Attachment 1 - Requirements Document.pdf

Re qu ire m en ts

Sp ec ifi ca tio n Do cu m en t

Use this document to detail the specifications/requirements for an item and/or ancillary services.

TITLE: Million Qubit IMS (Dilution Refrigerator)

Requesting Laboratory / Division / Group:

Communications Technology Laboratory Radio Frequency Technology Division High-Speed Measurements Group (672.03)

General Statement of Need:

The RF Technology Division (672) in the Communications Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has a requirement for a single “dry” dilution refrigerator (DR).

Since this system will be operated heavily by a user base with a wide range of experience [novice to expert], it is paramount that this system is simple to operate and is robust [minimal downtime]. This system will be used for both short term (1-2-day measurements) and long term measurements (> 3 months). The ability to thermally cycle on shorter time scales is valuable.

The term “dry dilution refrigerator” refers to cryogenic systems which cool experimental payloads by use of a mixture of helium-4 and helium-3 isotopes. “Dry” specifically denotes the modern subclass of these systems which achieve the majority of the pre-cooling power by use of pulse-tube cryocooler technology. The use of pulse-tube cryocooler technology has enabled these systems to operate without having to replenish a liquid helium bath as in older dilution refrigerator systems. Since liquid helium is a restricted resource and its price is volatile, these dry systems have become a sustainable alternative to these older liquid helium-based systems.

This system will be used to pursue research in microwave measurements and signal analysis for cryogenic quantum computing applications. Such systems are integral requirements for this kind of research as they allow an experimentalist to cool a superconducting circuit to ultra-low temperatures (T<50 mK), removing the effects of thermal fluctuations in high precision quantum measurements.

Items and Ancillary Services:

Item 1: Complete Dry Dilution Refrigerator System Quantity: 1 Specifications: See Attached Specifications .

Item 2: Option A: Additional dissipative microwave cabling (SMA connectorized, f<18 GHz) for “input/drive” lines and low frequency flexible coaxial cabling. Includes attenuators.

Quantity: 1 Specifications: 2.1 Must extend from room temperature to the mixing chamber, including cryogenically compatible attenuators (commonly used to thermalize microwave input lines).

Item 3: Option B: Additional dissipative and superconducting microwave cabling (SMA connectorized, f<18 GHz) for measurement/amplified output lines. Includes brackets and wiring for 4 low noise amplifiers and brackets for 6 cryo-isolators.

Quantity: 1 Specifications: 3.1 Dissipative cabling must extend from room temperature to the 4K plate (2nd stage pulse tube plate). Superconducting microwave cabling must extend between the mixing chamber and the 4K stage (2nd stage pulse tube plate).

Item 4: Option C: Low frequency wiring for piezoelectric nanopositioners and scanners (“attocubes”) and optical fiber routing.

Quantity: 1 Specifications: 4.1 Wiring consisting of low ohmic wires for attocube drivers and dissipative wiring for resistive encoders and signal wires. Wiring and optical fiber routing extends from room temperature to the mixing chamber plate.

Item 5: Option D: DC wiring and additional temperature sensor.

Quantity: 1 Specifications: 5.1 24 twisted pair (48 wires) for experiments consisting of Cu, Contantan, or PhBr wiring from room temperature connector box to 4K and superconducting wiring from 4K to mixing chamber.

Provide 2nd thermometer at the mixing chamber plate to make sure sample/probes are thermalizing properly.

Service Requirements / Item Specifications:

Section Requirements/Specifications Planning Considerations ☐ N/A

☒ List any visits required to allow potential vendors to see site specific constraints.

The vendor will specify all electrical connections necessary to operate the system so that NIST may provide the proper connections at the time of delivery to allow for a rapid and complete functioning installation.

☐ US citizen required on-site (foreign nationals require pre-registration 30 days prior to visit.)

☒ Vendor Representative On-Site more than three (3) days.

☐ Other Considerations:

[List other considerations to ensure an accurate quote.] Shipping & Delivery ☐ N/A

☐ National Institute of Standards and Technology 325 Broadway Boulder, CO, 80305, USA

Building 81 loading dock or Room 81-1E121 as appropriate.

Shipping Criteria:

☐ Partial Delivery Acceptable

☐ [Enter Shipping and Delivery information by item here.] ☒ Direct Delivery to Building Required Large shipping crates must be sent directly to loading dock for

Building 81.

Shipping charges should include the total cost to move the system from the factory to our NIST laboratory in room 81-1E121.

☒ Building has Loading Dock

Containerization Preference: [Choose Container] Other Requirements: [List any other requirement here.] Delivery Date Criteria:

☒ Delivery of Goods, Installation, and Training shall be competed no later than: Eight (8) Months After Receipt of Order (ARO) ☐ Delivery No Earlier Than: Click or tap to enter a date.

☒ Other:

The contractor must send a representative within 2 weeks of delivery to perform the installation unless a later date is agreed upon at NIST’s discretion. The contractor must complete the physical installation within 5 business days of the representative’s arrival.

Electronic Media ☐ N/A

Software for running of dilution refrigerator.

☒ Software ☐ Electronic Manuals ☐ License Key ☐ Other:

[List any other Electronic Media requirements here.] ☒ Email address for Software Delivery:

dylan.williams@nist.gov Installation ☐ N/A

[Enter Installation Requirements by item here.]

☒ Vendor Technician on Site ☒ Rigging ☒ Uncrating / Unpackaging ☐ Removal of Packaging Material ☒ Equipment Set Up ☒ Start-Up Services ☒ Turnkey Installation ☒ Other:

The system and its plumbing must be assembled in the laboratory with standard electrical connections.

NOTE: When installation is required, TPOC or COR shall be the coordination point.

Facility / Utility Considerations ☐ N/A

The vendor/contractor is responsible before signing the contract for verifying that the installation site is suitable for the dilution refrigerator and gas handling system and associated mounting frame. This includes outlining the required utilities (compressed air, cooling water, and power) for NIST (Boulder, Colorado campus).

☐ OFPM Work Order Numbers

[List any Work Order Numbers here.] ☒ Power Available Voltage: 200/230 (V)

Maximum Current: 50 (A) Phase: Three phase Frequency: 60 (Hz) NEMA Plug Type: [Enter Plug Type] (i.e.: NEMA L5-20P) Environment: Common Lab / Office Environment Other Power Considerations:

Standard USA 60 Hz, 110 V / 220 V electric power ☒ Utility Connections:

Cooling water, building-wide pressurized nitrogen and pressurized air available.

☐ Other Considerations:

[List other considerations to ensure an accurate quote.] Warranty ☐ N/A

Base Manufacturer Warranty is acceptable

The vendor should send field technicians to perform warranty service and include this in their terms of service.

What is included?

☒ Labor ☒ Parts ☒ Travel ☒ Cost and Liability for Returns ☐ Other [Enter other requirements here] ☒ Warranty Length: 3-Years Training ☐ N/A

The vendor will provide, at a minimum training to familiarize the NIST Group on the operation controls of the dilution refrigerator, safety, and best practices.

☒ On-Site

Is Travel Required: [Choose Answer]

☐ Off-Site Location: [Enter Location(s) here] ☒ Number of Trainees: 4 Scope of Training ☒ Operations ☐ Maintenance ☐ Troubleshooting ☒ Safety ☐ Other [Enter Other Scope Requirements here] ☐ Training materials to be provided:

[Describe Requirements here] ☐ Other

[Enter Other Training Requirements here] NOTE: When training is required, TPOC or COR shall be coordinator.

Inspection and Acceptance ☐ N/A

Acceptable equipment shall meet all technical specifications. In addition, we require that the vendor verify sustained steady state operation:

defined as remaining below 20 mK mixing chamber temperature with all diagnostic and user cabling (microwave and dc lines) installed. The system must demonstrate 1 week of uninterrupted steady state operation prior to acceptance.

☒ On-Site [Enter Inspection Requirements Per Item here] ☐ Planned Government Acceptance Testing: (7 Business Days) ☒ Government Acceptance Expected to Exceed 7 Business Days:

2 Weeks ☐ Inspection and Acceptance Plan:

[Explain here] ☐ Other:

[Enter Other Requirements here] Maintenance ☒ N/A

Minimal maintenance requirements for the new system, pumps and cryocooler, should be specified in the vendor’s operation manual.

Service Plan Length: [i.e. 3 - Years]

What is Included?

☐ Labor ☐ Spare Parts ☐ Consumables ☐ Travel

☐ Cost and Liability for Returns ☐ Software Updates ☐ Manuals l

☐ Other [Enter Other Requirements here] ☐ Requirements:

[Enter Requirements here] (i.e.: On-Site Within 72 hours, etc.)

☐ 1 Option Period ☐ 2 Option Periods ☐ 3 Option Periods ☐ 4 Option Periods (Maximum)

Government Furnished Material / Equipment ☐ N/A

This system requires the use of He-3 gas, a rare isotope that can be expensive to acquire. The Government has a special program in place to sell He-3 to Government institutions for a reduced price. The Government will provide the He-3 gas.

☐ Samples for Testing

☐ Government Equipment which will leave Government Site (TPOC must coordinate with Division Property Custodian)

Description: [Enter Description here] Serial Number: [Enter Serial Number here]

NIST Property Number: [Enter NIST Property Number here] ☐ Other:

[Enter Other Details here] Travel ☐ N/A

The installation and first operation of this system will require travel from the vendor. The vendor’s technician should travel to NIST to install and operate the system in order to ensure proper delivery, installation, and operation.

☒ Explain:

These costs should be included in the vendor’s quotation for the total price.

☐ Other:

[Enter Other Requirements here] NOTE TO VENDOR: To the maximum extent possible, include travel requirement estimates as part of pertinent sections above (Installation, Maintenance, Repair, etc.). Otherwise, Travel will be a separate line item, reimbursable per the Federal Travel Regulation.

Detailed Specifications for Item 1: One Complete Dry Dilution Refrigerator

A. Cooling Requirements:

1. Mixing chamber cooling power

a) The mixing chamber must cool to 10 millikelvin or below and demonstrate a cooling power greater than or equal to 15 μW at 20 millikelvin when loaded with (at a minimum) the included diagnostic thermometry and heating wiring.

b) The mixing chamber must provide at least 450 μW of cooling power at 100 millikelvin when loaded with (at minimum) the included diagnostic thermometry and heater wiring.

c) The mixing chamber must provide at least 650 μW of cooling power at 120 millikelvin when loaded with (at minimum) the included diagnostic thermometry and heater wiring.

2. Pulse tube cooling power

a) The system must be equipped with a pulse tube with greater than 1.0 W cooling power at its 2nd stage.

3. Automated operation, cooldown time and pre-cool method

a) The time to cool the bare system (diagnostic wiring only) from room temperature to below 30 millikelvin must not exceed 24 hours; the time to cool the system with all ordered components (MXC shield, SMA coax cabling, DC wiring, optical fibers, etc.) shall not exceed 32 hours.

b) In either case, the pre-cooling phase must not require a liquid-nitrogen precool circuit or exchange gas.

c) Fully automated operation with computer-controlled valves and pumps.

d) Press-of-a-button cool-down and capability.

e) Possibility to control the Device with user-written software (e.g. Python, LabView and MATLAB) running on an additional user-supplied computer.

f) A panel with the possibility to override the automation and to fully control the Device manually.

4. Warmup

a) The system must include wiring + heaters + programmable power supply to expedite warmup to room temperature at the conclusion of a cooldown. The warm-up heater kit must include at least one heater on the 4 K plate.

b) Warmup time from base temperature to room temperature shall be 15 hours or less with the heaters.

c) Heat-exchange-gas-free operation, i.e., the Device shall have only a single vacuum feedthrough stage at room temperature, which implies that no heat exchange gas can be used in the large vacuum can.

B. Wiring & Instrumentation:

1. Diagnostic and utility measurement configuration

a) The system must come equipped with all necessary wiring to measure temperature at the still, 50 mK or sometimes referred to as the “cold plate”, and mixing chamber (MXC) stages.

b) The system must include all necessary instrumentation and cabling to automatically measure the temperatures of all cold stages.

2. User wiring

The system must include sufficient wiring capability including SMA coax, flexible coax, superconducting coax, attocube wiring, optical fiber, and DC wiring as described in the options A-D. (for details of the wiring configuration, see below)

3. Line-of-Sight (LOS) Ports

a) The system must have at least 5 KF40 (or larger) line-of-sight (LOS) vacuum feedthroughs to supply options B-D.

b) The system must, in addition, have at least 2 KF50 (or larger) LOS vacuum feedthroughs.

c) All bulkhead connectors for wiring shall be tested for leaks.

C. Gas Handling

1. The gas handling system must be automated; the manual valve on the mixture tanks may be excluded from this requirement.

2. The necessary volume of helium-3 gas must not exceed 25 liters.

3. No membrane pump shall be used in the Helium-3 /Helium-4 mixture circulation since they have short service periods and the rupture of the membrane leads potentially to loss or contamination of the mixture.

4. The dilution unit shall not have any soft solders. Soft-solders are known to develop micro-fractures and cold leaks overtime.

D. Inner Radiation Shielding, and Magnetic Shielding

1. The system must include a mixing chamber stage radiation shield.

2. The system must be able to accommodate, at a later date, the addition of a cryogenic magnetic shield encompassing the mixing chamber experimental volume, thermally coupled to the mixing chamber stage.

E. Outer vacuum can, inner radiation shield assembly

The vacuum can and inner radiation shield assemblies must accommodate routine assembly/disassembly when the system is placed in a laboratory with a 2.9 m floor-to-ceiling height. Specifically, it must be possible for the vacuum can and radiation shields to be removed and replaced when the cryostat is permanently mounted on its frame.

F. Experimental Space Requirements

1. The volume available for the experimental payload at the mixing chamber must be at least 29 cm diameter and have a usable experimental volume of 22,000 cm3.

G. Mechanical Vibration and Electrical Isolation

1. The dilution refrigerator chassis ground must be electrically isolated, i.e., capable of being “floated.”

2. The design of the system should include features to reduce the mechanical vibrations in the cryostat that originate from the pulse tube motor and system pumps.

Vibration isolation shall include a remote rack-mounted turbo pump with bellows and pulse tube bellows damping stage.

H. Mounting and Footprint

1. The system must come equipped with all necessary framing to mount the cryostat within a footprint of 2 m x 2 m and ceiling height of 2.9 m. (Gas handling system, LN2 trap, and pumps are not included in this footprint)

2. All components (cryostat, framing, gas handling system, and control instrumentation) must fit through a doorway of width 1.5 m and height 2.1 m. Any components which must be disassembled and reassembled to accommodate this specification must be noted by the vendor.

I. Documentation

1. Baseline operating parameters (recorded at the factory) must be included in supplied documentation, including cooling powers at mixing chamber and 2ndstage pulse tube, typical temperatures of all stages (1st & 2nd stage pulse tube, still, intermediate cold plate (between still and mixing chamber), and mixing chamber), as well as helium mixture flow rates. Helium-3/4 ratio used should also be noted.

2. The values of all dilution refrigerator circuit impedances as well as the user/operator procedures for measuring their room temperature and low temperature values.

3. Required Helium-3/Helium-4 mixture ratio and total volume and recommended optimal mixture ratio and total volume if different for maximizing the cooling power at the MXC.

4. Commercial subsystem manuals, i.e., manuals for all included pumps, compressors, and instrumentation (pressure, temperature).

5. The vendor must provide documentation for thermometry setup and configuration, including all lead resistances, pin assignments, and calibration data.

6. The vendor must provide documentation for all other wiring, including pin assignments and part numbers for commercial mating connectors if applicable.

7. Operating procedures for the end user in the event of power failure, computer failure, or mechanical failure must be outlined and documented.

8. Operating procedures for starting (“cooldown”) and stopping (“warmup”) the system must be documented for the end user.

9. Maintenance intervals for all pumps, compressors, and pulse tube must be documented by the vendor.10. Maintenance procedures that can be performed by the end user must be documented by the vendor.

J. Site survey

The vendor/contractor is responsible before signing the contract for verifying that the installation site is suitable for the dilution refrigerator and gas handling system and associated mounting frame. This includes outlining the required utilities (compressed air, cooling water, and power) for NIST (Boulder, Colorado campus).

Available supplies at the installation location include the following:

i. Standard USA 60 Hz, 110 V / 220 V electric power and 200/230VAC, 3 Phase, 60 Hz, (50A breaker) electric power available in the laboratory.

ii. Cooling water is available at the installation location.

iii. Gas supply: building-wide pressurized nitrogen and pressurized air are available at the installation location.

K. Delivery and Installation

1. Factory tests before delivery: testing of the full provided Device must be carried out before delivery and installation. The optimization of the helium mixture specification and the operation of the automated cool-down must be included and carried out in this configuration.

2. The vendor/contractor is responsible to delivering the system to the NIST Boulder campus. (325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305)

i. Installation should be in Building 81-1E121

3. Delivery must be within 8 months, ARO.

4.The contractor must send a representative within 2 weeks of delivery to perform the installation unless a later date is agreed upon at NIST’s discretion.

5. The performance of the Device must be demonstrated by the supplier on-site after installation. Helium-3 will be provided by NIST for the on-site installation and testing.

6. The contractor must complete the physical installation within 5 business days of the representative’s arrival.

7. Installers and trainers will be registered as visitors and will obtain authorization to work on site. The installers and trainers should be escorted by NIST staff.

L. Training

The contractor must train up to 4 end users to operate the system for a minimum of 2 days either during or immediately after installation.

M. Warranty and Service

1. NIST requires at least a 3-year manufacturer warranty on all vendor manufactured parts and labor.

2. NIST requires at least a 1-year warranty on the cryocooler and pump systems (pulse tube, compressor(s), and vacuum pumps).

3. The contractor shall provide unlimited telephone customer support during Manufacturers normal business hours with a response within one (1) business day.

Support shall be provided by technical personnel who are experienced with the offered system.

4. The contractor shall respond to e-mail support inquiries within 48 hours and determine whether field service is required within 5 business days of initial contact.

5. If the contractor determines that field service is required to repair the system, they must send a representative not more than 10 business days after determination unless otherwise agreed upon by NIST.

Detailed Specifications for Options A-D: User Wiring

Specification Comments/Questions Option A: Dissipative RF microwave cabling

20 RF input/drive microwave lines: Ag-plated CuNi-CuNi semi-rigid rf cables with the appropriate attenuation.

Cabling must extend from room temperature to the mixing chamber and include cryogenically compatible attenuators at user-specified locations.

Option A: Low frequency flexible coaxial cabling.

12 lines of flexible low frequency/low thermal conductance coaxial cable for input/drive lines. Breakout at RT and at mixing chamber with SMA connectors.

Cabling must extend from room temperature to the mixing chamber and include cryogenically compatible attenuators.

Option B: Additional Dissipative and Superconducting RF microwave cabling

4 output lines: Ag-plated CuNi-CuNi 2.19 mm semi-rigid rf cables to 4K and superconducting microwave lines from 4 K to mixing chamber.

Low-loss dissipative cabling must extend from room temperature to the 4K plate (2nd stage pulse tube plate).

Superconducting microwave cabling must extend between the mixing chamber and the 4K stage.

Option B: brackets for cryo-isolators/ circulators

2 brackets for mounting 4 cryo-isolators each, located either on top and/or bottom of mixing chamber plate.

Brackets and wiring for user-provided isolators.

Screw locations for mounting isolators to be provided by user.

Option B: wiring and brackets for 4 user-

Provide bracket for mounting up to 4 LNAs, along with bias cable

Bracket and wiring for user-provided:

supplied low noise amplifiers (LNAs).

from RT and input/output microwave cabling (2.19 mm semi-rigid Cu).

4x LNAs, 4-12 GHz

Screw locations for mounting LNAs to be provided by user.

Option C: Optical fiber

Install 8 total fibers:

2x SMF-28e, 2x PM1550, 2x HI1060, and

2x PM980

All fibers with 900 um jacket, FC-APC connectors with narrow key (2.0 mm) on both ends.

All 8 fibers on same KF40 or larger flange with hermetic seals appropriate for that fiber type.

Routed from RT to MXC plate, with break-out box at both 4K flange/plate and MXC plate. Length of each fiber >= 1.5 m from RT to MXC.

Fibers should be thermalized at all the temperature plates.

Each fiber should include strain relief at MXC end.

Option C: Attocube Wiring

Wiring for three (3) user-provided three-axis attocube nanopositioners/scanners

Attocubes models:

with resistive encoders.

Attocubes (user provided) will be located at the mixing chamber plate.

ANPx341/RES+/LT/HV linear xy-nanopositioner

ANPz102/RES+/LT/HV – linear z- nanopositioner

Each attocube requires 2 wires for drive, and 3 wires for the resistive encoder per positioner, and an additional 3 wires for possible measurements. A 3-axis positioner/scanner therefore needs 6 low-ohmic wires (<5 ohms) for drive and 9 wires for encoders and 9 wires for measurements. Wiring extends from room temperature to the mixing chamber plate.

The driver wires must be <5 ohms when the system is warm or cold to allow for testing of the positioners under all fridge conditions.

Option D: DC wiring (Twisted Pair)

24 twisted pair (48 wires) for experiments. At least 12 pair should be copper

All wires routed from RT to mixing chamber;

include intermediate wire to 4 K plate with superconducting wire from 4 K to mixing chamber.

breakout at 4K. Same connector type at both 4 K and and at mixing chamber. with connector at each.

Wiring to 4K plate anchored to pulse tube for thermalization.

Option D: additional calibrated thermometer at mixing chamber plate

2nd thermometer at the mixing chamber to make sure sample/probes are thermalizing properly

RuOx temp sensor, or equivalent, calibrated (traceable) over 7mK – 100 K temperature range.