Appendix E-2 ARMD Sampling Plan.pdf

APPENDIX E-2

ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING PLAN FOR

SOIL, GROUNDWATER, AND SURFACE WATER QUALITY

MONITORING FOR THE AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE ROCKET

MOTOR DESTRCUTION FACILITY

ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING PLAN

SOIL, GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER

QUALITY MONITORING

for The Ammonium Perchlorate Rocket Motor Destruction

(ARMD) Facility

EPA ID No. PA6213820503

Submitted to The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

February 2015

Revised May 2016

Prepared for:

Letterkenny Army Depot Chambersburg, Pennsylvania

Prepared by Redhorse Corporation

San Diego, California 92101

(619) 722-2282

El Dorado Engineering, Inc.

2964 W. 4700 South, Suite 109 Salt Lake City, UT 84129

(801) 966-8288

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Environmental Sampling Plan Soil, Groundwater and Surface Water Quality Monitoring

For The Ammonium Perchlorate Rocket Motor Destruction (ARMD) Facility

EPA ID No. PA6213820503

ARMD ESP, Letterkenny Army Depot

CONTRACTOR Program

LEAD Environmental: Date:

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DISTRIBUTION LIST

Name Responsibility Affiliation

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CONTENTS

DISTRIBUTION LIST ................................................................................................................... ii

1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

2.0 PRINCIPAL DECISION-MAKERS

3.0 LEAD SITE DESCRIPTION AND PHYSICAL SETTING

4.0 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND CRITERIA

4.1 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES

4.2 MEASUREMENT QUALITY OBJECTIVES

5.0 MONITORING OF THE ARMD TTC SUMP AND WITNESS ZONE

6.0 INVESTIGATION OF SOIL, SEDIMENT, SURFACE WATER AND

GROUNDWATER

6.1 APPROACH

6.2 TECHNICAL OR REGULATORY STANDARDS

6.3 PROJECT TIMELINE

6.4 ANALYTICAL METHODS AND REPORTING LIMITS

6.5 FIELD DOCUMENTATION

6.6 SAMPLE COLLECTION

6.6.1 Soil Samples

6.6.2 Stormwater Runoff Samples – Water and Sediment

6.6.3 Surface Water Samples

6.6.4 Groundwater Elevation

6.6.5 Groundwater Samples

6.6.6 Collection of Quality Assurance and Quality Control Samples

6.7 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES

6.8 SAMPLE HANDLING AND CUSTODY

6.8.1 Sample Identification

6.8.2 Sample Labels

6.8.3 Sample Documentation

6.8.4 Chain-of-Custody

6.8.5 Sample Shipment

6.9 EQUIPMENT TESTING, INSPECTION, AND MAINTENANCE

6.9.1 Calibrating Field Equipment

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6.9.2 Maintaining Field Equipment

6.9.3 Inspection and Acceptance of Supplies and Consumables

7.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL

7.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL DEFINITIONS

7.1.1 Precision

7.1.2 Accuracy

7.1.3 Representativeness

7.1.4 Completeness

7.1.5 Comparability

7.1.6 Method Detection and Quantitation Limits

7.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL FIELD SAMPLES

7.2.1 Temperature Blanks

7.2.2 Trip blanks

7.2.3 Duplicates

7.2.4 Rinsate Blanks

7.2.5 Source-Water blanks

7.3 LABORATORY QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL

8.0 SPECIAL TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION

8.1 HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING

8.2 SUBCONTRACTOR TRAINING

8.3 SPECIALIZED TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

9.0 DATA MANAGEMENT

10.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND REPORTING

REFERENCES

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FIGURES

FIGURE 1 LEAD Location Map FIGURE 2 Preliminary Site Plan of the ARMD FIGURE 3 ARMD Sample Collection Locations

TABLES

TABLE 1 Data Quality Objectives TABLE 2 Proposed Soil, Surface Water, Groundwater, Stormwater Runoff, and Runoff

Sediment Sample Location and Sampling Rationale TABLE 3 40 CFR Part 264.94 Maximum Concentration of Constituents for Groundwater

Protection TABLE 4 Pennsylvania and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standards and

Guidelines TABLE 5 Implementation Schedule for Sampling, Analysis, and Reporting TABLE 6 Samples Volumes, Containers, Preservatives, and Holding Times TABLE 7 Proposed Soil, Surface Water, Groundwater, Stormwater Runoff, and Runoff

Sediment Sample Field Sampling Identification and Collection TABLE 8 Quality Control Samples for Precision and Accuracy

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A Volatile Organic Compound List

ATTACHMENTS

ATTACHMENT A PADEP Well Installation Plan Approval Letter & Weston Solutions, Inc.

Well Installation Plan Letter Report

ATTACHMENT B Depot-Wide Analytical Methods And Reporting Limits

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

% Percent ± Plus or minus Ag Silver Al Aluminum ANOVA Analysis of variance ARMD Ammonium Perchlorate Rocket Motor Destruction Facility As Arsenic Ba Barium bgs Below ground surface Bi Bismuth °C Degrees Celsius CASRN Chemical Abstract Services Registry Number Cd Cadmium CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CFR Code of Federal Regulations Cl Chloride ClO4 Perchlorate COC Chain of custody CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Cr Chromium Cu Copper CZM Coastal Zone Management DQO Data quality objective DTW Depth to water EDD Electronic data deliverable EDE El Dorado Engineering EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EQL Estimated Quantitation Limit ESP Environmental Sampling Plan F Fluoride Fe Iron FTL Field team leader GC Gas chromatography GC/MS Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry HASP Health and safety plan Hg Mercury ID Identification ICP inductively coupled plasma IRDMIS Installation Restoration Data Management Information System K Potassium

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LCS Laboratory control sample LEAD Letterkenny Army Depot Mangi Mangi Environmental Group MCL Maximum contaminant level MCLG Maximum contaminant level goal MDL Method detection limit mg/kg Milligram per kilogram mg/L Milligram per liter ml Milliliter Mo Molybdenum MQO Measurement quality objective MS Matrix spike MSC Medium-Specific Concentration MSD Matrix spike duplicate mV Millivolt NO2/NO3 Nitrates/Nitrites NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit ORP Oxidation reduction potential OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration oz Ounce P Phosphorus Pa. Code Pennsylvania Code PADEP Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection PARCC Precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability PAS Pollution abatement system Pb Lead pH Measurement of acidity or basicity PPE Personal protective equipment PQL Practical Quantitation Limit QA Quality assurance QAPP Quality assurance project plan QA/QC Quality assurance/quality control QC Quality control RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Redhorse Redhorse Corporation RL Reporting limit RPD Relative percent difference S/SO4 Sulfur/sulfate Se Selenium SiO2 Silica (also known as silicon dioxide) Sn Tin SOP Standard operating procedure

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SSL Soil Screening Level TBD To be determined TOC Top of casing TTC Thermal Treatment Chamber µg/L Micrograms per liter µm Micron USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture VOA Volatile organic analysis VOC Volatile organic compound Weston Weston Solutions, Inc.

Zr Zirconium

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1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Letterkenny Army Depot (LEAD), located near Chambersburg, Pennsylvania (Figure 1), is a United States Government-Owned, Government-Operated, facility that provides supply and maintenance support to the United States Armed Forces. LEAD is under the command structure of the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Lifecycle Management Command.

LEAD overhauls, rebuilds, modifies, tests, and repairs a wide variety of missile systems ranging from air-launched missiles to large ground-based air defense missile systems. LEAD also overhauls, modifies, and converts various ground support vehicles. In addition to equipment maintenance, LEAD also receives, stores, issues, renovates, and demilitarizes conventional ammunition.

LEAD is permitting and building a new destruction facility. The Ammonium Perchlorate Rocket Motor Destruction Facility (ARMD) will use confined burning with emissions control to treat solid propellant rocket motors that are currently treated at the Open Burning Grounds at LEAD.

The ARMD includes static firing of full motors and containing and capturing the exhaust for treatment in a pollution abatement system (PAS). A confined burn system will utilize an ignition source to initiate combustion (rather than an auxiliary burner). A preliminary site plan of the ARMD is presented in Figure 2.

This Environmental Sampling Plan (ESP) outlines sampling activities to be conducted in conjunction with the new ARMD. Sampling activities will be initiated in response to requests from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) to establish baseline conditions at the site. Up to four, but a minimum of two baseline sampling events should be completed prior to start up of the ARMD to provide sufficient data for statistical analysis.

Subsequent annual sampling requested by PADEP will be used to satisfy regulatory requirements for the protection of soil, surface water, and groundwater quality. Implementation of this ESP will establish baseline conditions and subsequent annual sampling will determine if the ARMD operation is adversely impacting the surrounding environment. The baseline and subsequent annual monitoring results will be submitted to PADEP, in addition to groundwater contour maps.

This ESP consists of a field sampling plan and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) approaches in a single document, to guide the field, laboratory, and data-reporting efforts associated with this soil, groundwater, and surface water monitoring project. This ESP addresses quality assurance elements to facilitate collection, analysis, and reporting of valid, precise, and accurate data. A depot-wide QAPP for environmental services supporting Installation Restoration Program investigations by contractors at LEAD also provides additional information on analytical methods and reporting limits (Weston 2003).

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FIGURE 1

LEAD LOCATION MAP

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FIGURE 2

PRELIMINARY SITE PLAN OF THE ARMD

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2.0 PRINCIPAL DECISION-MAKERS

Principal decision makers involved in the soil, groundwater, and surface water monitoring activities at the ARMD include LEAD, the U.S Army Corp of Engineers and PADEP. Until such time as the group contracted to perform sampling and investigation efforts is known, this ESP references that entity as “CONTRACTOR.”

3.0 LEAD SITE DESCRIPTION AND PHYSICAL SETTING

Site Description and Topography

Surface elevations throughout the LEAD property range from approximately 600 to 800 feet above mean sea level, except for the northwest portion the Depot, where the elevation increases abruptly to more than 2,300 feet above sea level in the vicinity of Broad Mountain. A portion of the LEAD facility site includes 2,900 acres of mountainous wooded land along Blue or North Mountain with elevations ranging from 700 feet to 2,300 feet above sea level. Slopes rising in excess of 40 feet per 100 feet are found in the mountainous areas (Mangi, 2010).

The ARMD site is in a remote area of LEAD among uniquely compatible land uses such as missile maintenance, ammunition storage, and the Open Burning and Open Detonation grounds.

Land use around LEAD is commercial except for a tract of agricultural land adjacent to the south side of the depot. Forestland (Buchanan State Forest) is about 4,000 feet west of the ARMD site, adjacent to the western boundary of LEAD. The structures at the ARMD site include the confined burn unit and two buildings that will be used for processing and de-segmenting the rocket motors. There are no water wells or injection wells in the ARMD area (Mangi, 2010).

Geology

The LEAD facility is located in the Cumberland Valley portion of the Great Valley in the eastern most section of the Ridge and Valley Province of the Appalachian Mountains. LEAD straddles two major geologic structural features; the South Mountain Anticlinorium to the east and the Massanutten Synclinorium to the west. The eastern section of LEAD is underlain primarily by carbonate rocks (limestones and dolomites) and is part of the South Mountain Anticlinorium (Mangi, 2010).

The Martin & Martin Inc. surface geology map presented in the RCRA Part B permit application depicts Chambersburg Formation, Martinsburg Formation, and St. Paul Group in the ARMD area of LEAD. The Martinsburg Formation, ranging in thickness from several feet (near fault contacts) to an estimated 1,000 feet, consists predominantly of black carbonaceous shale interbedded with sandstone and siltstone. The Chambersburg Formation is a dark-gray, argillaceous, cobbly limestone with abundant irregular shaley partings, and the St. Paul Group consists of a micritic and fossiliferous limestone with some black chert and dolomite (Redhorse/EDE 2014).

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The bedrock formation in the ARMD area may provide a pathway to nearby agricultural activity.

According to LEAD, the nearest downgradient groundwater consumers are between 1.5 and 2 miles southwest of the ARMD. This area is a mix of public water and groundwater consumers (LEAD, 2016). Further research into identification of water users and water supplies, if needed, will be addressed outside this ESP.

Soil

Based on the NRCS Soil Survey for Franklin County, there are three dominant soil series types found at the ARMD site area within LEAD: Weikert, Berks, and Beddinton. These soils are characterized as shallow to deep and well-drained. These acidic soils are weathered from shale, siltstone and acid sandstone and are associated with valley bottoms. Also near the ARMD site is Swanpond-Edom complex soil (USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey), which is residuum weathered from limestone and from limestone and shale. (Mangi, 2010).

Watersheds

Surface water drainage at LEAD is divided into two watersheds: the Susquehanna River to the northeast and the Potomac River to the southwest. Both the Susquehanna and the Potomac eventually drain into the Chesapeake Bay. Because LEAD is in the Chesapeake Bay region, it is subject to the 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement. Surface water runoff from the northeast portions of the LEAD facility is all contained in the Susquehanna watershed. Surface water runoff from the southwest portion of LEAD discharges to either Dennis Creek, Back Creek, Rocky Spring Branch, or Conococheague Creek, all contained in the Potomac River watershed.

Drainages near the ARMD site area are ephemeral or intermittent with the stream channels carrying water only in winter and spring or after heavy rains. Surface water generally flows from northwest to southeast across the region surrounding the ARMD (Mangi, 2010). However in the ARMD area surface water generally flows from the northeast towards the southwest.

Groundwater

There is currently no demand for groundwater at LEAD and no such future demand is anticipated. Water is currently supplied to LEAD by surface water storage from Letterkenny Reservoir, which is located a few miles north of LEAD. LEAD is largely underlain by shales although limestone does occur in some drainages and in a narrow belt along the base of Broad Mountain. The Martinsburg Formation is generally a good aquifer yielding water of decent quality, although high iron and manganese concentrations may occur. Hydrogen sulfide gas is occasionally found and degrades water quality. Water in this aquifer is hard and unsuitable for some industrial processes. There is a close relationship between well yield and topography.

Wells located in the area of low topographic expression have significantly greater yields than wells on upland locations. Geologically, wells located along fracture traces also have higher yields (Mangi, 2010).

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Wetlands and Floodplains

Eight wetland types are present at LEAD: Lacustrine, Palustrine Aquatic Bottom, Palustrine Emergent, Palustrine Forested, Palustrine Open Water, Palustrine Scrub-shrub, Palustrine Unconsolidated Bottom, and Riverine. Vernal pools exist on portions of LEAD, with one pool located near the ARMD site, although the construction site itself will be located on previously cleared land (Mangi, 2010).

LEAD does not lie on any significant floodplain and is above the 100-year flood level of the Conococheague Creek. The result is that serious flooding is not a threat to operations at LEAD (Mangi, 2010).

All LEAD property is located within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Program boundary. Established by an Executive Order and approved in 1978, the CZM Program is a network of state laws and policies designated to protect coastal and marine resources. This includes the Chesapeake Bay, into which water from the streams and tributaries on LEAD eventually flow.

Vegetation

There are approximately 6,264 acres of forest land on LEAD. Three forest vegetation communities exist on LEAD; deciduous forests, coniferous dominated forests, and mixed coniferous and deciduous forests. Dominant tree species on the property include red oak, black oak, white oak, chestnut oak, yellow poplar, white ash, hickories, and red maple.

The majority of the terrestrial habitat on LEAD consists of open fields and second or third growth forest. Of the total 18,281 acres on LEAD, approximately 35 percent is forested and 52 percent is open fields, 1 percent is water, and the remaining 12 percent is mostly developed with scattered vegetation. Existing forested and wooded stands represent second and third-growth forests. Non-forested areas are principally old-field type successional areas, dominated by grass species.

There are approximately 9,250 acres of open habitat on the LEAD property, consisting principally of grassland fields that are incorporated into the agricultural leasing program at the Depot. Open areas also include buffer strips (roadways, areas surrounding igloos, field borders) that serve as fire breaks, edge habitat, and buffers for the protection of water resources and sensitive habitat (Mangi, 2010).

The ARMD site vicinity consists mainly of young second or third-growth mixed oak-hickory forest, some agricultural land, open areas, and several very small wetland patches.

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Air Quality

Franklin County, therefore the ARMD site, is within the South Central Pennsylvania Intrastate Air Quality Control Region AQCR (40 CFR 81.105), which is within the ozone transport region that includes 12 states and Washington, DC. The EPA has designated Franklin County as a maintenance area for the 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard, and in attainment for all other criteria pollutants (40 CFR 81.339).

4.0 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND CRITERIA

The following section discusses the data quality objectives (DQO) and measurement quality objectives (MQO) identified for this project. LEAD proposes to use the EPA software ProUCL for analysis of variance (ANOVA) consistent with 40 CFR Part 264.97(h) ANOVA analyses.

ProUCL provides numerous and varied statistical methods and graphical tools to address environmental sampling and statistical issues. The DQOs and MQOs are consistent with this statistical method.

4.1 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES

DQOs are qualitative and quantitative statements developed through the DQO process (EPA, 2006 & EPA, 2000). DQOs clarify the study objective, define the most appropriate data to collect and the conditions under which the data are collected, and specify tolerable limits on decision errors that will be used as the basis for establishing the quantity and quality of data needed to support decision-making. The DQO process is meant to be flexible and iterative. It is not mandatory and is meant as a guide to facilitate a scientific and resource-effective design for acquisition of environmental data. The steps of the DQO process for this project are summarized in Table 1.

4.2 MEASUREMENT QUALITY OBJECTIVES

Analytical results will be evaluated in accordance with precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability (PARCC) parameters to document the quality of the data and to ensure that the data are of sufficient quality to meet the project objectives. Of these PARCC parameters, precision and accuracy will be evaluated quantitatively by collecting the QA/QC samples discussed in Section 7, regarding QA/QC. Each of the PARCC parameters, and how they will be assessed within this project, is also discussed in Section 7.

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TABLE 1

DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES

STEP 1: State the Objective

Baseline and annual data collection basis to evaluate the presence or persistence of contaminant indicator compounds upstream and downstream of the ARMD property, and in soils adjacent to preparation, segmentation and confined burn operations. Continued annual monitoring of select locations allows the compilation of data that can be used for detection monitoring, and future compliance/corrective action analysis, if it should become necessary.

STEP 2: Identify the Decisions Determine whether significant amount of contaminant indicators are present in existing soil, surface water, groundwater, and sediment/surface runoff within the ARMD property.

Determine if change in concentration between baseline and annual sample results exists and if it is of statistical significance.

STEP 3: Identify Inputs to the Decisions Field data and laboratory analytical results will be collected during up to four baseline sampling events for baseline soil, surface water, groundwater, and sediment/surface runoff;

and again during annual sampling events for the locations identified in Figure 3 and Table 2.

STEP 4: Define Study Boundaries The study area is defined by the set of sampling locations identified in Figure 3.

Baseline sampling will include a minimum of two sampling events to provide sufficient data for statistical analysis.

Annual sampling will extend through the period identified by PADEP.

STEP 5: Develop Decision Rules If baseline analyte concentrations are observed prior to startup of the ARMD, further investigation outside this project will be necessary to determine the potential cause(s) of pre-existing elevated concentrations.

If change in baseline and annual sample concentrations increases and is statistically significant, and if this condition can be statistically assigned to contributions from within the ARMD, then additional investigation and compliance/corrective action will be determined.

If the condition cannot be assigned to the ARMD, no further action is required, except to continue detection monitoring with annual sampling events.

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TABLE 1

DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES

STEP 6: Specify Tolerable Limits on Decision Errors

Site-specific sampling parameters are predetermined based on historic data collection for open burn events, professional judgment in selecting sampling locations and analytes, and according to the direction of PADEP, for this investigation. Sampling locations have been determined by PADEP with principal decision maker concurrence, based on primary ARMD operations, surface drainage characteristics and nearby surface water locations. Tolerable limits on decision errors cannot be precisely defined at this time.

Potential errors will be reduced by using established SOPs during sampling and analysis;

and by closely observing QA/QC protocols for sample collection, handling, and analysis.

STEP 7: Optimize the Sampling Design Following a comprehensive review of the project baseline and follow up annual results, excluding and/or including specific sampling locations or sampling parameters in future monitoring events will be evaluated.

Notes:

QA/QC Quality assurance and quality control SOP Standard operating procedure

5.0 MONITORING OF THE ARMD TTC SUMP AND WITNESS ZONE

The Thermal Treatment Chamber (TTC) sump will be equipped with a 6” pipe to allow for visual inspection of the space between the steel liner and the concrete vault for detecting leaks in the steel liner, this inspection space is defined as “the Witness Zone.” The concrete vault acts as secondary containment to the steel liner thereby insuring no liquids contact the soil. Inspection of the witness zone will be performed on a weekly basis. If the ARMD experiences prolonged periods of inactivity, LEAD may refrain from weekly inspections until such time as the ARMD begins operating again. Relief from the weekly inspection requirement must be approved by PADEP prior to suspending any inspections. If liquid is detected in the Witness Zone, a sample will be taken and analyzed for pH using litmus paper or equivalent. If the liquid in the Witness Zone has a pH greater than or equal to 4, it can be assumed that it did not come from the sump and no additional characterization is required. The Witness Zone must be pumped out before resuming operations. If the Witness Zone has a pH less than 4, it must be characterized for appropriate disposal;

the sump must be emptied and inspected; and the sump must be repaired for leaks prior to resumption of operations.

The effluent in the sump is processed at the Effluent Handling System onsite. Treated liquid in the TTC waste filtrate tanks is sampled for waste disposal.

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6.0 INVESTIGATION OF SOIL, SEDIMENT, SURFACE WATER AND

GROUNDWATER

The objective for soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater sampling is to develop an understanding of existing concentrations of the indicator compounds at the ARMD prior to and following commencement of operations. For the purpose of this plan, reference to surface water and surface water sampling locations for streams are identified and referred to as “surface water.” Stormwater runoff and sediment in areas of stormwater runoff, and their sample locations, are identified and referred to as “stormwater runoff” and “runoff sediment.” This nomenclature is used to avoid confusion between the sample locations and type.

6.1 APPROACH

The ARMD is a contained burn treatment facility. The ARMD is a fully contained unit for demilitarization of rocket motors, the byproduct of which is a non-hazardous solid waste, with no planned releases to surface water, groundwater, soils, stormwater runoff or runoff sediment.

However, 40 CFR Part 264 (Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, And Disposal Facilities), Subpart F (Releases from Solid Waste Management Units) requires monitoring and response programs.

The monitoring program approach is to establish baseline concentrations of indicator compounds that could result from unplanned releases to soil, surface water, groundwater, stormwater runoff, or runoff sediment, from the rocket motor preparation, segmentation and destruction facilities.

Once baseline conditions are established, the program will transition to annual sampling. A reportable indicator compound concentration increase or change from baseline concentrations or from downgradient versus upgradient concentrations in soil, surface water, groundwater, stormwater runoff, or runoff sediment may indicate a release has occurred at the ARMD.

Analytical parameters were selected at the request of PADEP. The initial analytical parameter list was determined based on the system design information; controls; rocket motor combustion byproducts; proximal facility operations; the characteristics of liquid and solid waste on the site;

materials used; material storage and handling methods; and PADEP requested compounds. This list may be modified in the future based on investigation results or new waste stream information becoming available or updated.

Baseline levels of potential contaminants will be determined prior to operation of the ARMD.

Continued annual sampling will occur following startup of the ARMD. The following list of compounds will be sampled, and was approved by PADEP on March 12, 2016, with the understanding the list is dynamic and could be updated for future sampling events.

Acidity Aluminum (Al) Arsenic (As)

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Barium (Ba) Bismuth (Bi) Cadmium (Cd) Chloride (Cl) Chromium (Cr) Copper (Cu) Fluoride (F) Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb) Mercury (Hg) Molybdenum (Mo) Nitrates/Nitrites (NO2/NO3) Perchlorate (ClO4) pH (in-situ for water) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Selenium (Se) Silica (aka silicon dioxide) (SiO2) Silver (Ag) Sulfur/sulfate (S/SO4) Turbidity (in-situ for water) Tin (Sn) Volatile organic compounds (VOC) – see Appendix A for compound list Zirconium (Zr)

The sample locations for this sampling investigation were determined by PADEP after discussion and concurrence with the principal decision makers. A final well location map and well installation details were submitted in the Weston Solutions, Inc. (Weston), Final Work Plan letter report submitted December 2, 2015 and approved by PADEP March 1, 2016. The PADEP approval letter and well installation plan are included as Attachment A. Concurrence with these locations was also confirmed with PADEP in February 2016. The sample location map is provided as Figure 3.

APPROVED-AT/FP OFFICER

APPROVED-ENV COORDINATOR

APPROVED-SAFETY OFFICE

APPROVED-FIRE CHIEF

APPROVED-

DATE

DRAWING NUMBER

OFSHEET

SCALE: DATE:APPROVED

COMMANDING

DATE

APPROVED DATE

CH ENGR & PLAN DIV

APPR:

DATE

SUBMITTED BY

CHECKED BY

TRACED BY

DRAWN BY

PROJECT NUMBER

DATE:

REV DATE DESCRIPTION BY

AS SHOWN

WCK

SITE PLAN

SK-2073

27 JAN 15

DATE

DATE

DATE

DATE

DATE

DATE 1 1

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

OFFICE OF ENGINEERING AND PLANNING DIVISION

LETTERKENNY ARMY DEPOT

CHAMBERSBURG, PA

FIGURE 3 1 REDUCTION OF SOIL SAMPLES

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Soil baseline samples will be collected at 9 locations along the ARMD fenceline boundary, the three buildings (confined burn building, the preparation building, and the segmentation building), and within the central area of ARMD, to represent background conditions. Annual soil samples will be collected at the same three locations near the buildings used in the ARMD process, and the same two locations of the central area of ARMD, for a total of 5 annual sample locations.

Four monitoring wells will be installed for baseline and annual groundwater sampling, one upgradient and three downgradient of the ARMD. The monitoring wells will be 2 inch diameter, stickup type wells (as opposed to flush mounts at ground surface). Two stormwater runoff locations will be sampled, for stormwater runoff and runoff sediment, to establish baseline and annual stormwater runoff conditions. Four surface water locations identified in the vicinity of the ARMD will be sampled for the baseline and annually. These four surface water locations align with seasonal streams.

Per PADEP request, up to four baseline sampling events will be performed, preferably one in each quarter, prior to start of the ARMD. If quarterly sampling is not feasible with the schedule for construction and start of operation, LEAD will perform up to four baseline sampling events in the time allowed with as much seasonal spacing as is practical. A minimum of two baseline sampling events is needed to provide sufficient data for statistical analysis. Table 2 summarizes the sample location, media type, sampling event and sampling rationale.

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TABLE 2

PROPOSED SOIL, SURFACE WATER, GROUNDWATER, STORMWATER RUNOFF, AND

RUNOFF SEDIMENT SAMPLE LOCATION AND SAMPLING RATIONALE

LOCATION NAME

(MAP ID)

GENERAL LOCATION MEDIA SAMPLING EVENT RATIONALE

ARMD MW1

(MW1) EAST OF ARMD GROUNDWATER BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES UPGRADIENT BASELINE AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD MW2

(MW2) WEST OF ARMD GROUNDWATER BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES DOWNGRADIENT BASELINE AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD MW3

(MW3) SOUTHWEST OF ARMD GROUNDWATER BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES DOWNGRADIENT BASELINE AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD MW4

(MW4) SOUTH OF ARMD GROUNDWATER BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES DOWNGRADIENT BASELINE AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SW1

(SW 1D) SOUTHWEST OF ARMD SURFACE WATER BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES DOWNGRADIENT BASELINE AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SW2

(SW 2D) SOUTHWEST OF ARMD SURFACE WATER BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES DOWNGRADIENT BASELINE AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SW3

(SW 3D) SOUTHWEST OF ARMD SURFACE WATER BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES DOWNGRADIENT BASELINE AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SW4

(SW U) NORTHWEST OF ARMD SURFACE WATER BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES UPGRADIENT BASELINE AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD A

(A) SOUTH OF ARMD

STORMWATER

RUNOFF

BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES BASELINE BACKGROUND AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

RUNOFF

SEDIMENT

BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES BASELINE BACKGROUND AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD B

(B) SOUTHEAST OF ARMD

STORMWATER

RUNOFF

BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES BASELINE BACKGROUND AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

RUNOFF

SEDIMENT

BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES BASELINE BACKGROUND AND ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SL01

(1) NORTHEAST FENCELINE SOIL BASELINE ESTABLISHES BACKGROUND BASELINE CONTAMINANT

CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SL02

(2) NORTHWEST FENCELINE SOIL BASELINE ESTABLISHES BACKGROUND BASELINE CONTAMINANT

CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SL03

(3)

SOUTHWEST FENCELINE SOIL BASELINE ESTABLISHES BACKGROUND BASELINE CONTAMINANT

CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SL04

(4)

SOUTHEAST FENCELINE SOIL BASELINE ESTABLISHES BACKGROUND BASELINE CONTAMINANT

CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD ESP, Letterkenny Army Depot 15 Revision 1, 5/5/2016

TABLE 2

RUNOFF SEDIMENT SAMPLE LOCATION AND SAMPLING RATIONALE

ARMD SL05

(5) WEST PREPARATION BLDG SOIL BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES BACKGROUND BASELINE AND CHANGE IN ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SL06

(6)

EAST BURN CHAMBER

BLDG SOIL BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES BACKGROUND BASELINE AND CHANGE IN ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SL07

(7)

CENTRAL ARMD EAST SOIL BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES BACKGROUND BASELINE AND CHANGE IN ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SL08

(8)

CENTRAL ARMD SOUTH SOIL BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES BACKGROUND BASELINE AND CHANGE IN ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD SL09

(9)

NORTH SEGMENTATION

BLDG SOIL BASELINE

ANNUAL

ESTABLISHES BACKGROUND BASELINE AND CHANGE IN ANNUAL

CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS

ARMD ESP, Letterkenny Army Depot 16 Revision 1, 5/5/2016

6.2 TECHNICAL OR REGULATORY STANDARDS

Existing environmental data for the area of the ARMD is limited. This investigation includes baseline sampling, which will establish existing concentrations of the indicator compounds. At this time operations have not begun, no releases have occurred, and remediation is not applicable. Data from the baseline and annual sampling events will be statistically evaluated together to form the context of indicator compound concentrations and how they exist and change in the environment at the ARMD.

40 CFR Part 264, Subpart F, and by reference Part 261, establishes requirements for Releases from Solid Waste Management Units. Under 264 Subpart F, LEAD will initially implement a detection monitoring program. This ESP, addressing baseline and annual sampling, fulfills the monitoring requirement. If hazardous constituents are detected additional programs or actions may be instituted. For example, per Section 91, if a hazardous constituent is detected (defined as statistically significant evidence of contamination) at a compliance point a compliance monitoring program will be instituted. If a groundwater protection standard is exceeded (defined as statistically significant evidence of increased contamination), a corrective action program will be instituted. If a hazardous constituent exceeds concentration limits in groundwater between the point of compliance and the downgradient facility property boundary, a corrective action program will be instituted.

Section 95 defines the point of compliance as the “vertical surface located at the hydraulically downgradient limit of the waste management area that extends down into the uppermost aquifer underlying the regulated units.” It is the monitoring location at which the groundwater protection standard applies. Section 95 also defines the waste management area. The waste management area limit of the ARMD has been established as the ARMD fenceline. The ARMD points of compliance will be the downgradient wells near the fenceline depicted on Figure 3 (MW2, MW3, or MW4). Actual groundwater flow, established through groundwater elevation measurements (see Section 6.6), will be used to generate contour maps and determine the downgradient flow. Sections 92, 93, and 94 address hazardous constituents and groundwater protection standards. Table 3 presents the maximum constituent concentration for groundwater protection, as established in Subpart F, Section 94.

In determining whether statistically significant evidence of contamination exists, or that there is evidence of a statistically significant increase in contamination, data collected at the compliance points will be compared to background groundwater quality data. Data collected from any of the four wells prior to startup of the ARMD will be treated as background data. Once the ARMD is operating, background data is expected only from the upgradient well (MW1), though this would not preclude the use of data from the downgradient wells.

ARMD ESP, Letterkenny Army Depot 17 Revision 1, 5/5/2016

TABLE 3

40 CFR PART 264.94

MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF CONSTITUENTS FOR GROUNDWATER PROTECTION

Constituent Maximum concentration (mg/L)

Arsenic 0.05 Barium 1.0 Cadmium 0.01 Chromium 0.05 Lead 0.05 Mercury 0.002 Selenium 0.01 Silver 0.05 Endrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,7-epoxy 1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9a-octahydro-1, 4-endo, endo-5,8-dimethano naphthalene) 0.0002

Lindane (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma isomer) 0.004 Methoxychlor (1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis (p-methoxyphenylethane) 0.1 Toxaphene (C10H10Cl6, Technical chlorinated camphene, 67-69 percent chlorine) 0.005

2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 0.1 2,4,5-TP Silvex (2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxypropionic acid) 0.01 Source: (CFR 2016a)

While data will generally be reviewed relative to background (baseline) versus annual and/or upgradient versus downgradient, the data will also be compared to Pennsylvania and EPA requirements and guidance for groundwater, surface water, and soil quality. This comparison is for reference only and will be performed to establish existing baseline concentrations do not show elevated concentrations; or that if elevated concentrations exist in the background that they cannot be attributed to the ARMD. It should be noted that samples containing high concentrations will be resampled within 10 days to confirm the analysis, or identify the sample as a potential outlier. This comparison may spot potential increasing concentration trends, and thus minimize environmental impacts by taking action before significant degradation occurs and remediation would be necessary. The applicability of Pennsylvania and EPA standards and guidelines to the ARMD can be established by PADEP at a later date should it be deemed necessary.

Table 4 presents Pennsylvania and EPA standards and guidelines for groundwater, surface water, and soil quality. Pennsylvania sets Medium-Specific Concentrations (MSC) for soil and water.

EPA sets federal maximum contaminant levels (MCL) or secondary standards, which are set national primary drinking water standards, and secondary drinking water standards, and industrial soil screening levels (SSL). Data collected for this project will be of a resolution sufficient for comparison to the values presented in Table 4. This is further discussed in Section

6.4 Analytical Methods and Detection Limits.

ARMD ESP, Letterkenny Army Depot 18 Revision 1, 5/5/2016

TABLE 4

PENNSYLVANIA AND U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

Pennsylvania Code 250, Appendix A, Medium-Specific Concentrations

Analyte CASRN Groundwater MSC Soil MSC Used NR Units NR Units

Aluminum 7429-90-5 200 µg/L 190,000 C mg/kg Arsenic 0-2 feet 2-15 feet

7440-38-2 10 µg/L 53 G

190,000 C mg/kg

Barium 7440-39-3 2,000 µg/L 190,000 C mg/kg Bismuth NA NA NA NA NA Cadmium 0-2 feet 2-15 feet

7440-43-9 5 µg/L 1,400 G

Chloride 7647-14-5 250,000 µg/L NA NA Chromium (III) 16065-83-1 NA NA 190,000 C mg/kg Chromium (VI) 0-2 feet 2-15 feet

18540-29-9 NA NA

8,400 G 20,000 N

Chromium (Total) 7440-47-3 100 µg/L NA NA Copper 0-2 feet 2-15 feet

7440-50-8 1,000 µg/L 100,000 G

Fluoride 0-2 feet 2-15 feet

16984-48-8 4,000 µg/L 110,000 G 190,000 G

Iron 7439-89-6 300 µg/L 190,000 C mg/kg Lead 0-2 feet 2-15 feet

7439-92-1 5 µg/L 1,000 S

Mercury 0-2 feet 2-15 feet

7439-97-6 2 µg/L 450 G

Molybdenum 0-2 feet 2-15 feet

7439-98-7 40 µg/L 14,000 G

Nitrate as nitrogen 14797-55-8 10,000 µg/L NA NA Nitrite as nitrogen 14797-65-0 1,000 µg/L NA NA Perchlorate 0-2 feet 2-15 feet

7790-98-9 15 µg/L 2,000 G

Phosphorus NA NA NA NA NA Potassium NA NA NA NA NA Selenium 0-2 feet 2-15 feet

7782-49-2 50 µg/L

Silica NA NA NA NA NA Silver 0-2 feet 2-15 feet

7440-22-4 100 µg/L

ARMD ESP, Letterkenny Army Depot 19 Revision 1, 5/5/2016

TABLE 4 (Continued)

Pennsylvania Code 250, Appendix A, Medium-Specific Concentrations

Analyte CASRN Groundwater MSC Soil MSC Used NR Units NR Units

Sulfur/sulfate 7757-82-6 250,000 µg/L NA NA Tin 7440-31-5 61,000 µg/L 190,000 C mg/kg Zirconium NA NA NA NA NA Notes:

Assume groundwater TDS is less than or equal to 2,500 Aluminum, chloride, iron, and sulfur/sulfate groundwater MSC is secondary contaminant designated as a secondary maximum contaminant level.

C Cap G Ingestion N Inhalation S SEGH Model MSC Medium-specific concentration NR Non-residential Used Used aquifer

Source: (Pa. Code 2016b)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standards and Screening Levels

Analyte

Water Soil

MCLG

MCL

Secondary Standard

Soil Screening Level

(mg/kg) Aluminum NA NA 0.05 – 0.2 mg/L 1.1E+06 Arsenic 0 mg/L 0.010 mg/L NA 3.0E+00 Barium 2 mg/L 2 mg/L NA 2.2E+05 Bismuth NA NA NA NA Cadmium 0.005 mg/L 0.005 mg/L NA 9.8E+02 Chloride NA NA 250 mg/L NA Chromium (III) NA NA NA 1.8E+06 Chromium (VI) NA NA NA 6.3E+00 Chromium (Total) 0.1 mg/L 0.1 mg/L NA NA Copper 1.3 mg/L 1.3 mg/L

Action Level

1.0 mg/L 4.7E+04

Fluoride 4.0 mg/L 4.0 mg/L 2.0 mg/L 4.7E+04 Iron NA NA 0.3 mg/L 8.2E+05 Lead and Compounds 0 mg/L 0.015 mg/L

Action Level

NA 8.0E+02

Mercury (elemental) 0.002 mg/L 0.002 mg/L NA 4.6E+01 Molybdenum NA NA NA 5.8E+03 Nitrate (measured as nitrogen)

10 mg/L 10 mg/L NA 1.9E+05

Nitrite (measured as nitrogen)

1 mg/L 1 mg/L NA 1.2E+04

Perchlorate 15 µg/L Pending NA 8.2E+01 pH NA NA 6.5 – 8.5 NA Phosphorus (White) NA NA NA 2.3E+01 Potassium NA NA NA NA Selenium 0.05 mg/L 0.05 mg/L NA 5.8E+03 Silica NA NA NA 1.8E+07 Silver NA NA 0.1 mg/L 5.8E+03

ARMD ESP, Letterkenny Army Depot 20 Revision 1, 5/5/2016

TABLE 4 (Continued)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standards and Screening Levels

Analyte

Water Soil

MCLG

MCL

Secondary Standard

Soil Screening Level

(mg/kg) Sulfur/sulfate NA NA 250 mg/L NA Tin NA NA NA 7.0E+05 Zirconium NA NA NA 9.3E+01 Notes:

MCL Maximum Contaminant Level – The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to

MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology and taking cost into consideration. MCLs are enforceable standards.

MCLG Maximum Contaminant Level Goal – The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety and are non-enforceable public health goals.

mg/L milligrams per liter Secondary Standard – National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations are non-enforceable guidelines regulating contaminants that may cause cosmetic effects or aesthetic effects in drinking water.

Soil screening level is for industrial soil, and is taken from Region 3 Regional Screening Levels table for contaminants at CERCLA sites.

Sources: (EPA 2016) and (EPA 2015)

6.3 PROJECT TIMELINE

Table 5 summarizes the outline for schedule of sampling, analysis, and reporting for this project.

Dates and times for these milestones will be determined by the principal decision makers at a future date. Monitoring well installation is not addressed in this ESP, but is required prior to sampling activities. Monitoring well installation will be performed by a licensed driller according to PADEP codes and regulations and will generally follow Chapters 2 and 3 of the PADEP “Groundwater Guidance Manual” (PADEP, 2001). The well installation plan including groundwater monitoring wells relative to this project was submitted to PADEP in December 2015 and provides additional details, see Attachment A (Weston, 2015).

TABLE 5

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR SAMPLING, ANALYSIS, AND REPORTING

Milestone Due Date Anticipated Date Monitoring Well Installation Following well installation plan approval by

PADEP

May 16, 2016

Field investigation TBD days following monitoring well installation TBD Baseline summary report 60 days after completion of baseline field work TBD Electronic data deliverables TBD days after completion of baseline field work TBD Annual Sampling & Deliverables

As required by PADEP TBD

ARMD ESP, Letterkenny Army Depot 21 Revision 1, 5/5/2016

6.4 ANALYTICAL METHODS AND REPORTING LIMITS

Pennsylvania Code presents information on establishing analytical methods, detection limits, and medium-specific concentrations under Chapters 16 and 250. The information in these codes has been referenced to establish the analytical methods and practical quantitation limits (PQL) used for this project.

Per Pennsylvania Code, the EPA estimated quantitation limits (EQL) found in the most current version of the EPA RCRA Manual SW-846 for soil listed as “low level soil” and for groundwater listed as “groundwater,” will be selected as the project PQLs.

Specifically the PQLs for inorganic compounds will be those values listed for analysis by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). However, lead, cadmium, and arsenic (all on the sample compound list) will use the EQL values listed for the atomic absorption graphite furnace methods for water as the project PQL. The mercury PQL will use the EQL value listed for the cold vapor method. For organic compounds, the PQLs will be the EQLs listed for the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Pennsylvania Code presents approved EPA analytical methods and detection limits in Title 25, Chapter 16, Subchapter B. Additionally, analytical methods and their associated reporting limits were presented in the depot-wide QAPP that supports environmental analytical services for environmental activities at LEAD (Weston, 2003), and which have been included in Attachment B.

The following parameters will be sampled for in soil, surface water, groundwater, stormwater runoff and runoff sediment. Anticipated analyses for these samples include the methods listed.

Additionally, water pH will be measured in-situ in the flow through cell for groundwater or from the surface water body. Dissolved metals, including bismuth and zirconium, will be field filtered with a disposable, inline, 0.45µm filter at the time of sample collection. Turbidity will also be measured in-situ.

Acidity – SW846 Method 9045D/2310B or EPA 3050B/3052 Aluminum (Al) – SW846 Method 6020B or EPA 200.7/200.8 Arsenic (As) – SW846 Method 7010 or EPA 200.9 Barium (Ba) – SW846 Method 6020B or EPA 200.7/200.8 Bismuth (Bi) – SW846 Method 6010 or EPA 200.7 Cadmium (Cd) – SW846 Method 7010 or EPA 200.9 Chloride (Cl) – SW846 Method 9056A or EPA 300.0/300.1/300.6 Chromium (Cr) – SW846 Method 6020B or EPA 200.7/200.8 Copper (Cu) – SW846 Method 6020B or EPA 200.7/200.8 Fluoride (F) – SW846 Method 9056A or EPA 300.0/300.1/300.6 Iron (Fe) – SW846 Method 6020B or EPA 200.7 Lead (Pb) – SW846 Method 7010 or EPA 200.9 Mercury (Hg) – SW846 Method 7470A liquid & 7471B solids or EPA 245.1/245.2 Molybdenum (Mo) – SW846 Method 6020B or EPA 200.7/200.8

ARMD ESP, Letterkenny Army Depot 22 Revision 1, 5/5/2016

Nitrates/Nitrites (NO2/NO3) – SW846 Method 9056A or EPA 300.0/300.1/300.6 Perchlorate (ClO4) – SW846 Method 6850/6860 Phosphorus (P) – SW846 Method 6010 or EPA 300.0 Potassium (K) – SW846 Method 6020B or EPA 300.7 Selenium (Se) – SW846 Method 6020B or EPA 200.7/200.8 Silica (aka silicon dioxide) (SiO2) – 6010D Silver (Ag) – SW846 Method 6020B or EPA 200.7/200.8 Sulfur/sulfate (S/SO4)) – SW846 Method 9056A or EPA 300.0 Tin (Sn) – SW846 Method 6020B or EPA 200.7 Volatile organic compounds (VOC) – SW846 Method 8260C Zirconium (Zr) - SW846 Method 6200

Potential laboratories for this investigation will be selected from a list of PADEP accredited laboratories developed by CONTRACTOR. LEAD will select and approve the final laboratory or laboratories for this field investigation. Table 6 presents the anticipated sample volume, containers, hold times and preservatives for each sample media. The CONTRACTOR and contracted laboratory will be responsible for finalizing the analytical method, containers, holding times, and reporting limits.

ARMD ESP, Letterkenny Army Depot 23 Revision 1, 5/5/2016

TABLE 6

SAMPLES VOLUMES, CONTAINERS, PRESERVATIVES, AND HOLDING TIMES

Analysis Sample Volume Container Preservative Holding Time

Soil/Sediment Metals 4 oz Glass jar w/ Teflon lid NA, Cool to 4 °C 6 months; Hg 28 days VOC 4 oz

3 – Encore Sampler Glass jar w/ Teflon lid OR Encore sample

NA, Cool to 4 °C No headspace

14 days Encore – 48 hr to extraction

Perchlorate 4 oz Glass jar w/ Teflon lid NA, Cool to 4 °C 28 days Acidity 4 oz Glass jar OR quart bag NA, Cool to 4 °C 14 days Bismuth 4 oz Plastic jar OR quart bag NA, Cool to 4 °C 6 months Phosphorus 4 oz Glass jar w/ Teflon lid NA, Cool to 4 °C 28 days Nitrate/Nitrite 4 oz Glass jar w/ Teflon lid NA, Cool to 4 °C 7 days Sulfur/sulfate 4 oz Glass jar w/ Teflon lid NA, Cool to 4 °C 28 days Chloride 4 oz Glass jar w/ Teflon lid NA, Cool to 4 °C 28 days Fluoride 4 oz Glass jar w/ Teflon lid NA, Cool to 4 °C 28 days Silica (Silicon dioxide) 4 oz Glass jar w/ Teflon lid NA, Cool to 4 °C 6 months Zirconium 4 oz Glass jar w/ Teflon lid NA, Cool to 4 °C 6 months Water Metals 1 L Plastic bottle HNO3, Cool to 4 °C 6 months; Hg 28 days VOC 3 – 40 mL VOA Amber, septum-capped glass

VOA vial HCL, Cool to 4 °C No headspace

14 days

Perchlorate 1 L Glass / plastic bottle NA, Cool to 4 °C 28 days…