Appendix_B_SDDOT Technical Specification.pdf

Crest Road Asphalt Surface Treatment and Joint Sealant/Repair

Gavins Point Project

Appendix “B”

SDDOT Technical Specification

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR

ROADS AND BRIDGES

Version:

10-1-2025

SOUTH DAKOTA

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

330 PRIME, TACK, FOG SEAL, AND FLUSH SEAL

330.1 DESCRIPTION

This work consists of preparing and treating a prepared surface with asphalt material and sand as required.

330.2 MATERIALS

Materials will conform to the following Sections:

A. Asphalt: Section 890.

B. Blotting Sand for Prime: Section 879.

C. Sand for Flush Seal: Section 879.

D. Sand for Fog Seal: Section 879.

330.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

A. Weather and Seasonal Requirements:

Application will be made only during daylight hours, when the wind does not adversely affect the spraying operation and when the following conditions are met:

1. Asphalt for Prime: The application of asphalt for prime will be permitted only:

a. When the ambient air and surface temperatures on the project are both at least 60 F in the shade.

b. When conditions are dry.

When plans call for prime on interim surfacing, the prime application will closely follow the base finishing operation and at no time will the prime operation be more than 3 miles from the base finishing operation. The cure time for the processed base, prime, and blotting sand application will be determined by the Engineer.

Surfaces primed with cutback asphalt will be allowed to cure for a minimum of 72 hours prior to being overlaid with asphalt concrete.

2. Asphalt for Tack: The application of asphalt for tack will be permitted only:

a. When the ambient air and surface temperature on the project are both at least 35 F in the shade.

b. When conditions are dry, except emulsified asphalt may be applied when the surface is slightly damp.

3. Asphalt for Fog Seal: The application of asphalt for fog seal will be permitted only:

a. When the ambient air and surface temperature on the project are both at least 60 F in the shade.

b. When conditions are dry.

c. Fog seal application will begin after the asphalt surface treatment is cured and will not begin prior to completing final brooming. Fog seal application will be completed no later than 7 calendar days following asphalt surface treatment application.

4. Asphalt for Flush Seal: The application of asphalt for flush seal will be permitted only:

a. Between May 1 and November 1, inclusive.

b. When ambient air and surface temperatures on the project are both at least 50 F in the shade.

c. When the surface is dry or slightly damp.

B. Dilution of Tack, Fog Seal, and Flush Seal: Emulsified asphalt for tack, fog seal, and flush seal with a specified application rate of 0.07 gallons per square yard or less may be diluted.

The rate of dilution for tack will be at a ratio of at least 1 part emulsion to no more than 1 part added water (1:1 ratio minimum) by volume, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.

The rate of dilution for fog seal and flush seal will be at a ratio of not more than 3 parts emulsion to 1 part added water (3:1 ratio maximum) by volume to not less than 1 part emulsion to 1 part added water (1:1 ratio) by volume, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.

The emulsion will be uniformly mixed by adding potable water and if necessary, agitating the mixture. The amount of emulsion and any added water will be included on the ticket delivered to the project. If the emulsion is diluted, the emulsified asphalt supplier will perform the dilution.

Dilution of asphalt emulsion in the field will not be allowed unless approved by the Engineer. Field dilution of the emulsified asphalt will only be allowed when the rate of dilution is accurately controlled and reported to the Engineer. Field dilution will be performed as recommended by the emulsified asphalt supplier.

The final rate of dilution will not be less than the minimum ratio of at least 1 part emulsion to no more than 1 part added water (1:1 ratio minimum).

Diluted emulsified asphalt for tack, fog seal, and flush seal will be applied at an adjusted rate proportional to the dilution ratio resulting in application of the specified rate of emulsion. Emulsified asphalt for tack, fog seal, or flush seal with a specified rate exceeding 0.07 gallons per square yard will not be diluted.

The storage tank for diluted emulsified asphalt must utilize a recirculation system or agitator that will prevent settlement or separation of the material.

C. Equipment:

The following minimum equipment will be furnished by the Contractor.

1. Brooms:

a. Pickup Broom: In curb and gutter sections or in rural sections where a finished and maintained lawn extends to the edge of the shoulder, the Contractor must use a pickup broom with an integral self-contained storage. The pickup broom must be a minimum of 6 feet wide. The sweeping operation must remove all loose material, including loose material from the gutter.

b. Rotary Power Broom: A rotary power broom may be used in all other areas.

2. Heating Equipment: Equipment for heating the asphalt material in or at the tank car, transport truck, or distributor will be designed and constructed to heat the material without burning, scorching, or overheating, and with positive control of the heat. The introduction of steam directly into the material will not be permitted.

3. Distributors: Distributors used to apply the asphalt material will be self-propelled, equipped with pressure type mechanical circulating pumps and valves, a heating system and insulated tank, which will provide the uniform required temperature throughout the entire contents of the distributor tank. The distributor will have a capacity of at least 800 gallons. Detachable distributor units separate from the tank will not be allowed.

The distributor will uniformly apply the heated asphalt material to the road surface in accurately measured quantities and maintain the specified rate of application during the distribution of the entire tank-load, regardless of change in gradient, superelevation, direction, or content level in the tank. Calibration runs for verification will be made at the start of the work.

The spray nozzles will be designed, sized, and arranged to ensure uniform distribution of heated asphalt material at the designated rate, in an overlapping fan shaped spray without surge, streaks, ridges, or bare spots. A strainer will be provided in the discharge line to prevent nozzles from clogging. The output of each and every nozzle on the bar will be the same and a test will be made, in advance of use to determine compliance with this requirement. Different sizes, heights, pressures, and settings of nozzles for different designated rates will be provided.

The distributor will be equipped with a tachometer, clearly visible to the operator, which accurately shows the speed in feet per minute.

Pressure metering distributors will be furnished with an accurate pressure gauge showing the distribution pressure. Volume metering distributors will be furnished with a pump tachometer or meter showing the volume furnished. The distributor will include an accurate, mercury actuated thermometer showing the temperature of the material in the tank and a contents gauge showing the number of gallons in the tank at any content level.

The distributor will be equipped with adjustable spray bars arranged so the application width will be available in 2 foot intervals.

The distributor spray bars will be capable of operating at a constant controlled height and will be of the full circulating type. Each nozzle of the distributor bar will be equipped with a cutoff valve, which immediately stops the flow without dripping. Compliance with these requirements must be proven before the distributor can be used.

D. Surface Preparation: The surface will be thoroughly swept and cleaned of all foreign material.

Appurtenances immediately adjacent to the surface to be treated will be protected from the splatter of asphalt. Manhole covers, water shut valves, and other utility access points will be covered to ensure liquid asphalt is not applied to them, as directed by the Engineer. Surfaces to receive a prime coat will be satisfactorily compacted and cured.

E. Application of Asphalt: During application the temperature of the asphalt will be maintained within the temperature range furnished by the asphalt supplier. Asphalt will be applied by a pressure distributor in a uniform and continuous manner. Coverage will be made to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

Unauthorized increases in rate of application will not be eligible for payment.

The angle of the spray nozzles and the height of the spray bar will be set to obtain uniform distribution. The distributor will travel at the established speed when the spray bar is opened. Areas inaccessible to the distributor will be covered by hand spray methods. When the distributor is not in operation, it will be parked off the roadbed or drip pans will be placed under the spray bar.

The tack coat will be allowed to break (turn from brown to black) and will be allowed a cure period, as determined by the Engineer, ahead of mat laydown. Tack application ahead of mat laydown will be limited by job conditions and will not exceed the amount estimated for the current day's operation.

Tacked areas, which become unsatisfactory as a result of traffic, weather, or other conditions, will be retacked. Required retacking which is not the fault of the Contractor will be paid for at the contract unit price for tack asphalt.

F. Application of Sand: Blotting of prime will be accomplished by broom sweeping or spreading sand on the primed surface with a mechanical spreader. Hand spreading will be permitted on odd shaped or inaccessible areas. Application of sand will not be permitted until the prime has set for at least 24 hours, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.

The fresh application of asphalt for flush seal will be covered with a uniform spread of sand immediately behind the distributor. The sand will be placed by a self-powered aggregate spreader with positive controls or other equipment acceptable to the Engineer. The sand will be placed uniformly on the asphalt application. Rolling will not be required. The finished surface will be smooth riding without transverse or longitudinal ridges and will present a uniform satisfactory appearance.

Bleeding areas will be resanded. Rough and nonuniform areas will be corrected.

When applying fog seal coats, a light application of sand may be ordered by the Engineer to prevent material pick up. If ordered, the sand will be placed by a self-powered aggregate spreader with positive controls or other equipment acceptable to the Engineer. The sand will be placed uniformly on the asphalt application. Rolling will not be required. The finished surface will be smooth riding without transverse or longitudinal ridges and will present a uniform satisfactory appearance. Bleeding areas will be resanded. Rough and nonuniform areas will be corrected.

The loose sand material remaining on the surface will be lightly broomed off after a waiting period of twenty-four hours from the time of application or as otherwise directed by the Engineer. Excess material in curb and gutter sections will be broomed towards the gutter and will be picked up and disposed of by the Contractor.

Unauthorized increases in rate of application will not be eligible for payment.

G. Temporary Traffic Control: The Contractor will provide flaggers, signs, and barriers to warn, direct, and prevent traffic from traveling on the freshly applied asphalt until it has penetrated, and does not track or pickup on the tires of traveling vehicles or the surface has been blotted with sand.

Temporary traffic control will conform to Section 634.

330.4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

A. Asphalt: Asphalt will be measured to the nearest 0.1 ton.

B. Blotting Sand for Prime: Blotting sand for prime will be measured to the nearest 0.1 ton.

C. Sand for Flush Seal: Sand for flush seal will be measured to the nearest 0.1 ton.

D. Sand for Fog Seal: Sand for fog seal will be measured to the nearest 0.1 ton.

330.5 BASIS OF PAYMENT

A. Asphalt: Asphalt will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton complete in place. Separate payment will not be made for water for dilution of emulsified asphalt.

B. Blotting Sand for Prime: Blotting sand for prime will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton complete in place. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing, installing, and all incidentals required to complete the work.

C. Sand for Flush Seal: Sand for flush seal will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton complete in place. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing, installing, and all incidentals required to complete the work.

D. Sand for Fog Seal: Sand for fog seal will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton complete in place. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing, installing, and all incidentals required to complete the work.

350 ASPHALT CONCRETE CRACK SEALING

350.1 DESCRIPTION

This work will consist of routing and sealing transverse and longitudinal cracks in an asphalt concrete roadway surface with the specified sealant.

350.2 MATERIALS

Asphalt concrete crack sealant will conform to Section 871.

350.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

A. Routing

1. Routing equipment will be mechanical, power driven, and capable of cutting a reservoir to the required dimensions. Equipment designed to plow the cracks to dimension will not be permitted.

2. Cracks which are less than 3/4 inch in width or depth will require routing to a width and depth of 3/4 to 7/8 inch.

3. Cracks which are 3/4 inch or greater in width and depth will not require routing but will be thoroughly cleaned of foreign material to a depth equal to the width of the crack.

4. The walls of the finished reservoir will be vertical, and the reservoir bottom will be flat.

5. Routing will not be allowed when the roadway is wet.

B. Cleaning

1. Cleaning will be accomplished with an air compressor producing a minimum of 125 cubic feet per minute output and equipped with a maximum 3/4 inch nozzle. The air compressors will be equipped with traps capable of removing all free water and oil from the compressed air.

2. Reservoirs and cracks will be thoroughly cleaned of dust, dirt, and loose materials so the reservoir is clean and dry at the time the blocking medium or sealant is applied.

3. If a routed reservoir or crack is left overnight, the reservoir will be re-cleaned immediately before the blocking medium or sealant is applied.

4. The routed asphalt concrete and foreign material resulting from the reservoir preparation will be removed from the roadway surface before an area is opened to traffic.

C. Sealing

1. Cracks 3/8 inches or greater in width, which exist below the routed and cleaned reservoir, will be filled with a blocking medium to ensure a nominal sealant depth equal to the width of the reservoir.

2. Sealant material will be placed within 72 hours of routing.

3. There will be no visible signs of moisture on the roadway surface or in the reservoir at the time the sealant is applied.

4. The sealant handling, mixing, and application temperature restrictions will conform to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

5. Sealant will be applied with a pressure type applicator.

6. When applying the sealant on all transverse cracks and any longitudinal cracks that are located more than 12 inches from a lane line, the reservoir will be overfilled and squeegeed to provide a film of sealant on the roadway surface 1 to 2 inches on both sides of the reservoir. When applying the sealant on longitudinal cracks that are located within 12 inches of a lane line, the reservoir will be overfilled and squeegeed to provide a film of sealant on the roadway surface up to 1 inch on both sides of the reservoir.

7. The squeegee will be a "U" shaped device which will produce a full, uniform, and neat appearing reservoir and adjoining surface area. Other type devices will require prior approval by the Engineer.

8. A blotting material, such as toilet tissue, or an approved de-tacking agent will be placed over the sealant material immediately after placement at intersections, superelevated curves, urban areas, grades steeper than 4%, and other locations specified on the plans. Blotting material or an approved de-tacking agent will be required when traffic is allowed to cross a sealed area before track free status has been achieved.

9. The Contractor will repair or refill, at the Contractor’s expense, any part of a sealed reservoir damaged by traffic.

D. Seasonal and Temperature Limitations

1. Routing and sealing of asphalt concrete surfaces will be permitted only during daylight hours between April 1 and June 30 (inclusive) and between August 15 and November 30 (inclusive).

2. Application of the sealant material will only be allowed when the pavement surface temperature is at least 35 F and rising.

3. Application of the sealant material will only be allowed when the ambient air temperature is between 40 F and 85 F.

4. Application of the sealant material will only be allowed when the relative humidity is less than 75%.

E. General

1. Only one-half of the roadway will be worked on at a time unless a traffic control plan to work full width is submitted by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer.

2. Routing and crack sealing will be considered as one work zone. A work zone will not exceed 2 miles in length at any one time.

350.4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

Asphalt concrete crack sealing will be measured by the pound of sealant used. The manufacturer's weight of the sealant will be accepted as the basis for measurement.

Quantities of asphalt concrete crack sealing with a manufacturer’s unit weight in excess of the specified unit weight will be reduced to the specified maximum unit weight prior to measurement for payment.

350.5 BASIS OF PAYMENT

Asphalt concrete crack sealing will be paid at the contract unit price per pound and will be full compensation for routing and for furnishing, heating, placing, and blotting the sealant. Blocking medium will be incidental to the asphalt concrete crack sealing. Traffic control will be paid at the contract unit price.

360 ASPHALT SURFACE TREATMENT

360.1 DESCRIPTION

This work consists of an application of asphalt covered with a spread of cover aggregate.

360.2 MATERIALS

A. Asphalt: Asphalt will conform to Section 890.

B. Cover Aggregate: Cover aggregate will conform to Section 881.

360.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

A. Weather and Seasonal Requirements: Surface treatment operations will be permitted only during daylight hours, when conditions are dry, when wind does not adversely affect the spraying operation, and when overnight low air temperatures within 24 hours of the planned application are forecasted to be at least 45°F.

Minimum temperatures and seasonal limitations are as follows:

Minimum Temperature and Seasonal Limitations

Cover Aggregates Air and Surface

Temperature (in the shade and rising)

Seasonal Limitations (dates are inclusive)

Type 1 60°F May 15 – Aug. 31 Type 2 60°F May 15 – Aug. 31 Type 3 60°F May 15 – Sept. 15

B. Equipment: The following equipment will be furnished:

1. Broom:

a. Pickup Broom: In curb and gutter sections or in rural sections where a finished and maintained lawn extends to the edge of the shoulder, the Contractor will use a pickup broom with an integral self-contained storage. The pickup broom must be a minimum of 6 feet wide.

While sweeping in curb and gutter sections, the sweeping operation must remove all loose material, including loose material from the gutter.

b. Rotary Power Broom: A rotary power broom may be used in all other areas.

2. Equipment for heating and applying the asphalt conforming to the requirements of Section 330.3 C.

3. A self-propelled aggregate spreader, with positive controls capable of depositing the required quantity of aggregate uniformly over the full width of the asphalt application.

4. A minimum of four self-propelled pneumatic smooth tired rollers for each spreader in use. Each roller will completely cover an overall surface width of at least 60 inches and furnish a minimum uniform rolling weight (mass) of 250 pounds per of rolling width.

C. Cover Aggregate Preparation: Following production of the cover aggregate stockpile and at least 14 calendar days prior to starting the asphalt surface treatment, the Contractor will submit a sample of the cover aggregate to the asphalt supplier for evaluation of compatibility and design of the surface treatment. Prior to starting the surface treatment, the Contractor will submit a copy of the compatibility test results and the asphalt surface treatment design from the asphalt supplier to the Engineer and the Department’s Bituminous Engineer.

The Contractor will notify the Area Office a minimum of 5 calendar days prior to sampling and submitting the cover aggregates. Satisfactory quality test results for the cover aggregate will be obtained prior to use on the project.

D. Surface Preparation: The surface will be thoroughly swept and cleaned of all foreign material.

Appurtenances immediately adjacent to the surface to be treated will be protected from the splatter of asphalt. The Contractor will repair any damage to the satisfaction of the Engineer at no additional cost to the Department. Manhole covers, water shut valves, and other utility access points will be covered to ensure liquid asphalt is not applied to them, as directed by the Engineer. The methods used for covering will be removed after completion of the final asphalt surface treatment application.

Freshly primed bases will be cured prior to the application of surface treatments.

The Contractor will ensure transverse rumble strips are not damaged or otherwise modified to lose their functionality during the application of the surface treatment. The Contractor will only apply a fog seal to the rumble strips. The Contractor will repair any damage or loss of functionality of rumble strips to the satisfaction of the Engineer at no additional cost to the Department.

E. Application of Asphalt: The asphalt will be maintained within a temperature range of 120 F to 180 F during application. Asphalt will be applied by a pressure distributor in a uniform and continuous manner.

Unauthorized increases in the asphalt application rate will not be eligible for payment.

The angle of the spray nozzles and the height of the spray bar will be set to obtain uniform distribution. When starting and stopping emulsion application, a strip of building paper or other suitable material, at least 3 feet in width and at least 1 foot longer than the width of the spray bar, will be used to prevent a double application of emulsion. The distributor will travel at the established speed when the spray bar is opened. Skipped areas and deficiencies will be immediately corrected.

Areas inaccessible to the distributor will be satisfactorily covered by hand spray methods.

Spraying operations will not proceed when it is evident the asphalt spread will not be covered with aggregate and rolled all in accordance with the prescribed schedule.

F. Application of Cover Aggregate: Cover aggregate will be spread immediately following application of all rapid-setting emulsions. For wind conditions of 5 miles per hour or less, the cover aggregate will be spread within 5 minutes of the application of the medium-setting emulsion. For wind conditions greater than 5 miles per hour, the time may be reduced in the field to ensure the aggregate is applied before the medium setting emulsion breaks. Time limits for spreading of cover aggregate when using medium-setting emulsions will be adjusted as directed to satisfy project conditions. The aggregate will be applied before the emulsion begins to break (emulsion still brown in color).

A complete aggregate coverage will be continually maintained. A strip of asphalt application approximately 6 inches wide for a double overlap spray bar or 8 inches wide for a triple overlap spray bar, along that side of the spread forming a longitudinal joint with the adjacent spread will be left uncovered. The adjacent asphalt and cover aggregate application will overlap this strip. In lieu of this procedure a butt joint may be constructed using special end nozzles.

Longitudinal joints, other than at centerline, will not be permitted within the center 24 feet unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.

When loading trucks, the Contractor will screen the cover aggregate to minimize segregation, eliminate oversize, reduce aggregate dust, and effectively break up or discard material bonded into chunks. At the discretion of the Engineer, if the cover aggregate does not prove the need for screening, the screening requirement may be waived provided all test results and visual inspections produce satisfactory results. If segregation, oversize material, excessive dust, or material bonded into chunks becomes evident during cover aggregate placement, the Contractor will immediately resume screening of the cover aggregate. When required, aggregate will be uniformly moistened before or during loading.

Unauthorized increases in application rates will not be eligible for payment.

Prior to rolling, the contractor may be directed to adjust inequalities in the spread of Type 3 cover aggregate with a drag broom.

G. Rolling: Rolling will begin immediately behind the spreader and will consist of four complete coverages using pneumatic tired rollers. A complete coverage is defined as rolling full width in one direction. The rolling will be completed within 40 minutes after the cover aggregate is applied. Rollers will be operated in unison at a close interval, and if the width of spread allows, in a staggered formation. Rollers will not be operated at a speed in excess of 5 miles per hour. Asphalt and cover aggregate applications will not extend more than 1/2 mile beyond the rolling operation. With the use of minimum specified equipment, the project will be completed in 1/2 mile increments, except for the sweeping of excess cover aggregate. The weight and tire pressures of the rollers will be varied as directed to obtain optimum embedment of the cover material without undue crushing of the aggregate. Special attention will be given to the transverse and longitudinal joints during rolling.

Unsatisfactory joints will be corrected without additional compensation. Turning of rollers on the freshly treated surface is prohibited. Rolling at night or when light conditions would create a traffic hazard will not be allowed.

H. Traffic Control: Construction operations will be coordinated to minimize traffic delays. One-way traffic will be maintained during application of the surface treatment on driving lanes. Upon completion of rolling, traffic will be permitted to travel on the treated surface. Traffic will be controlled by pilot cars and flaggers during application of the surface treatment on driving lanes with the speed of pilot cars not to exceed 20 miles per hour on the freshly applied surface treatment for a period of at least 1 hour after application or until the asphalt surface treatment is sufficiently cured. Prior to moving the pilot car operation from the section of roadway, the Contractor will perform initial brooming in accordance with Section 360.3 I.

The width, arrangement, and sequence of the parallel application strips will not unduly inconvenience traffic.

I. Brooming: In curb and gutter sections and in areas where a finished and maintained lawn extends to the edge of the shoulder, the loose material will be swept up with a pickup broom. The pickup broom must be a minimum of 6 feet wide. The sweeping operation must remove all loose material, including loose material from the gutter. Brooming the material into a pile with a rotary broom for pickup will not be allowed. In sections without curb and gutter and in areas where a finished and maintained lawn does not extend to the edge of the shoulder, the loose material may be swept onto the roadway inslopes, as approved by the Engineer.

Broomed off material picked up by the Contractor will be disposed of at sites provided by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer.

1. Initial Brooming: The Contractor will perform initial brooming while traffic is maintained as described in Section 360.3 H. Initial brooming will consist of a light brooming of the surface to remove loose chips. The initial brooming will not cause damage to the asphalt surface treatment.

If initial brooming causes damage to the asphalt surface treatment, the Engineer, in the Engineer’s discretion, may require the Contractor to alter the initial brooming operation or to waive the initial brooming requirement.

2. Final Brooming: The Contractor will perform final brooming during a cool period of the following morning, within 24 hours of application, to remove all loose material remaining on the surface.

The brooming will include the entire surface of the asphalt surface treatment application, additional lane widths, intersections, and shoulders.

J. Maintenance and Repair: Areas of the surface treatment, which peel or are otherwise unsatisfactory, will be repaired with additional asphalt, cover aggregate, and rolling. Compensation for repairs due to causes beyond the control of the Contractor will be paid at the contract unit price for asphalt surface treatment.

The finished surface treatment will be uniform and smooth riding. Transverse or horizontal ridges, raveled spots, wheel marks, depressions, abrupt color changes, and other inequalities will be corrected. Payment will not be made for this correction work.

Asphalt splattered on roadway appurtenances will be satisfactorily cleaned off by the Contractor.

360.4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

A. Asphalt for Surface Treatment: Asphalt for surface treatment will be measured to the nearest 0.1 ton.

B. Cover Aggregate: Cover aggregate will be measured to the nearest 0.1 ton.

360.5 BASIS OF PAYMENT

A. Asphalt for Surface Treatment: Asphalt for surface treatment will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton.

B. Cover Aggregate: Cover aggregate specified will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton.

Payment will be full compensation for furnishing, installing, and all incidentals required to complete the work.

633 PAVEMENT MARKING

633.1 DESCRIPTION

This work consists of furnishing and applying pavement marking materials and surface grooving of Portland cement concrete pavement or asphalt concrete pavement.

633.2 MATERIALS

Materials will conform to the following Sections:

A. Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Markings and Legends: Section 983.

B. Paint: Section 980.

C. Glass Beads: Section 981.

633.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

A. Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking and Legends:

1. Prefabrication: Prefabricated legends and symbols will conform to the applicable shapes and sizes as outlined in the current edition of the MUTCD.

2. Width Tolerance: Width will be as specified with a tolerance of ±1/8 inch.

3. Surface and Air Temperature: The surface will be 70°F minimum, and ambient air temperature of 60°F minimum and rising, at a season when daily highs are above 70°F and lows are above 40°F. If the manufacturer’s recommendations allow for installation at temperature below the minimum required by this section, the Contractor may install the material in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations, including any additional adhesives.

4. Pavement Condition: Pavement must be dry and free of dirt, dust, and oily substances.

5. Application Instructions: The manufacturer will supply proper application instructions and will identify activators and adhesives which are to be used. An adhesive activator supplied by the manufacturer will be utilized on applications of this material, except on newly installed asphalt when the surface temperature is 80°F or above. A copy of the application instructions will be provided to the Engineer prior to use. The plastic markings will be manufactured and packaged in a manner, which will permit storage at normal temperatures for up to one year after purchase.

6. Lane Lines: Lane lines will not be placed over a longitudinal pavement joint and will not be installed closer than 1½ inches from the joint. Lane lines will not deviate more than 1 inch per 200 feet, nor will any deviations be abrupt.

7. Bonding: To ensure a uniform bond of material to asphalt or concrete surfaces after initial laydown, rolling of the material with a truck wheel, car wheel, or heavy hand roller in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations is required.

8. Molding and Sealing: The material will mold to the pavement contours, breaks, and faults by the action of traffic. The material will have resealing characteristics, which enable the material to fuse with itself and with previously applied marking materials of the same composition without externally applied tackifiers or adhesives.

9. Waste Disposal: It will be the responsibility of the Contractor to provide for disposal of empty material cartons, liner papers, and other waste.

B. Pavement Marking Paint and Beads: Pavement marking paint will be applied by machine. On special areas and markings that are not adaptable to machine application, hand application will be permitted.

The paint will be used as furnished by the manufacturer. Thinner or diluent will not be added. The paint will be thoroughly mixed in the original container before it is transferred to the tank of the spraying equipment. Filling tanks, pouring paint, or cleaning of equipment will not be allowed on the pavement.

The pavement marking will be applied during daylight hours when the ambient air temperature is above 40°F and the road surface is dry. The pavement will be cleaned of dirt, loose stones, and other foreign material before the paint is applied.

The paint applicator will be a self-propelled spraying machine. The paint applicator will be capable of applying marking materials in a solid and intermittent line pattern, according to the details in the plans. The equipment will be capable of placing lines on the left and right sides with each line in a solid or intermittent pattern and each gun applying 4 to 8 inches wide. The left carriage will simultaneously place a dashed marking, a solid marking and a dashed marking, or two solid markings as detailed in the plans. The paint will be applied at a maximum speed as recommended by the paint applicator manufacturer and will not exceed 13 miles per hour. The paint applicator will be capable of applying glass beads in a pressurized system, synchronized with the spray guns, uniformly across the entire painted line. All guns on the spray carriages will be in full view of the operator during operation.

The equipment in the striping train will be capable of displaying a left or right Type C sequential chevron. The Type C sequential chevrons will meet current MUTCD standard for minimum size, legible distance, number of elements and other specifications. All traffic control items that are mounted on the equipment will be incidental to the other contract items. No separate payment will be made.

During pavement marking operations on sections of roadway open to traffic, the Contractor will protect the markings from tracking either by placing suitable traffic control devices or by utilizing a shadow vehicle. The work will be arranged such that half of the traveled roadway will be open to traffic at all times.

The Contractor will take the steps necessary to ensure that the permanent pavement markings will match the markings on the existing surface.

Tolerances:

1. The length of the painted line will not vary more than plus or minus 3 inches from the plans requirement.

2. The width of the painted line will not vary more than plus or minus 1/2 inch from the plans requirement.

3. The length of a 40 foot cycle length consisting of a 10 foot dashed line and a 30 foot gap will not vary more than 3 inches.

4. The alignment from the plans requirement or existing markings will not vary more than plus or minus 2 inches.

5. The maximum longitudinal deviation from the existing markings at either end of the painted roadway segment will not vary more than plus or minus 6 inches.

6. Lane lines will not deviate more than 1 inch per 200 feet, nor will any deviations be abrupt.

The Contractor may be required to remove and replace pavement markings not meeting the specifications and tolerances at no additional expense to the Department. Removal methods will minimize damage to the surface and will be approved by the Engineer

The Contractor will apply the pavement marking paint, glass beads, and bonded core reflective elements (if required) at the rates specified in the plans. Restriping of pavement markings to meet this requirement and to provide a quality retroreflective line will be at the expense of the Contractor with no additional cost to the Department. Sections to be restriped will be determined by the Engineer.

The paint will be capable of being applied at a paint temperature up to 160°F. When applied with glass beads at pavement temperatures above 45°F and at a relative humidity of up to 75%, the paint will dry to a no-track condition within 3 minutes.

C. Grooving for Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking: The equipment will be capable of performing uniform grinding for alignment and depth.

The grooving will be performed by a self-propelled machine equipped with gang mounted specially prepared circular diamond blades on a turning head. The equipment will be capable of grooving the total width of the groove in one pass or be capable of grooving uniform depths with multiple passes.

The equipment will be capable of grooving double lines simultaneously or parallel lines to a uniform depth with two passes.

If damage to joints, joint sealant material, backer rod, etc. occurs, the grooving operation will be stopped, and modifications will be made to the grooving operation to prevent further damage.

Damage caused to joints, the joint sealant material, backer rod, etc. will be repaired or replaced by the Contractor, as directed by the Engineer. No additional payment will be made for the repair work or any reapplication of the pavement marking in the area of the repair.

The bottom of the groove will be uniform and free of loose material. The groove will be flat and of uniform depth for the entire width of the groove.

The grooving will be performed within the following specifications and tolerances:

Description Specification Tolerance Depth of Groove Marking Thickness + 15 mils + 5 mils Width of 4 inch Groove 4½ inches ± 1/8 inch Width of 6 inch Groove 6½ inches ± 1/8 inch Width of 8 inch Groove 8½ inches ±1/8 inch Width of 12 inch Groove 12½ inches ±1/8 inch Width of 24 inch Groove 24½ inches ± 1/8 inch Length of Skip Lines 10 foot 6 inches ± 3 inch Tapers at ends of lines 6 to 9 inches Between Double Lines 4 inches ± 1/2 inch

The grooving alignment and straightness tolerances will be the same as required for the cold applied plastic pavement marking as specified in Section 633.3 A.6.

If the groove is exposed to traffic or adverse weather conditions overnight, the Contractor will sand blast the groove prior to priming and applying tape.

Existing grooves not meeting the required depth will be re-grooved to the required depth. In areas where the existing groove meets the required depth and existing markings are still in place, the Contractor will remove the existing marking by light grinding or sand blasting or both. The grooving, light grinding, and sand blasting operations will provide the surface preparation required for the application of the new cold applied plastic pavement markings.

633.4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

A. Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking: Cold applied plastic pavement marking, of the width and color specified, will be measured by the foot.

B. Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Arrow: Cold applied plastic pavement marking arrow will be measured by count of each type specified.

C. Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Message: Cold applied plastic pavement marking message will be measured by count of each complete word specified.

D. Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Area: Cold applied plastic pavement marking area, of the color specified, will be measured to the nearest square foot.

E. Pavement Marking Paint, Beads, and Elements: Paint, beads, and elements will be measured by the foot, square foot, each, or gallon of paint depending on the unit designated by the contract quantity.

F. Grooving for Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking: Grooving for cold applied plastic pavement marking will be measured to the nearest foot, along the length of the groove for the width of grooving specified in the plans.

G. Grooving for Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Arrow: Grooving for cold applied plastic pavement marking arrow will be measured by the count of each arrow type specified.

H. Grooving for Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Message: Grooving for cold applied plastic pavement marking message will be measured by the count of each complete word specified.

I. Grooving for Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Area: Grooving for cold applied plastic pavement marking area will be measured to the nearest square foot.

633.5 BASIS OF PAYMENT

A. Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking: Cold applied plastic pavement marking of each width specified, will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot. Payment will be full compensation for equipment, labor, materials, and all incidentals required.

B. Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Arrow: Cold applied plastic pavement marking arrow of the type specified will be paid for at the contract unit price per each. Payment will be full compensation for equipment, labor, materials, and all incidentals required.

C. Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Message: Cold applied plastic pavement marking message will be paid for at the contract unit price per each word. Payment will be full compensation for equipment, labor, materials, and all incidentals required.

D. Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Area: Cold applied plastic pavement marking area will be paid for at the contract unit price per square foot. Payment will be full compensation for equipment, labor, materials, and all incidentals required.

E. Pavement Marking Paint, Beads, and Elements: Payment for paint, beads, and elements will be by the foot, square foot, each, or gallon for each type of pavement marking. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing paint, beads, and elements (if required) and for labor, equipment, and incidentals necessary.

F. Grooving for Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking: Grooving for cold applied plastic pavement marking will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot for the width of groove specified.

Payment will be full compensation for equipment, labor, materials, and all incidentals required.

G. Grooving for Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Arrow: Grooving for cold applied plastic pavement marking arrow will be paid for at the contract unit price per arrow type specified. Payment will be full compensation for equipment, labor, materials, and all incidentals required.

H. Grooving for Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Message: Grooving for cold applied plastic pavement marking message will be paid for at the contract unit price per each word specified.

Payment will be full compensation for equipment, labor, materials, and all incidentals required.

I. Grooving for Cold Applied Plastic Pavement Marking Area: Grooving for cold applied plastic pavement marking area will be paid for at the contract unit price per each square foot.

Payment will be full compensation for equipment, labor, materials, and all incidentals required.

634 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL

634.1 DESCRIPTION

This work consists of furnishing, installing, and maintaining required temporary traffic control devices in accordance with the current edition of the MUTCD.

634.2 MATERIALS

Traffic and traffic control devices will conform to and be maintained in accordance with the requirements of Section 984 and Part 6 of the MUTCD.

Traffic control devices are categorized by their intended use and certification requirements.

Category I traffic control devices are lightweight devices which may be self-certified by the manufacturer including, but not limited to; cones, drums, and delineators.

Category II traffic control devices are other lightweight devices which must be certified by individual crash testing including, but not limited to; portable signs and barricades.

Category III traffic control devices are fixed or other massive devices which must be certified by individual crash testing including, but not limited to; breakaway sign supports, concrete barriers, concrete barrier end protection, crash cushions, truck mounted attenuators, and longitudinal barriers.

Category IV traffic control devices are trailer mounted devices which are not required to be individually crash tested including, but not limited to; portable changeable message signs, arrow boards, portable temporary traffic signals, and work area lighting.

Category I, II, and III traffic control devices will meet the crashworthy requirements of test level 3 of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 or AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). Category IV traffic control devices will be delineated with retroreflective traffic control devices.

Prior to use, the Contractor will provide documentation for all traffic control devices used. The documentation will show the traffic control devices used meet the applicable NCHRP 350 or MASH requirements.

Retroreflective sheeting material used on traffic control devices will conform to Section 984.

Paint used for temporary pavement marking will be in accordance with Section 980.1 A.

Glass beads will be used to reflectorize the temporary traffic paint. The glass beads will conform to the requirements of Section 981.

Pilot Cars will conform to Section 984.

Temporary pavement marking tape will conform to Section 984.

Signal heads will meet the requirements of Section 985.

Warning lights will meet the requirements of Section 984.

634.3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

A. General: The Contractor will furnish, install, and maintain required traffic control devices and pavement marking material.

1. All traffic control devices will be kept in proper position, clean, and legible at all times. Damaged devices will be replaced within 24 hours, or as directed by the Engineer.

2. Non-applicable traffic control devices will be completely covered or removed during periods of inactivity.

3. Traffic control devices will be immediately removed or covered when the need for such devices no longer exists. When devices are no longer needed, they should be stored off the project or as close to the right-of-way line as possible.

4. Vehicles and equipment will be stored outside the clear zone and as near as possible to the right-of-way line. Contractor’s employees should mobilize at a location off the right-of-way and arrive at the work site in a minimum number of vehicles necessary to perform the work.

5. Traffic approaching the project from intersecting roadways, streets, and approaches must be adequately accommodated. Major intersections and large commercial entrances may require additional signing, flaggers, and channelizing devices on a temporary basis until work activities pass these areas.

6. Unless otherwise stated, hours of darkness are defined as 1/2 hour after sunset until 1/2 hour before sunrise.

B. Apparel: All workers within the right of way who are exposed either to traffic (vehicles using the highway for purposes of travel) or to construction equipment within the work area will wear high-visibility safety apparel intended to provide conspicuity during both daytime and nighttime usage, and meeting the Performance Class 2 or 3 requirements of the ANSI/ISEA 107 publication entitled “American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear” or equivalent revisions.

Workers will wear a vest, shirt, or jacket as an outer garment with a background color of fluorescent yellow-green, fluorescent orange-red, or fluorescent red. The retroreflectorized portion of the material will be orange, yellow, white, yellow-green, or silver.

C. Flagging: The Contractor will provide each flagger with a copy of the "Flagger Manual". These manuals are available from the Department. Standards for flaggers and flagging practices will conform to Part 6 of the MUTCD and the flagger manual.

The Contractor will furnish certified flaggers to perform project traffic control. The minimum age for flaggers will be 18 years old. Flagger training and certification is available at some Department Area offices and from the Associated General Contractors (AGC). All flaggers will complete a flagger training course and pass a written test to become certified. Flagger certification is valid for a period of 2 years. All flaggers will be certified in South Dakota prior to flagging on the project. Flaggers will carry proof of certification while flagging on Department projects.

Flagger workstations will be illuminated during hours of darkness. Flagger workstations will be illuminated with a minimum of 108 lux (10 foot candles) of illumination. The Contractor will perform a drive-through after dark to check for glare from the driver’s perspective and make adjustments necessary to eliminate or reduce the glare to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

Flaggers will be equipped with a STOP/SLOW sign for the control of traffic. The sign should be mounted on a staff from 5 to 7 feet long, from the bottom of the sign to the ground. All flagging devices and the use of such devices will comply with Part 6 of the MUTCD, unless otherwise specified.

D. Pilot Car: Pilot cars and pilot car practices will conform to Part 6 of the MUTCD.

E. Traffic Control, Miscellaneous:

On unfinished grades until gravel is in place, the Contractor will place reflectorized devices (cones, drums, or vertical panels back-to-back) defining the outside edge of the road.