AG-SPEC-S-17-0058_Specifications.pdf

Natural Resources Conservation Service

United States Department of Agriculture

CONSTRUCTION and MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

MEKORYUK RIPRAP REVETMENT

MEKORYUK, ALASKA

Brett A. Nelson No. AELC10044

REGISTERED PROFESS IONA L ENGINEER

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NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE

CONSTRUCTION and MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Mekoryuk Riprap Revetment Mekoryuk, Alaska

Construction Specifications

Number Specification Name Number of Pages 5 Pollution Control ---------------------------------------------------------- 3 8 Mobilization and Demobilization -------------------------------------- 2 61 Rock Riprap ---------------------------------------------------------------- 7 401 Geotextile and Geocomposite ------------------------------------------- 3

Material Specifications

Number Specification Name Number of Pages 523 Rock for Riprap ------------------------------------------------------------ 3 600 Geotextile and Geocomposite ------------------------------------------- 2

(210-VI-NEH, January 2009) 5-1

Construction Specification 5—Pollution Control

1. Scope The work consists of installing measures or performing work to control erosion and minimize the production of sediment and other pollutants to water and air from construction activities.

2. Material All material furnished shall meet the requirements of the material specifications listed in section 8 of this specification.

3. Erosion and sediment control measures and works The measures and works shall include, but are not limited to, the following:

Staging of earthwork activities—The excavation and moving of soil materials shall be scheduled to minimize the size of areas disturbed and unprotected from erosion for the shortest reasonable time.

Seeding—Seeding to protect disturbed areas shall occur as soon as reasonably possible following completion of that earthwork activity.

Mulching—Mulching to provide temporary protection of the soil surface from erosion.

Diversions—Diversions to divert water from work areas and to collect water from work areas for treatment and safe disposition. They are temporary and shall be removed and the area restored to its near original condition when the diversions are no longer required or when permanent measures are installed.

Stream crossings—Culverts or bridges where equipment must cross streams. They are temporary and shall be removed and the area restored to its near original condition when the crossings are no longer required or when permanent measures are installed.

Sediment basins—Sediment basins collect, settle, and eliminate sediment from eroding areas from impacting properties and streams below the construction site(s). These basins are temporary and shall be removed and the area restored to its original condition when they are no longer required or when permanent measures are installed.

Sediment filters—Straw bale filters or geotextile sediment fences trap sediment from areas of limited runoff.

Sediment filters shall be properly anchored to prevent erosion under or around them. These filters are temporary and shall be removed and the area restored to its original condition when they are no longer required or when permanent measures are installed.

Waterways—Waterways for the safe disposal of runoff from fields, diversions, and other structures or measures.

These works are temporary and shall be removed and the area restored to its original condition when they are no longer required or when permanent measures are installed.

Other—Additional protection measures as specified in section 8 of this specification or required by Federal, State, or local government.

4. Chemical pollution The contractor shall provide watertight tanks or barrels or construct a sump sealed with plastic sheets to collect and temporarily contain chemical pollutants, such as drained lubricating or transmission fluids, grease, soaps, concrete mixer washwater, or asphalt, produced as a by-product of the construction activities. Pollutants shall be disposed of in accordance with appropriate State and Federal regulations. At the completion of the construction work, tanks, barrels, and sumps shall be removed and the area restored to its original condition as specified in section 8 of this specification. Sump removal shall be conducted without causing pollution.

(210-VI-NEH, January 2009) 5-2

Sanitary facilities, such as chemical toilets, or septic tanks shall not be located next to live streams, wells, or springs.

They shall be located at a distance sufficient to prevent contamination of any water source. At the completion of construction activities, facilities shall be disposed of without causing pollution as specified in section 8 of this specification.

5. Air pollution The burning of brush or slash and the disposal of other materials shall adhere to state and local regulations.

Fire prevention measures shall be taken to prevent the start or spreading of wildfires that may result from project activities. Firebreaks or guards shall be constructed and maintained at locations shown on the drawings.

All public access or haul roads used by the contractor during construction of the project shall be sprinkled or otherwise treated to fully suppress dust. All dust control methods shall ensure safe construction operations at all times. If chemical dust suppressants are applied, the material shall be a commercially available product specifically designed for dust suppression and the application shall follow manufacturer's requirements and recommendations. A copy of the product data sheet and manufacturer's recommended application procedures shall be provided to the engineer 5 working days before the first application.

6. Maintenance, removal, and restoration All pollution control measures and temporary works shall be adequately maintained in a functional condition for the duration of the construction period. All temporary measures shall be removed and the site restored to near original condition.

7. Measurement and payment Method 1—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, each item is measured to the nearest unit applicable. Payment for each item is made at the contract unit price for that item. For water or chemical suppressant items used for dust control for which items of work are established in section 8 of this specification, measurement for payment will not include water or chemical suppressants that are used inappropriately or excessive to need. Such payment will constitute full compensation for the completion of the work.

Method 2—For items of work for which lump sum prices are established in the contract, payment is made as the work proceeds and supported by invoices presented by the contractor that reflect actual costs. If the total of all progress payments is less than the lump sum contract price for this item, the balance remaining for this item will be included in the final contract payment. Payment of the lump sum contract price will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

Method 3—For items of work for which lump sum prices are established in the contract, payment will be prorated and provided in equal amounts on each monthly progress payment estimate. The number of months used for prorating shall be the number estimated to complete the work as outlined in the contractor's approved construction schedule. The final month's prorate amount will be provided with the final contract payment. Payment as described will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

All Methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment. Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items, and the items to which they are made subsidiary, are identified in section 8 of this specification.

NRCS – June 2017 AK – Mekoryuk EWP 5-3

8. Items of work and construction details The items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification are:

A. Subsidiary Item, Pollution Control

1. This item shall consist of providing all equipment, materials, and labor necessary to minimize water, air, or other pollution from construction operations. Pollution control efforts shall comply with all local, state, and federal permits and regulations.

2. In Section 3, Erosion and sediment control measures and works, if the site disturbance area exceeds or is expected to exceed 1 acre, the Contractor shall apply for and obtain coverage under the Storm Water Construction General Permit from the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. Regardless of the project acreage, should permit coverage be required by AKDEC, the Contractor shall develop a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for the project site. The Contractor shall be solely responsible for paying any fees associated with the Construction General Permit/SWPPP.

Upon final acceptance of the project, the Contractor shall submit a Notice of Termination as required under the Construction General Permit.

The Contractor shall be held liable to pay or reimburse NRCS for any fines levied against NRCS resulting from failure of any pollution prevention measures, whether caused by improper installation, maintenance, or repair.

3. The Native Village of Mekoryuk has obtained permits, approvals, authorizations, or waivers for the following:

• US Army Corps of Engineers 404 permit

• Alaska Department of Fish and Game fish habitat permit

• Alaska Department of Natural Resources-Division of Mining, Land, and Water entry authorization

Permits or authorizations obtained by the Native Village or Mekoryuk only apply to the area within the work limits of the project, and only for activities specifically required by the specifications. Any other permits required to conduct the work shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. The Contractor shall conduct work in accordance with conditions of the permits and authorizations. Copies of the permits and authorizations obtained by the village will be provided to the Contractor.

4. No burning or burial of any trash or rubbish shall be allowed anywhere within the work limits.

5. The construction site shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition throughout the duration of the project.

6. In Section 7, Measurement and payment, no separate payment will be made for Pollution Control. Compensation for Pollution Control will be included in payment for Bid Item 1, Mobilization and Demobilization.

(210-VI-NEH, May 2001) 8-1

Construction Specification 8—Mobilization and Demobilization

1. Scope The work consists of the mobilization and demobilization of the contractor's forces and equipment necessary for performing the work required under the contract. It does not include mobilization and demobilization for specific items of work for which payment is provided elsewhere in the contract.

Mobilization will not be considered as work in fulfilling the contract requirements for commencement of work.

2. Equipment and material Mobilization shall include all activities and associated costs for transportation of contractor's personnel, equipment, and operating supplies to the site; establishment of offices, buildings, and other necessary general facilities for the contractor's operations at the site; premiums paid for performance and payment bonds including coinsurance and reinsurance agreements as applicable; and other items specified in section 4 of this specification.

Demobilization shall include all activities and costs for transportation of personnel, equipment, and supplies not required or included in the contract from the site; including the disassembly, removal, and site cleanup of offices, buildings, and other facilities assembled on the site specifically for this contract.

This work includes mobilization and demobilization required by the contract at the time of award. If additional mobilization and demobilization activities and costs are required during the performance of the contract as a result of changed, deleted, or added items of work for which the contractor is entitled to an adjustment in contract price, compensation for such costs will be included in the price adjustment for the item or items of work changed or added.

3. Payment Payment will be made as the work proceeds, after presentation of paid invoices or documentation of direct costs by the contractor showing specific mobilization and demobilization costs and supporting evidence of the charges of suppliers, subcontractors, and others. When the total of such payments is less than the lump sum contract price, the balance remaining will be included in the final contract payment.

Payment of the lump sum contract price for mobilization and demobilization will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

Payment will not be made under this item for the purchase costs of materials having a residual value, the purchase costs of materials to be incorporated in the project, or the purchase costs of operating supplies.

NRCS-September 2016 AK-Mekoryuk EWP 8-2

4. Items of work and construction details Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and the construction details are:

A. Bid Item 1, Mobilization and Demobilization

1. All roads utilized as haul routes or travel corridors shall be continuously maintained in smooth condition well suited to all public traffic in the community.

At the completion of the project, all roads and haul roads shall be returned to a condition equivalent to or better than the condition they were in at the commencement of construction.

2. Under Section 3, Payment, payment will constitute full payment for the related Subsidiary Item, Pollution Control.

(210-VI-NEH, January 2014) 61-1

Construction Specification 61—Rock Riprap

1. Scope The work shall consist of the construction of rock riprap revetments and blankets, including filter or bedding where specified.

2. Material Rock riprap shall conform to the requirements of Material Specification 523, Rock for Riprap, or if so specified, shall be obtained from designated sources. It shall be free from dirt, clay, sand, rock fines, and other material not meeting the required gradation limits.

At least 30 days before rock is delivered from other than designated sources, the contractor shall designate in writing the source from which rock material will be obtained and provide information satisfactory to the contracting officer that the material meets contract requirements. The contractor shall provide the contracting officer's technical representative (COTR) free access to the source for the purpose of obtaining samples for testing. The size and grading of the rock shall be as specified in section 8.

Rock from approved sources shall be excavated, selected, and processed to meet the specified quality and grading requirements at the time the rock is installed.

Based on a specific gravity of 2.65 (typical of limestone and dolomite) and assuming the individual rock is shaped midway between a sphere and a cube, typical size/weight relationships are:

Sieve size of rock

Approx. weight of rock

Weight of test pile

16 inches 300 pounds 6,000 pounds

11 inches 100 pounds 2,000 pounds

6 inches 15 pounds 300 pounds

When specified in Section 8 or when it is necessary to verify the gradation of the rock riprap, a particle size analysis shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D5519. The analysis shall be performed at the work site on a test pile of representative rock. The mass of the test pile shall be at least 20 times the mass of the largest rock in the pile.

The results of the test shall be compared to the gradation required for the project. Test pile results that do not meet the construction specifications shall be cause for the rock to be rejected. The test pile that meets contract requirements shall be left on the job site as a sample for visual comparison. The test pile shall be used as part of the last rock riprap to be placed.

Filter or bedding aggregates when required shall conform to Material Specification 521, Aggregates for Drainfill and Filters, unless otherwise specified. Geotextiles shall conform to Material Specification 592, Geotextile.

3. Subgrade preparation The subgrade surface on which the rock riprap, filter, bedding, or geotextile is to be placed shall be cut or filled and graded to the lines and grades shown on the drawings. When fill to subgrade lines is required, it shall consist of approved material and shall conform to the requirements of the specified class of earthfill.

Rock riprap, filter, bedding, or geotextile shall not be placed until the foundation preparation is completed and the subgrade surface has been inspected and approved.

(210-VI-NEH, January 2014) 61-2

4. Equipment-placed rock riprap The rock riprap shall be placed by equipment on the surface and to the depth specified. It shall be installed to the full course thickness in one operation and in such a manner as to avoid serious displacement of the underlying material. The rock for riprap shall be delivered and placed in a manner that ensures the riprap in place is reasonably homogeneous with the larger rocks uniformly distributed and firmly in contact one to another with the smaller rocks and spalls filling the voids between the larger rocks. Some hand placing may be required to provide a neat and uniform surface.

Rock riprap shall be placed in a manner to prevent damage to structures. Hand placing is required as necessary to prevent damage to any new and existing structures.

5. Hand placed rock riprap The rock riprap shall be placed by hand on the surface and to the depth specified. It shall be securely bedded with the larger rocks firmly in contact one to another without bridging. Spaces between the larger rocks shall be filled with smaller rocks and spalls. Smaller rocks shall not be grouped as a substitute for larger rock. Flat slab rock shall be laid on its vertical edge except where it is laid like paving stone and the thickness of the rock equals the specified depth of the riprap course.

6. Filter or bedding When the contract specifies filter, bedding, or geotextile beneath the rock riprap, the designated material shall be placed on the prepared subgrade surface as specified. Compaction of filter or bedding aggregate is not required, but the surface of such material shall be finished reasonably smooth and free of mounds, dips, or windrows.

7. Measurement and payment Method 1—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the quantity of each type of rock riprap placed within the specified limits is computed to the nearest ton by actual weight.

The volume of each type of filter or bedding aggregate is measured within the specified limits and computed to the nearest cubic yard by the method of average cross-sectional end areas. For each load of rock riprap placed as specified, the contractor shall furnish to the COTR a statement-of-delivery ticket showing the weight to the nearest 0.1 ton.

Payment is made at the contract unit price for each type of rock riprap, filter, or bedding. Such payment is considered full compensation for completion of the work.

Method 2—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the quantity of each type of rock riprap placed within the specified limits is computed to the nearest 0.1 ton by actual weight. The quantity of each type of filter or bedding aggregate delivered and placed within the specified limits is computed to the nearest 0.1 ton. For each load of rock riprap placed as specified, the contractor shall furnish to the engineer a statement-of-delivery ticket showing the weight to the nearest 0.1 ton. For each load of filter or bedding aggregate, the contractor shall furnish to the COTR a statement-of-delivery ticket showing the weight to the nearest 0.1 ton.

Payment is made at the contract unit price for each type of rock riprap, filter, or bedding. Such payment is considered full compensation for completion of the work.

Method 3—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established by the contract, the volume of each type of rock riprap and filter or bedding aggregate is measured within the specified limits and computed to the nearest cubic yard by the method of average cross-sectional end areas.

Payment is made at the contract unit price for each type of rock riprap, filter, or bedding. Such payment is considered full compensation for completion of the work.

(210-VI-NEH, January 2014) 61-3

Method 4—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established by the contract, the volume of each type of rock riprap, including filter and bedding aggregate, is measured within the specified limits and computed to the nearest cubic yard by the method of average cross-sectional end areas.

Payment is made at the contract unit price for each type of rock riprap, including filter and bedding. Such payment is considered full compensation for completion of the work.

Method 5—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established by the contract, the quantity of each type of rock riprap placed within the specified limits is computed to the nearest ton by actual weight. For each load of rock for riprap placed as specified, the contractor shall furnish to the COTR a statement-of-delivery ticket showing the weight to the nearest 0.1 ton.

Payment is made at the contract unit price for each type of rock riprap, and includes compensation for any aggregate or geotextile installed as specified for filter or bedding. Such payment is considered full compensation for completion of the work.

Method 6—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established by the contract, the volume of each type of rock riprap is measured within the specified limits and computed to the nearest cubic yard by the method of average cross-sectional end areas.

Payment is made at the contract unit price for each type of rock riprap, and includes compensation for any aggregate or geotextile installed as specified for filter or bedding. Such payment is considered full compensation for completion of the work.

All methods—The following provision applies to all methods of measurement and payment.

Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule, is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the items to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 8.

No separate payment is made for testing the gradation of the test pile. Compensation for testing is included in the appropriate bid item for riprap.

NRCS-August 2017 AK-Mekoryuk EWP 61-4

8. Items of work and construction details Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and construction details are:

A. Bid Item 2, Gradation Testing, Rock Riprap

1. This item shall consist of furnishing all equipment, tools, materials, and personnel necessary to conduct gradation testing of the Rock Riprap and Contingency Rock Riprap.

2. In Section 2, Material,

a. The Contractor shall give the Contracting Officer at least 10 days advance notice of all gradation tests, to give NRCS the opportunity to observe the Contractor’s testing procedures. The Contracting Officer may forfeit the opportunity to observe any or all tests at his discretion.

b. Gradation testing shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D5519, Test Method B, except that the pieces do not need to be physically grouped into size classes. The mass of each individual piece shall be determined and recorded, except that smaller pieces that obviously weigh less than the lowest specified weight class may be combined and weighed together. The minimum sample size shall be 70,000 pounds.

c. At a minimum, three valid, representative gradation tests shall be conducted on the produced riprap, showing compliance with the gradation listed in Section 8.B.2. These quality control tests shall be conducted prior to transporting rock to the project site. These passing tests shall be from samples taken from rock produced near the beginning, middle, and end of the rock production process. The Contracting Officer or his representative shall have the option to select the location in the stockpile from which the test samples are taken. A complete copy of the data sheets, calculation sheets, final gradation, and any other pertinent data shall be furnished to the Contracting Officer within 24 hours of completion of the test. Data from all tests shall be submitted, regardless of whether the test passes or fails.

d. If the Engineer believes that measurable degradation of the rock riprap has occurred during handling, transport, or placement, additional gradation tests may be required.

3. Section 7, Measurement and payment, none of the methods shall apply. Instead, payment will be made at the contract unit price for each gradation test completed in accordance with the specifications. However, no payment will be made for quantities exceeding those in the bid schedule, except in the case where the Engineer directs the Contractor to conduct additional test(s), and the results indicate a passing test. No payment will be made for failing tests.

B. Bid Item 3, Rock Riprap

1. This item shall consist of furnishing, transporting, and placement of the Rock Riprap as shown on the drawings.

AK-Mekoryuk EWP 61-5

2. In Section 2, Materials,

a. Rock Riprap shall be rock type 1, in accordance with Material Specification 523, Rock for Riprap, and shall be graded as follows:

Rock Weight (lbs)

Percent Lighter by Dry Weight

3,500 100

1,500 20-50

800 0-5

No rocks smaller than 800 pounds shall purposely be added to the riprap. Up to 5% weighing less than 800 pounds shall be allowed to account for degradation, breakage, etc.

If a gradation test on the Rock Riprap does not meet contract requirements, the Contractor shall completely rework the entire portion of the riprap for which the test is representative to bring the gradation into compliance.

Simply stirring the pile in place, picking rocks out, or scattering additional rock of a specified quantity onto the stockpile or placed riprap surface will not constitute adequate re-working prior to conducting a follow-up gradation test.

b. Rock Riprap shall be angular or sub-angular, produced by blasting or other means. River rock or other sources of rounded or sub-rounded rock are not allowed.

3. In Section 4, Equipment-placed rock riprap,

a. Rock Riprap may be installed by dumping directly from a truck, loader, or excavator, unless such methods result in measurable rock breakage or degradation of the geotextile or geocomposite. The maximum free-fall drop height from any equipment shall be 2 feet. If the contractor can demonstrate that greater drop heights do not result in measureable rock degradation, breakage, segregation, or geotextile degradation, the Engineer may approve greater drop heights.

b. Rock Riprap shall be handled, stockpiled, and placed in a manner that avoids segregation and breakage. This includes limiting any stockpile height to a maximum of eight feet (8’), avoiding bucking of the stockpile, and taking care to distribute rock sizes equally during loading, hauling, and placement.

A thumb-equipped excavator shall be employed throughout the riprap placement process, to adjust for any potential segregation that may have occurred, consolidate the riprap, maximize rock-to-rock contact, and achieve a reasonably uniform final surface.

AK-Mekoryuk EWP 61-6

4. In Section 6, Filter or bedding, no bedding is required. A filter is required, and material and installation requirements are specified in Construction Specification 401, Bid Item 6, Geotextile and Geocomposite.

5. In Section 7, Measurement and payment, Method 4 shall apply. The measurement method of average cross-sectional end area shall not apply.

Instead, the volume of Rock Riprap shall be measured and computed to the nearest cubic yard by the composite volume method.

C. Bid Item 4, Contingency Rock Riprap

1. This item shall consist of furnishing, transporting, and stockpiling contingency rock riprap as shown on the drawings.

2. In Section 2, Materials, all requirements from Section 8.B.2 from Bid Item 3, Rock Riprap shall also apply to Contingency Rock Riprap.

3. In Section 4, Equipment-placed rock riprap, Contingency Rock Riprap shall be handled and stockpiled in a manner that avoids breakage and segregation. This includes limiting any stockpile height to a maximum of six feet (6’), and avoiding bucking of the stockpile.

4. In Section 7, Measurement and payment, Method 3 shall apply. The measurement method of average cross-sectional end area shall not apply.

Instead, the volume of Contingency Rock Riprap shall be measured and computed to the nearest cubic yard by the composite volume method. If some or all of the Contingency Rock Riprap is required to be utilized for placement under Bid Item 3, Rock Riprap, payment for that portion shall be made under Bid Item 3, Rock Riprap, rather than Bid Item 4, Contingency Rock Riprap.

D. Bid Item 5, Access Road Infill

1. This item shall consist of furnishing, testing, transporting, stockpiling, and placing Access Road Infill as shown on the drawings.

a. In Section 2, Materials, Access Road Infill shall consist of quarry spalls or other angular or subangular rock that is of rock type 1, in accordance with Material Specification 523, Rock for Riprap. Access Road infill shall be graded as follows:

Rock Size (inches)

Percent Lighter by Dry Weight

5” 100

3” 20-50

1” 0-10

a. At a minimum, one valid, representative gradation test shall be conducted on the Access Road Infill, showing compliance with the gradation listed in

AK-Mekoryuk EWP 61-7

Section 8.D.1.a. Test(s) shall be conducted prior to transporting rock to the project site, and shall be performed in accordance with ASTM C136. A complete copy of the data sheets, calculation sheets, final gradation, and any other pertinent data shall be furnished to the Contracting Officer within 24 hours of completion of the test. Data from all tests shall be submitted, regardless of whether the test passes or fails.

2. In Section 4, Equipment-placed rock riprap,

a. Access Road Infill shall be handled, stockpiled, and placed in a manner that avoids segregation as much as practical. This includes limiting any stockpile height to a maximum of eight feet (8’), avoiding bucking of the stockpile, and keeping the height of drop to a minimum.

b. The purpose of Access Road Infill is to achieve a driving surface on the rock riprap revetment, such that vehicles can access the beach and barge landing.

Voids in the top surface of the finished Rock Riprap are to be filled with Access Road Infill at locations shown on the drawings.

c. Following placement of Access Road Infill within the Rock Riprap to all applicable lines and grades shown on the drawings, any leftover quantity of Access Road Infill shall be stockpiled adjacent to Contingency Rock Riprap as shown on the drawings.

3. In Section 7, Measurement and payment, Method 3 shall apply, except that the composite volume method shall be used. The measurement method shall be to determine the Access Road Infill stockpile volume prior to placement using survey-grade GPS equipment. Prior to installation, the Contractor shall maintain the graded, stockpiled infill in a single pile of uniform cross-section and reasonably minimal footprint, and allow NRCS to measure the pile volume by the composite volume method. Payment shall be made for the quantity of Access Road Infill installed or stockpiled in accordance with the specifications in Sections 8.D.1 and 8.D.2 above, not to exceed the bid quantity. No payment shall be made for Access Road Infill that is not placed within the specified limits as indicated on the drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. Payment constitutes full compensation for completion of the work, including any gradation test(s) performed.

AK-Mekoryuk EWP 401-1

Construction Specification 401—Geotextile and Geocomposite

1. Scope This work consists of furnishing all material, equipment, and labor necessary for the installation of the geotextile and geocomposite.

2. Quality Geotextiles and geocomposites shall conform to the requirements of Material Specification 600 and this specification.

3. Storage Before use, the geotextile and geocomposite shall be stored in a clean, dry location out of direct sunlight, not subject to extremes of either hot or cold temperatures, and with the manufacturer's protective cover undisturbed. Receiving, storage, and handling at the job site shall be in accordance with the requirements listed in ASTM D4873.

4. Surface preparation The surface on which the geotextile and geocomposite is to be placed shall be graded to the neat lines and grades as shown on the drawings. It shall be reasonably smooth and free of loose rock and clods, holes, depressions, projections, muddy conditions, and standing or flowing water (unless otherwise specified in section 7 of this specification).

5. Placement Before the geotextile and geocomposite is placed, the soil surface will be reviewed for quality assurance of the design and construction. The geotextile and geocomposite shall be placed on the approved prepared surface at the locations and in accordance with the details shown on the drawings and specified in section 7 of this specification. It shall be unrolled along the placement area and loosely laid, without stretching, in such a manner that it conforms to the surface irregularities when material or gabions are placed on or against it.

The geotextile and geocomposite shall be joined by overlapping a minimum of 18 inches (unless otherwise specified). Securing pins shall not be allowed. The upstream or upslope geotextile or geocomposite shall overlap the abutting downslope geotextile.

Should the geotextile or bottom geotextile layer of the geocomposite be torn or punctured, or the overlaps disturbed, as evidenced by visible geotextile damage, subgrade pumping, intrusion, or grade distortion, the subgrade around the damaged or displaced area shall be removed and restored to the original approved condition. The repair shall consist of a patch of the same type of geotextile being used and underlaying the existing geotextile. Geotextile patches shall extend a minimum of 2 feet from the edge of any damaged area.

The geotextile and geocomposite shall not be placed until it can be anchored and protected with the specified covering within 48 hours or protected from exposure to ultraviolet light.

In no case shall material be dropped on uncovered geocomposite from a height of more than 1 foot.

6. Measurement and payment The quantity of geotextile and geocomposite is not measured for payment. Payment for geotextile

AK-Mekoryuk EWP 401-2 and geocomposite is made at the contract lump sum price and constitutes full compensation for the completion of the work. Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule, is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the items to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 7 of this specification.

AK-Mekoryuk EWP 401-3

7. Items of work and construction details Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and construction details are:

A. Bid Item 6, Geotextile and Geocomposite

1. This item shall consist of furnishing all equipment, tools, materials, and personnel necessary for transportation, placement, and installation of geotextile and geocomposite as shown on the drawings.

2. In Section 2, Quality, geotextile shall be a minimum weight of 24 ounces per square yard, and shall meet the criteria for class V, nonwoven geotextile, as detailed in Material Specification 600.

Geocomposite shall be an HDPE geonet/geotextile composite, consisting of one layer of nonwoven geotextile bonded to an HDPE geonet. Geotextile bonded to both sides of the geonet is also acceptable. The geocomposite shall conform to the requirements of Material Specification 600. Geonet shall meet the criteria for class III geonet, as detailed in Material Specification 600. Geotextile bonded to the geonet shall be a minimum weight of 8 ounces per square yard, and shall meet the criteria for class I, nonwoven geotextile, as detailed in Material Specification 600.

3. In Section 4, Surface preparation, to prevent cutting or puncturing of the geotextile or geocomposite, rocks which significantly and abruptly protrude above surrounding rocks or subgrade shall be relocated, adjusted, or removed from the subgrade surface, to avoid potential puncture or tearing of the geotextile and/or geocomposite. Otherwise, rocks shall be allowed in the subgrade.

Relocation or adjustment of existing rocks may be necessary near the vertical cut bank to accommodate placement of the geotextile and geocomposite on the nearly vertical bank or reverse grades. The Engineer shall inspect and approve/disapprove the subgrade prior to placement of geotextile and geocomposite.

4. In Section 5, Placement, geotextile and geocomposite shall be placed at locations shown on the drawings and as staked in the field. The intent is to place geotextile and geocomposite on all subgrade areas composed of sand. Subgrade composed entirely of bedrock does not require geotextile or geocomposite, except that the geotextile and geocomposite covering sand subgrade shall extend a minimum of 2’ onto the bedrock. However, to avoid placing geotextile and geocomposte in a piecemeal manner, locations that have discontinuous areas of sand or loose rocks, interspersed with smaller areas of bedrock, shall be entirely covered with geotextile and geocomposite. The geotextile shall be placed on the subgrade, and geocomposite shall be placed on top of the geotextile. The geocomposite shall be installed with the geotextile toward the subgrade and the geonet toward the rock riprap.

(210-VI-NEH, January 2014) 523-1

Material Specification 523—Rock for Riprap

1. Scope This specification covers the quality of rock to be used in the construction of rock riprap.

2. Quality Individual rock fragments shall be dense, sound, and free from cracks, seams, and other defects conducive to accelerated weathering. Except as otherwise specified, the rock fragments shall be angular to subrounded. The least dimension of an individual rock fragment shall be not less than one-third the greatest dimension of the fragment. ASTM D4992 provides guidance on selecting rock from a source.

Except as otherwise provided, the rock shall be tested and shall have the following properties:

Rock type 1

• Bulk specific gravity (saturated surface-dry basis)—Not less than 2.5 when tested in accordance with ASTM D6473 on samples prepared as described for soundness testing.

• Absorption—Not more than 2 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM D6473 on samples prepared as described for soundness testing.

• Soundness—The weight loss in 5 cycles shall not be more than 10 percent when sodium sulfate is used or more than 15 percent when magnesium sulfate is used.

Rock type 2

• Bulk specific gravity (saturated surface-dry basis)—Not less that 2.5 when tested in accordance with ASTM C127 on samples prepared as described for soundness testing.

• Absorption—Not more than 2 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM C127 on samples prepared as described for soundness testing.

• Soundness—The weight loss in 5 cycles shall be not more than 20 percent when sodium sulfate is used or more than 25 percent when magnesium sulfate is used.

Rock type 3

• Bulk specific gravity (saturated surface-dry basis)—Not less than 2.3 when tested in accordance with ASTM D6473 on samples prepared as described for soundness testing.

• Absorption—Not more than 4 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM D6473 on samples prepared as described for soundness testing.

• Soundness—The weight loss in 5 cycles shall be not more than 20 percent when sodium sulfate is used or more than 25 percent when magnesium sulfate is used.

3. Methods of soundness testing Rock cube soundness—The sodium or magnesium sulfate soundness test for all rock types (1, 2, or 3) shall be performed on a test sample of 5,000 ± 300 grams of rock fragments, reasonably uniform in size and cubical in shape, and weighing, after sampling, about 100 grams each. They shall be obtained from rock samples that are representative of the total rock mass, as noted in ASTM D4992, and that have been sawed into slabs as described in ASTM D5121. The samples shall further be reduced in size by sawing the slabs into cubical blocks. The thickness of the slabs and the size of the sawed fragments shall be determined by the size of the available test apparatus and as necessary to provide, after sawing, the approximate 100-gram samples. The cubes shall undergo five cycles of soundness testing in accordance with ASTM D1512.

Internal defects may cause some of the cubes to break during the sawing process or during the initial soaking period. Do not test any of the cubes that break during this preparatory process. Such breakage, including an approximation of the percentage of cubes that break, shall be noted in the test report.

(210-VI-NEH, January 2014) 523-2

After the sample has been dried following completion of the final test cycle and washed to remove the sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate, the loss of weight shall be determined by subtracting from the original weight of the sample the final weight of all fragments that have not broken into three or more fragments.

The test report shall show the percentage loss of the weight and the results of the qualitative examination.

Rock slab soundness—When specified, the rock shall also be tested in accordance with ASTM D5240.

Deterioration of more than 25 percent of the number of blocks shall be cause for rejection of rock from this source. Rock shall also meet the requirements for average percent weight loss stated below.

• For projects located north of the Number 20 Freeze-Thaw Severity Index Isoline (fig. 523–1).

Unless otherwise specified, the average percent weight loss for Rock Type 1 shall not exceed 20 percent when sodium sulfate is used or 25 percent when magnesium sulfate is used. For Rock Types 2 and 3, the average percent weight loss shall not exceed 25 percent for sodium sulfate soundness or 30 percent for magnesium sulfate soundness.

• For projects located south of the Number 20 Freeze-Thaw Severity Index Isoline, unless otherwise specified, the average percent weight loss for Rock Type 1 shall not exceed 30 percent when sodium sulfate is used or 38 percent when magnesium sulfate is used. For Rock Types 2 and 3, the average percent weight loss shall not exceed 38 percent for sodium sulfate soundness or 45 percent for magnesium sulfate soundness.

Figure 523–1: Number 20 freeze-thaw severity index isoline (map approximates the map in ASTM D5312)

4. Field durability inspection Rock that fails to meet the material requirements stated above (if specified), may be accepted only if similar rock from the same source has been demonstrated to be sound after 5 years or more of service under conditions of weather, wetting and drying, and erosive forces similar to those anticipated for the rock to be installed under this specification.

(210-VI-NEH, January 2014) 523-3

A rock source may be rejected if the rock from that source deteriorates in 3 to 5 years under similar use and exposure conditions expected for the rock to be installed under this specification, even though it meets the testing requirements stated above.

Deterioration is defined as the loss of more than one-quarter of the original rock volume, or severe cracking that would cause a block to split. Measurements of deterioration are taken from linear or surface area particle counts to determine the percentage of deteriorated blocks. Deterioration of more than 25 percent of the pieces shall be cause for rejection of rock from the source.

5. Grading The rock shall conform to the specified grading limits after it has been placed within the matrix of the rock riprap. Grading tests shall be performed, as necessary, according to ASTM D5519, Method A, B, or C, as applicable.

AK-Mekoryuk EWP 600-1

Material Specification 600—Geotextile and Geocomposite

1. Scope This specification covers the quality of geotextiles and geocomposites.

2. General requirements Geotextile and geocomposite are described below. The geocomposite shall be manufactured by extruding two crossing strands to form a bi-planar drainage net structure, and bonding a non-woven geotextile to one or both sides of the geonet. The individual components that comprise the geotextile or geocomposite shall have the following properties:

a) Geonet - The geonet shall be manufactured of pure, high density polyethylene resin, and shall conform to the physical requirements in table 600-1.

b) Geotextile - Fibers (threads and yarns) used in the manufacture of geotextile shall consist of synthetic polymers composed of a minimum of 85 percent by weight polypropylenes, polyesters, polyamides, polyethylene, polyolefins, or polyvinylidene-chlorides. They shall be formed into a stable network of filaments or yarns retaining dimensional stability relative to each other. The geotextile shall be free of defects and conform to the physical requirements in table 600–2. The geotextile shall be free of any chemical treatment or coating that significantly reduces its porosity. Fabric shall be of nonwoven type, formed by a random placement of threads in a mat and bonded by heat-bonding, resin-bonding, or needle punching. Fabrics shall be manufactured from individual fibers formed into a random pattern with distinct, but variable small openings, retaining their position relative to each other when bonded by needle punching, heat, or resin bonding. The use of nonwovens other than the needle punched geotextiles is somewhat restricted (see note 6 of table 600–2).

3. Sampling and testing The geonet or geotextile shall meet the specified requirements (table 600–1 or 600–2) for the product style shown on the label. Product properties as listed in the latest edition of the "Specifiers Guide," Geosynthetics, (Industrial Fabrics Association International, 1801 County Road B, West Roseville, MN 55113-4061 or at http://www.geosindex.com) and that represent minimum average roll values, are acceptable documentation that the product style meets the requirements of these specifications.

For products that do not appear in the above directory or do not have minimum average roll values listed, typical test data from the identified production run of the geotextile or geocomposite will be required for each of the specified tests (tables 600–1 or 600–2) as covered under clause AGAR 452.236-76.

4. Shipping and storage The geotextile and geocomposite shall be shipped/transported in rolls wrapped with a cover for protection from moisture, dust, dirt, debris, and ultraviolet light. The cover shall be maintained undisturbed to the maximum extent possible before placement.

Each roll shall be labeled or tagged to clearly identify the brand, class, and the individual production run in accordance with ASTM D4873.

AK-Mekoryuk EWP 600-2

Table 600–1 Requirements for geonets

Property Test method Class I Class III Class V

Tensile strength (pounds/inch) 1/

ASTM D5035 100 minimum in any principal direction

50 minimum in any principal direction

30 minimum in any principal direction

Thickness (mils)

ASTM D5199

330±30

220±15

160±10

Carbon black

ASTM D4218 2 to 3

Density (g/cm3)

ASTM D1505 0.94 minimum

Transmissivity (m2/sec) 2/

ASTM D4716 8x10-3 minimum average roll value

(MARV) 4/

2.5x10-3 minimum average roll value

(MARV) 4/

1x10-3 minimum average roll value

(MARV) 4/

1/ Minimum average roll value (weakest principal direction).

2/ Transmissivity measured using water at 21±2ºC (70±4ºF) with a gradient of 0.1 and a confining pressure of 10,000 psf between stainless steel plates after 15 minutes. Values may vary between individual labs.

3/ Condition 190/2.16 4/ MARV is statistically defined as mean minus two standard deviations and it is the value which is exceeded by 97.5% of all the test data.

Table 600–2 Requirements for nonwoven geotextiles

Property Test method Class I 6/ Class II 6/ Class III 6/ Class IV 6/ Class V 6/

Grab Tensile strength

(lb) 5/

ASTM D4632

grab test

202 minimum

157 minimum

112 minimum

202 minimum

500 minimum

Elongation at failure(%) 5/

ASTM D4632

50 minimum

Trapezoidal tear strength (pounds) ASTM D4533 79 minimum 56 minimum 40 minimum 79 minimum 200 minimum

Puncture strength (pounds) ASTM D6241 433 minimum 309 minimum 233 minimum 433 minimum 1720 minimum

Ultraviolet light (% retained strength)

ASTM D4355

150-hr exposure 50 minimum

Apparent opening size (AOS) (mm)

ASTM D4751

0.22 maximum or as specified

Permittivity sec–1 ASTM D4491 0.70 minimum or as specified

5/ Minimum average roll value (weakest principal direction).

6/ Needle punched geotextiles may be used for all classes. Heat-bonded or resin bonded geotextiles may be used for classes III and

IV only. They are particularly well suited to class IV.

ms600