J6 - FSH 2409 Timber Cruising Handbook.pdf

2409.12_10

FOREST SERVICE HANDBOOK

SUPERIOR NF (REGION 9)

DULUTH, MN

FSH 2409.12 – TIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK

CHAPTER 10 – DESIGNATING TIMBER FOR CUTTING

Supplement No.: R9 Superior 2409.12-2007-1

Effective Date: June 5, 2007

Duration: This supplement is effective until superseded or removed.

Approved: JAMES W. SANDERS Forest Supervisor

Date Approved: 06/05/2007

Posting Instructions: Supplements are numbered consecutively by Handbook number and calendar year. Post by document; remove the entire document and replace it with this supplement. Retain this transmittal as the first page(s) of this document. The last supplement to this Handbook was 2409.12-2004-2 to Chapter 70.

New Document

R9 Superior 2409.12-2007-1 3 Pages

Superseded Document(s)

(Supplement Number and

Effective Date)

Digest: In order by code, summarize the main additions, revisions, or removal of direction incorporated in this supplement.

12 – Establishes the minimum tree and piece merchantability specifications.

14.11a – Establishes a margin of error allowed before measurement error is assessed against the cruiser.

R9 SUPERIOR SUPPLEMENT 2409.12-2007-1

EFFECTIVE DATE: 06/05/2007

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

2409.12_10

CHAPTER 10 – PRINCIPLES OF MEASURING TREES

12 – TREE MERCHANTABILITY SPECIFICATIONS.

The merchantability standards in the following table will apply to all timber sold or otherwise disposed of.

Species

Product

Diameter

Breast High

(DBH)

(inches)

Number of

Minimum

Pieces per

Tree 1/

Length

(feet)

Diameter

Inside Bark at Small

End

(inches)

Net

Measure in

% of Gross

Measure

White Spruce Sawtimber 9.0 1 8 7.6 40%

Jack Pine Sawtimber 9.0 1 8 7.6 40%

Red Pine Sawtimber 9.0 1 8 7.6 40%

White Pine Sawtimber 9.0 1 8 7.6 40%

Paper Birch Sawtimber 11.0 1 8 9.6 40%

Balsam Fir Pulpwood 5.0 1 8 4.0 70% 2/

White Spruce Pulpwood 5.0 1 8 4.0 70% 2/

Black Spruce Pulpwood 5.0 1 8 4.0 70% 2/

Jack Pine Pulpwood 5.0 1 8 4.0 70% 2/

Red Pine Pulpwood 5.0 1 8 4.0 70% 2/

White Pine Pulpwood 5.0 1 8 4.0 70% 2/

Maple Pulpwood 6.0 1 8 4.0 70% 2/

Paper Birch Pulpwood 6.0 1 8 4.0 70% 2/

Aspen Pulpwood 6.0 1 8 4.0 70% 2/

1/ Must include at least one piece that meets minimum specifications.

2/ Sound and reasonably straight. Seventy percent applies to rot, voids, and char. Mechanical type defects such as sweep, crook, spider heart, and ring shake shall not be considered.

Reasonably straight is when the true line of a minimum length piece does not deviate more than one half the inside diameter of the small end, plus one inch from a straight line drawn between the centers of the ends of the piece. The maximum deflection allowed is what will fit in a 20-inch cylinder.

Unless the cruise plan requires paper birch to be cruised as pulpwood, paper birch 11” DBH and greater will be cruised as sawtimber. The appraiser will determine whether to sell it as sawtimber or lump it in with the pulpwood.

R9 SUPERIOR SUPPLEMENT 2409.12-2007-1

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

2409.12_10

CHAPTER 10 – PRINCIPLES OF MEASURING TREES

14.11a – Recording Diameter of Measure Trees (Tally Tree).

Diameter measurements taken on measure trees for the purpose of volume estimations will be measured and recorded to the nearest tenth of an inch.

A margin of error of + or – 1 tenth of an inch will granted before a measurement error is assessed against the cruiser.

2409.12_40

NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS (WO)

WASHINGTON, DC

FSH 2409.12 - TIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK

CHAPTER 40 - CRUISE PLANNING, DATA RECORDING,

AND CRUISE REPORTING

Amendment No.: 2409.12-2002-2

Effective Date: August 28, 2002

Duration: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

Approved: GLORIA MANNING Associate Deputy Chief for National Forest System

Date Approved: 08/14/2002

Posting Instructions: Amendments are numbered consecutively by Handbook number and amendment. Retain this transmittal as the first page(s) of this document. The last amendment to this Handbook was 2409.12-2002-1 to 2409.12_70.

2409.12_40 18 Pages by Issuance Number and

Effective Date

2409.12,40 Contents (Amendment 2409.12-2000-1, 04/20/2000)

2409.12,40 (Amendment 2409.12-2000-2, 04/20/2000)

2 Pages

14 Pages

Digest:

40 - Makes minor corrections in spelling, punctuation, format, and style throughout the chapter.

Substantive changes are as follows.

41.4 - Clarifies the direction for stratification of timber cruises.

42.2 - Establishes the dot-and-dash notation as the standard tally method.

43.2 - Adds direction for documenting computer software systems used to process timber cruise data (para. 2).

43.5 - Adds direction that the cruise certification is required in addition to the Gate 3 certification.

WO AMENDMENT 2409.12-2002-2

EFFECTIVE DATE: 08/28/2002

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

CHAPTER 40 - CRUISE PLANNING, DATA RECORDING, AND CRUISE REPORTING

Table of Contents

41 - CRUISE PLANNING

41.1 - Sampling Error Standards

41.2 - Silvicultural Guides

41.3 - Sampling Methods and Sampling Intensity

41.31 - How To Use Pre-Cruise Data

41.32 - Supplemental Samples

41.4 - Stratification of Cruises

41.41 - Timber Type

41.42 - Stand

41.43 - Payment or Cutting Unit

41.44 - Species

41.45 - Diameter

41.46 - Other Stratification Methods

41.5 - Merchantability Specifications

41.6 - Sale Work Maps

41.7 - Special Instructions

41.8 - Quality and Value Determination

41.9 - Safety in Cruising

42 - DATA RECORDING

42.1 - Standard Codes

42.2 - Tree Tally Techniques

42.3 - Field Aids and Recording Equipment

42.31 - Field Aids

42.32 - Recording Equipment

42.4 - Forms and Electronic Data Recorders

42.41 - Forms

42.42 - Electronic Data Recorders

42.5 - Other Recording Requirements

42.6 - Data Security

43 - CRUISE REPORTING

43.1 - Information to Report

43.2 - Volume, Value, and Sampling Error Reporting

43.3 - Area Information

43.4 - Other Information

43.5 - Certifying Cruise Information

43.6 - Disposition of Records

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

41 - CRUISE PLANNING

Prepare a cruise plan for each timber sale (FSM 2442.04c and 2442.2). At a minimum, the cruise plan must include:

1. A definition of the sample population(s).

2. The sampling method(s) and intensity for each population.

3. Product merchantability specifications for each population.

4. Sale area maps.

5. Silvicultural guides, when required.

41.1 - Sampling Error Standards

1. Use sampling error standards when sales include the following products:

a. Sawtimber;

b. Pulp;

c. Cedar products, such as shakes, posts, and rails split from trees; and

d. Posts and poles, such as power and utility poles.

2. Do not apply sampling error standards when the products are:

a. For administrative use;

b. Non-convertible products;

c. Cull decks;

d. Non-commercial species;

e. For personal use;

f. Sold by the piece; and

g. Biomass, such as hog fuel.

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

3. When sampling errors apply, advertise only those sales that meet the standards. The maximum sampling errors are at the 95 percent confidence level (two standard errors or t = 2 in the appropriate statistical formulas for relatively large sample sizes). Apply sampling error standards at the sale level and the strata level, and establish value groups at the sale level.

4. For the purpose of design, estimate total sale value using the prices in effect when the fieldwork for the cruise is initiated.

5. Prior to initiation of fieldwork for the cruise, establish value groups that reflect the appraisal groupings for each market area.

6. Use the following error standards for the indicated stand components:

a. Sale-as-a-Whole Volume Error Standard. The error standard for the sale-as-a-whole is dependent on the estimated value of the sale; that is, the estimated value is the expected bid (ex. 01).

b. Stratum Volume Error Standard. The maximum sampling error for any one stratum is 50 percent for scaled sales, and 40 percent for tree measurement sales.

c. Value Group Error Standard. The sale level volume is estimated within plus or minus 40 percent for each value group (that is, the transactional evidence appraisal group) comprising at least 10 percent of the total sale value.

The Regional Forester may establish other standards, as appropriate, for specific salvage sale situations (sec. 04).

Check cruising is required for tree measurement sales in excess of 2,000 hundred cubic feet

(CCF). Refer to section 61.3 for direction on the check cruising process.

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

41.1 - Exhibit 01

Maximum Sampling Errors for the Sale-as-a-Whole Volume Error Standard

(95 Percent Confidence Level)

Estimated Sale Value

Scaled Sales

Tree Measurement Sales

> 5,000 < 15,000 ± 30 ± 20

> 15,000 < 35,000 ± 30 ± 19

> 35,000 < 55,000 ± 30 ± 16

> 55,000 < 75,000 ± 30 ± 14

> 75,000 < 95,000 ± 30 ± 12

> 95,000 ± 20 ± 10

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

41.2 - Silvicultural Guides

Use the silvicultural prescription to determine the appropriate cutting methods. This prescription assists the cruise planner by identifying a stand treatment, which can include information about the species to be removed, and the leave basal area.

Consult with the responsible silviculturist to determine how to integrate the logging needs and conditions of the timber stand with the silvicultural prescription. Ensure that cruise instructions require all marking and cruising to be done within the prescription.

41.3 - Sampling Methods and Sampling Intensity

Use pre-cruise analysis (ch. 30) as the first step in determining cruise methods and sampling intensity. This analysis may include data obtained from one or more of the following sources:

1. Reconnaissance Cruise. Use a reconnaissance cruise of the proposed sale area to provide reliable data for designing a cruise. Randomly locate enough sample units over the proposed sale area to support reliable estimates of coefficients of variation (CV) for the possible cruising methods.

2. Compartment Examination. Use compartment data to determine approximate volume, CV, and species composition. Ensure that proper comparisons are made; for example, the CV derived from point sampling is not reflective of the CV of individual trees.

3. Comparison Cruises. Use data from an adjacent area to estimate statistics for a proposed sale if the stands are similar in form class, tree spacing, and size variation. Comparison of non-similar stands could result in under-sampling, or over-sampling. If under-sampling occurs, a cruise would have to be redone.

41.31 - How To Use Pre-Cruise Data

To determine the most cost-effective cruise method(s), gather enough pre-cruise information to estimate the cost of each cruise method considered. Estimates may be based on the costs of the following:

1. Pre-cruise estimate of the coefficient of variation for the variable of interest of the population to be sampled for each cruise system.

2. Pre-cruise volume and area estimates by stratum.

3. Desired sampling error percent.

4. Stratification of cruises.

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

5. Number of sampling units required (such as plots, points, and trees) by stratum.

6. Establishment (plots, points) and measurement of sampling unit(s) (plots, points, and trees).

7. Acreage determination.

8. Tree marking (including paint) or other form of designation.

9. Data recording.

Use the calculations to compare the costs of different cruising methods to arrive at the method of least cost for the sale-as-a-whole and for each of the sampling strata within the sale.

41.32 - Supplemental Samples

1. In most sampling situations, design the cruise to sample all the identified species or populations in the sale.

2. In rare instances, a minor species or population, for which no sample is selected, may be recorded in the tally. Without a sample, an expanded volume for the species or population cannot be calculated. To avoid such a situation, either combine the minor species or population with a larger species group or population or, if that approach is not feasible, make a sample tree of the first tree encountered of a minor species or population (this approach introduces a bias in the sampling but ensures that the minor species or populations are included in the sale, if no other valid samples are taken).

3. When the original cruise exceeds the desired sampling error and a small number of additional samples are needed to reduce the error to an acceptable level, calculate the total number of additional samples needed, locate and measure unbiased samples in the field, and add these data to the original cruise. Use this method one time only. If the error remains unacceptable, redesign and redo the entire cruise.

41.4 - Stratification of Cruises

1. Assess the potential benefits of stratification for reducing the overall sampling cost during the cruise design process. Proper stratification of samples improves the estimate; requires a smaller number of samples to meet the accuracy standard; and provides a confidence estimate for the different components of a sale, such as for high and low-value species. The following are some examples of cruise stratification methods that can be used. Other examples are provided in sections 41.41 through 41.46. Regional Foresters may supplement the direction in these sections with examples of stratification methods typical for the Region (sec. 04).

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

a. For area-based sampling, group the units by stands, timber types, site quality, or other characteristics that reflect a degree of similarity in the volume or value to be cut per acre.

b. For tree-based sampling, group the populations by tree species, size, or value.

2. Stratify heterogeneous populations to provide more precise estimates of total sale volume or value for a given sample size. Maximize the differences between groupings;

minimize the differences within groupings; and ensure that each group has an adequate number of samples for the population estimates to be useful.

3. Do not stratify homogeneous populations, very small jobs, or uniform cuts because this form of stratification does not improve precision and can have a negative effect on the confidence limit.

4. Do not over stratify. Too much stratification causes the need for increased levels of sampling to meet the accuracy standard.

5. Do not post stratify. Stratification after the field samples are taken does not permit optimum allocation of samples by strata and introduces bias in the estimate.

41.41 - Timber Type

Consider the use of timber type as the basic stratification identifier when both of the following criteria apply:

1. More than one timber type exists in the cutting area, and

2. The largest differences in volume and value between timber types can be explained by the characteristic differences between the timber types.

41.42 - Stand

Consider the use of stands as the basic stratification identifier when both of the following criteria apply:

1. More than one stand exists in the cutting area, and

2. Significant differences in volume and value exist between the stands.

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

41.43 - Payment or Cutting Unit

Consider the use of units or groups of units with similar treatments as the basic stratification identifier when all of the following criteria apply:

1. The timber sale is comprised of more than one cutting or payment unit,

2. Significant differences in volume, value, or variable of interest exist between the units or groups, and

3. Different marking intensities or sampling methods are used in the individual units or groups of units.

41.44 - Species

Consider the use of species as the basic stratification identifier when both of the following criteria apply:

1. More than one species will be cut, and

2. Significant differences in volume, value, defect characteristics, or other variables of interest exist between the species.

41.45 - Diameter

Consider the use of the diameter at breast height (DBH) class as the basic stratification identifier when all of the following criteria apply:

1. A large variation in diameters exists,

2. A sample tree with complete tally (sec. 33) or 3P-sampling (sec. 36) will be used, and

3. The DBH class accounts for the major differences in volume, value, and defect characteristics.

When using the DBH class to identify a population, do not change the estimated class of the tree if the DBH measurement is different from the estimate, or the measurement of sample trees represents other trees in the class that are incorrectly estimated.

41.46 - Other Stratification Methods

Use any other method of stratification that improves the efficiency and accuracy of timber cruises more than the commonly used methods.

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

41.5 - Merchantability Specifications

1. In the cruise plan, specify the:

a. Minimum tree size,

b. Product specification,

c. Tree diameter,

d. Number of product units,

e. Product length,

f. Diameter inside bark at the small end, and

g. Net scale as a percentage of gross.

2. Use the specifications in effect for the area when completing the cruise plan.

3. Specify the utilization standards and timber designation requirements that have to be met in order to complete the cruise plan (FSH 2409.15).

4. When pulpwood and substandard materials are to be cruised as part of the proposed sale, list the instructions for measurement and recording of the material in the cruise plan. Use the Region's merchantability requirements for cruising pulp logs and substandard material.

5. Include special instructions, such as counting or linear measurements, for cruising special products like railroad ties, firewood, poles, posts, piling, shake bolts, and mine timbers.

Length and strength are often more important for such material than the volume they contain.

The cruise design must account for length, diameter limits, and allowable defect for the products specified in the cruise.

41.6 - Sale Work Maps

1. Include the work maps and photographs necessary to execute the cruise. The maps of each cutting unit or other subdivision must contain locations of lines, plots, or strips.

2. Use cutting unit cards or similar documentation to summarize and record field information and instructions from the interdisciplinary team that completed the environmental analysis and the responsible official (line officer) who made the National Environmental Policy

Act decision.

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

41.7 - Special Instructions

Include the following special instructions, as appropriate.

1. Cruising Under Hazardous Conditions. When the pre-cruise survey shows that abnormal cruising conditions are present, the cruise plan should provide the appropriate safety instructions, such as:

a. Stay away from snag areas and broken, wind-damaged tree stands during windy or heavy snow-load periods.

b. Wear non-slip footwear while cruising heavy concentrations of blown-down timber.

c. Maintain radio contact when cruising in isolated and remote areas.

2. Timber Product Volume Estimators. The cruise plan may specify the volume estimation tables to be used on the cruise. Section 22 explains the functions of timber product volume estimators.

3. Painting Requirements. The cruise plan must include security requirements for the use of tracer paint or any special paint marker that may be used. See chapter 70 for direction on tree marking.

4. Cruising Stands With Catastrophic Damage. The Regional Forester shall provide instructions necessary to cruise stands that contain windthrown and broken trees from major windstorms, fire damage, insect epidemics, and flood damage.

41.8 - Quality and Value Determination

List in the cruise plan the tree and log grading guides to be used when cruising for quality and value on the proposed timber sale, especially in areas with higher-value softwood and hardwood sawtimber.

41.9 - Safety in Cruising

Hazards in cruising require all members of the crew to be safety minded at all times. Each crew leader shall have access to a copy of FSH 6709.11, Health and Safety Code Handbook, and shall provide training and information on safety practices for the cruising crew before and during cruising assignments.

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

Following are cross-references to subjects in the Health and Safety Code Handbook, FSH 6709.11, that pertain to individuals engaged in cruising projects:

Chapters Subjects

Chapter 10 - Travel • Travel safety for the cruising assignment

Chapter 20 - Work Projects and Activities • Work in remote areas

• Scaling while on training assignment

• Scaling on mill decks

• Scaling in mill yards

• Timber sale administration, while training or working near logging operations

• Tree felling and bucking

Chapter 40 - Equipment and Machinery • Chopping tools and cutting tools

42 - DATA RECORDING

42.1 - Standard Codes

Use the codes in FSH 2409.14, chapter 80, for recording cruise data. The Regional Forester shall establish the codes for cruise items not listed in the referenced Handbook.

42.2 - Tree Tally Techniques

Use the dot-and-dash notation ( ) ,, which counts in units of ten, as the standard manual tally method for processing and summarizing the cruise data.

42.3 - Field Aids and Recording Equipment

42.31 - Field Aids

Use the following field aids to promote accuracy in data recording:

1. Species codes.

2. Tree codes.

3. Location codes.

4. Tree and log grading rules.

5. Percentage deduction tables.

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

6. Standard upper limit diameter outside bark (DOB) by species.

7. Limiting distance tables for point sampling.

8. Stratification guides.

42.32 - Recording Equipment

1. Cruisers must be equipped with an electronic data recorder or a clipboard with a receptacle for storing cards.

2. Pencils with firm (F) grade lead should be used, but hard black (HB) lead is also acceptable. Other grades are unacceptable. Grades 2H, 3H, or soft grades are difficult to erase cleanly; very hard leads produce especially poor results if the recording paper is damp.

3. Other equipment that may be used includes:

a. Compass.

b. Diameter tape.

c. 100-foot metal or cloth measuring tape.

d. Packsack or vest.

e. Ribbon and tree marking paint.

f. Angle gauge.

g. Height measuring instrument.

h. Pacing stick.

i. Marking pens.

j. Tally sheets.

k. Random sample selection device.

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

42.4 - Forms and Electronic Data Recorders

42.41 - Forms

Use the approved formats for recording cruise data in a consistent manner. Avoid recording data on notebook sheets or other non-standard sheets for subsequent transcribing to standard tally forms. Subsequent transcribing is inefficient and may result in lost records or transcription errors.

Regions shall maintain consistent and approved formats for recording cruise data

(FSM 2442.04). Avoid the use of local forms. Provide standard waterproof forms where cruising must be done under damp conditions. Forms should be printed in green ink on a white background for ease of reading.

42.42 - Electronic Data Recorders

Use electronic data recorders whenever possible. Regions must provide standard programs for data entry; local programs are not permitted.

42.5 - Other Recording Requirements

Cruisers must write numerals and letters legibly avoiding ambiguity to ensure that the data entry operator can accurately enter cruise data into a computer from source documents. Allow ample space for data recording to enable instant, correct recognition by the data entry operator. Edit the data before leaving the plot or point and edit immediately after recording the data for a single tree in sample tree cruises.

42.6 - Data Security

Because timber sale valuation is based on cruise data, it is necessary that cruisers protect any collected data from inadvertent, or willful and fraudulent changes. Use any password or audit trail features available in the data collection software. Secure all completed data collection forms or data recorders in a locked environment to ensure access only by authorized personnel.

Scan any paper forms and electronic data for indications of possible unauthorized changes.

43 - CRUISE REPORTING

43.1 - Information to Report

Compute the necessary information for the particular type of timber sale appraisal, prospectus, contract, and payment method. As needed, generate information such as estimates of live-cut volume and numbers of trees by species; cut volume sampling statistics; dead timber volume and trees; timber quality tabulations; unsound sapwood data; and various appraisal tables.

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

43.2 - Volume, Value, and Sampling Error Reporting

1. Cruisers may use either the National Cruise Program (NATCRS) or the Regional computer programs established by the Regional Forester for calculating and reporting the results of timber cruises. Follow the procedures in chapter 30 to calculate timber cruise estimates.

Computer programs must accommodate data from all Regional cruising systems. Outputs must satisfy informational needs for preparing the appraisal, prospectus, and contract.

a. Document the computer software systems used to process cruise data.

b. At a minimum, include descriptions of all expansion procedures and statistical calculations for all sampling methods supported. Documentation for the National

Cruise Program is available electronically on the FS Web/Internet by accessing the

Forest and Rangelands Staff website at http://www.fs.fed.us/fmsc/measure/cruising/index.php.

c. Provide the required volume and value estimates for developing the appraisal, prospectus, contract, and sum for the sale as a whole.

d. Show the sampling error by timber sale component and for the sale as a whole.

2. Regions may supplement this section with descriptions of, and user instructions for, the selected timber cruise programs.

43.3 - Area Information

Acreage measurements, by total sale and by any subdivision, should be as accurate as possible.

The magnitude of the volume error is in direct proportion to the area error for area-based cruises.

For example, if the acreage measurement error in area is 10 percent high, the volume estimate is also 10 percent high. Summarize point-sample and plot-sample data on a per acre basis, and expand the data by the number of acres in the tract.

Where a closed traverse is used, state the error of closure. See chapter 50 for detailed direction on area determination. Include a statement of the method used to determine area in the timber sale file.

43.4 - Other Information

The cruise report may also include the following elements by payment or logging units:

1. Logging method.

2. Percent slope.

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

3. Method of cut.

4. Sawtimber weights by DBH (diameter at breast height) classes.

5. Chippable component weights (outside of sawlog portion of stem).

6. Sell-product volumes in terms of local log rules.

7. Sell-product volumes in cubic feet for each product.

8. Cut-basal area per acre.

9. Color of marking paint.

10. Environmentally important items not previously identified.

43.5 - Certifying Cruise Information

Include a copy of the cruise inspection summary (sec. 66) in the timber sale file, and provide a cruise certification signed by the District Ranger. The cruise inspection summary must show the names of cruisers and other workers, date of certification, and date of last check. See exhibit 01 for an example of a cruise certification. This certification is required in addition to the certification required when Gate 3 is completed (FSH 2409.18, sec. 12).

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

43.5 - Exhibit 01

Certification of Cruising Standards

CRUISE CERTIFICATION

I certify that the timber for the Dry Creek timber sale has been designated and cruised by the procedures and standards in FSH 2409.12, Timber Cruising Handbook. Records of checks are on file at the

Big Pine Ranger District, Dry Lake, California.

/s/ John H. Smith 8/20/2002

District Ranger Date

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

43.6 - Disposition of Records

Dispose of records in accordance with direction in FSH 6209.11, Records Management

Handbook.

2409.12a

EASTERN REGION (REGION 9)

MILWAUKEE, WI

FSH 2409.12A – TIMBER VOLUME ESTIMATOR HANDBOOK

CHAPTER 50 – APPLICATION

Supplement No.: 2409.12a-2008-1

Effective Date: December 22, 2008

Approved: PAUL L. MOMPER Acting Regional Forester

Date Approved: 12/8/2008 supplement. Retain this transmittal as the first page(s) of this document. There is no previous supplement to this Handbook.

2409.12a-2008-1 16 Pages

None

51.1 – Adds approved regional volume estimators.

51.21 – Clarifies use of Smalian’s formula.

51.31 – Clarifies log segmenting logic.

51.32 – Clarifies trim allowance.

51.33 – Clarifies diameter rounding.

51.34 – Clarifies top logs segmentation.

51.35 – Clarifies merchantable cubic volume conventions.

R9 RO SUPPLEMENT

EFFECTIVE DATE: 12/22/2008

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

2409.12a - 2008 - 1

52.11 – Adds beginning date for use of profile equations.

52.12 – Adds ending date for use of direct volume estimators.

53.3 – Clarifies the types of tree heights used.

53.31 – Clarifies estimation of upper-stem height on abnormal trees.

53.32 – Clarifies measurement of merchantable height.

53.33 – Clarifies use of heights measured in logs.

53.4 – Adds delegation of authority for approval of utilization specifications.

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

51 - STANDARDIZATION

51.1 – Approved Regional Volume Estimators

51.11 – Cubic Foot Volume

1. Through Calendar Year 2008. Timber sales appraised through December 31, 2008 must have the cubic foot volume calculated or derived from equations based on the system described in the document Composite Volume Tables for Timber and Their Application in the

Lake States, Forest Service Technical Bulletin No. 1104 (1955) by S.R. Gevorkiantz and L.P.

Olsen. This is a direct volume estimation model. Species-specific correction factors are applied, as discussed in Standard Correction Factors By Species To Be Applied When Calculationg

Individual Tree Volumes In Units Of Piled Cords, Cubic Feet, Board Feet (1959) by W.W.

Barton, G. Semmens, and C. Stott.

2. Calendar Year 2009 and Later. Timber sales appraised on or after January 1, 2009 must have the cubic foot volume calculated or derived from the system described in the document Stem Profile Equations for Southern Tree Species, Research Paper SE-282 (1991) by

Alexander Clark III, Ray A. Souter, and Bryce E. Schlaegel. This is a segmented-profile model.

Model coefficients for the equations presented in Research Paper SE-282 have been developed for species and species groups found in Region 9, and are displayed in exhibits 01 through 08 on the following pages. In some cases the set of coefficients used depends on the diameter inside bark (DIB) to which the upper-stem height of the tree was measured, or the diameter outside bark (DOB) at a particular point on the stem. Diameter at breast height (DBH) is always measured outside the bark.

The equations presented in Research Paper SE-282 are used in such a way that regardless of the type of height recorded, the cubic foot volumes can be calculated to any upper-stem diameter, including to the very tip of the tree. The timber cruising software allows for specification of the upper-stem diameter to which volumes are calculated.

Topwood is the merchantable part of the main stem of a sawtimber tree that exists above the sawtimber material. The timber cruising software uses a method that allows calculation of topwood volume to any merchantable diameter specified. Since the topwood ratio described in

Research Paper SE-282 uses a fixed merchantable diameter of 4.0 inches, it is not flexible enough for general use in Region 9.

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

51.1 – Exhibit 01

Inside-Bark Stem-Profile Coefficients For Use When Total Height Is Known 1/

Butt Lower Stem Upper Stem

Species or Species Group r c e p b a

All Conifers 21.21 0.635 20 2.554 2.010 0.742

Balsam Fir 38.10 1.270 -23 1.745 2.165 0.900

Eastern RedCedar 26.14 1.080 46 1.832 1.610 0.913

Tamarack 58.51 0.966 42 6.623 1.800 1.000

All Spruces 13.10 0.979 -38 2.254 2.703 0.896

White Spruce 10.90 0.919 23 2.411 1.736 0.809

Black Spruce 30.58 1.161 -50 1.641 3.800 0.900

All Pines 43.38 0.653 18 1.381 2.046 0.716

Jack Pine 47.10 0.697 14 0.566 2.303 0.821

Shortleaf Pine 16.10 0.517 -14 2.165 2.989 0.718

Red Pine 37.10 0.571 25 2.302 2.318 0.732

Eastern White Pine 52.14 0.755 88 3.354 1.626 0.633

Northern White-Cedar 15.10 1.146 -9 2.236 1.760 0.912

Eastern Hemlock 38.28 1.071 -99 5.338 1.599 0.612

All Hardwoods 27.22 0.737 22 3.505 1.265 0.420

All Maples 30.15 0.638 52 4.515 1.146 0.275

Red Maple 28.77 0.554 43 4.970 1.103 0.332

Silver Maple 0.01 0.219 1042 0.100 1.195 0.283

Sugar Maple 52.40 0.902 89 5.020 1.154 0.262

All Birches 45.67 1.089 2 3.113 1.173 0.323

Yellow Birch 22.80 0.778 118 4.722 1.107 0.186

Paper Birch 56.60 1.198 1 0.100 1.249 0.427

All Hickories 58.96 0.977 346 17.287 4.500 1.000

Pignut Hickory 52.40 1.542 -391 4.765 1.291 0.404

Shagbark Hickory 70.00 1.434 -484 16.753 1.399 0.418

Mockernut Hickory 23.81 0.564 48 10.180 1.503 0.445

American Beech 54.10 0.690 141 4.031 1.158 0.100

All Ashes 61.51 1.050 18 13.781 1.282 0.369

White Ash 66.63 1.063 -116 15.185 1.298 0.366

Black Ash 54.11 1.519 -79 8.867 1.162 0.159

Yellow Poplar 19.09 0.411 259 10.120 1.511 0.550

American Sycamore 70.00 0.203 4600 2.570 1.341 0.432

All Cottonwoods 0.00 0.273 389 2.980 1.328 0.426

Eastern Cottonwood 0.00 0.273 389 2.980 1.328 0.426

All Poplars 46.23 0.799 -30 3.021 1.772 0.596

Balsam Poplar 70.00 0.649 586 0.918 2.237 0.752

Bigtooth Aspen 60.80 0.762 -40 3.581 1.667 0.582

Quaking Aspen 44.23 0.812 -24 2.872 1.798 0.599

All Cherries and Plums 65.82 0.452 314 7.271 1.464 0.631

Black Cherry 50.70 0.390 291 9.327 1.461 0.634

All Oaks 26.10 0.892 32 2.164 1.159 0.297

White Oak 27.98 1.080 67 1.349 1.085 0.204

Scarlet Oak 60.10 0.936 388 3.898 1.211 0.158

Northern Pin Oak 3.76 0.758 3 1.736 4.300 1.000

Bur Oak 0.02 0.551 217 2.919 4.700 1.000

Chestnut Oak 70.00 1.013 21 15.681 1.351 0.380

Northern Red Oak 42.60 1.052 5 2.803 1.196 0.438

Black Oak 13.90 0.701 122 1.079 1.228 0.246

All Basswoods 38.08 0.966 -91 12.750 1.612 0.556

American Basswood 38.08 0.966 -91 12.750 1.612 0.556

All Elms 29.00 1.024 90 4.976 1.060 0.175

American Elm 49.33 1.422 78 5.911 1.063 0.168

For use in equations 1, 2, and 3 in Research Paper SE-282.

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

51.1 – Exhibit 02

Inside-Bark Stem-Profile Coefficients For Use When Height to 4-Inch DIB Is Known

Species or Species Group r c e p q

All Conifers 12.10 0.595 19 2.316 1.042

Balsam Fir 26.10 1.200 22 1.304 1.234

Eastern RedCedar 17.31 1.058 50 1.295 1.428

Tamarack 23.78 0.706 75 5.176 1.440

All Spruces 11.40 0.989 -28 1.426 1.171

White Spruce 10.78 0.908 98 1.666 1.194

Black Spruce 22.50 1.080 -16 0.626 0.974

All Pines 27.10 0.581 33 1.655 1.018

Jack Pine 34.10 0.666 29 0.969 1.042

Shortleaf Pine 12.77 0.509 -9 1.762 0.702

Red Pine 18.10 0.488 29 1.954 0.907

Eastern White Pine 39.22 0.686 177 2.522 1.190

Northern White-Cedar 11.10 1.112 30 1.873 1.322

Eastern Hemlock 28.20 0.985 -37 3.492 1.095

All Hardwoods 18.09 0.685 44 3.010 1.093

All Maples 21.61 0.618 78 2.513 1.111

Red Maple 19.61 0.462 79 2.851 1.236

Silver Maple 0.02 0.193 1161 0.100 1.048

Sugar Maple 35.62 0.898 134 3.089 1.089

All Birches 31.07 1.003 48 2.480 1.121

Yellow Birch 23.87 0.812 206 3.900 1.170

Paper Birch 33.58 1.033 47 0.741 1.022

All Hickories 35.40 0.792 561 18.218 1.397

Pignut Hickory 27.81 1.466 -695 0.921 1.146

Shagbark Hickory 70.00 1.750 -726 17.343 0.999

Mockernut Hickory 9.90 0.515 40 8.564 1.028

American Beech 29.31 0.527 169 2.720 1.298

All Ashes 40.82 0.890 89 12.660 1.128

White Ash 49.10 0.924 4 14.525 1.123

Black Ash 36.30 1.400 -18 7.553 1.191

Yellow Poplar 15.81 0.406 289 7.340 1.055

American Sycamore 62.01 0.186 5091 1.307 1.105

All Cottonwoods -20.00 0.283 479 3.015 1.079

Eastern Cottonwood -20.00 0.283 479 3.015 1.079

All Poplars 32.10 0.716 7 2.606 0.856

Balsam Poplar 59.40 0.533 806 0.683 0.844

Bigtooth Aspen 44.86 0.711 -8 2.428 0.892

Quaking Aspen 34.16 0.754 17 2.502 0.845

All Cherries and Plums 43.00 0.368 364 2.580 1.156

Black Cherry 39.20 0.354 348 2.680 1.168

All Oaks 19.29 0.854 77 1.734 1.129

White Oak 21.73 1.027 164 0.867 1.164

Scarlet Oak 44.81 0.868 500 3.414 1.080

Northern Pin Oak 10.94 0.793 89 1.412 1.114

Bur Oak 51.70 0.695 2280 0.923 1.357

Chestnut Oak 70.00 1.185 242 11.960 1.076

Northern Red Oak 24.10 0.904 37 2.242 1.125

Black Oak 11.56 0.682 186 1.091 1.101

All Basswoods 26.30 0.850 -47 9.510 0.939

American Basswood 26.30 0.850 -47 9.510 0.939

All Elms 22.02 0.864 292 7.401 1.232

American Elm 28.00 1.100 234 8.624 1.173

For use in equations 4, 5, and 6 in Research Paper SE-282.

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

51.1 – Exhibit 03

Inside-Bark Stem-Profile Coefficients For Use When Height to 7- or 9-Inch DIB Is Known

Species or Species Group r c e p q

All Conifers 8.43 0.539 81 1.416 0.894

Balsam Fir 16.67 0.807 509 1.211 1.034

Eastern RedCedar 20.13 1.528 -220 0.342 0.000

Tamarack 8.84 1.406 -664 3.080 0.000

All Spruces 2.30 0.916 -76 1.428 0.932

White Spruce 4.22 0.891 27 1.450 0.947

Black Spruce 0.01 1.035 -247 1.373 0.884

All Pines 25.00 0.571 121 1.143 0.943

Jack Pine 24.10 0.616 112 0.675 0.998

Shortleaf Pine 12.92 0.443 47 2.813 0.652

Red Pine 28.07 0.526 156 0.751 0.821

Eastern White Pine 30.75 0.610 605 3.439 1.063

Northern White-Cedar 14.70 0.307 1449 0.764 0.855

Eastern Hemlock 23.10 0.834 393 3.961 0.818

All Hardwoods 12.10 0.635 203 2.242 0.917

All Maples 16.91 0.436 638 1.921 0.994

Red Maple 6.99 0.316 353 1.714 1.136

Silver Maple -20.00 0.185 466 2.976 0.931

Sugar Maple 24.30 0.572 888 2.167 0.927

All Birches 12.24 0.697 369 0.592 0.913

Yellow Birch 11.77 0.679 568 1.586 0.709

Paper Birch 15.10 0.621 521 0.100 0.958

All Hickories 23.31 1.076 119 3.362 0.688

Pignut Hickory 8.09 1.528 -1000 2.071 1.316

Shagbark Hickory 70.00 3.010 -920 0.100 0.768

Mockernut Hickory 3.16 0.703 -90 9.418 0.595

American Beech 30.10 0.632 685 2.650 0.821

All Ashes 25.90 0.711 572 8.250 1.000

White Ash 35.71 0.758 682 9.402 0.999

Black Ash 29.00 1.064 1955 4.747 0.887

Yellow Poplar 22.51 0.129 2015 7.193 0.846

American Sycamore 52.80 0.749 4117 2.380 0.591

All Cottonwoods 0.00 0.291 274 0.100 0.764

Eastern Cottonwood 0.00 0.291 274 0.100 0.764

All Poplars 15.10 0.626 117 1.729 0.868

Balsam Poplar 0.01 0.070 495 0.560 0.411

Bigtooth Aspen 23.50 0.548 246 1.819 0.788

Quaking Aspen 15.01 0.650 118 1.697 0.873

All Cherries and Plums 64.24 0.341 1804 6.469 1.161

Black Cherry 64.24 0.341 1804 6.469 1.161

All Oaks 17.01 0.778 400 1.692 0.854

White Oak 12.36 0.745 641 1.988 0.909

Scarlet Oak 22.42 0.536 660 2.043 0.718

Northern Pin Oak 19.40 1.212 -418 0.508 0.527

Bur Oak -20.00 0.146 866 29.420 0.687

Chestnut Oak 31.63 0.378 1938 10.267 0.901

Northern Red Oak 19.36 0.886 225 1.503 0.868

Black Oak 30.92 0.879 882 2.735 0.861

All Basswoods 31.49 1.071 -57 5.700 0.767

American Basswood 31.49 1.071 -57 5.700 0.767

All Elms 11.28 1.076 199 4.851 1.060

American Elm 11.83 1.192 38 4.880 1.064

Height measured in conifers to 7-inch DIB, and in hardwoods to 9-inch DIB.

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

51.1 – Exhibit 04

Coefficients For Estimating DIB at 4.5 Feet From DBH

Species or Species Group a b

All Conifers 0.073 0.921

Balsam Fir -0.089 0.951

Eastern RedCedar -0.107 0.982

Tamarack 0.042 0.941

All Spruces -0.180 0.969

White Spruce -0.048 0.960

Black Spruce -0.127 0.959

All Pines 0.020 0.919

Jack Pine -0.220 0.945

Shortleaf Pine 0.002 0.907

Red Pine 0.119 0.913

Eastern White Pine 0.000 0.919

Northern White-Cedar 0.171 0.935

Eastern Hemlock -0.428 0.947

All Hardwoods -0.210 0.949

All Maples -0.049 0.946

Red Maple -0.490 0.984

Silver Maple -0.750 0.998

Sugar Maple -0.036 0.943

All Birches -0.081 0.949

Yellow Birch -0.092 0.950

Paper Birch -0.082 0.949

All Hickories -0.580 0.968

Pignut Hickory -0.770 0.988

Shagbark Hickory -0.039 0.941

Mockernut Hickory 0.131 0.900

American Beech -0.310 0.986

All Ashes -0.364 0.947

White Ash -0.910 0.975

Black Ash -0.570 0.986

Yellow Poplar 0.366 0.915

American Sycamore -0.710 0.998

All Cottonwoods -0.044 0.922

Eastern Cottonwood -0.044 0.922

All Poplars -0.235 0.948

Balsam Poplar -0.870 0.989

Bigtooth Aspen -0.148 0.941

Quaking Aspen -0.204 0.946

All Cherries and Plums -0.593 0.991

Black Cherry -0.614 0.992

All Oaks -0.600 0.966

White Oak -0.176 0.939

Scarlet Oak -0.870 0.991

Northern Pin Oak -0.770 0.978

Bur Oak -0.856 0.972

Chestnut Oak -0.379 0.939

Northern Red Oak -0.870 0.982

Black Oak -0.790 0.977

All Basswoods -0.870 0.989

American Basswood -0.870 0.989

All Elms 0.021 0.932

American Elm -0.019 0.935

DIB = b * DBH + a

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

51.1 – Exhibit 05

Coefficients For Estimating DIB at 17.3 Feet From DBH and Total Height

All Conifers 0.927 -0.833

Balsam Fir 0.839 -0.360

Eastern RedCedar 0.788 -0.607

Tamarack 0.838 -0.140

All Spruces 0.879 -0.661

White Spruce 0.865 -0.640

Black Spruce 0.913 -0.781

All Pines 0.931 -0.770

Jack Pine 0.920 -0.781

Shortleaf Pine 0.968 -0.827

Red Pine 0.941 -0.750

Eastern White Pine 0.884 -0.471

Northern White-Cedar 0.896 -1.075

Eastern Hemlock 0.982 -1.141

All Hardwoods 0.912 -0.865

All Maples 0.916 -1.017

Red Maple 0.897 -0.910

Silver Maple 1.049 -4.600

Sugar Maple 0.933 -1.103

All Birches 0.882 -0.513

Yellow Birch 0.838 -0.490

Paper Birch 0.937 -0.990

All Hickories 0.939 -0.990

Pignut Hickory 0.892 -0.377

Shagbark Hickory 0.928 -0.780

Mockernut Hickory 0.952 -0.638

American Beech 0.906 -1.199

All Ashes 0.854 0.281

White Ash 0.848 0.360

Black Ash 0.876 -0.076

Yellow Poplar 0.952 -1.660

American Sycamore 0.841 -0.570

All Cottonwoods 0.919 -1.990

Eastern Cottonwood 0.919 -1.990

All Poplars 0.941 -0.990

Balsam Poplar 0.916 -0.890

Bigtooth Aspen 0.953 -1.046

Quaking Aspen 0.939 -0.990

All Cherries and Plums 0.941 -0.990

Black Cherry 0.942 -0.990

All Oaks 0.920 -1.005

White Oak 0.970 -1.641

Scarlet Oak 0.948 -0.670

Northern Pin Oak 0.948 -1.206

Bur Oak 0.969 -1.251

Chestnut Oak 0.850 0.486

Northern Red Oak 0.919 -0.989

Black Oak 0.834 0.010

All Basswoods 0.918 -1.303

American Basswood 0.918 -1.303

All Elms 0.930 -1.519

American Elm 0.932 -1.601

DIB17 = DBH ( a + b (17.3 / H ) where H is total height

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

51.1 – Exhibit 06

Coefficients For Estimating DIB at 17.3 Feet From DBH and Height to 4-Inch DIB

All Conifers 0.888 -0.201

Balsam Fir 0.827 -0.100

Eastern RedCedar 0.861 -0.296

Tamarack 0.893 -0.221

All Spruces 0.837 -0.134

White Spruce 0.833 -0.195

Black Spruce 0.879 -0.164

All Pines 0.892 -0.162

Jack Pine 0.872 -0.138

Shortleaf Pine 0.943 -0.342

Red Pine 0.902 -0.165

Eastern White Pine 0.873 -0.199

Northern White-Cedar 0.800 -0.183

Eastern Hemlock 0.951 -0.469

All Hardwoods 0.887 -0.230

All Maples 0.875 -0.178

Red Maple 0.856 -0.170

Silver Maple 0.970 -1.833

Sugar Maple 0.892 -0.166

All Birches 0.867 -0.140

Yellow Birch 0.818 -0.131

Paper Birch 0.898 -0.200

All Hickories 0.915 -0.209

Pignut Hickory 0.876 -0.040

Shagbark Hickory 0.938 -0.490

Mockernut Hickory 0.936 -0.170

American Beech 0.881 -0.319

All Ashes 0.868 -0.010

White Ash 0.859 0.078

Black Ash 0.887 -0.160

Yellow Poplar 0.937 -0.750

American Sycamore 0.842 -0.390

All Cottonwoods 0.891 -0.740

Eastern Cottonwood 0.891 -0.740

All Poplars 0.898 -0.173

Balsam Poplar 0.864 -0.151

Bigtooth Aspen 0.919 -0.233

Quaking Aspen 0.892 -0.151

All Cherries and Plums 0.914 -0.218

Black Cherry 0.929 -0.390

All Oaks 0.888 -0.266

White Oak 0.920 -0.490

Scarlet Oak 0.909 0.008

Northern Pin Oak 0.890 -0.292

Bur Oak 0.938 -0.430

Chestnut Oak 0.849 0.310

Northern Red Oak 0.890 -0.270

Black Oak 0.822 0.110

All Basswoods 0.882 -0.383

American Basswood 0.882 -0.383

All Elms 0.870 -0.274

American Elm 0.867 -0.270 where H is height measured to a 4-inch DIB

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

51.1 – Exhibit 07

Coefficients For Estimating DIB at 17.3 Feet From DBH and Height to 7- or 9-Inch DIB

All Conifers 0.844 0.000

Balsam Fir 0.802 0.000

Eastern RedCedar 0.606 0.000

Tamarack 0.881 -0.007

All Spruces 0.800 0.001

White Spruce 0.796 -0.002

Black Spruce 0.823 0.000

All Pines 0.862 0.000

Jack Pine 0.830 0.000

Shortleaf Pine 0.908 -0.008

Red Pine 0.872 0.000

Eastern White Pine 0.864 0.000

Northern White-Cedar 0.732 0.000

Eastern Hemlock 0.850 -0.009

All Hardwoods 0.857 0.000

All Maples 0.842 0.000

Red Maple 0.822 0.000

Silver Maple 0.787 0.119

Sugar Maple 0.858 0.000

All Birches 0.844 0.000

Yellow Birch 0.792 0.000

Paper Birch 0.867 0.000

All Hickories 0.883 0.002

Pignut Hickory 0.945 -0.124

Shagbark Hickory 0.856 0.140

Mockernut Hickory 0.928 0.099

American Beech 0.839 0.000

All Ashes 0.855 0.000

White Ash 0.851 0.000

Black Ash 0.866 0.000

Yellow Poplar 0.905 -0.027

American Sycamore 0.838 -0.300

All Cottonwoods 0.765 0.363

Eastern Cottonwood 0.765 0.363

All Poplars 0.878 0.000

Balsam Poplar 0.831 0.000

Bigtooth Aspen 0.889 0.000

Quaking Aspen 0.876 0.000

All Cherries and Plums 0.892 -0.003

Black Cherry 0.892 -0.003

All Oaks 0.858 0.000

White Oak 0.858 -0.002

Scarlet Oak 0.919 -0.029

Northern Pin Oak 0.860 -0.014

Bur Oak 0.853 0.071

Chestnut Oak 0.869 0.000

Northern Red Oak 0.852 0.000

Black Oak 0.869 -0.002

All Basswoods 0.843 0.000

American Basswood 0.843 0.000

All Elms 0.836 -0.001

American Elm 0.836 -0.001 where H is height measured in conifers to 7-inch DIB, in hardwoods to 9-inch DIB.

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

51.1 – Exhibit 08

Average DIB Where DOB is 4.0 Inches And Where DOB is 7.0 or 9.0 Inches

Species or Species Group 4.0 DOB 7.0 or 9.0 DOB

All Conifers 3.7 6.6

Balsam Fir 3.7 6.5

Eastern RedCedar 3.8 6.8

Tamarack 3.6 6.5

All Spruces 3.7 6.6

White Spruce 3.7 6.6

Black Spruce 3.7 6.6

All Pines 3.7 6.6

Jack Pine 3.7 6.6

Shortleaf Pine 3.6 6.5

Red Pine 3.7 6.7

Eastern White Pine 3.7 6.5

Northern White-Cedar 3.7 6.6

Eastern Hemlock 3.5 6.4

All Hardwoods 3.6 8.3

All Maples 3.7 8.4

Red Maple 3.7 8.4

Silver Maple 3.7 8.3

Sugar Maple 3.7 8.4

All Birches 3.7 8.4

Yellow Birch 3.6 8.3

Paper Birch 3.7 8.4

All Hickories 3.6 8.4

Pignut Hickory 3.7 8.3

Shagbark Hickory 3.7 8.5

Mockernut Hickory 3.4 8.1

American Beech 3.8 8.6

All Ashes 3.6 8.1

White Ash 3.5 8.1

Black Ash 3.6 8.3

Yellow Poplar 3.5 8.4

American Sycamore 3.9 8.8

All Cottonwoods 3.5 8.1

Eastern Cottonwood 3.5 8.1

All Poplars 3.7 8.4

Balsam Poplar 3.6 8.2

Bigtooth Aspen 3.7 8.4

Quaking Aspen 3.7 8.4

All Cherries and Plums 3.7 8.4

Black Cherry 3.7 8.4

All Oaks 3.6 8.2

White Oak 3.5 8.2

Scarlet Oak 3.6 8.3

Northern Pin Oak 3.5 8.2

Bur Oak 3.2 7.7

Chestnut Oak 3.3 7.9

Northern Red Oak 3.6 8.3

Black Oak 3.6 8.2

All Basswoods 3.5 8.2

American Basswood 3.5 8.2

All Elms 3.5 8.2

American Elm 3.6 8.2

Conifers show DIB for 7-inch DOB, hardwoods for 9-inch DOB.

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

51.12 – Board Foot Volume

Board foot volumes are estimated using either the Scribner board foot rule or the International

1/4-Inch board foot rule. The rule used varies by Forest.

1. Through Calendar Year 2008. Timber sales appraised through December 31, 2008 must have the board foot volume calculated or derived from appropriate tables, as described below. Species-specific correction factors are applied, as discussed in Standard Correction

Factors By Species To Be Applied When Calculationg Individual Tree Volumes In Units Of Piled

Cords, Cubic Feet, Board Feet (1959) by W.W. Barton, G. Semmens, and C. Stott.

The Chequamegon-Nicolet, Chippewa, Hiawatha, Ottawa, and Superior use Scribner board foot volumes from Composite Volume Tables for Timber and Their Application in the Lake States, Forest Service Technical Bulletin No. 1104 (1955) by S.R. Gevorkiantz and L.P. Olsen.

The Hoosier, Huron-Manistee, Mark Twain, Shawnee, and Wayne use International 1/4-Inch volumes from Composite Volume Tables for Timber and Their Application in the Lake States, Forest Service Technical Bulletin No. 1104 (1955) by S.R. Gevorkiantz and L.P. Olsen.

The Allegheny uses International 1/4-Inch volumes from Tables For Estimating Board Foot

Volume Of Timber (1946) by C. Mesavage and J.W. Girard. Form class 82 is used.

The Green Mountain and Finger Lakes and White Mountain use International 1/4-Inch volumes from International Log Rule For Long Logs, Journal Of Forestry 42(2):136-138 (1944) by F.C.

Simmons. Form class 80 used.

The Monongahela uses two different systems. For hardwoods, International 1/4-Inch volumes are from Tables For Estimating Board Foot Volume Of Timber (1946) by C. Mesavage and J.W.

Girard. Form class 82 is used. For conifers, International 1/4-Inch volumes are from Form-

Class Volume Tables For Estimating Board-Foot Content Of Northern Conifers, Station Paper

NE-38 (1951) by C.A. Bickford. Form class 80 used.

2. Calendar Year 2009 and Later. Timber sales appraised on or after January 1, 2009 must have the board foot volume calculated or derived from the appropriate equation, as described below. The length of sawtimber in a tree is first segmented into logs. The board foot volume of each log is calculated and the volume from all logs is then summed.

The Chequamegon-Nicolet, Chippewa, Hiawatha, Ottawa, and Superior use Scribner board foot volumes from the Official Log Scaling and Grading Rules developed by the Northwest Log

Rules Advisory Group, and revised July 1, 1972. The factors are shown in exhibit 09 below.

DURATION: Effective until superseded or removed

51.1 – Exhibit 09

Factors For Computing Scribner Board Foot Log Volumes

Dia (in) Factor Dia (in) Factor Dia (in) Factor Dia (in) Factor

1 0.000 31 44.376 61 174.850 91 402.499

2 0.143 32 45.975 62 180.749 92 410.834

3 0.390 33 48.990 63 186.623 93 419.166

4 0.676 34 50.000 64 193.170 94 428.380

5 1.070 35 54.688 65 199.120 95 437.499

6 1.160 36 57.660 66 205.685 96 446.565

7 1.400 37 64.319 67 211.810 97 455.010

8 1.501 38 66.730 68 218.501 98 464.150

9 2.084 39 70.000 69 225.685 99 473.430

10 3.126 40 75.240 70 232.499 100 482.490

11 3.749 41 79.480 71 239.317 101 491.700

12 4.900 42 83.910 72 246.615 102 501.700

13 6.043 43 87.190 73 254.040 103 511.700

14 7.140 44 92.501 74 261.525 104 521.700

15 8.880 45 94.990 75 269.040 105 531.700

16 10.000 46 99.075 76 276.630 106 541.700

17 11.528 47 103.501 77 284.260 107 552.499

18 13.290 48 107.970 78 292.501 108 562.501

19 14.990 49 112.292 79 300.655 109 573.350

20 17.499 50 116.990 80 308.970 110 583.350

21 18.990 51 121.650 81 317.360 111…