ATTACHMENT_B-WA_NWCB-Noxious_weed_list_2015.pdf

Washington State Noxious Weed List

List arranged alphabetically by:

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Ravenna grass (Saccharum ravennae) a new Class A noxious weed for 2015

Adams (509) 659-1806 Adam - District #1 (509) 488-9023 Asotin (509) 243-2098 Benton (509) 943-6005 Benton - District #1 (509) 786-5609 Chelan (509) 667-6576 Clallam (360) 417-2442 Clark (360) 397-6140 Columbia (509) 382-9760 Cowlitz (360) 577-3117 Douglas (WSU) (509) 745-8531 Ferry (509) 775-5225 Ext. 1111 Franklin (509) 545-3847 Garfield (509) 843-1913 Grant (509) 754-2011 Ext. 375 Grant - District #1 (509) 750-8948 Grant - District #3 (509) 785-3621 Grays Harbor (360) 482-2265 Island (360) 678-7992 Jefferson (360) 379-5610 Ext. 205 King (206) 477-9333 Kitsap (360) 307-4242 Kittitas (509) 962-7007 Klickitat (509) 773-5810 Lewis (360) 740-1215 Lincoln (509) 725-3646 Mason (360) 427-9670 Ext. 592 Okanogan (509) 422-7165 Pacific (360) 875-9425 Pend Oreille (509) 447-2402 Pierce (253) 798-7263 San Juan (360) 376-3499 Skagit (360) 336-9430 Skamania (509) 427-3941 Snohomish (425) 388-7548

Spokane (509) 477-5777 Stevens (509) 684-7590 Thurston (360) 786-5576 Wahkiakum (360) 795-3852 Walla Walla (509)-524-2688 Whatcom (360) 715-7470 Whitman (509) 397-6261 Yakima (509) 574-2180

County Contacts

To learn more about noxious weeds and noxious weed control in Washington State, please contact:

WA State Noxious Weed Control Board P.O. Box 42560

Olympia, WA 98504-2560 (360)-725-5764

Email: noxiousweeds@agr.wa.gov Website: http://www.nwcb.wa.gov

Or WA State Department of Agriculture

21 North First Avenue #103 Yakima, WA 98902

(509) 249-6973

County Contacts Noxious weed list changes for 2015

New Class A noxious weed:

Ravenna grass, Saccharum ravennae Ravenna grass is a large, nonnative, perennial, ornamental grass that has recently been found escaping in eastern Washington. Its large, basal clumps of leaves can crowd out native and desirable plant species. In Washington, seeds of Ravenna grass are spreading from ornamental plantings and are successfully germinating in a wide range of habitats, including locations near the Columbia and Yakima Rivers. Locations of Ravenna grass are still limited in Washington and eradication is now required throughout the state.

Noxious Weed Scientific Name Updates:

Meadow knapweed, Centaurea x moncktonii (previously Centaurea jacea x nigra)

Hoary cress, Lepidium draba (previously Cardaria draba)

Hairy whitetop, Lepidium appelianum (previously Cardaria pubescens)

New Class C noxious weed:

Pampas grass, Cortaderia selloana Pampas grass is a large, perennial grass that grows in clumps called tussocks. Basal clumps of long, narrow leaves have sharp edges and grow to around 4 feet tall, and upright stems grow out of the tussock, up to 6 to 13 feet. Showy plumes of flowers bloom at stem tips. Pampas grass is used in ornamental plantings in Washington. It is a known invasive species in California and is also escaped in Oregon. Last year, escaped populations of pampas grass were discovered in Washington, with the largest infestation having almost 500 plants.

Weed Class Change:

Shiny geranium, Geranium lucidum Class A to a Class B As a Class B noxious weed, shiny geranium is designated for required control everywhere in the state except Clark County, where control requirements will be decided at the county level due to the number and distribution of infestations.

Joseph M . D iTom aso, U of C A-D avis, Bugw ood.org

New Class C noxious weed:

Jubata grass, Cortaderia jubata Jubata grass is also a large, nonnative, perennial bunchgrass that is occasionally used as an ornamental species. Pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana), which looks very similar, is the showier of the two species and is more often planted in landscapes. Jubata grass is a listed noxious weed in California, with large infestation occurring along the coast. It is also a noxious weed in Oregon and escaped plants have been documented in Washington.

John M. Randall, TNC, Bugwood.org

New Class C noxious weed:

Italian arum, Arum italicum Italian arum is a nonnative, perennial groundcover that was originally introduced as an ornamental plant. It has arrowhead-shaped leaves with creamy white veins and markings. The leaves die back in the summer, exposing showy orange-red berries. While its spread appears to be moderate, once established in the landscape, it is very difficult to control. It has now naturalized in a number of counties in Western Washington.

Weed Classes: A, B, and C Class A Weeds: Non-native species whose distribution in Washington is still limited.

Preventing new infestations and eradicating existing infestations are the highest priority.

Eradication of Class A plants is required by law.

Class B Weeds: Non-native species presently limited to portions of the State. Species are designated for control in regions where they are not yet widespread. Preventing new infestations in these areas is a high priority. In regions where a Class B species is already abundant, control is decided at the local level, with containment as the primary goal. Please contact your County Noxious Weed Control Coordinator to learn which species are designated in your area.

Class C Weeds: Noxious weeds that are typically widespread in WA or are of special interest to the state’s agricultural industry. The Class C status allows counties to require control if locally desired. Other counties may choose to provide education or technical consultation.

Class A Noxious Weeds - Eradication required Class B Noxious Weeds-Continued Class C Noxious Weeds

Aegilops cylindrica jointed goatgrass Ailanthus altissima tree-of-heaven Alopecurus myosuroides blackgrass Artemisia absinthium absinth wormwood Arum italicum Italian arum Berberis vulgaris common barberry Cenchrus longispinus longspine sandbur Cirsium arvense thistle, Canada Cirsium vulgare thistle, bull Clematis vitalba old man’s beard Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed Cortaderia jubata jubata grass Cortaderia selloana pampas grass Cuscuta approximata smoothseed alfalfa dodder

To help protect the State’s resources and economy, the Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board adopts a State Noxious Weed List each year (WAC 16-750). This list groups weeds into three major classes – A, B, and C – based on the distribution of each species and the seriousness of the threat they pose to Washington State. This classification system is designed to:

• Prevent small infestations from expanding by eradicating them when they are first detected

• Restrict already established weed populations to regions of the state where they occur and prevent their movement to un-infested areas

• Allow flexibility of weed control at the local level for weeds that are already widespread.

Noxious Weeds are non-native plants introduced to Washington State that can be highly destructive, competitive, and difficult to control. These plants invade our croplands, rangeland, forests, parks, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and estuaries causing both ecological and economical damage that affects us all. Noxious weeds can:

• Lower crop yields

• Reduce forage quality

• Destroy plant and animal habitat

• Displace native plants

• Reduce recreational opportunities (e.g., fishing, hunting, swimming and hiking)

• Clog waterways

• Decrease land values

• Increase erosion and wildfire risk

• And some are toxic to humans and livestock.

2014 Washington State Noxious Weed List

Abutilon theophrasti velvetleaf Acroptilon repens knapweed, Russian Alhagi maurorum camelthorn Amorpha fruticosa indigobush Anchusa arvensis bugloss, annual Anchusa officinalis bugloss, common Anthriscus sylvestris wild chervil Berteroa incana hoary alyssum Bryonia alba white bryony Buddleja davidii butterfly bush Cabomba caroliniana fanwort Carduus acanthoides thistle, plumeless Carduus nutans thistle, musk Centaurea diffusa knapweed, diffuse

Class B Noxious Weeds

Daucus carota wild carrot (except where commercially grown)

Dipsacus fullonum common teasel Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive Gypsophila paniculata babysbreath Hedera helix ‘Baltica’, ‘Pittsburgh’, and ‘Star’; H.

hibernica ‘Hibernica’

English ivy - four cultivars only

Hemizonia pungens spikeweed Hyoscyamus niger black henbane Hypericum perforatum common St. Johnswort Hypochaeris radicata common catsear Iris pseudacorus yellowflag iris Lepidium appelianum hairy whitetop Lepidium draba hoary cress Lepyrodiclis holosteoides lepyrodiclis Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy Linaria vulgaris yellow toadflax Matricaria perforata scentless mayweed Nymphaea odorata fragrant waterlily Phalaris arundinacea reed canarygrass Potamogeton crispus curlyleaf pondweed Rorippa austriaca Austrian fieldcress Rubus armeniacus Himalayan blackberry Rubus laciniatus evergreen blackberry Secale cereale cereal rye Senecio vulgaris common groundsel Silene latifolia ssp. alba white cockle Solanum rostratum buffalobur Soliva sessilis lawnweed Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis perennial sowthistle Sphaerophysa salsula Swainsonpea Tanacetum vulgare common tansy Typha spp. nonnative cattail species and hybrids Xanthium spinosum spiny cocklebur Zostera japonica Japanese eelgrass

Heracleum mantegazzianum giant hogweed Hydrilla verticillata hydrilla Isatis tinctoria dyer’s woad Ludwigia peploides floating primrose-willow Mirabilis nyctaginea wild four-o’clock Myriophyllum heterophyllum variable-leaf milfoil Pueraria montana var. lobata kudzu Saccharum ravennae Ravenna grass Salvia aethiopis sage, Mediterranean Salvia pratensis meadow clary Salvia sclarea sage, clary Schoenoplectus mucronatus ricefield bulrush Silybum marianum thistle, milk Solanum elaeagnifolium silverleaf nightshade Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass Spartina alterniflora cordgrass, smooth Spartina anglica cordgrass, common Spartina densiflora cordgrass, dense-flowered Spartina patens cordgrass, saltmeadow Spartium junceum Spanish broom Thymelaea passerina spurge flax Zygophyllum fabago Syrian beancaper

Centaurea jacea knapweed, brown Centaurea x moncktonii knapweed, meadow Centaurea nigra knapweed, black Centaurea solstitialis yellow starthistle Centaurea stoebe knapweed, spotted Chondrilla juncea rush skeletonweed Conium maculatum poison hemlock Cynoglossum officinale houndstongue Cyperus esculentus yellow nutsedge Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom Daphne laureola spurge laurel Echium vulgare blueweed Egeria densa Brazilian elodea Epilobium hirsutum hairy willowherb Euphorbia esula spurge, leafy

Euphorbia myrsinites spurge, myrtle Ficaria verna lesser celandine Foeniculum vulgare (except F.

vulgare var. azoricum) common fennel, (except bulbing fennel)

Geranium lucidum shiny geranium Geranium robertianum herb-Robert Hieracium aurantiacum hawkweed, orange Hieracium, subgenus Hieracium hawkweeds: All nonnative species and hybrids of the Wall subgenus

Hieracium, subgenus Pilosella hawkweeds: All nonnative species and hybrids of the Meadow subgenus

Impatiens glandulifera policeman’s helmet Kochia scoparia kochia Lamiastrum galeobdolon yellow archangel Lepidium latifolium perennial pepperweed Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica Dalmatian toadflax Ludwigia hexapetala water primrose Lysimachia vulgaris loosestrife, garden Lythrum salicaria loosestrife, purple Lythrum virgatum loosestrife, wand Myriophyllum aquaticum parrotfeather Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian watermilfoil

Nymphoides peltata yellow floating heart Onopordum acanthium thistle, Scotch Phragmites australis common reed (nonnative genotypes only) Picris hieracioides hawkweed oxtongue Polygonum cuspidatum knotweed, Japanese Polygonum polystachyum knotweed, Himalayan

Polygonum sachalinense knotweed, giant Polygonum x bohemicum knotweed, Bohemian Potentilla recta sulfur cinquefoil Sagittaria graminea grass-leaved arrowhead Senecio jacobaea tansy ragwort Tamarix ramosissima saltcedar Tribulus terrestris puncturevine Ulex europaeus gorse

Alliaria petiolata garlic mustard Brachypodium sylvaticum false brome Butomus umbellatus flowering rush Carduus pycnocephalus thistle, Italian Carduus tenuiflorus thistle, slenderflower Centaurea calcitrapa purple starthistle Centaurea macrocephala knapweed, bighead Centaurea nigrescens knapweed, Vochin Clematis orientalis oriental clematis Crupina vulgaris common crupina Euphorbia oblongata eggleaf spurge Galega officinalis goatsrue Genista monspessulana French broom Glyceria maxima reed sweetgrass Helianthus ciliaris Texas blueweed