A04-Well_Testing_SOW_-_Prime_Hook_NWR.pdf

Statement of Work

1.0 Project Title: Well Water Testing at Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge

2.0 Background

2.1 Location: Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge is located at 12322 Turkle Pond Rd, Milton DE 19968. The phone number at the Refuge is 302-684- 8419.

2.2 Unit Prices: There is only one well to be tested. Contract award will be decided based on price.

2.3 Coordination: Contractor to coordinate collection of well water samples with Refuge Manager Chance Davis.

2.4 Schedule: Testing to be completed and reports submitted within 60 days of contract award.

3.0 Scope

3.1 Collect water samples at Prime Hook NWR.

3.2 Test well for Environmental Protection Agency primary contaminants.

3.3 Test well for Environmental Protection Agency secondary

contaminants.

3.4 Provide a report listing test results. Report should clearly indicate any contaminants occurring at levels above maximum contaminant levels set by the Environmental Protection Agency, the State, and local authorities.

4.0 General Requirements

4.1 Contractor is responsible for collecting and testing water at the well for all Environmental Protection Agency primary and secondary contaminants found in 40 CFR 141 – 143.

United States Department of the Interior

FWS PRIME HOOK NWR

11978 TURKLE POND ROAD

MILTON DE 19968-3759

4.2 All testing is to be by a laboratory certified by the Environmental Protection Agency or the state of Delaware. Laboratories to:

(a) Be certified by the Environmental Protection Agency or the State to analyze drinking water samples for compliance monitoring.

(b) Successfully analyze proficiency testing (PT) samples at least annually for each method and analyte.

(c) Use approved methods.

(d) Pass periodic on-site audits.

4.3 Contractor shall provide documentation of laboratory certification with their offer.

4.4 Water test reports are to include results for all of the Environmental Protection Agency primary and secondary contaminants at each well tested. Test reports will include the name of the person who collected the samples, as well as the date and the location of the sampling point.

5.0 Documents Attached

5.1 Environmental Protection Agency list of primary and secondary contaminants. This information can also be found at:

https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016- 06/documents/npwdr_complete_table.pdf https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016

6.0 Attachment 1 – Environmental Protection Agency Primary and Secondary Contaminants

LEGEND

ORGANIC

CHEMICAL

DISINFECTION

BYPRODUCT

INORGANIC

CHEMICAL

MICROORGANISM RADIONUCLIDES DISINFECTANT

National Primary Drinking Water Regulations

Contaminant MCL or TT1

(mg/L)2

Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCL

Common sources of contaminant in drinking water

Public Health Goal (mg/L)2

Acrylamide

TT4 Nervous system or blood problems; increased risk of cancer Added to water during sewage/ wastewater treatment zero

Alachlor

0.002

Eye, liver, kidney, or spleen problems; anemia; increased risk of cancer

Runoff from herbicide used on row crops

Alpha/photon emitters

15 picocuries per Liter (pCi/L)

Increased risk of cancer

Erosion of natural deposits of certain minerals that are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as alpha radiation

Antimony

0.006 Increase in blood cholesterol;

decrease in blood sugar

Discharge from petroleum refineries;

fire retardants; ceramics; electronics;

solder

0.006

Arsenic

0.010

Skin damage or problems with circulatory systems, and may have increased risk of getting cancer

Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff from glass & electronics production wastes

Asbestos (fibers >10 micrometers)

7 million fibers per Liter

(MFL)

Increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps

Decay of asbestos cement in water mains; erosion of natural deposits

7 MFL

Atrazine 0.003 Cardiovascular system or reproductive problems crops 0.003

Barium

Increase in blood pressure

Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits

Benzene

0.005 Anemia; decrease in blood

platelets; increased risk of cancer Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills

Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs)

0.0002 Reproductive difficulties;

increased risk of cancer Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and distribution lines

Beryllium

0.004

Intestinal lesions

Discharge from metal refineries and coal-burning factories; discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries

0.004

Beta photon emitters

4 millirems per year

Decay of natural and man-made deposits of certain minerals that are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation

Bromate

0.010

Increased risk of cancer Byproduct of drinking water disinfection

Cadmium

0.005

Kidney damage

Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and paints

Carbofuran

0.04 Problems with blood, nervous

system, or reproductive system Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa

0.04

National Primary Drinking Water Regulations EPA 816-F-09-004 | MAY 2009

ORGANIC

CHEMICAL

DISINFECTION

BYPRODUCT

INORGANIC

Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCL

Common sources of contaminant in drinking water

Public Health Goal (mg/L)2

Carbon tetrachloride

0.005 Liver problems; increased risk of

cancer Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial activities

Chloramines (as Cl2)

MRDL=4.01 Eye/nose irritation; stomach discomfort; anemia Water additive used to control microbes

MRDLG=41

Chlordane

0.002 Liver or nervous system problems;

Residue of banned termiticide

Chlorine (as Cl2)

MRDL=4.01 Eye/nose irritation; stomach discomfort

MRDLG=41

Chlorine dioxide (as ClO2)

MRDL=0.81

Anemia; infants, young children, and fetuses of pregnant women:

nervous system effects

MRDLG=0.81

Chlorite

1.0

Anemia; infants, young children, and fetuses of pregnant women:

nervous system effects

Byproduct of drinking water

0.8

Chlorobenzene

0.1

Liver or kidney problems Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical factories

Chromium (total)

Allergic dermatitis Discharge from steel and pulp mills;

erosion of natural deposits

Copper

TT5; Action Level=1.3

Short-term exposure:

Gastrointestinal distress. Long-term exposure: Liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson’s Disease should consult their personal doctor if the amount of copper in their water exceeds the action level

Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits

1.3

Cryptosporidium

TT7

Short-term exposure:

Gastrointestinal illness (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps)

Human and animal fecal waste

Cyanide (as free cyanide)

0.2 Nerve damage or thyroid

problems

Discharge from steel/metal factories; discharge from plastic and fertilizer factories

0.2

2,4-D

0.07 Kidney, liver, or adrenal gland

crops

0.07

Dalapon

Minor kidney changes Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane

(DBCP)

0.0002 Reproductive difficulties;

Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and orchards o-Dichlorobenzene

0.6 Liver, kidney, or circulatory system

Discharge from industrial chemical factories

0.6 p-Dichlorobenzene

0.075 Anemia; liver, kidney, or spleen

damage; changes in blood Discharge from industrial chemical

0.075

1,2-Dichloroethane

Increased risk of cancer Discharge from industrial chemical

ORGANIC

CHEMICAL

DISINFECTION

BYPRODUCT

INORGANIC

Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCL

Common sources of contaminant in drinking water

1,1-Dichloroethylene

0.007

Liver problems Discharge from industrial chemical factories cis-1,2- Dichloroethylene trans-1,2, Dichloroethylene

Dichloromethane

Discharge from industrial

1,2-Dichloropropane

Increased risk of cancer Discharge from industrial

Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate

0.4 Weight loss, liver problems, or

possible reproductive difficulties Discharge from chemical

0.4

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

0.006 Reproductive difficulties; liver

problems; increased risk of cancer Discharge from rubber and

Dinoseb

Reproductive difficulties Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables

Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)

0.00000003

Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer

Emissions from waste incineration and other combustion; discharge from

Diquat

0.02

Cataracts

Runoff from herbicide use

0.02

Endothall

Stomach and intestinal problems

Runoff from herbicide use

Endrin

Liver problems

Residue of banned insecticide

Epichlorohydrin

TT4

Increased cancer risk; stomach

Discharge from industrial chemical factories; an impurity of some water treatment chemicals

Ethylbenzene

0.7

Liver or kidney problems Discharge from petroleum refineries

0.7

Ethylene dibromide

0.00005

Problems with liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys;

increased risk of cancer

Discharge from petroleum refineries

Fecal coliform and E. coli

MCL6

Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes.

Microbes in these wastes may cause short term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, and people with severely compromised immune systems.

zero6

ORGANIC

CHEMICAL

DISINFECTION

BYPRODUCT

INORGANIC

Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCL

Common sources of contaminant in drinking water

Fluoride

4.0

Bone disease (pain and tenderness of the bones); children may get mottled teeth

Water additive which promotes strong teeth; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories

4.0

Giardia lamblia

Short-term exposure:

Gastrointestinal illness (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps)

Glyphosate 0.7 Kidney problems; reproductive difficulties Runoff from herbicide use 0.7

Haloacetic acids

(HAA5)

0.060

Increased risk of cancer Byproduct of drinking water disinfection n/a9

Heptachlor

0.0004 Liver damage; increased risk of

Residue of banned termiticide zero

Heptachlor epoxide

0.0002 Liver damage; increased risk of

Breakdown of heptachlor zero

Heterotrophic plate count (HPC)

HPC has no health effects; it is an analytic method used to measure the variety of bacteria that are common in water. The lower the concentration of bacteria in drinking water, the better maintained the water system is.

HPC measures a range of bacteria that are naturally present in the environment n/a

Hexachlorobenzene

0.001

Liver or kidney problems;

reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancer

Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural chemical factories

Hexachloro-cyclopentadiene 0.05 Kidney or stomach problems Discharge from chemical factories 0.05

Lead

TT5; Action Level=0.015

Infants and children: Delays in physical or mental development;

children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities; Adults: Kidney problems;

high blood pressure

Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits

Legionella TT7 Legionnaire’s Disease, a type of pneumonia

Found naturally in water; multiplies in heating systems zero

Lindane

0.0002

Liver or kidney problems Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, lumber, and gardens 0.0002

Mercury (inorganic)

Kidney damage

Erosion of natural deposits;

discharge from refineries and factories; runoff from landfills and croplands

Methoxychlor

Reproductive difficulties

Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, and livestock

Nitrate (measured as Nitrogen)

Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.

Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome.

Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion

ORGANIC

CHEMICAL

DISINFECTION

BYPRODUCT

INORGANIC

Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCL

Common sources of contaminant in drinking water

Nitrite (measured as Nitrogen)

Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.

Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome.

Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion

Oxamyl (Vydate)

Slight nervous system effects

Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples, potatoes, and tomatoes

Pentachlorophenol 0.001 Liver or kidney problems;

increased cancer risk

Discharge from wood-preserving factories zero

Picloram 0.5 Liver problems Herbicide runoff 0.5

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

0.0005

Skin changes; thymus gland problems; immune deficiencies;

reproductive or nervous system difficulties; increased risk of

Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicals

Radium 226 and Radium 228 (combined)

5 pCi/L

Erosion of natural deposits

Selenium

0.05

Hair or fingernail loss; numbness in fingers or toes; circulatory problems

Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from mines

0.05

Simazine 0.004 Problems with blood Herbicide runoff 0.004

Styrene

0.1 Liver, kidney, or circulatory system

Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; leaching from landfills

Tetrachloroethylene

Discharge from factories and dry cleaners zero

Thallium

0.002 Hair loss; changes in blood; kidney, intestine, or liver problems

Leaching from ore-processing sites;

discharge from electronics, glass, and drug factories

0.0005

Toluene 1 Nervous system, kidney, or liver problems factories 1

Total Coliforms

5.0 percent8

Coliforms are bacteria that indicate that other, potentially harmful bacteria may be present.

See fecal coliforms and E. coli

Naturally present in the environment

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)

0.080

Liver, kidney, or central nervous system problems; increased risk of cancer

Byproduct of drinking water n/a9

Toxaphene 0.003 Kidney, liver, or thyroid problems;

increased risk of cancer

Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and cattle zero

2,4,5-TP (Silvex) 0.05 Liver problems Residue of banned herbicide 0.05

1,2,4- Trichlorobenzene

Changes in adrenal glands

Discharge from textile finishing

Contaminant

MCL or

TT1

(mg/L)2

Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCL

Common sources of contaminant in drinking water

Public Health Goal (mg/L)2

1,1,1- Trichloroethane

Liver, nervous system, or circulatory problems

Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other

1,1,2- Trichloroethane 0.005 Liver, kidney, or immune system problems

Discharge from industrial

0.003

Trichloroethylene

Liver problems; increased risk of cancer

Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other

Turbidity

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water. It is used to indicate water quality and filtration effectiveness (e.g., whether disease-causing organisms are present). Higher turbidity levels are often associated with higher levels of disease-causing microorganisms such as viruses, parasites, and some bacteria. These organisms can cause short term symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.

Soil runoff n/a

Uranium 30μg/L Increased risk of cancer, kidney toxicity

Erosion of natural deposits

Vinyl chloride

Leaching from PVC pipes;

discharge from plastic factories

Viruses (enteric)

TT7 Short-term exposure: Gastrointestinal illness (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps)

Human and animal fecal waste

Xylenes (total)

Nervous system damage factories; discharge from

DISINFECTANT

DISINFECTION

BYPRODUCT

INORGANIC

MICROORGANISM

ORGANIC

RADIONUCLIDES

NOTES

1 Definitions

• Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety and are non-enforceable public health goals.

• Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology and taking cost into consideration. MCLs are enforceable standards.

• Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG): The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.

• Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL): The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.

• Treatment Technique (TT): A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.

2 Units are in milligrams per liter (mg/L) unless otherwise noted. Milligrams per liter are equivalent to parts per million (ppm).

3 Health effects are from long-term exposure unless specified as short-term exposure.

4 Each water system must certify annually, in writing, to the state (using third-party or manufacturers certification) that when it uses acrylamide and/or epichlorohydrin to treat water, the combination (or product) of dose and monomer level does not exceed the levels specified, as follows: Acrylamide = 0.05 percent dosed at 1 mg/L (or equivalent);

Epichlorohydrin = 0.01 percent dosed at 20 mg/L (or equivalent).

5 Lead and copper are regulated by a Treatment Technique that requires systems to control the corrosiveness of their water. If more than 10 percent of tap water samples exceed the action level, water systems must take additional steps. For copper, the action level is 1.3 mg/L, and for lead is 0.015 mg/L.

6 A routine sample that is fecal coliform-positive or E. coli-positive triggers repeat samples- -if any repeat sample is total coliform-positive, the system has an acute MCL violation. A routine sample that is total coliform-positive and fecal coliform-negative or E. coli-negative triggers repeat samples--if any repeat sample is fecal coliform-positive or E.

coli-positive, the system has an acute MCL violation. See also Total Coliforms.

7 EPA’s surface water treatment rules require systems using surface water or ground water under the direct influence of surface water to (1) disinfect their water, and (2) filter their water or meet criteria for avoiding filtration so that the following contaminants are controlled at the following levels:

• Cryptosporidium: 99 percent removal for systems that filter. Unfiltered systems are required to include Cryptosporidium in their existing watershed control provisions.

• Giardia lamblia: 99.9 percent removal/inactivation

• Viruses: 99.9 percent removal/inactivation

• Legionella: No limit, but EPA believes that if Giardia and viruses are removed/ inactivated, according to the treatment techniques in the surface water treatment rule, Legionella will also be controlled.

• Turbidity: For systems that use conventional or direct filtration, at no time can turbidity (cloudiness of water) go higher than 1 nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU), and samples for turbidity must be less than or equal to 0.3 NTU in at least 95 percent of the samples in any month. Systems that use filtration other than the conventional or direct filtration must follow state limits, which must include turbidity at no time exceeding 5 NTU.

• HPC: No more than 500 bacterial colonies per milliliter

• Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment: Surface water systems or ground water systems under the direct influence of surface water serving fewer than 10,000 people must comply with the applicable Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule provisions (e.g. turbidity standards, individual filter monitoring, Cryptosporidium removal requirements, updated watershed control requirements for unfiltered systems).

• Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment: This rule applies to all surface water systems or ground water systems under the direct influence of surface water. The rule targets additional Cryptosporidium treatment requirements for higher risk systems and includes provisions to reduce risks from uncovered finished water storages facilities and to ensure that the systems maintain microbial protection as they take steps to reduce the formation of disinfection byproducts. (Monitoring start dates are staggered by system size. The largest systems (serving at least 100,000 people) will begin monitoring in October 2006 and the smallest systems (serving fewer than 10,000 people) will not begin monitoring until October 2008. After completing monitoring and determining their treatment bin, systems generally have three years to comply with any additional treatment requirements.)

• Filter Backwash Recycling: The Filter Backwash Recycling Rule requires systems that recycle to return specific recycle flows through all processes of the system’s existing conventional or direct filtration system or at an alternate location approved by the state.

8 No more than 5.0 percent samples total coliform-positive in a month. (For water systems that collect fewer than 40 routine samples per month, no more than one sample can be total coliform-positive per month.) Every sample that has total coliform must be analyzed for either fecal coliforms or E. coli. If two consecutive TC-positive samples, and one is also positive for E. coli or fecal coliforms, system has an acute MCL violation.

9 Although there is no collective MCLG for this contaminant group, there are individual MCLGs for some of the individual contaminants:

• Haloacetic acids: dichloroacetic acid (zero); trichloroacetic acid (0.3 mg/L)

• Trihalomethanes: bromodichloromethane (zero); bromoform (zero);

dibromochloromethane (0.06 mg/L)

NATIONAL SECONDARY DRINKING WATER REGULATION

National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations are non-enforceable guidelines regarding contaminants that may cause cosmetic effects (such as skin or tooth discoloration) or aesthetic effects (such as taste, odor, or color) in drinking water. EPA recommends secondary standards to water systems but does not require systems to comply. However, some states may choose to adopt them as enforceable standards.

Contaminant Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level

Aluminum 0.05 to 0.2 mg/L

Chloride 250 mg/L

Color 15 (color units)

Copper 1.0 mg/L

Corrosivity Noncorrosive

Fluoride 2.0 mg/L

Foaming Agents 0.5 mg/L

Iron 0.3 mg/L

Manganese 0.05 mg/L

Odor 3 threshold odor number pH 6.5-8.5

Silver 0.10 mg/L

Sulfate 250 mg/L

Total Dissolved Solids 500 mg/L

Zinc 5 mg/L

FOR MORE INFORMATION ON EPA’S

SAFE DRINKING WATER:

visit: epa.gov/safewater call: (800) 426-4791

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:

To order additional posters or other ground water and drinking water publications, please contact the National Service Center for Environmental Publications at: (800) 490-9198, or email: nscep@bps-lmit.com.

https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water mailto:nscep@bps-lmit.com