A001-A003- DID - MIL-STD-188-145.pdf

NOTE: The cover page of [his standard has been changed for aclministra~ive reasons.

There are no other changes 10 this document M1L-STD-188-145

7 MAY 1987

SUPERSEDING

M1L-STD-188-322

1 NOVEMBER 1976

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

INTERFACE STANDARD

INTEROPERABILITY AND PERFORMANCE

STANDARDS FOR

DIGITAL LOS MICROWAVE

RADIO EQUIPMENT

I AMSC NIA AREA TCIYiVSLHC

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public relese: diswibuLion is unlimited.

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MII.,-S’I’D-1 88-145

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Washington, DC 20301

Interoperal.)ili[y ar)d Performance Standards for Digital LOS Microwave Radio Equipment

MIL-STD-188-145

1. This Military Standard is approved and mandatory for use by all departments and agencies of the Department of

Defense in accordance with the OUSDR&E Memorandum, dated 16 August 1983 (see appendix A).

2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of usc in improving this document should be addressed to: Director, U.S. Army Information Systems Engineering and

Integration Center, ATTN: ASBI-SST, Fort Huachuca, Arizona 85613-7300 by using the self-addressed

Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (Dl) Form 1426) appearing at the end of this ducurnent, or by letler.

ii

M] L-w) I88- J 45 i v’

1. (.)riginal)y, Militi.iry Standard 188 (M1l.-STD-I88) covered technical standards for tactical and long-haul ct)mrrlurli(:atiut]s, hut kiter cvulved lhrough revisions (Mll~-STll - 188/4, MI L-STL~-188B) into a ducunielit applicable to taclical (:ommunic.atiorrs only (M1l.-STD- 188 C).

2. The Defcnsr. Ck~mmunications Agency (LICA) published DC~4 Circulurs (D CACS) promulgating standards and engineering criteria applicable to the long-haul Defense Communications System (13CS) and to the technical support of the National Military Command System (NMCS).

3. As a result of a Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) action, standards for all military communications are now being published in a MIL-STD-188 series of documents. The MIL-STD- 188 series is subdivided into a MIL-STD-188-

100 series covering common standards for tactical and long-haul communications , a MI L-STD-188-200 series cuvering stanciards for tactical communications only, and a MI L- STD-188-300 series covering standards for long-haul communications only. Emphasis is being placed on developing common standards for tactical und long-haul communications published in the M1L-STD-188-1OO series.

4. This document contains technical standards and design objectives for digital line-of-sight (10S) microwave radio equipment. Military multichannel communications systems arc being converted to digital synchronous operation in a series of separate, hut related, projects which will eventually replace most of tl]e existing inventory analog assets. During the transition period, digital transmission facilities wilt be required to interoperate with a mix of analog and digital equipment.

‘%.-J iii/iy

M1l.-STD-188-145

%4-”:

CON’1’ENTS

‘k./’

1.

1.1

1.2

1.3

94 .

2.1

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.2

2.3

3.

3.1

3,2

4.

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4,8 4.9

4.10

4.11

4.12

4.13

5.

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.3.1

5.3.2

5.3.3

5.4

5.5

SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...*......*.. . . . . ..0. ..0 . . . . ..$ 1

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...*o””o.”D”so.0+”0”0.c ● -0”- *oo= w”*** 1

Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...*** “..”””~OODOOOOOOOOOO””* ● *O O= OS*OO** 1

System standard ancidesign objective (DO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...=

REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

Governmental ocuments

Standards and handbooks

Other Government documents and publications other publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..o. .=~. ...””.”.”””.=”*oooooo”s* ● *OO

Orderofprecedence

DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. =oo=””ooooo=Go ● 00.000.000-.

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. O. O...O. ● 0. O* O+ OOOOO=OC=OC=OOOOo*o**c *o.*=”

Abbreviations and acronyms

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...=.. ● *= .= .” +” ==”” ++”O=O” 0=0 ● 00=*000*0*

Description ofadigital LOS microwave radio set

Frequency bands . . . . . . . . . . . ........*....””””””00=oo= ● “”OOO=OOOO” 000000

Equipment reliability

Electrical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =**..”.=” •0.”o~oSOO”OCOC=*”OOOO”= ● .*.

Transmit modulation randomization . . . . . . . . ● ****=. ● ******* ● ******* ● *=*”**”

Logic or signal sense protection

Dispersive propagation Bit error ratio (BER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......”==””.00=0===*00==

Bit-count integrity (BCI) .* *.*... .* .***.* ● .*.**** ● ****

Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..........”=.00000”00000* ● c*****=”**

Absolute delay equalization

Other general requirements . . . ● . ● * ● ● . . ● . ● * ● ● . ● ● * . ● ● * ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● * ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

Rfbandwidth . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...= .O...”””””””=”””=====....- ● =-o

Rfstability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •=...~”*OO”OOOSC*OO=OCOCO ● **00*0*

Emission mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...-...=~.-””.-””..”..+”= .“.-+

Bands 225-400 MHz, 902-928MI~z, 1.35-l.40GHz, and l.429-l.~5GHz

Bands410-420 MHz, 1.71-1.85 GHz,2.20-2.29 CHZ,4.40-4.99GHZ, 7.125-8.400GHz, and

14.50-15.35GHZ ● C..*********************-* ***O********”*”””””””””””

Bands 21’.2-23,6 GHzand25.25-27.5O GHz

Co-channcl interference

Bit rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....t=*=***”*+”=so”o*os ● 000 ***00*0* v

Paragraph

5.6

5.6.1

5.6.2

5.6.3

5.7

5.8

6.

6.1 6.2

Figure

1.

2.

3.

4.

Table

I.

11.

111.

MIL-STD- 188-145

CONTENTS – continued

Jitter Intrinsic jitter . . . . . ..o

Jitter transfer characteristic

Jitter and wander tolerance lntermodulation products

Diversitya ndhotstandby

NOTES ● ✎☛☛✎☛✎☛ ● ✎☛✎☛☛☛✌ ● ☛✎✎✎☛☛☛ ✎☛☛☛☛ ✎ ✎ ✎ ✎ ✎ ✎ ✎ ✎ ● ☛☛✎☛✎☛✎ ● ✎ ✎✎✎☛✎✎ ✎☛ ☛✎☛☛☛☛ ●

Intendeci use

Subject term (key word) listing

FIGURES

Typical digital LOS microwave radio link

Composition ofadigital LOS microwave radio terminal set

1.544 Mbpsdemultiplexer jitter transfer characteristic

Tolerable jitter andwandcr mask

TABLES

Government frequency allocation bands

Maximum bandwidths for microwave radio

Radio frequency stability

APPENDIXES

Appendix

A. MEMORANDUM FROM TI{E UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR RESEARCII

AND ENGINEEIUNC, 16 AIKI.!ST 1983, SURJEC~: MANDATORY USE OF MILJTARY

‘I’El,EC[)MNl(i Nlf:/+’rloNS ST,4NDAf{DS IN THE M1l.-S’rD-l88 SERIP:S

Page

Page

Page

Page

MII,-STD-188-145

CONTENTS — continued

Appendix

B.

10.

10.1

10.2 c.

10.

20.

20.1

20.2

20.3

20.4

20.5

20.6

20.’7

20.8

20.9

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .= . . . . . . . . = ...=....=

Scope ● ***.... .* ...*** ● .****** ● ******* ● ******* ● ******* ● “”””””” ““””””

Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . ...=..===-.”.- ● “”””==-.==”

TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..=..*o ● 0== +*00000000

SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*o ● .0000 =0”000

GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..=. .**= .000.o ..

Bit error ratio (BER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •......*.~..****””””oo

Bit-count integrity (BCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

Hot standby switchover time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..0..==+==.””””””=”=

Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...=.= ● .= ***000000

Radio frequency stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . - . . . ” ..”=””.””

Bandwidth and emission mask. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=..+=.*+”””””~.””=

Co-channel interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......=....=.c.=.”~=””.’

Jitter

Transmitter intermodulation distortion (IMD)

‘L/ vii/viii t’age

M[L-!5TD-]88-145

1. SCOPE

1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this docurnerit is to set forth mandatory intcroperability and performance standards, as well as design objectives for new long-haul and tactical digital line-of-sight (LOS) microwave radio equipment.

This document is intended for use in conjunction with other applicable system-oriented documents sucl~ as specifications and military handbooks. It is not thepurposcof this doc.ument tow-ve asa stand-alone comprehen-sive reference that contains all technical parameters and other details that are required fur the design of new equipment or the preparation of specifications. Statements of such parameters and details are governed by the policies of Department of Defense (DoD) Directive (DoDD) 5000.43.

1.2 Application. This document applies to the design and development of ncw digital LOS microwave radio equipment for use in multichannel communications systems.

1.3 Systcm standard and design objective (DO). The terms “system standard” and “design objective” are defined in the current edition of FED-STI)-1037. In this document, the word ‘“shall” identifies mandatory system standards. The word “should” identifies design objectives that are desirable but not mandatory.

“’%4-

MI I,. S’I’D- 188-145

2. REFERENCED D~CLMENTS

2, 1 Government documents.

2. 1.1 Stand ardsand’hundbooks. ~Jnless uttlerwise specified, the following standar-ds andhandbooksof the issue listed in that issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specificatior~s arid Standards (IJo D?SS) specified in the solicitation form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein.

STANDARDS

FEDERAL

FED-STD-1037 Glossary of Telecommunication Terms

MILITARY

MIL-STD-188-114 Electrical Characteristics of Digital Interface Circuits

M[l.-STD-I88-1I5 Subsystem Design and Engineering Standards for Communications Timing and Synchronization

MIL-STD-188-124 Grounding, Bonding and Shielding for Common Long Haul/Tactical Com-munication Systems Including Ground Based Conlnlunica tions-Electronics

Facilities and Equipments

MIL-STD-188-200 System Design and Engineering Standards for Tactical Cornrnunications

MIL-STD-461 Electromagnetic. Emission and Susceptibility Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference

HANDBOOKS

MILITARY

MI L-HDBK-411 Power and Environmen~al Control for the physi~al plant of DoD Long~aul

Communications

2. ].z other Government documents and publications. The following other Government documents and publications form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein.

llEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

DoDD 5000.43 Acquisition Streamlining

NAT1ON.AL SECURITY AGENCY

NACSEM 5201

NACSIM 5100

‘u

(C) TEMPEST Guidelines for Equipmer~t/Systcm Design (U)

(C) Compromising Emanations Laborator-y ‘1’est Requirements, EIectro-magnetics (U)

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MIL-STD-188-145

(Copies of specifications, standards, handbooks, drawings, and publications required by contractors in connection with specific acquisition functions should be obtained from the contracting activity or as directed by the contracting officer. )

The, following documents form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein,2.2 Other publications.

Unless otherwise specified the issues of the documents that are DoD adopted shall be those listed in theissueof the

DoDISS specified in the solicitation, The issues of documents that have not been adopted shall be those in effect on the date of the cited DoDISS.

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO) STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENTS

(STANAGS)

STANAG 4206 series — The NATO Multi-Channel Tactical Digital Gateway (consists of STANAG 4206 through STANAG 4213) by contractors in connection with specific acquisition functions should be obtained(Copies of STANAGS required from the contracting activity or as directed by the contracting officer.)

u

2.3 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this standard and the references cited herein, the text of this standard shall take precedence.

3.1 Definitions. f)efini

FED-STD-1037.

MII.-STD-188- 145

3. DEFIN1TIONS

ion of terms used in this document shall be as specified in the current edition of

3.2 Abbreviations and acronyms. Abbreviations and acronyms used in this document are listed in appendix B.

‘k/’

MIT.-STD- 188-145

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

‘L-” 4.] Introduction. A microwave link transfers information in electrical form from one point to anot}ler by means of a microwave radio signal. The microwave transmitter accept sadi~itai data signal input and produces an analog radio frequency (rf) electromagnetic signal output. The microwave receiver acce pts the analog rf electromagnetic signal from the transmitter via the propagation path and produces a digital data signal output. The. purpose of the interoperability standards is to standardize the digital data, and analog rf electromagnetic signals. The object is to enable microwave links to operate integrality with other microwave links and links that utilize other transmission media within long-haul and tactical communications systems. The purpose of the performance standards is to establish parameters that will ensure that the output digital data signals replicate the input digital data signals.

Figure 1 illustrates a typical digital LOS microwave radio link.

4.2 Description of a digital LOS microwave radio set. A microwave radio link is made up of two microwave sets, one at each end of an LOS propagation path+ If LOS propagation cannot be achieved between the two microwave sets, then the link wiil includes microwave repeater, or repeaters, to provide tandem LOS propagation paths. Each digital microwave set (in the conventional dupiex configuration) accepts and delivers a transmission bit stream (TBS), a clock bit stream (CBS), and a service channel bit stream (SCBS). The SCBS includes monitor, alarm, and control data bit streams. Figure. 2 shows the composition of a digital LOS rllicrowave radio terminal set.

4.3 Frequency bands. The microwave radios shall operate in one or more of the Government frequency allocation bands shown in table 1. Within the Government bands, the operating bands and frequencies shall be as specified by the Military Communications-Electronics Board (MCEB). Although the term “microwave” is generally recognized as applying to frequencies from 1 to 30 GHz, three bands that are actualiy outside of this range are included in this standard because of the inventory of LOS equipment in these bands for which no other standards exist. Tactical systems shall be capable of operation in the long-haul frequency bands to enable tactica!

‘u” systems to serve as backups to portions of long-haul systems.

TABLE I. Government frequency allocation bands.

Frequency Band Long-Haul Application Tactical Application

225 — 400 MHz x

410 – 420 MHz x 902 — 928 MHz x

1.350 — 1.400 GHz x 1.429— 1.435 GHz x

1.710 – 1.850 GHz x x

2.200 — 2.290 GHz x 4.400— 4.990 GHz x x

7.125 — 8.400 GHz x’

14.500 — 15.350 GHz x x

21.200 — 23.600 CHZ

25.250 — 27.500 G}]z

M1l.-S’~D-J88-l4S

IL

a

-y

LL

a t a> ml E

M ix z a u g a

I I

I I I

I I

I

I

I

(n m 1-

1 I I 1 I I I Wmll

~+ltil Ilpllll

11111111

UI

b

@i

& Am. —a.l— - -- A-=-A.. :--- t.. *L. .-

4.4 Equipment reliability. The mean time between outages (MTBO) for long-haul radio sets shall not be less than 125,000 hours. For tactical systems not configured for hot standby with automat icswitf;hover, themcan time kilt+ between failures (IMTI-IF’) of radio SCIS s}Iall not he less than 3,000 hours.

4.5 Electrical interface. Asa minimum, the interfaces for serial data shall be in accordance with the provisions of

MI L-S’I’D- 188-1 14. The capability to accept additional in[erface standards is not precluded.

4.6 Transmit modulation randomization. The transmitted data shall be randomized in order to reduce spectral peaks in the transmit spectrum and to assure there are adequate data transitions to allow receiver clock recovery.

4.7 Logic or signal sense protection. Frequency translation techniques incorporated by microwave equipment shall not invert the logic or signal sense of data streams.

4.8 Dispersive propagation. As a DO, the microwave radio equipment should contain circuitry to reduce the effec~s of dispersive propagation. The specific operating conditions shall be as defined in the applicable system, subsystem, or equipment specification. For long-haul systems such circuitry can be incorporated as an embedded feature or as an optional add-on.

4.9 Bit error ratio (BER). Radio equipment in long-haul applications shall provide a BER better than 10 ‘**on a back-to-back basis at the highest bit rate used. Tactical radio equipment shall provides 13ER better than 10’10 (DO

10 ’12) on a back-to-back basis at the highest bit rate used. The duration of the E3ER measurement for both types of equipment shall be that required for a95-percent confidence factor or 72-hour minimum. The received signal level

(RSL) shall be 40 dB above threshold. Threshold is defined as that RSL which produces a BER of 10 ‘3.

4,10 Bit-count integrity (BCI). Since the initial implementation of digital systems in the DCS will use LORAN C signa!s as its timing source, the microwave equipment shall not reduce the mean time to loss of BCI (MTI_’LBCI) below that caused by LORAN C propagation outages. In tactical systems, the equipment shall be designed so that ‘u interruption of the digital path for 10 seconds or less shall not result in loss of BCI.

4,11 Timing. The microwave radio set shall be capable of accepting an external clock that will synchronize and control the clock rates of digital signals at the external interfaces. The radio set shall be capable of operating without external clock when this clock is not provided. The clock signal shall conform to MIL-STD-188-1 15,

4.12 Absolute delay equalization. The microwave radio equipment shall include circuitry to equalize the fixed time delay difference between two diversity paths within 1 nanosecond (ns), for delay differences as long as

1000 ns. The time delay difference between primary and standby transmitting systems shali also be equalized within 1 ns.

4.13 Other general requirements. There are other general requirements that must be met by LOS microwave equipment. As these requirements are detailed in other documents, they will not be restated here. The following is a listing of these other requirements and the appropriate reference document.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

h.

Communications security. MII.-STD-188-2OO.

Compromising emanations. NACSEM 5201 and NACSIM 5100.

Electromagnetic compatibility. MIL.STD-461.

Electronic warfare and electronic counter-countermeasures. MIL-STD-188-200.

Environmental control. MIL-HDBK-411.

Grounding, bonding and shielding. MIL-STD-188-124.

NATO interfaces. STANAG 4206 series.

Primary electric Dower. MIL-HDBK-411.

M [1..-5rr]-] 88-145

5. DE’1’A1l.ED lWQU1lWhlEN’rS ‘b

5.1 Rf bandwidth. ‘1’ahlc 11 lists bandwidths used to transmit various numbers of digroups (1.544-Mbps bit streams) and their associated SCBSS and overhead bits. The bandwidths listed in (his table are the maximum for use within the United States and its territories. Elsewhere, the maximum bandwidths shall be as authorized hy the host-nation government.

TABLE II. Maximum bandwidths for microwave radio.

Design

O!ljective

(MHz)

Digroup h’laximum

Capacity Bandwidth

(MHz)

3.5 1.8

4 3.5 1.8

6 7.0 3.5

8 7.0 3.5

7.012 10,5

10.016 I 14.0

14.028

56 20.0

5.2 Rf stability. The transmitter and receiver rf stability shall be as shown in table 111.

TABLE 111, Radio frequency stability.

Rf stability in parts-per-million Band

225 — 400 MHz I 5

410 — 420 MHz I 2.5 I I 902 — 928 MHz I 5 I

1.350 — 1.400 GHz I 30

1.429 — 1.435 GHz ‘1 30

1.710 — 1.850 GHz I 30

I ~.z)() — 2.290 GHz I 30

[ 4.400 – 4.990 GHz I 50

7.125 — 8.400 ~~Z 50

14.500 —’ 15.350 GHz 50

I 21.200 — 23,600 Chiz I 50

I 25.250 – 27.500 G[]z [ 50

1 11 I-llnca Wnsav m9-1-9 krnlmn n -n mren -annfi,

5.3 Emission mask. The requirements stated herein apply within the United States anrl its territc]ries. Equipment to be employed outside of this jurisdiction will meet the certification of the host nation. w

5,3.1 Bands 225-400 MHz, 902-928 MHz, 1.35-1.40 CI-Iz, and 1.429-1.435 GHz. The mean power of any spurious emission supplied to the antenna transmission line, as compared with the mean power of the fundamental output, shall be in accordance with the following limitations:

a.

b.

c.

The spurious emission shall beat least 25 dB below the fundamental output on any frequency removed from the assigned frequency by more than 75 percent up to and including 150 percent of the authorized bandwidth.

The spurious emission shall beat least 35 dB below the fundamental output on any frequency removed from the assigned frequency by more than 150 percent up to and including 300 percent of the authorized bandwidth.

On any frequency removed from the assigned frequency by more than 300 percent of the authorized bandwidth, t-he spurious emission shall be at-least 43 plus 10 loglo (mean power of the fundamental output in watts) dB below the fundamental output.

5.3.2 Bands 410-420 MHz, 1.71-1.85 GHz, 2.20-2.29 GHz, 4.40-4.99 GHz, 7.125-8.400 GHz and 14.50-15.35 GHz.

a.

b.

5.3.3 a.

The spurious emissions shall be attenuated below the fundamental output as specified in the following formula. This applies in any 4-kHz segment, the center frequency of which is removed from the assigned frequency by more than 50 percent up to and including 250 percent of the authorized bandwidth. In any case, the attenuation shall be no less than 50 dB. w’

A= where:

A=

BW =

35 + 0.8 (7o – 50) + 10 log BW attenuation (in dB) below the mean output power level percent of the authorized bandwidth removed from the assigned frequency authorized bandwidth in MHz

Attenuation greater than 80 dB is not required.

11]any 4-kHz segment, the center frequency of which is removed from the assigned frequency by more than

250 percent of the authorized bandwidth, the spurious emissions shall be attenuated below the fundamental output by at least 43 plus 10 loglo (mean power of the fundamental output in watts) dB. Attenuation greater than 80 d13 is not required.

Bands 21.2 -23.6 GHz and 25.25-27.50 GHz.

The spurious emissions shall be attenuated below the fundamental output as specified in the following formula. This applies in any I-MHz segment, the center frequency of which is removed from the assigned frequency by more than 50percent up to and including 250pcrcenl of the authorized bandwidth. In any case, the attcn[]ation shall be no less than 11 dB. u

‘b

A = 11 + 0.4(% – 50) + 10 log Bw where:

A = attenuation (in dB) below the mean output power level

%= percent of the authorized bandwidth removed from the assigned frequency

13W = authorized bandwidth in MHz

Attenuation greater than 56 dB is not required.

b. In any 4-kHz segment, the center frequency of which is removed from the assigned frequency by more than

250 percent of the authorized bandwidth, the spurious emissions shall be attenuated below the fundamental output by at least 43 plus 10 log]o (mean power of the fundamental output in watts) dE1. Attenuation greater than 80 dB is not required.

5.4 Co-channel interference. The receiver BER performance at a given signal input level shall not be degraded by more than 1 dB when an intcrferingsignal at the reccivingfrequency is applied to the receiver input at a level 30 dB below the level of the desired signal.

‘ 5.5 Bit rates. As a minimum, the microwave radio equipment shall have the capability to input and output any of the following hit rates:

a. 1.544 Mbps (Level 1, 1 digroup).

b. Even-numbered multiples of the digroup rate, plus the overhead bit rate (Level 2, 2 to 8 digroups).

c. 44.736 Mbps (Level 3, 28 digroups) (not required for low capacity systems).

d. 192 kbps (SCBS) .

e. 576 kbps and 2304 kbps (tactical interfaces).

f. 512 kbps (NATO interface).

5.6 Jitter.

5.6.1 Intrinsic jitter. Intrinsic jitter of the microwave radio equipment is not standardized.

5.6.2 Jitter transfer characteristic. The jitter transfer characteristic of the microwave radio equipment at 1.544 hlbps shall be within the limits defined by the mask of figure 3. Other bit rates are not standardized.

5.6.3 Jitter and wander tolerance. At bit rates of 1.544 and 44.736 YllIps. the microwiive radio equipment shall be capablr ofacceptingjitter and wander up to the limits defined by the mask of figure4. other bit rates are not standardized.

5.7 Intermodulation products. ‘I’he companion transmitter intermodu]ation produrtssha]l not degrade receiver threshold per for~nance by ri]urc tllarl 1 rlB r]or impose restri(; tions on reccivvr frcc~~lc:rlcyassignnlerlts in frequencv diversity systclns. Receiver thres}~old is defined as the signal input level i)elow which the rweiver output BE]? is worse than 10 ‘3 al the highest data rate.

MI L-STD-188.145

dB

0.5 .— //////////// 40 dBIDECADE

20 dB/DECADE f~ 0.3s 2.5 15 kHz

(NOTE 1)

JITTER FREQUENCY(f)

NOTES:

1. THE FREQUENCY f. SHOULD BE AS LOW AS POSSIBLE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE

LIMITATIONS OF MEASURING EQUIPMENT.

2. JITTER GAIN IS DEFINED AS THE RATIO OF OUTPUT JITTER AMPLITUDE TO INPUT

JITTER AMPLITUDE.

FIGURE 3. 1.544 Mbps demultiplexer jitter transfer characteristic.

5.8 Diversity and hot standby. The microwave radio equipment shall be capable of operation in the diversity mode. Diversity operation shall be used in long-haul systems. The use of diversity in tactical systems will depend on the tactical situation. Microwave terminals in long-haul systems shall be configured for hot standby using failure-sensing and automatic switching circuitry. Hot standby switchover shall occur within 100 ns after failure of the on-line unit has been sensed.

Ml [..-STD- 188-145

‘“m ‘1

A2

(a)

I———— .— I

I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

--i -1 I—— —— ——.— ———

I I I I I f“ f, f* f~ f~

MASK OF TOLERABLE SINUSOIDAL JITTER AND WANDER

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT INPUT JITTER AND WANDER TOLERANCE

PARAMETER PEAK-T&PEAK

JITTER

AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY (Hz)

(Ul) (NOTE 1)

BIT A. Al A2 f~ f, f~

RATES (As] Mbps (NOTE 2)

-6

1.544 18 5 0.1 12 x 10 10 500

-6

44.736 18 5 0.1 12 x 10 10 2.3k

NOTES:

1. UI = UNIT INTERVAL

2. jls = MICROSECONDS

FOR 1.544 Mbps: 18ps = 28 UI

FOR 44.736 Mbps: Iflps = 805 UI

‘w

FICIJRIZ 4. Tolerable jitter and wander mask.

15/16

8k I 40k

60k 300k

Vt-1. Ilt)\. lLlcu (,IIC ba.Jn All R ““S,,,.,.*” J----- ----

MIL.STD-188-145

6. NOTES

‘i----’”

6,1 Intended use. This standard specifies minimum interoperabilily and performance characteristics for digital line-of-sight microwave radio equipment to be used in the design and in:;tallation of new communications systems and in the authorized upgrading or rehabilitation of existing systems.

6.2 Subject term (key word) listing:

Bands, frequency

Bandwidth, radio frequency

Bit-count integrity (BCI)

Bit error ratio (BER)

Bit rates

Diversity

Emission mask

Equalization, delay, absolute

Jnterface, electrical

Interference. co-channel

Intermodulation products

Jitter

Propagation, dispersive

Reliability, equipment

Stability, radio frequency

Standby, hot

..v.

-- 4

APPENDIX A

MEMORANDUM FROM THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

FOR RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING

16 AUGUST 1983, SUBJECT: MANDATORY USE OF

MILITARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS

IN THE MIL-STD-188 SERIES

This appendix contains information related to MIL’STD-188-145 .Appcndix Aisa mandatory part of this standard.

‘L./

11, THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

WASHINGTON, O.C. 20301

RESEARCH AND

16 AUG 1983

ENGINEERING

MEMORANDUMFOR AsSIsTANTSECRETARY OF THE ARMy (INsTALLATIONS, LOGISTICS &

FINANCIALMANAGEMENT)

ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY (SHIPBUILDING & LOGISTICS)

ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE (RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT

& LOGISTICS)

COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS

DIRECTOR,DEFENSE COMMUNICATIONSAGENCY

DIRECTOR,NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY

SUBJECT: Mandatory Use of Military Telecommunlcatfons Standards in the MIL-STD-188 Series

On May 10, 1977, Dr. Gerald Dinneen, then Assistant Secretary of Defense(C31), issued the following policy statement regarding the mandatory nature of the MIL-STD-188series telecommunications standards:

tt . ..standards as a general rule are now cited as ‘approved for use’ rather than ‘mandatory for use~ in the Department of Defense.

This deference to the judgment of the designing and procuring agencies is clearly appropriate to standards dealing with process, component ruggedness and reliability, paint finishes, and the like. It is clearly not appropriate to standards such as those in the MIL-STD.188 Series which address telecommuni-cation design parameters. These influence the functional integrity of telecom-munication systems and their ability to efficiently interoperate with other functionally similar Government and commercial systems. Therefore, relevant military standards in the 188 series will continue to be mandatory for use within the Department of Defense.

To minimize the probability of misapplication of these standards, it is incumbent upon the developers of the MIL-STD-188 series to insure that each standard 1s not only essential but of uniformly high quality, clear and concise as to application, and wherever possible compatible with existing or proposed national, international and Federal telecommunication standards. It is also incumbent upon the users of these standards to cite in their procurement specifi-cations only those standards which are clearly necessary to the proper functlon~ng of the device or systems over its projected lifetime.”

This statement has been reviewed by this office and continues to be the policy of the Department of Defense.

y4?’4Y-

-r--- -.—

M I1.-ST[)-18/3- 14.5

‘i.=’” A1’l}ENDIX 13

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

10. GENERAL.

10.1scope.“rhis appendix contains a list of abbreviations and acronyms used in IMIL-STD-188-145

10.2 Application. This appendix is a nonmandatory part of MIL-STD-188-145.

ac alternating current

BER bit error ratio

BERT bit error ratio tester

BCI bit-count integrity

(-XIS clock bit stream dB decibel

I)CA Defense Communications Agency

DCAC Defense Communications Agency Circular

DCS Defense Communications Systcm

IX-1 design objective

DoD Department of Defense

DoDD Department of Defense Directive

DoDISS Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards

CHZ gigahertz (10 9 hertz)

Hz hertz lMD intermodulation distortion

JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff khps kilobit per second (103 bits per second) kHz kilohertz (103 Ilertz) log logarithm l,f) RAN long range electronic navigation

LOS

Mbps

MBS

MCEB

MHz ps

MTBF

MTBO

M“fTLBCI

NACSEM

NACSIM

NATO

NMCS

ns

Pe rf

RSL

SCBS

S’1’ANAG

TBS

u]

UUT

MIL-STJI-188-145

line-of-sight megabit per second (106 bits per second) mission bit stream

Mililary Communications-Electronics Board megahertz (106 hertz) microsecond (lO-s seconds) mean time between failures mean time between outages mean time to loss of bit-count integrity

National Communications Security COMSEC/EMSEC Memorandum

National Communications Security Information Memorandum

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

National Military Command System nanosecond ( 10-9 seconds) probability of error radio frequency received signal level service channel bit stream

Standardization Agreement (NATO) transmission bit stream unit interval unit under test w

APPENDIX C

TESTING

‘u

10. SCOPE. This appendix provides test methods for the standardized parameters. This appendix is a nonmanda-tory part of MIL-STD-188-145.

20. GENERAL. All test equipment must be properly calibrated. Any necessary grounding of test equipment and unit under test (UUT) shall be made to a single grounding point to prevent ground loops. A filtered ac power source should be used for the test equipment wherever possible. The accuracy of all connections and switch positions must be verified before the UUT is connected to the measuring equipment. Unbalanced test equipment shall be bridged through an isolation transformer for those UUTS with balanced circuits. The UUT, associated circuits, and test equipment should be carefully checked for proper impedance match each time a test connection is made.

20.1 Bit error ratio (BER).

20.1.1Scope. Bit errors occur when receiving circuitry detects the opposite binary state from that of the transmitted signal. BER is the ratio of erroneous bits to total transmitted bits in a specified period of time.

20.1.2 Method. BER measurements are made by transmitting a known bit sequence through the UUTand making a bit-by-bit check of the resulting output. Measurements are generally made with a bit error ratio tester (BERT).

Measurement periods are normally to the 95-percent confidence factor or 72 hours.

20.2 Bit-count integrity (BCI).

20.2,1 Scope. Mean time to loss of bit-count integrity (M7TLBCI) measurements apply to digital systems that arc subject to loss of synchronization.

20.2.2 Method. Occurrences ofBC1 losscanbecountedbyaneventcounterduringaperiodthatisspecifiedbythe MTTLBC1 allocation for the UUT. At the end of the required test period, the MITLBCI is computed and compared to the MTTLBCI allocation. Loss of synchronization can also be determined by the use of onc BERT in a looped test system or two BERTs in a full duplex test system.

20.3Hot standby switchover time.

20.3.1 Scope. The time required to reestablish connectivity after switching to a hot standby unit hasa significant effect upon system efficiency. If the switchover time is sufficiently short, the switchover can be accomplished without loss of BCI.

20.3.2 Method. Two transmitters and two receivers are connected in a hot standby system configuration. Each transmitter and each receiver is made to fail successively in the on-line position. The elapsed time from the initiation of failure of the operating unit to the resumption of the signal path through the standby unit is measured.

20.4 Timing.

20.4. I ScOpe. The internal independent clock system must function wittloul causing s}’stem degradation-.

attributable to the clock accuracy or stability.

ZO.,$.Z Met~lod. Measurement of tlmlngaccuracydoes not depencl on the duration Of ~he test. Measurement of timings tability, howt:~”er, require satimedura( iondimensioc~ . The length of the stability test observation and the

M 11.-S1’1.1-188-145 maximum allowable frequency dcvia~ion depend upon lhe per forrnunce specification for the UUT. The test instruments must have an accuracy and stability at leas I five times greater than the requirement for the [i[J’l_’. w

20.5 Radio frequency stability.

20..5.1 Scope. “rhis test is used to Ineasure the rf stabili

20.5.2 Method. Measurement of rf stability requires a t

v uf micruwavc {rallsrnittcrs and reccivcrs.

me duration dimension. The Icngth of the test period is based upon the UUT performance specifications. Some equipment may require that the modulation bit stream be removed for this test so that the transmitter is unmodulated. (NOTE: The randomize may give a constant output. )

Frequency measuring test equipment must have an accuracy and stability at least five times greater than that of the

UUT.

~0.6 ~andWidth and ~mission mask.

20.6.1 Scope. This test measures the transmission bandwidlh for correlation with a particular data rate; that is, digroup capacity as shown in table 11. It will further determine whether operation is within the required emission mask.

20.6.2 Method. The bandwidth of the transmitted signal is measured and compared to theauthorizcd bandwidth.

The signal is measured for suppression of spurious emissions as determined by the emission mask requirements.

20.7 Co-channel interference.

20.7.1 Scope. This type of interference generally results from two or more transmitters operating on the same rf channel. A frequent cause is overshoot resulting from reuse of frequency assignments. In tandem links, rf energy transmitted from one site can overshoot intervening sites and enter a distant site receiver operating on the same channel. Even though this overshooting energy may contain the same information as that of the desired signal at that distant site, path delay differences between those signals can result in destructive interference.

20.7.2 Method. This test uses two simulated traffic signals to represent the desired and interfering signals respectively. Both the simulated desired signal and the simulated interfering signal should be of the same coding format. Accurate measurement requires test signals with high amplitude stability.

20.8 Jitter.

20.8.1 Scope. Jitter is defined as abrupt and spurious variations ina signal such as in internal duration, amplitude of successive cycles, or in the frequency or phase of successive pulses. The three principal parameters of interest for digital microwave radio equipment are:

a. Intrinsic jitter. The amount of self-generated jitter produced by the equipment under test.

b’. Jitter transfer characteristic. T})e proportion of input jitter that an equipment unit passes through to its output.

c. Jitter and wander tolerance. The rnaxirnirm amount of sinusoidal jitter or wtinder that can be applied to the input of digital equipment before the onset of transmission errors.

~~.8,~ Me~ho~, The digits] te$t signs] s~la]l r~presenl n~rrnal digital traffic bv having adeq~late spectral content withir) the jitter bandwidth of tilt: equipment under test.

MJL-!$”f’[1.1W- 145

a. lnlrinsicjilt et-. A jitt(;r gcr]erat or/rcc:~~ivt:r is interfa(xxl IL)the UL!T. A demodulated output jitter signal isfcd ‘L”-’ to a swrpt test ut]it suf:h as a f“rcqucncy selm’tive level metet - for analvsis. ‘l’he infornlat ion rc)llec.tt:d is then plotted us peak-to-pt~ak jitter versus jitter frequency.

b. Jitter transfer characteristic. This test is completed on a loopbac.k basis. in this lest a specified amount of jitter (both ainplitude and frequency) is applied to tl~ti UUT. Tl~e amplitude of the jitter that appears at the output of theequipment, at the applied jitter frequency, is then measured. The information thus collected is then pluttt:cl to show tl]e applied jitter versus frequency and the measured output jitter versus frequency.

c. Jitter and wander tolcrancc. In this test a jittered pseudorandorn test pattern is applied to the looped UUT.

The amplitude of the induced jitter is incrementally increased, starting from zero bits peak-to-peak, until transmission errors are detected. This process is repeated over a range of jitter frequencies (< 1 Hz for war~cler; > 1 IIz for jitter). The range of values perrnitsa plot of jittcrfrequenc~ versus maximum allowable input jitter amplitude to be constructed for the equipment under test.

20.9 Transmitter inta=modulation distortion (IMD).

20.9.1 Scope. This test method is used to determine the rf isolation between companion transmit tersand receivers by measuring the spurious signals that have been introduced into the receiver by tile companion transmitter.

L./”

20.9.2 Method. Rf isolation between colI~panion transmitters and receivers is important, since transmitters may introduce spurious signals into the allocated bandwidth of t heir companion receiver. These spurious signals may cause interference with normal received rf and baseband signals. For this test a pseudo random signal that closely approximates the normal traffic spectrum content should be used as the traffic simulation signal. The test will be performed over the entire allocation of’transmitter/receiver frequency combinations. At each test frequency. plot the BER or probability of errur (Pe) versus the RSL with the companion transmitter off. With the transmitter on, compare the resultant Pe/RSL curve with the previous one. Measure the shift.

Q-”

Custodians:

Army — SC

Navy — EC

Air Force — 90

Review Activities:

Army — CR

Navy — AS

Air Force — 02, 17, 24, 80

DCA — DC

NSA — NS

JTC3A — TT

Preparing Activity:

Army — SC

(Project SLHC- 1450)

Other interests:

JCS

DODECAC

NCS

International interests:

NATO

ABCA Armies

INSTRUCTIONS: In a continuing effort

‘v aubrnitting comments and suggestions for suggestions. This form may be detaehed, to make our standardization documents better, the DoD provides this form for use in improvements. All uaera of military standardization documenti are invited to provide folded tdong the lines indicated, taped along the loose edge (DO NOT STAPLE), and mai~ed. In block 5, be as specific as possible about particular problem areas such as wording which required interpretation, was too :rigid, restrictive, loose, ambiguou, or was incompatible, and give proposed wording changes which would alleviate the problems. Enter in block 6 any remarks not related to a specific paragraph of the document. If block 7 is filled out, an ~knowledgement will be mailed to you within 30 days to let you know that your comments were received and are being considered.

NOTE: This form may not be used to request copies of documents, nor to request waivers, deviations, or clarification of

~ification requirement on current contracts. Comments submitted on this form do not constitute or imply authorization to waive any portion of the referenced document(s) or to amend contractual requirements.

(Fold along thb line)

(Fold dO~S thb fire)

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1. DOCUMENT NUMBER 2. DOCUMENT TITLE INT~R@ERABILITy AND PERFORMANCE 8TANDARD8

MIL-STD-188-146 FOR DIGITAL LOS MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT

3a. NAME OF SUBMITTING ORGANIZATION 4. TYPE OF ORGANIZATION (Mark one)

•1

VENOOR

c1

USE R

b. ADDRESS (Street, City, State, ZIP Code)

•1

MANUFACTURER

•1 OTtIE R (sJxctti):

5. PROBLEM AREAS

a Parogroph Number ●nd Wording:

b. Recommondod Wording:

c. Raason/Rational. for Recommendation:

6, REMARKS

7a. NAME OF SUB MITTE R (Lint, First, Ml) – Optional b. WORK TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include Area Code) - Optional

c. MAILING AOORESS (Street, City, S(ate, ZfP Code) - Optional 8. DATE OF SUBMISSION (Y YMMDD)

DD J“R’.1426 PREVIOUS EOITION IS OBSOLETE.

w