8. Attachment 8_Hessburg Guide.pdf

TIMBER CRUISER'S FIELD GUIDE

TO DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGES

AND DEFECTS OF PACIFIC NORTHWEST CONIFERS

(TRAINING EDITION)

P.F. HESSBURG

T.F. GREGG

TIMBER CRUISER'S FIELD GUIDE

TO DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGES

AND DEFECTS OF PACIFIC NORTHWEST CONIFERS

(TRAINING EDITION)

P.F. HESSBURG

T.F. GREGG

TIMBER CRUISER'S FIELD GUIDE

TO DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGES

AND DEFECTS OF

PACIFIC NORTHWEST CONIFERS

(TRAINING EDITION)

Paul F. Hessburg Area Forest Pathologist, Eastern WA

Forestry Sciences Laboratory Wenatchee, WA

Tommy Gregg Statistician

Forest Pest Management

USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region

TIMBER CRUISER'S FIELD GUIDE

TO DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGES

AND DEFECTS OF

PACIFIC NORTHWEST CONIFERS

(TRAINING EDITION)

Paul F. Hessburg Area Forest Pathologist, Eastern WA

Forestry Sciences Laboratory Wenatchee, WA

Tommy Gregg Statistician

Forest Pest Management

USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region

I i I , I

FORWARD

This field guide is being developed specifically for pre-sale foresters with responsibility for production timber cruising. The " training edition" is an interim product that we make available for use in training sessions while we assemble the color photography and layout the color plates for the field guide in its final form.

Within this edition, descriptions are given for disease and insect damages that result in cruisable defects i.e., those with common visible indicators. For each damaging agent, hosts and their relative susceptibi lity (where appropriate) are enumerated, as are the Regional standardized deductions for each timber defect. These standardized deductions should be used unti l experience shows the need for a revision that will more accurately reflect local variation and more precisely represent average leve l of defect. Revisions and additions to these standardized deductions are encouraged but should only come from .statistically valid samples.

Those defects without common indicators i.e., not characteristically visib le to the cruiser, are hidden defects and should be accounted for in sample-based estimates for each unique locale. Locally precise estimates of hidden defect should be derived from fell-and-buck studies, mill studies, and comparison of cruise and cut-out information where feasible. Estimates based on anecdotal information should be verified statistically; they are otherwise unreliable.

Some information concerning the biology of individual insect or disease organisms are given, but only where it provides useful clues for more rapid detection and diagnosis. Both stand- and tree-level indicators are supplied among the detection hints.

Th is guide was prepared with four objectives in mind:

I) To show the most common indicators of tree decay and those most important to rapid and accurate defect estimation in the timber cru ise;

2) To show the common • indicators of insect damage, and defects or degrades often associated with each type of damage;

3) To enable rapid identification of the defects unique to each con ifer host;

4) To identify the Regional standardized deductions for each type of defect, and convey an understanding of how they were derived and how they might be improved or localized when necessary.

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FORWARD

This field gu ide is being developed specifically for pre-sale foresters with responsibility for production t imber cruising. The "training edition" is an interim product that we make avai lable for use in training sessions while we assemble the color photography and layout the color plates for the field guide in its final form.

Within this edition, descriptions are given for disease and insect damages that result in cruisable defects i .e., those with common visible indicators. For each damaging agent, hosts and their relative susceptibi l ity (where appropriate) are enumerated, as are the Regional standardized deductions for each timber defect. These standardized deductions should be used until experience shows the need for a revision that wi ll more accurately reflect local variation and more precisely represent average level of defect. Revisions and additions to these standardized deductions are encouraged but should only come from .statistically val id samples.

Those defects without common indicators i.e., not characteristically visible to the crui ser, are hidden defects and should be accounted for in sample-based estimates for each unique locale. Locally precise estimates of hidden defect should be derived from fell-and-buck studies, mill studies, and comparison of cruise and cut-out information where feasible. Estimates based on anecdotal information should be verified statistically; they are otherwise unreliable.

Some information concerning the bio logy of individual insect or disease organisms are given, but only where it provides useful clues for more rapid detection and diagnosis. Both stand- and tree-level indicators are supplied among the detection hints.

This guide was prepared with four objectives in mind:

I ) To show the most common indicators of tree decay and those most important to rapid and accurate defect estimation in the timber cruise;

2) To show the common • indicators of insect damage, and defects or degrades often associated with each type of damage;

3) To enable rapid identification of the defects unique to each con ifer host;

4) To identify the Regional standardized deductions for each type of defect, and convey an understanding of how they were derived and how they might be improved or localized when necessary.

WENNF

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We extend our appreciation to the following people for technical review of the manuscript: Donald J . Goheen, Robert D.

Harvey, E llen Michaels-Goheen, Brnce B. Hostetler, David R. Bridgwater, Roger E. Sandquist, USDA Forest Service, Pacific

Northwest Region, Forest Pest Management; Chriss M. Roemer, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Timber

Management; and Paul T. Flanagan, USDA Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Region, Eastern Washington Area, Forest Health

Office.

Our special thanks to Keith M. Reynolds, USDA Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Institute of Northern Forestry, Anchorage, AK, for ass istance with developing the mathematical equations to generate Tables I to 12 in the Appendix which estimate sapwood perimeter deductions for eastside and wests ide OR and WA logs with sap rot.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We extend our appreciation to the following people for technical review of the manuscript: Donald J. Goheen, Robert D.

Harvey, Ellen Michaels-Goheen, Bruce B. Hostetler, David R. Bridgwater, Roger E. Sandquist, USDA Forest Service, Pacific

Northwest Region, Forest Pest Management; Chriss M. Roemer, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Timber

Management; and Paul T. Flanagan, USDA Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Region, Eastern Washington Area, Forest Health

Office.

Our special thanks to Keith M. Reynolds, USDA Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Institute of Northern Forestry, Anchorage, AK, for assistance with developing the mathematical equations to generate Tables I to 12 in the Appendix which estimate sapwood perimeter deductions for eastside and westside OR and WA logs with sap rot.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Forward ........................ ....................... ................................................................................................................. i

Acknowledgments ................................................................................ .. ............. ........ ................. ........................ ii

Table of Contents ................ ... ............................... .................................. ............................................ ... ............... iii

How to Use This Guide ........................................................ ................ .. ................................ .. ......... ................ .. vii

Checklist of Tree Species (with numeric codes) ....................................................................................... ........... I

Checklist of Common Disease and Insect Damages:

Douglas-fir and Ponderosa Pine

Sugar Pine, Western Whi te Pine, Lodgepole Pine

Grand Fir, White Fir, Subalpine Fir, Pacific Silver Fir, Shasta Red Fir, Noble Fir

Western Hemlock, Mountain Hemlock, Engelmann Spruce, Sitka Spruce Western Larch, Western Redcedar, Incense Cedar, Alaska Yellow Cedar, Port Orford Cedar

Root and Butt Decays

Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosum)

Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii)

White Pocket Root and Butt Rot (lnonotus tomentosus)

Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostoyae)

Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phaeolus schweinitzi i)

Yellow Root Rot (Perreniporia subacida)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Forward ....... ....................................................................... ........... ................ ....................................................... i

Acknowledgments ...................... ......... ........................................... ...................................................................... ii

Table of Contents .............. .. .............................................................................. ................ .. ....... ........................... iii

How to Use This Guide .................................................................................. .. ................ ................................... vii

Checkl ist of Tree Species (with numeric codes)

Checklist of Common Disease and Insect Damages:

Douglas-fir and Ponderosa Pine

Sugar Pine, Western White Pine, Lodgepole Pine

Grand Fir, White Fir, Subalpine Fir, Pacific Silver Fir, Shasta Red Fir, Noble Fir

Western Hemlock, Mountain Hemlock, Engelmann Spruce, Sitka Spruce Western Larch, Western Redcedar, Incense Cedar, Alaska Yellow Cedar, Port Orford Cedar

Root and Butt Decays

Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosum)

Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weiri i)

White Pocket Root and Butt Rot (Inonotus tomentosus)

Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostoyae)

Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phaeolus schweinitzii)

Yellow Root Rot (Perreniporia subacida)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS continued

Sten, Decays

Rust-Red Stringy Rot (Echinodontium tinctorium)

Red Ring Rot (Phell inus pini)

Red Ring Rot Canker (Phellinus pini var. cancrifomians)

White Ring Rot (Phellinus robustus)

Yellow Pitted Rot (Hericium abietis)

Ganoderma Trunk Rot (Ganoderma tsugae)

Brown-Mottled White Rot (Pholiota limonella)

Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetiporus sulphureus)

Light Brown Cubical Toprot (Fomitopsis cajenderi)

Brown Trunk Rot (Fomitopsis officinalis)

Brown Crumbly Rot (Fomitopsis pinicola)

Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lent in us lepideus) ........................................ ............................................ 3 I

Brown Cubical Butt and Pocket Rot of Redcedar (Oligoporus sericeomo ll is)

Pecky Rot of Incense Cedar (Oligoporus amarus)

White-Mottled Rot (Ganoderma applanatum)

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TABLE OF CO NT ENTS continued

Page

Sten, Decays

Rust-Red Stringy Rot (Echinodontium tinctorium)

Red Ring Rot (Phell inus P.ini)

Red Ring Rot Canker (Phellinus pini var. cancriformans)

White Ring Rot (Phell inus robustus)

Yellow Pitted Rot (Hericium abietis)

Ganoderma Trunk Rot (Ganoderma tsugae)

Brown-Mottled White Rot (Pho liota limonella)

Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetiporus sulphureus)

Light Brown Cubical Toprot (Fomitopsis cajenderi)

Brown Trunk Rot (Fomitopsis officinalis)

Brown Crumbly Rot (Fomitopsis pinicola)

Brown Cubical Rot of Coni fers (Lentinus lepideus) ........................................ ................................ ...... ...... 3 1

Brown Cubical Butt and Pocket Rot of Redcedar (Oligoporus sericeomollis)

Pecky Rot of Incense Cedar (Oligoporus amarus)

White-Mottled Rot (Ganoderma applanatum)

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Sap Rots Pitted Saprot (Hirschioporus abietinum) Gray-Brown Saprot (Cryptoporus volvatus)

Cruising Insect Damages and Their Associated Defects

Bark Beetles Douglas-fir Beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) Spruce Beetle (Dendroctonus ru fipennis) Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) Western Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) Pine Engraver Beetles (Jfil spp.)

Fir Engraver Beetle (Scolytus ventral is) Silver Fir Beetle (Pseudohylesinus sericeus) Red Turpentine Beetle (Dendroctonus valens)

Ambrosia Beetles Shothole Borers (Scolytidae/ Platypodidae)

Wood Borers ..... ... ......................... ......................... ............... .... ... ...................................... ................ .. . 5 5 Flatheaded Wood Borers (B uprestidae) ........................................................................................................ 5 7 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerambycidae)

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Page

Sap Rots Pitted Saprot (Hirschioporus abietinum) Gray-Brown Saprot (Cryptoporus volvatus)

Cruising Insect Damages and Their Associated Defects

Bark Beetles Douglas-fir Beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) Spruce Beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) Western Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) Pine Engraver Beetles (Jfil spp.)

Fir Engraver Beetle (Scolytus ventral is) Silver Fir Beetle (Pseudohylesinus sericeus) Red Turpentine Beetle (Dendroctonus valens)

A1nbrosia Beetles Shothole Borers (Scolytidae/Platypodidae)

Wood Borers ......... ... .......................... ................................................. .... .... .. ......... ............ ................... 5 5 Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buprestidae) Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerambycidae)

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TABLE OF CO NTENTS continued

Appendix A

Sapwood Perimeter Deductions for Eastside 16 Foot Logs Table (0 I) Form Class 64 to 68 Table (02) Form Class 69 to 70 Table (03) Fonn Class 71 to 72 Table (04) Form Class 73 to 74 Table (05) Form Class 75 to 78 Table (06) Form Class 79 to 84

Sapwood Perimeter Deductions for Westside 32 Foot Logs Table (07) Form Class 64 to 68 Table (08) Form Class 69 to 70 Table (09) Form Class 71 to 72 Table ( I 0) Form Class 73 to 74 Table ( 11 ) Form Class 75 to 78 ........................ .......................................................... ..... ......................... .... 7 I Table ( 12) Form Class 79 to 84

Percentage of Tree Volume in Logs Table (13) Westside 32 Foot Logs Table (14) Eastside 16 Foot Logs

Standardized Deductions For Common Tree Injuries Without Other lndicators

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TABLE OF CONTENTS continued

Page

Appendix A

Sapwood Perimeter Deductions for Eastside 16 Foot Logs Table (0 I) Form Class 64 to 68 Table (02) Form Class 69 to 70 Table (03) Form Class 71 to 72 Table (04) Form Class 73 to 74 Table (05) Form Class 75 to 78 Table (06) Form Class 79 to 84

Sapwood Perimeter Deductions for Westside 32 Foot Logs Table (07) Fonn Class 64 to 68 Table (08) Fonn Class 69 to 70 Table (09) Fonn Class 71 to 72 Table ( IO) Form Class 73 to 74 Table ( 11 ) Form Class 75 to 78 Table ( 12) Form Class 79 to 84

Percentage of Tree Volume in Logs Table (13) Westside 32 Foot Logs Table (14) Eastside I 6 Foot Logs

Standardized Deductions For Common Tree Injuries Without Other Indicators

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HOW TO USE THE GUIDE

Disease and insect damages are common on Pacific Northwest conifers. Timber cruisers probably see more defective trees than any other group of individuals that work in the woods. Their job is to accurately determine net merchantable volume in trees for stands and prospective timber sale areas. They begin by precisely measuring gross volume for the merchantable length of each tree, and then subtract out visible damages and defects from each log in each tree. That which remains is considered merchantable to the cruiser in the field. Later on in the office, more volume is subtracted to account for defect not visible by indicators (h idden defect) and a ce1tain amount of anticipated breakage not accounted for in the volume tables.

Forest pathogens and insects cause most of the damage and defect crui sers must detect. For those unfamiliar w ith con i fer diseases and insect pests or new to a particular Region, the Job of detecting, damages, accurately identify ing the causal agents, and correctly subtracting detective volume based upon all of the visible indicators can be confusing, time consuming, and frustrating. This guide is designed to eliminate much of that confusion. Using the guide, cruisers should be able to rapidly and accurately identify all of the major disease and insect damages on each conifer host and assess the amount of timber defect using the visible indicators. Here's how:

I ) During the cruise, when a cruiser detects what they suspect is a disease or insect damage, they note the tree species and the position(s) on the tree where the damage is apparently located. I f unfami l iar w ith tree species codes they first check the "Checklist or Tree Species" on page I and note the appropriate numeric code.

2) The cruiser then turns to the Table of Contents for the "Check list of Common Disease and Insect Damages" (page 3 to 7) for the tree species they are interested in. T hey turn to one of those five pages and locate the most likely damage from the lists of damages which are organized according to the part of the tree affected. The options are: a) root and butt decays (damage is to the butt of the tree; b) stem decays (damage is in the main stem); c) sap rots (damage is to the sapwood); and/or d) insect damages (there are holes bored through the bark, boring dust, and perhaps pitch tubes). The most common damages are in bold type and are listed in order of decreasing occurrence.

3) T he crui ser selects the most likely damage from the list according to the tree species and the position of the damage and turns to the page that is indicated.

4) I f the correct damage was selected on the first try , they tally the defect on the cruise card or data recorder according to the visible indicators and the standardized deductions indicated. I f the cruiser has scanned the sections on the type of damage and detection hints and feels that the selection is incorrect, they cycle back to the checklist selected in step 2 and make another selection.

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HOW TO USE THE GUIDE

Disease and insect damages are common on Pacific Northwest conifers. Timber cruisers probably see more defective trees than any other group of individuals that work in the woods. Their job is to accurately determine net merchantable vo lume in trees for stands and prospective timber sale areas. They begin by precisely measuring gross volume for the merchantable length of each tree, and then subtract out visible damages and defects from each log in each tree. That which remains is considered merchantable to the cruiser in the field. Later on in the office, more volume is subtracted to account for defect not visible by indicators (hidden defect) and a certain amount of anticipated breakage not accounted for in the volume tables.

Forest pathogens and insects cause most of the damage and defect crui sers must detect. For those unfamil iar w ith coni fer diseases and insect pests or new to a particular Region, the Job of detecting, damages, accurately identifying the causal agents, and correctly subtracting detective volume based upon all of the visible indicators can be confusing, time consuming, and frustrating. This guide is designed to eliminate much of that confusion. Using the guide, cruisers should be able to rapidly and accurately identify all of the major disease and insect damages on each conifer host and assess the amount of timber defect using the visible indicators. Here's how:

I ) During the cruise, when a cruiser detects what they suspect is a disease or insect damage, they note the tree species and the position(s) on the tree where the damage is apparently located. If unfami l iar with tree species codes they first check the "Checklist or Tree Species" on page I and note the appropriate numeric code.

2) The cruiser then turns to the Table of Contents for the "Checklist of Common Disease and Insect Damages" (page 3 to 7) for the tree species they are interested in. They turn to one of those five pages and locate the most likely damage from the lists of damages which are organized according to the part of the tree affected. The options are: a) root and butt decays (damage is to the butt of the tree; b) stem decays (damage is in the main stem); c) sap rots (damage is to the sapwood); and/or d) insect damages (there are holes bored through the bark, boring dust, and perhaps pitch tubes). The most common damages are in bold type and are listed in order of decreasing occurrence.

3) The cruiser selects the most likely damage from the list according to the tree species and the position of the damage and turns to the page that is indicated.

4) I f the correct damage was selected on the first try, they tally the defect on the cruise card or data recorder according to the visible indicators and the standardized deductions indicated. I f the cruiser has scanned the sections on the type of damage and detection hints and feels that the selection is incorrect, they cycle back to the checkl ist selected in step 2 and make another selection.

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CHECKLIST OF TREE SPECIES

Common Name Scientific Name Numeric Codes

True Firs Paci fie si Iver fir (Abies amabi lis) 025 White fir (Abies concolor) 015 Grand fir (Abies grandis) 017 Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) 019 Shasta red fir (Abies magnifica var. shastensis) 021 Noble fir (Abies nrocera) 022

Cedars Port-Orford cedar (Chamaec, paris lawsoniana) 041 Alaska yellow cedar (Chamaec"paris nootkatensis) 042 Incense cedar (Libocedrus decurrens) 08 1 Western redcedar <Thuia olicata) 242

Larch Western larch (Larix occidentalis) 070

Spruce Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) 093 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) 098

Pines Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) 108, 199 Jeffrey pine (Pi nus jelTre\'i) 116 Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) 117 Western while pine (Pinus monticola) 119 Ponderosa pine (Pinus oonderosa) 122. 123

Douglas-fir Douglas-fir (Pseudotsu!!a menziesii) 204, 205

Hemlock Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophvlla) 263 Mountain hemlock (Tsu!:!a mertensiana) 264

Dead Cull Softwoods - PAM 002 Green Cull Softwoods - PAM 299

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CHECKLIST OF TREE SPECIES

Common Name Scientific Name Numeric Codes

True Firs Pacific si lver fir (Abies amabilis) 025 White fir (Abies concolor) 015 Grand fir (Abies grandis) 017 Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) 019 Shasta red fir (Abies magnifica var. shastensis) 021 Noble fir (Abies nrocera) 022

Cedars Port-Orford cedar (Chamaecvparis lawsoniana) 041 Alaska yellow cedar (Chamaecvparis nootkatensis) 042 Incense cedar (Libocedrus decurrens) 081 Western redcedar (Thuia olicata) 242

Larch Western larch (Larix occidentalis) 070

Spruce Engelmann spruce {Picea engelmannii) 093 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) 098

Pines Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) 108, 199 Jeffrey pine (Pi nus jeffrevi) 116 Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) 117 Western whi le pine (Pinus monticola) 119 Ponderosa pine (Pinus oonderosa) 122. 123

Douglas-fir Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 204,205

Hemlock Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophvlla) 263 Mountain hemlock (Tsu!!a mertensiana) 264

Dead Cull Softwoods - PAM 002 Green Cull Softwoods - PAM 299

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CHECKLIST OF COMMON DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGES

(listed in order or decreasing occurrence)

DOUGLAS-FIR (204, 205): PONDEROSA PlNE (122, 123):

Root and Butt Decavs Root and Butt Decavs

Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phaeolus schweinitzii) D.12 Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phaeolus schweinitzii) D.12 Laminated Root Rot (Phell inus weirii) D.09 Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosum) D.08 Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostovae) D.11 White Pocket Root and Bull Rot (lnonotus tomcntotus) D.1 0 Yellow Root Rot (PerreniDoria subacida) D.1 3 Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostovae) o.11 tern Decavs 1:tem Decavs Red Ring Rot (Phellinus oini ) o.16 Red Ring Rot (Phellinus oini) p.16 Brown Trunk Rot (Fomitonsis officinalis) o.25 Brown Trunk Rot (Fomitonsis officinalis) p.25 Light Brown Cubical Toprot (Fomitonsis caienderi) o.24 Light Brown Cubical Toorot (Fomitonsis cajenderi ) o.24 Brown Crumblv Rot (FomitoDsis Dinicola) o.26 Brown Crumblv Rot (Fomitonsis Dinicola) D.26 White Ring Rot (Phellinus robustus) p.19 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetioorus sulohureus) o.23 White-Mollled Rot (Ganoderma aoolanatum) p.30 Brown-Mollled White Rot (Pholiota limonella) D.22 Dark Brown Cubical Rot {Laetioorus sulohureus) D.23 White Ring Rot (Phellinus robustus) o.19 Ganodenna Trunk Rot (Ganoderma tSUQac) o.21 White-Mollled Rot (Ganodenna annlanatum) p.30 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (L.entinus leoideus) n.27 Brown Cubical Rot o f Conifers (Lentinus leDideus) D.27

Mn Rots an Rots Gra,·-Brown Saprot (Crvntonorus volvatus) o.33 Grav-Brown Saorot (Crrntonorus volvatus) o.33 Pitted Saorot (Hirschiooorus abietinus) p.32 Pilled Saorot (Hirschiooorus abietinus) p.32 nsect Damages nsect Damaecs Douglas.-fir Beetle (Dendroctonus oseudotsuPae) o.36 Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus oonderosae) o.38 Ambrosia Beetles (Trvpodendron. Xvleborus. p.45 Western Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) p.39

Gnathotrichus. Plat,·ous snn.)

Flathcaded Wood Borers (Buprestidae) D.47 Pinc Engraver Beetle (Ins spp.) o.40 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerambvcidae) D.48 Red Turpentine Beetle (Dendroctonus valens) o.43 Sliver Fir Beetle (Pseudohvlesinus sericeus) p.42 Ambrosia Beetles (Trvpodendron. Xvleborus, p.45

Gnathotrichus. PlatvDus soo.)

Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buprestidae) o.47 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerambveidae) p.48

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CHECKLIST OF COMMON DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGES

(listed in order or decreasing occurrence)

DOUGLAS-FIR (204, 205): PONDEROSA PINE (122,123):

Root and Butt Decavs Root and Butt Deca"s

Brown Cubical Bull Rot (Phaeolus schwcinitzii) p.1 2 Brown Cubical Bun Rot (Phaeolus schwein itz ii) o. 12 Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii) D.09 Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosum) o.08 Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostovae) o.11 White Pocket Root and Bull Rot (lnonotus tomentotus) o.10 Yellow Root Rot (Perreni□oria subacida) o.13 Arrni llaria Root Disease (Annillaria ostovae) D. 11 tern Decavs ~tern Decavs Red Ring Rot (Phellinus Dini) □.16 Red Ring Rot (Phellinus oini) o.16 Brown Trunk Rot (Fornitoosis officinalis) o.25 Brown Trunk Rot (Fornitonsis officinalis) p.25 Light Brown Cubical Toorot (Fornitonsis caiendcri) o.24 Light Brown Cubical Toorot (Fomitonsis cajcnderi) o.24 Brown Crumbh· Rot (FomitoDsis □inicola) o.26 Brown Crumblv Rot (FornitoDsis Dinicola) D.26 White Ring Rot (Phellinus robustus) p.19 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetioorus sulohureus) o.23 White-Mottled Rot (Ganoderrna aoolanaturn) D.30 Brown-Mottled White Rot (Pholiota lirnonella) o.22 Dark Brown Cubical Rot ( L.aetioorus sulohureus) D.23 White Ring Rot (Phellinus robustus) o.19 Ganodenna Trunk Rot (Ganoderrna tsugae) o.2 1 White-Mollled Rot (Ganodenna annlanaturn) p.30 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lentinus leoideus) o.27 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lentinus le12ideus) p.27

San Rots ~an Rots Grav-Brown Saorot (CrvDtooorus volvatus) o.33 Grav-Brown Saorot (Crvotooorus volvatus) o.33 Pilled Saprot (Hi rschionorus abietinus) o.32 Pilled Saorot (Hirschio□orus abietinus) □.32 nsect Dama0 es nsect DamaQeS Douglas.-tir Beetle (Dendroctonus oseudotsuoae) o.36 Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus oonderosae) o.38 Ambrosia Beetles (Trvpodendron, Xvleborus. p.45 Western Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) p.39

Gnathotrichus, Plat\'DUS son.)

Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buprestidae) o.47 Pine Engraver Beetle (Ios spp.) p.40 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerarnbvcidae) o.48 Red Turpentine Beetle (Dendroctonus valens) p.43 Sliver Fir Beetle (Pseudohvlesinus sericeus) p.42 Ambrosia Beetles (Trvpodendron. Xvleborus. p.45

Gnathotrichus. Platvnus sop.)

Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buprestidae) p.47 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerarnbycidae) o.48

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SUGAR PINE, WESTERN WHITE PINE (117,119): LODGEPOLE PINE (108,199):

Root and Butt DecaYs

Brown Cubical Butt Rot Annosus Root Disease Laminated Root Rot Armillaria Root Disease

Stem Deca,s Red Ring Rot Brown Trunk Rot Light Brown Cubical Toorot Brown Crumbh· Rot White Ring Rot White-Monled Rot Dark Brown Cubical Rot Brown-Mot1led White Rot Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers

Sao Rots Grav-Brown Saprol Pitted Saorot

Insect Darna11es Mountain Pine Beetle Pine Engraver Beetle Red Turpentine Beetle Ambrosia Beetles

Flatheaded Wood Borers Roundheaded Wood Borers

Root and Bun Decavs (Phaeolus schweinitzii) o.12 Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phaeolus schweinitzii) p,12 (Heterobas idion annosus) o.08 Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosus) p.08 (Phellinus weirii) p.09 White Pocket Root and Bun Rot ( lnonotus tomentotus) p.10 /Armillaria ostovae) p.1 1 Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria osto,·ae) o.11

Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii) o.09 Yellow Root Rot (Perreninoria subacida) p.13

Stem DccaYs (Phellinus oini) p.16 Red Ring Rot (Phellinus oini) o.16 (Fomitonsis officinalis) p.25 Brown Trunk Rot (Fomitoosis officinalis) o.25 (Fomitonsis caienderi) o.24 Light Brown Cubical Toprot (Fomitoosis caienderi) o.24 (Fomitonsis ninicola) o.26 Brown Crumbly Rot (Fomitonsis oinicola) o.26 (Phellinus robustus) p.19 Brown-Mottled White Rot (Pholiota limonella) p.22 (Ganoderma annlanatum) p.30 White-Mollled Rot (Ganodenna aoolanatum) o.30 <Laetinorus sulnhureus) o.23 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetinorus sulnhureus) o.23 (Pholiota lirnonella) p.22 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lentinus leoideus) p.27 (Lentinus leoideus) p.27

San Rots (Crvntonorus volvatus) o.33 G rav-Brown Saorot (Cn ntonorus volvatus) o.33 (1-l irschiooorus abietinurn) p.32 Pitted Saorot (Hirschionorus abietinurn) p.32

Insect Dama!!es (Dendroctonus nonderosae) o.38 Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus oonderosae) o.38 (Ins soo.) o.40 Pine Engraver Beetle (los spp.) o.40 (Dendroctonus valens) o.43 Red Turpentine Beetle (Dendroctonus valens) p.43 (Trvpodendron. X\'leborus, p.45 Ambrosia Beetles (Trvpodendron, Xvleborus, p.45 Gnathotrichus. Platvnus soo.) Gnathotrichus, Platvous soo.)

(Buprestidae) p.47 Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buorestidac) p.47 (Cerarnbvcidae) p.48 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerarnbvcidae) p.48

4 WEN NF

CHECKLIST OF COMMON DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGES

(listed in order or decreasing occurrence)

SUGAR PINE, WESTERN WHlTE PINE (117,119): LODGEPOLE PINE (108,199):

Root and Butt Deca\'s Root and Butt Decavs

Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phaeolus schweinitzii) o.12 Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phaeolus schweinitzii) o.12 Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosus) p.08 Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosus) p.08 Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii) p.09 White Pocket Root and Bull Rot ( lnonotus tomentotus) p.10 Armillaria Root Disease (Armi llaria ostovae) o.11 Armillaria Root Di sease (Armillaria osto"ae) o.11

Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii) p,09 Yellow Root Rot (Perreninoria subacida) p.13

Stern Decavs Stem Decays Red Ring Rot (Phellinus nini) p .1 6 Red Ring Rot (Phell inus oini) o.16 Brown Trunk Rot (Fomitonsis officinalis) o.25 Brown Trunk Rot (Fomitoosis officinalis) o.25 Light Brown Cubical Toorot (Fomitoosis caienderi) o.24 Light Brown Cubical Toorot (Fornitonsis caienderi) p.24 Brown Crurnblv Roi (Fomitoosis oinicola) p.26 Brown Crumbh· Rot (Fomitoosis ninicola) p.26 White Ring Rot (Phellinus robustus) p. 19 Brown-Monled White Rot (Pholiota limonella) o.22 White-Moll led Rot (Ganoderma annlanatum) o.30 White-Mottled Rot (Ganoderma aoolanaturn) p.30 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetinorus sulnhureus) p.23 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetioorus sulohureus) p.23 Brown-Mottled White Rot (Pholiota limonella) o.22 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lentinus leoideus) p.27 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lentinus leoideus) o.27

San RoL~ Sao RoL~ Grav-Brown Saprot (Crvotooorus volvatus) p.33 GraY-Brown Saorot (Crvntonorus volvatus) o.33 Pitted Saprot (Hirschionorus abietinum) p.32 Pi ued Saprol (1-lirschiooorus abietinum) o.32

Insect Damaoes Insect Dama<>es Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus nonderosae) p.38 Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus oonderosae) o.38 Pine Engraver Beetle ( los SOD.) p.40 Pine Engraver Beetle (Ins spp.) o.40 Red Turpentine Beetle (Dendroctonus valens) p.43 Red Turpentine Beetle (Dendroctonus valens) o.43 Ambrosia Beetles (Tr\'podendron. Xvleborus. p.45 Ambrosia Beetles (Trvpodendron, Xvleborus. p.45

Gnathotrichus. Platvous spp.) Gnathotrichus, Platvpus spp.)

Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buprestidae) p.47 Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buprestidae) o.47 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerarnbvcidae) o.48 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Ceramb"cidae) p.48

4 WEN NF

GRAND FIRE, WHITE FIR, SUBALPINE FIR, SHASTA RED FIR, NOBLE FIR (021, 022):

PACIFIC SILVER FIR, (015, 017, 019, 025):

Root and Butt Decavs Root and Butt Deca"s Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosus) p,08 Annosus Root Disease (l-leterobasidion annosus) o.08 Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostovae) o.11 Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii) o.09 Laminated Root Rot ( Phell inus we irii) o.09 Armillaria Root Disease (Armi llaria ostovae) p.11 Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phaeolus schweinitzii) p.12 White Pocket Root and Bun Rot (lnonotus tomentotus) o.10 Yellow Root Rot (Perreni~ria subacida) o. 13

Stem Deca"s Stem Dcca\'S Rust-Red Strin12,· Rot (Echinodontium tinctorium) p.1 5 Rust-Red Stringv Rot (Echinodontium tinctorium) p.15 Red Ring Rot ( Phellinus oini) o.16 Red Rirm Rot (Phellinus pini) o.16 Red Ring Rot Canker (Phellinus nini var. cancri formans) o.18 Red Ring Rot Canker (Phellinus nini var. cancri formans) o.18 Yellow Pitted Rot (l-lericium abietis) p.20 Brown Trunk Rot (Fomitonsis officina lis) p.25 Brown-Monled White Rot (Pholiota limonella) p.22 White Ring Rot (Fomitonsis caienderi) p.19 White Ring Rot (Phellinus robustus) p.19 Brown Crumbly Rot (Fomitonsis o inicola) p.26 Light Brown Cubical Toprot (Fomitonsis ca;enderi) o.24 White-Mottled Rot (Ganodenna aoolanatum) o.30 Brown Crumblv Rot (Fomitonsis ninicola) p,26 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Lactinorus sulohureus) o.23 Ganodcrma Trunk Rot (Ganodenna tsuQaC) o.21 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lentinus leoideus) o.27 White-Mottled Rot (Ganoderma annlanatum) o.30 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetinorus sulnhureus) o.23 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lentinus lcnideus) o.27

San Rots San Rots Gra\'-Brown Saprot (CrYntonorus volvatus) o.33 Gray-Brown Saorot (Crvntonorus volvatus) o.33 Pined Saprot ( Hirschionorus abietinum) p.32 Pined Saorot ( Hirschionorus abietinum) o.32 nsect Dama12es Insect Dama<>es Fir Engraver Beetle (Scoh 1us ventralis p.41 Fir En12raver Beet le (Scoh'lus vcntralis o.41 Ambrosia Beetles (Tnpodendron, X,·leborus, p.45 Ambrosia Beetles (Tn•podendron, Xvleborus, p.45

Gnathotrichus, Plat,·nus son.) Gnathotrichus, Platvous soo.)

Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buorestidae) o.47 Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buprestidae) o.47 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerambvcidae) o.48 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerambycidae) p.48 Sliver Fir Beetle ( Pseudoh,·lesinus sericeus) p.42 Sliver Fir Beetle (Pseudoh"lesinus scriccus) o.42

5 WEN NF

CHECKLIST OF COMMON DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGES

GRAND FIRE, WHITE FIR, SUBALPINE FIR, SHASTA RED FIR, NOBLE FIR (021 , 022):

PACIFIC S ILVER FIR, (015, 0 17, 019, 025):

(listed in order or decreasing occurrence)

Root and Butt Deca,·s Root and Butt Deca\'S Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosus) o.08 Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosus) o.08 Arrnillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostovae) p.11 Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii) o.09 Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii) p,09 Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostovae) o.11 Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phaeolus schweinitzii) p. 12 White Pocket Root and Bun Rot (lnonotus lomentotus) o.10 Yellow Root Rot (Perrcninoria subacida) o. 13

Stem Deca"s Stem Decavs Rust-Red Strin12\' Rot (Echinodontium tinclorium) o.15 Rust-Red Strin12v Rot (Echinodonlium tinctorium) o.15 Red Rinl!. Roi (Phell inus oini) o.16 Red Ring Rot (Phellinus oini) o.16 Red Ring Rot Canker (Phellinus nini var. cancriformans) p.18 Red Ring Rot Canker ( Phell inus nini var. cancriformans) p.18 Yellow Pilled Rot (Hericium abietis) p.20 Brown Tnmk Rot !Fomitonsis officinalis) p.25 Brown-Monled White Rot ( Pholiota limonella) p.22 White Ring Rot (Fomitonsis caienderi) p.19 White Ring Rot ( Phe ll inus robustus) p.19 Brown Crumbly Rot (Fomitoosis oinicola) p.26 Light Brown Cubica l Toprot (Fomitonsis caienderi) o.24 White-Mottled Rot (Ganoderma annlanatum) o.30 Brown Crumbly Rot (Fomitonsis ninicola) p.26 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetinorus sulnhureus) p.23 Ganoderma Trunk Rot (Ganoderma lsuoae) p.21 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lentinus leoideus) o.27 White-Mottled Rot (Ganoderma aoolanatum) o.30 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetinorus sulnhureus) o.23 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Len I inus lenideus) o.27 an Rots San Rots Grav-Brown Saprot (Cn •ntononrs volvatus) o.33 Grav-Brown Saorot (C n'otooorus volvatus) o.33 Pined Saorot (l-l irschionorus abietinum) o.32 Pined Sanrot ( Hirschionorus abietinum) o.32 nsect Damm2es Insect DamaPes Fir En~raver Beetle (Scoh1us ventralis o.41 Fir Engraver Beetle (Scoh1us ventralis o.41 Ambrosia Beetles (Tnpodendron, Xvleborus, p.45 Ambrosia Beetles (Trvpodendron, Xvleborus, p.45

Gnathotrichus, Platvnus spp.) Gnathotrichus, PlatYous soo.)

Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buorest idae) o.47 Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buprest idae) o.47 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerambvcidae) p.48 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Ceramb,·cidae) o.48 Sliver Fir Beetle ( Pseudohvlesinus sericeus) p.42 Sliver Fir Beetle ( Pseudohvlesinus sericeus) p.42

5 WEN NF

CHECKLIST OF COMMON DISEASE AND fNSECT DAMAGES

WESTERN, MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK (263, 264): ENGELMANN, SITKA SPRUCE (093, 098):

Root and Butt Decavs

Annosus Root Disease Laminated Root Rot Armi llaria Root Disease While Pockel Root and Butt Rot Brown Cubical Bun Roi Yellow Rool Rot

Stem Decavs Red Ring Rot Rust-Red Stringv Rot White Ring Rot Yellow Pined Roi Brown-Monled While Rot Light Brown Cubical Toorot Brown Trunk Rot Brown Crumbh· Rot Ganoderma Trunk Rot White-Monled Rot Dark Brown Cubical Rot Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers

Sao Rots Pitted Saprol

Insect DamaPes Ambrosia Beetles

Flathcaded Wood Borers

Roundheaded Wood Borers Sl iver Fir Beetle

Root and Butt D ecavs ( He1erobasidion annosus) o.08 Annosus Rool Disease (Heterobasidion annosus) p.08 ( Phellinus weirii) p.09 White Pocket Root and Bun Rot (lnonotus tomemotus) p.10 (Armil laria osto,·ae) p.11 Brown Cubical Butt Roi ( Phaeolus schweinitzii) p.12 ( l nonotus lomenlolus) o.I0 Laminated Root Rot ( Phellinus weirii) p.09 (Phaeolus schweinitzii) D.I2 Armi llaria Rool Disease (Armillaria osto\'ae) p. II (Perreninoria subacida) D.13 Yellow Root Rot (Perreninoria subacicla) p. I3

Stem Decavs

(Phellinus nini) o.16 Red Ring Rot (Phellinus nini) p.16 (Echinodon1ium tinctorium) o.15 Yellow Pined Roi (Hericium abietis) o.20 (Phellinus robuslus) p. I9 Brown-Mottled While Roi ( Pholiola l imonella) o.22 (Hericium abietis) p.20 Light Brown Cubical Toorot ( Fomitonsis caienderi) p.24 (Phol iola l imonella) p.22 Brown Tnmk Rot ( Fomilonsis officinalis) p.25 (Fomitonsis caienderi) p.24 Brown Crumbh· Rot (Fomitonsis ninicola) p.26 (Fomilonsis officinal is) o.25 White-Monled Roi (Ganodenna annlana1um) p.30 (Fomitonsis ninicola) D.26 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetinorus sulnhureus) p.23 (Ganoderma tsuoae) o.21 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lentinus lenideus) o.27 (Ganoderma aoolanatum) o.30 Ganoderma Tnmk Rot (Ganoderma 1su0 ael p.2 I ( Laetinorus sulnhureus) o.23 (Lenlinus lenideus) o.27

San Rots

(Hirschionorus abielinum) o.32 Pitied Saorot (H irschionorus abie1inum) P.32 Insect Damar>es

(Tr,podendron, X"leborus, p.45 Spruce Beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) p.37 Gnalholrichus, Platvnus spp.)

(Buprestidae) p.47 Ambrosia Beetles (Tr" podendron, X,·leborus, p.45

Gnathotrichus. Platvnus soo.)

(Ceramb\'cidae) p.48 Flatheaded Wood Borers (Bunrestidae) p.47 (Pseudoh" lesinus sericeus) p.42 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerambvcidae) p.48

6 WEN NF

CHECKLIST OF COMMON DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGES

(listed in order or decreasing occurrence)

WESTERN, MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK (263,264): ENGELMANN, SITKA SPRUCE (093, 098):

Root and Butt Decavs Root and Butt Dccavs

Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosus) n.08 Annosus Root Disease ( He1erobasidion annosus) p.08 Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii) p.09 White Pocket Root and Butt Rot ( lnonotus tomentotus) p.I0 A rmi Ilaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostoYae) o.11 Brown Cubical Butt Rot ( Phaeolus schweinitzii) p.12

White Pocket Root and Bun Rot ( lnonotus tomentotus) o.10 Laminated Root Rot ( Phellinus weirii) p.09 Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phaeolus schweinitzii) D.I2 Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostovae) o.1I

Yellow Root Rot (Perreninoria subacida) P. I 3 Yellow Root Rot ( Perreninoria subacida) o.I3

Stem Decays Stem Decavs

Red Ring Rot ( Phellinus nini) o. I6 Red Ring Rot (Phell inus nini) o.I6 Rust-Red Stringv Rot (Echinodontium tinctorium) D.15 Yellow Pined Rot (Hericium abie1is) o.20 White Ring Rot ( Phellinus robustus) p.19 Brown-Mottled White Rot (Phol iota l imonella) p.22

Yellow Pitted Rot ( Hericium abietis) p.20 L ight Brown Cubical Toorot (Fomitonsis caicnderi) p.24 Brown-Mottled White Rot (Pholiota l imonella) o.22 Brown Trunk Rot (Fomitonsis officinalis) o.25 Light Brown Cubical Toprot (Fomitonsis caienderi) D.24 Brown Crumblv Rot (Fomitonsis ninicola) p.26 Brown Trunk Rot (Fomitonsis officinal is) D.25 White-Mottled Rot (Ganoderma ann(anatum) o.30 Brown Crumblv Rot (Fomitonsis ninicola) p.26 Dark Brown Cubical Rot ( l .aetinorus sulnhurcus) p.23 Ganoderma Trunk Rot (Ganoderma tsu2ae) o.2I Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lent inus lenidcus) p.27

White-Mottled Rot (Ganodem1a annlanatum) o.30 Ganoderma Trunk Rot (Ganoderma tsuoae\ o.21 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetioorus sulohureus) o.23

Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lentinus lenideus) p.27

San Rots San Rots

Pitted Saorot (Hirschionorus abietinum) o.32 Pitted Saorot ( Hirschionorus abietinum) p.32

Insect DamaQes Insect DamaQCS

Ambrosia Beetles (T rvpodendron, X vleborus. p.45 Spruce Beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) p.37 Gnathotrichus, Platvnus soo.)

Flatheadcd Wood Borers ( Buprestidae) p.47 Ambrosia Beetles (Tnpodendron, Xvleborus, p.45 Gnathotrichus, Platvnus soo.)

Roundheaded Wood Borers (Ceramb\'cidae) o.48 Flatheaded Wood Borers (Bunrestidae) o.47 Sli ver Fir Beetle (Pseudohvlesinus sericeus) o.42 Roundheaded Wood Borers (Cerambvcidae) p.48

6 WEN NF

WESTERN, LARCH (070): WESTERN REDCEDAR, INCENSE CEDAR, ALASK

Root and Butt Decavs Brown Cubical Bun Rot Laminated Root Rot Annillaria Root Disease White Pocket Root and Butt Rot Yellow Root Rot

Stem Decavs

Red Ring Rot

Light Brown Cubical Toprot Brown Tnmk Rot Brown Crumbh· Rot Dark Brown Cubical Rot Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers

Sao Rots Grav-Brown Saprot Pitted Saprot

Insect Damages Ambrosia Beetles

Flatheaded Wood Borers Roundheaded Wood Borers Douglas-fir Beetle

YELLOW CEDAR, PORT ORFORD CEDAR (242,

081, 042, 041}:

Root and Butt Decavs (Phaeolus schweinitzi i) p.12 Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii) (Phellinus weirii) D.09 White Pocket Root and Butt Rot (lnonotus tomentotus) (Armillaria osto,ae) p.11 Yellow Root Rot (Perreniooria subacida) ( lnonotus tomentotus) p. 10 Brown Cubical Bun Rot ( Phacolus schweinitzii) (Perreniooria subacida) D. 13 A rmil laria Root D isease (Armillaria ostovae)

Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosus) Stem Dccavs

( l'hellinus oini) p.16 Red Ring Rot (Phell inus oini) (Fomitopsis caienderi) o.24 Brown Pocket Rot of Cedar (Olioonorus sericeomollis) (242,042) (Fomitoosis officinalis) D.25 Pcckv Rot of Incense Cedar (OJigonorus amarus) (081) (Fomitoosis Dinicola) p.26 L ight Brown Cubical Toorot (Fomitoosis caienderi) (Laetioorus sulDhureus) p.23 Brown Crumbh• Rot (Fomitopsis Dinicola) (Lentinus l<e12ideus) p.27 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers (Lentinus l~Jlideus)

Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laeti12orus sulohureus) Sao Rots

(CrvDtODOrus volvatus) p.33 Pitted Saprot I (Hirschioporus abietinus) ( HirschioDorus abietinus) p.32

(Tn·podendron, Xvleborus, p.45 Gnathotrichus, Plat,]'.!US spp.)

(Buprestidae) o.47 (Cerambvcidae) p.48 (Dendroctonus oseudotsuoae) p.36

CHECKLIST OF COMMON DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGES

(listed in order or decreasing occurrence)

WEN NF

p.09 p.10 p.13 p.12 p.11 p.08 p.16 p.28 p.29 p.24 p.26 p.27 p.23 p.32

WESTERN, LARCH (070): WESTERN REDCEDAR, INCENSE CEDAR, A LASK

YELLOW CEDAR, PORT ORFORD CEDAR (242,

081 , 042, 041):

Root and B utt Decavs Root and Butt Decavs Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phaeolus schweinitzi i) o.12 Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii) p.09 Laminated Root Roi (Phellinus weirii) D.09 White Pocket Root and Butt Rot (lnonotus tomentotus) p.10 Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostovae) p. 11 Yellow Root Rot (Perreniporia subacida) p.13 White Pocket Root and Bun Rot (lnonotus tomentotus) p.10 Brown Cubical Butt Rot (Phacolus schwein itzii) p.12 Yellow Root Rot (Perreniporia subacida) o.13 Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostovae) p.1 1

Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosus) p.08 Stem Decavs Stem Deca,·s

Red Ring Rot (Phellinus oini) o.16 Red Ring Rot (Phellinus Dini) p.16 Light Brown Cubical Toorot (Fomitopsis caienderi) D.24 Brown Pocket Rot of Cedar (Ol ioonorus sericeomoll is) (242, 042) p.28 Brown Trunk Rot (Fomitoosis officinalis) p.25 Pecky Rot of Incense Cedar (Ol igonorus amarus) (081) p.29 Brown Crumb!)· Rot (Fomitoosis pinicola) p.26 Light Brown Cubical Toprot (FomitoDsis caienderi) p,24 Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetioorus sulDhurcus) o.23 Brown Crumb!)· Rot (Fomitoosis Dinicola) p,26 Brown Cubical Rot of Conifers ( Lentinus lcoideus) p.27 Brown Cubical Rot of Coni fers (Lentinus leoidcus) p.27

Dark Brown Cubical Rot (Laetioorus sulohureus) p.23 Sao Rots Sao Rots

Grav-Brown Saprot (Cn·otoDorus volvatus) p.33 Pitted Saprot (Hirschiooorus abictinus) p.32 Pitted Saprot (H irschioDorus abietinus) p.32

Insect Damages Ambrosia Beetles (T rvpodendron, Xvlcborus, p.45

Gnathotrichus, Platypus spp,) Flatheaded Wood Borers (Buprestidae) p.47 Roundheaded Wood Borers (CerambYcidae) p.48 Douglas-fir Beetle (Dendroctonus 12seudotSUQae) p.36

7 WENNF

8 WEN NF

8 WEN NF

ROOT AND BUTT DECAYS

9 WEN NF

9 WEN NF

ANNOSUS ROOT DISEASE:

a) caused by Heterobasidion annosum; aka Fornes annosus, Fomitopsis annosa;

b) damage is severe root and butt decay, and tree mortality;

c) advanced decay - small e longated white pockets coalescing to form a white spongy rot; advanced decay may be confused with that of

Yellow Root Rot (Perreniporia subac ida), Ganoderma Trunk Rot (Ganoderma tsugae), and White-Mottled Rot (Ganoderma applanatum);

incipient decay - wood is firm, stained pinkish, wine-red, reddish-brown to light-brown, or not at all, depending upon the host; tree mortality is associated with several root diseases, close inspection of individual trees is needed to properly identify causal agents; mortality may be confused with that caused by Armillaria Root Disease (Armi llaria ostoyae) and Laminated Root Rot (Phel linus weirii).

HOSTS OF ANNOSUS ROOT DISEASE:

a) all conifers are affected by this root disease;

b) especially damaging to hemlocks 263,264; true firs 0 15, 017, 025; spruces 093, 098; pines 108, 199, 116, 117, 119, 122, 123.

CULL RULES:

a) for hemlocks. E. spruce, true firs, cu ll 16-feet of the butt log ifa conk is visible near the root collar, or cull 4-feet above the top ofan infected basal scar (decay verified), whichever is greater;

b) cull 4-feet above and below infected stem wounds (decay verified);

c) cu ll rules apply to wounds that are at least IO years old; date wounds and logging scars with a cruiser's axe; younger wounds - cull log length associated with wound or scar;

d) if this defect is not taken as a seen defect, local estimates of hidden defect must account for it; improve local estimates through fell-and buck studies, mil l studies, mating cruise an4 cut-out information for selected sales by unit and species where possible.

DETECTION HINTS:

a) laminated decay with pits (elongated pockets) on one side of laminae; pit size increases with increasing width of growth rings; pockets coalesce to form a wet, whi te spongy rot; incipient decay (stain);

b) conks in decay hollows of old stumps, root crotches; conks with brown to dark chestnut upper surface with a wh ite poreless margin; under surface creamy white; pores small, round; conks leathery to woody often with litter incorporated into under surface;

c) in many trees, defect is completely hidden with wounds callused over, or disease entered through roots; intertree spread of disease occurs via root contact with infected stumps or infected living or dead trees.

ROOT AND BUTT DECAYS

ANNOSUS ROOT DISEASE:

a) caused by Heterobasidion annosum; aka Fornes annosus, Fomitopsis annosa;

b) damage is severe root and butt decay, and tree mortality;

WEN NF

c) advanced decay - small e longated white pockets coalescing to form a white spongy rot; advanced decay may be confused with that of Yel low Root Rot (Perreniporia subacida), Ganodenna Trunk Rot (Ganoderma tsugae), and White-Mottled Rot (Ganoderma applanatum);

incipient decay - wood is firm, stained pinkish, wine-red, reddi sh-brown to light-brown, or not at all, depending upon the host; tree mortality is associated with several root diseases, close inspection of individual trees is needed to properly identify causal agents; mortality may be confused with that caused by Armillaria Root Disease (Armillaria ostoyae) and Laminated Root Rot (Phellinus weirii).

HOSTS OF ANNOSUS ROOT DISEASE:

a) all conifers are affected by this root disease;

b) especially damaging to hemlocks 263, 264; true firs O 15,017, 025; spruces 093, 098; pines I 08, 199, 11 6, 11 7, 119, 122, 123.

CULL RULES:

a) for hemlocks. E. spruce, true firs, cull 16-feet of the butt log if a conk is visible near the root collar, or cull 4-feet above the top of an infected basal scar (decay verified), whichever is greater;

b) cull 4-feet above and below infected stem wounds (decay verified);

c) cull rules apply to wounds that are at least IO years old; date wounds and logging scars with a cruiser's axe; younger wounds - cull log length associated with wound or scar;

d) if this defect is not taken as a seen defect, local estimates of hidden defect must account for it; improve local estimates through fell -and buck studies, mill…