02200_Earthwork.DOC

SECTION 02200 ‑ EARTHWORK

Part 1 - GENERAL

1.1. SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following:

1. Stripping and stockpiling topsoil.

2. Mass grading (earth and rock).

3. Preparing subgrade for pavements.

1.2. DEFINITIONS

A. Excavation consists of removal of material encountered to subgrade elevations and limits indicated and subsequent disposal or placement as fill of materials removed.

B. Unauthorized excavation consists of removal of materials beyond indicated subgrade elevations or dimensions without specific direction of Owner’s Representative. Unauthorized excavation, as well as remedial work directed by Owner’s Representative, shall be at Contractor’s expense.

1. Under footings, foundation bases, or retaining walls, fill unauthorized excavation by extending indicated bottom elevation of footing or base to stable excavation bottom, without altering required top elevation. Lean concrete fill may be used to bring elevations to proper position, when reviewed by the Engineer.

2. In locations other than those above, backfill and compact unauthorized excavations as specified for authorized excavations of same classification, unless otherwise reviewed by Engineer.

C. Additional Excavation: When excavation has reached required subgrade elevations and all groundwater removed, notify Owner’s Representative, who will make an inspection of conditions. If Owner’s Representative determines that bearing materials at required subgrade elevations are unsuitable, continue excavation until a suitable subgrade can be established as determined by the Owner’s Representative and replace excavated material as directed by Owner’s Representative. Construction fabric will be required.

1. Removal of unsuitable material and its replacement as directed will be paid on basis of Conditions of the Contract relative to established unit prices.

D. Subgrade: The undisturbed earth or the compacted soil layer immediately below granular subbase, drainage fill, or topsoil materials.

E. Structure: Buildings, foundations, slabs, manholes, tanks, curbs, or other man‑made stationary features occurring above or below ground surface.

F. Rock: Determined as the excavation of material that requires the use of special rock excavation equipment such as rippers, rock wheels, hoe ram or drilling and blasting.

1.3. SUBMITTALS

A. Waste Disposal Plan: Provide a waste disposal plan..

B. The Contractor shall prepare and submit an Excavation Plan fully coordinated with the owner to ensure compliance with shipping requirements while working on or around working wall.

C. Test Reports: When testing is required to be performed by the Contractor, submit the following reports directly to the Engineer and the Owner’s Representative from the testing services.

1. Field reports; in‑place soil density tests.

2. One optimum moisture‑maximum density curve for each type of soil encountered.

3. Report of actual unconfined compressive strength and/or results of bearing tests of each strata tested.

4. All other field or material testing related to the Contract.

1.4. QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Codes and Standards: Perform excavation work in compliance with applicable requirements.

B. Testing and Inspection Service: Unless otherwise noted in Supplemental Conditions or on the Drawings, the Contractor will employ and pay for a qualified independent Geotechnical testing and inspection laboratory to perform soil testing and inspection service during earthwork operations.

C. Testing Laboratory Qualifications: To qualify for acceptance, the Geotechnical testing laboratory must demonstrate to the satisfaction of Owner’s Representative, that it has the experience and capability to conduct required field and laboratory Geotechnical testing without delaying the progress of the Work, based on evaluation of laboratory‑submitted criteria conforming to ASTM E 699.

1.5. PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Existing Utilities: Locate existing underground utilities in areas of excavation work. If utilities are indicated to remain in place, provide adequate means of support and protection during and after earthwork operations.

1. Should unanticipated piping or other utilities be encountered during excavation, consult utility owner immediately for directions. Cooperate with Owner and utility companies in keeping respective services and facilities in operation. Repair damaged utilities under the direction of and to the satisfaction of the utility owner.

2. Do not interrupt existing utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others, except when permitted in writing by Owner’s Representative and then only after acceptable temporary utility services have been provided.

a. Provide minimum of 48‑hour notice to Owner’s Representative and utility company, and receive written notice to proceed before interrupting any utility.

3. Demolish and completely remove from site existing underground utilities indicated to be removed. Coordinate with utility companies for shutoff of services if lines are active.

B. Protection of Persons and Property: Barricade open excavations occurring as part of this work and post with warning lights.

1. Operate warning lights as recommended OSHA.

2. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

3. Perform excavation by hand within dripline of large trees to remain. Protect root systems from damage or dryout to the greatest extent possible. Maintain moist condition for root system and cover exposed roots with moistened burlap.

Part 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1. SOIL MATERIALS

A. Subbase Material: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel or crushed stone meeting requirements of NYSDOT Standard Specifications 304-2.02 Type 1 or as shown on drawings.

Part 3 - EXECUTION

3.1. EXCAVATION

A. Excavation: Unclassified and includes excavation to subgrade elevations indicated, regardless of character of materials and obstructions encountered unless the use of rock equipment or blasting is required.

3.2. STABILITY OF EXCAVATIONS

A. General: Comply with local codes, ordinances, and requirements of OSHA.

3.3. EXCAVATION FOR PAVEMENTS

A. Excavate surface under pavements to comply with cross‑sections, pavement details, elevations and grades as indicated on Drawings. Where subbase varies in depth, grade subgrade to ensure proper drainage without trapping water.

3.4. COLD WEATHER PROTECTION

A. Protect excavation bottoms against freezing when atmospheric temperature is less than 35 degrees F.

3.5. GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas within limits of grading under this section, including adjacent transition areas. Smooth finished surface within specified tolerances, compact with uniform levels or slopes between points where elevations are indicated or between such points and existing grades.

B. Grading Outside Building Lines: Grade areas adjacent to building lines to drain away from structures and to prevent ponding. Finish grade shall be free from irregular surfaces, uniform and sealed with a steel drum roller. Bring mass grading to plus or minus 1/10 of a foot of the subgrade indicated on the Drawings.

C. Grading Surface under Building or Structures: Grade smooth and even, free of voids, compacted as specified, and to required elevation. Provide final grades within a tolerance of 1 inch when tested with a 10‑foot straightedge.

D. Compaction: After grading, compact subgrade surfaces to the indicated percentage of maximum dry density for each area classification.

E. At the end of each workday, take necessary action to seal grades and promote proper drainage.

3.6. FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Quality Control Testing During Construction: Allow testing service to inspect and approve each subgrade and fill layer before further backfill or construction work is performed.

1. Perform field density tests in accordance with ASTM D 1556 (sand cone method) or ASTM D2922 (nuclear method) as applicable.

a. Periodically check and adjust field density tests with ASTM D 2922, to correlate to tests performed using ASTM D 1556. In conjunction with each density calibration check, check the calibration curves furnished with the moisture gages in accordance with ASTM D 3017.

b. If field tests are performed using nuclear methods, make calibration checks of both density and moisture gages at beginning of work, on each different type of material encountered, and at intervals reviewed by the Engineer.

2. Paved Areas and Building Slab Subgrade: Perform at least one field density test of subgrade for every 2,000 sq. ft. of paved area or building slab, but in no case fewer than three tests in each compacted fill layer.

3. If in opinion of Engineer, based on testing service reports and inspection, subgrade or fills that have been placed are below specified density, perform additional compaction and testing until specified density is obtained.

3.7. MAINTENANCE

A. Protection of Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris.

B. Repair and reestablish grades in settled, eroded, and rutted areas to specified tolerances.

C. Reconditioning Compacted Areas: Where completed compacted areas are disturbed by subsequent construction operations or adverse weather, scarify surface, reshape, and compact to required density prior to further construction.

D. Settling: Where settling is measurable or observable during general project warranty period, remove surface (pavement, lawn, or other finish), add backfill material, compact, and replace surface treatment. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of surface or finish to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of restoration to greatest extent possible. Perform repair work at no additional expense to the Contract.

END OF SECTION

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EARTHWORK

02200 - 1

EARTHWORK