Attachment 1_SOW_Appendix D.pdf

Manual of Editorial Style and Publication Standards

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation

Revised November 2015 ii iii

Contents Contents ..................................................................................................... iii NCSES Manuscript Preparation

Manuscript Elements and Sequence Front Matter Text Back Matter

Checklist for Authors and Project Officers Text Tables and Charts Red Jacket

NCSES Editorial Style

Abbreviations Capitalization

Title Case Sentence Case Words and Terms Capitalized Words and Terms Not Capitalized

Citations, Text References Compounds

Spelling Hyphenation

Dates Definite and Indefinite Articles

Errata Equations Font Attributes

Boldface Italics Superscript Underlining

Foreign Words and Non-U.S. Spellings Lists

Run-in Lists Displayed Lists

Numbers Numbers Expressed in Digits

Numbers Expressed in Words Comparisons and Rounding

Decimals Ordinals Percentages

Plurals and Possessives Plurals Possessives iv

Punctuation

Punctuation Marks and Note Numbers Colon Comma Ellipsis Points Em Dash (—) En Dash (–) Hyphen (-) Parentheses and Brackets Period Quotation Marks (Quotations) Semicolon Slashes

References Special Terminology

Survey Names Race, Ethnicity, and Disability Fields Degrees Countries and Economies

Tense and Agreement Tense Agreement

Word Choice About vs. Approximately Applied research and development

Compare To vs. Compare With Comprise vs. Constitute vs. Compose Data Fewer vs. Less Half vs. One-half Impact Gender vs. Sex

Men and Women vs. Male and Female Percent vs. Percentage

R&D/GDP

Seasons (fall, spring, etc.)

Since vs. Because

Steadily Which vs. That

While vs. Although vs. Whereas Words and Letters Used as Words Web-Related Terms Years and Dates

NCSES Table Standards Formatting Essentials v

Titles

Building the Title Detailed Formatting

File Specifications Size Title and Headnote Stub and Column Heads Repeating Rows Horizontal and Vertical Rules Data Field Reporting Codes for Missing or Modified Data Reader Breaks Symbols

Key, Notes, and Sources Page Breaks

Editorial Style for Tables Abbreviations and Acronyms Capitalization List Ordering and Sorting Punctuation Category Names

NCSES Figure Standards Figure Guidance

Using Figures Figure Type Design

File Specifications General Formatting

Figure box Title Axes Variable Labels and Legends Tints and Patterns

Key, Notes, and Sources Formatting by Type

Line Charts

Area Charts Bar Charts

Pie charts Appendix 1: Science and Engineering Indicators Editorial Style

Guidance for Writers Organization Highlights Chapter Introduction and Conclusion Sidebars

Use of acronyms in Indicators vi

Indicators Table and Figure Standards

Titles Definitions, Footnotes, Notes, and Source Information Figures General Notes Sources Short Sources and Cross References Full Sources

Style Changes without Track Changes in Indicators List of Acronyms used in Indicators Editing Checklist Final Proofing Checklist for Indicators

Appendix 2: Persistent URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) for NCSES/NSB Publications

Serial Publication Pages Survey Description Pages

Appendix 3: File Format Guidelines for NCSES Publications General Guidelines

Software File Delivery File Naming Manuscript Text Figures and Other Artwork Tables

Checklist for Specific File Types Word

Excel

PDF

Appendix 4: NCSES Supplemental Guidelines for New Surveys, Major Revisions of Existing Surveys, and Improvements of Continuing Surveys

Introduction NCSES Supplemental Guidance

Part A: Concepts and Question Development Part B: Statistical Aspects Part C: Data Collection and Processing Aspects

Part D: Iterative Nature Part E: Implementation

Exhibit 1 Exhibit 2

Exhibit 3 Exhibit 4 Exhibit 5 References

Appendix 5: Common Source Lines for Science and Engineering Indicators vii

NCSES Surveys

Non-NCSES Surveys NCSES Databases Non-NCSES Databases Other

Bibliography

NCSES Manuscript Preparation

Manuscript Elements and Sequence

The “Checklist for Authors and Project Officers” section, beginning on p.

12, lists general specifications for preparation of electronic text files.

Organize the elements of the manuscript (front matter, text, back matter) in sequence, with elements separated by a page break, so that each one begins on a new page. Provide figures and tables as individual files; do not embed them in the text.

The following elements should be provided with or included in the main content of an NCSES InfoBrief (IB), detailed statistical tables report (DST), special report (SR), or working paper (WP).

IB

byline contact information paragraph referencing the full set of tables (data releases only)

DST, WP

acknowledgments suggested citation contact information contents list of tables and appendix tables title page

SR

acknowledgments citation contact information contents cover and title pages list of tables and appendix tables or figures

Front Matter

Acknowledgments (DST, SR, WP) Acknowledgements are intended to recognize persons who contributed substantially to the production of the work but who are not listed on the title page of printed reports or listed as author or project officer in electronic-only reports.

1. When first named, include the person’s affiliation but do not include the person’s title (Mr., Ms., Mrs., Dr., Col., Sen., Assoc. Prof., or any other civil, military, or social title). If a person is listed a second time, list the full name but do not list the affiliation.

2. Acknowledge professional contracting services by the name of the contracting company. If individual contractors are acknowledged, include their affiliation in the acknowledgment.

Suggested Citation Cite NSF/NCSES-authored publications (DST, SR, OTH) as follows:

National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. Year.

Title. Report Type [for example, Detailed Statistical Table, Special Report] NSF XX-XXX.

Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsfxxxx/.

Attribute authorship of Working Papers and InfoBriefs to individuals rather than to NSF/NCSES, and cite them as such. Working Papers are assigned an NCSES publication number rather than an NSF number. The style is as follows:

Author(s). Year. Title. InfoBrief NSF XX-XXX. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/ statistics/infbrief/nsfxxxx/.

Author(s). Year. Title. Working Paper NCSES XX-XXX. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/ statistics/ncsesxxxx/.

Contents (DST, SR, WP)

1. Include chapter or section heads, level-one heads, and level-two heads

(see “Text Headings,” p. 6).

2. If there are no titled chapters or divisions, include only the first- and second-level heads.

If paragraph styles have been used, Word can be used to generate a table of contents. From the menu bar select Insert/Reference/Index and Tables then click on the Table of Contents tab. Choose settings appropriate to the report and Click OK.

Cover Page (SR)

1. Full title. Capitalize all main words.

2. Directorate/Division.

3. Placeholder for NSF number: last two digits of the year-XXX (e.g., 13-301).

4. Author/project officer.

Title Page (SR)

1. Full title. Capitalize all main words.

2. Project officer. Do not include job titles.

3. Contract or other authors and their affiliations.

Text

Author/Project Officer Contact Information (All pubs) Include contact information in the following form:

Author’s/Project officer’s name (do not include job title) Program Name National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965 Arlington, VA 22230 E-mail address (in lowercase letters)

703-292-XXXX

Byline (IB)

1. Set the authors’ names flush left one line above the beginning of the text, preceded by the word “by.”

2. Provide the authors’ affiliation in an endnote.

Callouts for Figures and Tables Refer readers to tables and figures either in the narrative, “Trend data are shown in table 3,” or in parenthetical callouts, “Defense accounts for 57.3% of the federal R&D and R&D plant total (table 3).” Use lowercase for the words figure and table.

Citation of Forthcoming Detailed Tables (data-release IB) Include a paragraph in the following form referencing the full set of detailed tables at the end of data-release InfoBriefs, immediately preceding the author contact information:

The full set of detailed tables from this survey will be available in the report [DST report title], at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/[survey’s persistent URL]. Individual detailed tables from the [year] survey may be available in advance of the full report. For further information, please contact the author. [Note: if a contractor wrote the IB, text would read “…please see the author endnote for contact information.]

Citations, Text References

1. Refer to forthcoming InfoBriefs, detailed statistical tables reports, special reports, and working papers by the report’s title, italicized.

Include the full URL; use a persistent URL if available. (See appendix 2, p. 97.)

Detailed statistics for these new items will be available later this year in Research and Development in Industry: 2006–07 at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/industry/.

2. Cite NSF/SRS, NSF/NCSES, and NSB sources by acronym and 4-digit year of publication. Spell the name in full in the “References” section followed by its acronym, in parentheses. [Note: On 4 January 2011, the Division of Science Resources Statistics was renamed the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics.]

(NSF/SRS 2010)

(NSF/NCSES 2011)

3. Cite non-NCSES sources by the author’s surname and the 4-digit year of publication, in parentheses. Give page numbers for quoted text.

(Surname year) (Surname year, year) for one author with more than one cited publication. Order years chronologically.

(Surname yeara, yearb) for multiple papers published in the same year by the same author.

(Surname A, Surname B, and Surname C year) for papers with up to three authors;

(Surname A et al. year) for papers with more than three authors.

(Surname year; surname year; surname year) for multiple papers. List papers alphabetically by author. Do not insert and before the last citation.

(Surname year: X/ X–Y) to cite a particular page or pages.

(Surname year, figure X, table X) to cite a figure or table from another source. If page numbers are also cited, list pages after the year. If both figures and tables are cited from the same work, list figures first, then tables.

4. Cite soon-to-be-published works by the author’s surname or by the organization’s name and the word “forthcoming.”

5. Cite organizations or institutions as authors by the organization’s acronym and the 4-digit year of publication. Spell the organization’s name in full in the “References” section followed by its acronym, in parentheses.

6. Cite information from unpublished sources as “unpublished.”

7. When citing a website (e.g., a home page), the sponsoring organization is considered the author, and the year the material was last updated (which is generally indicated on the site) is the date of publication.

8. When citing a formal publication lodged on a website, use the author and date found on the publication.

Examples of citations, individual authors Burke (2002) says… (Burke 2002) (Burke 2001, 2002) (Burke 2001a, 2001b) (Burke and Jones 2002) (Burke, Jones, and Lee 2002) (Burke et al. 2002) (Burke 2002; NSB 2002) (Burke 2002:23; Jones 2002, figure 1; NSF 2005) (Burke 2002; IDRC 1999; NSF/NCSES 2012, table 2-1) (Burke 2002; Jones 2002; Lee 2000) (Burke 2002:267–68) (Burke 2002:23; Jones 2002, table 2) (Herbert 1999, figure 2; Lee 2000; Lewis 2000; Smith 1998:67)

(Smith forthcoming) (Smith unpublished)

Examples of citations, organization as author; references style follows each example

(AIA 2005), Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) (BEA 2005), Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) (BLS 2001), Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) (OMB 2004), U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) (NSB 2004), National Science Board (NSB) (NSF 2006), National Science Foundation (NSF) (NSF/NCSES 2011), National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics

Endnotes

1. Use endnotes at the end of the chapter instead of footnotes and entitle them “Notes.”

2. Do not bury important information in an endnote.

3. Use endnotes sparingly and only for technical information or definitions that are essential for comprehension but cannot readily be moved into the body text. In general, much of the information that is relegated to endnotes can quite easily be worked into the main text.

4. Use endnotes, not footnotes, in text. Incorporate critical information that must be close to the related text in the body text (parenthetically, if necessary).

5. Avoid having more than one endnote off the same sentence; combine them or move one of them.

6. Start note numbers with 1 in each major section of a document (e.g., chapter, appendix). Number notes consecutively throughout a document with no major internal divisions (e.g., InfoBrief).

7. Place the note number at the end of a sentence or clause, after all punctuation except a dash. For notes in tabular material see “NCSES Table Standards,” p. 46.).

8. Endnotes to text must be in complete sentences. However, they should be as concise as possible.

9. Place the note number on the same line as the note text (not superscripted). Make each note a separate paragraph. Place references (in the order called out) in the “Notes” section of InfoBriefs unless other considerations compel use of a separate “References” section.

1. 2001 NSRCG questionnaire asks graduates whether they have ever taken courses at a community college and whether they have a 2-year associate’s degree but does not distinguish between receiving associate’s degree from a community college and earning it from a 4-year institution.

2. American Association of Community Colleges website: http://www.aacc.nche.edu/.

3. S&E graduates are surveyed 1 or 2 years after receipt of the degree and might not have had children at the time they received their degrees or during their attendance at community college.

4. NCES (National Center for Education Statistics). 2003. Digest of Education Statistics, 2002. Page 245. NCES 2003060. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

10. In Special Reports, DSTs, and Indicators place the notes section at the end of each chapter, if so divided, or the end of manuscript but before the references section.

11. For Indicators, do not put references in the endnotes unless the reference applies only to a citation made in the endnote; all other references should be in the reference list.

Footnotes Footnotes should be used sparingly for sidebars (for Indicators). They can also be used in figures and in tables.

Text Headings Headings divide the text into logical sections and serve as a guide to a section’s content. Taken together, the headings should function as an outline of the manuscript’s organization.

1. Headings in NCSES publications should be hierarchical, with first-level headings indicating main divisions and second-level headings indicating subdivisions within the main divisions.

2. Most NCSES publications will require at most two levels of headings.

Distinguish the heading typographically so that reviewers and editors can easily recognize main and subordinate sections.

3. If a section is subdivided, there should be at least two subsections.

4. Headings should be concise and parallel in structure.

5. Capitalize all main words.

Back Matter

Reference List

1. If sources are cited in the text, list the full reference for each citation in a references section. If the list contains only cited sources, title the section “References.”

2. If references for other relevant sources are included that are not cited in the text, title the section “Bibliography.”

3. Order entries alphabetically by author. If there is more than one work by the same author(s), order entries chronologically (from earlier to most recent).

4. If there is more than one work within a given year by the same author(s), alphabetize by the titles of the works and assign a letter after the date.

5. Author or editor. List all authors or editors by last name and initials;

do not use et al.; do not use periods with initials or commas between the last name and initials. Separate multiple authors’ or editors’ names with commas. Follow an editor’s name with a comma and the word editor. Use a period between the last author’s or editor’s name and the year of publication.

Smith JL. 2004 Smith JL, editor. 2005 Smith JL, Aickman RF, Kauffeld C. 2005

6. Year. Use 4-digit year of publication for print and dated online sources. Use date last updated for Web pages or otherwise undated online sources. If the source is undated material (e.g., an unpublished, undated source, or an undated Web page), use the abbreviation n.d.

(no date).

7. Title. Use title (or headline) case for book and monograph titles (including NCSES publications); use sentence case for chapter, article, and report titles, whether the source is in print or electronic. Capitalize the first word after a colon whether in title case or sentence case.

Capitalize all main elements of hyphenated compounds in headline-case titles containing hyphenated words. [See “Capitalization” on p.

15 for more information about title case.]

Tapetum character states: Analytical keys (sentence case) High-Tech Industries Drive Global Economic Activities (title case) S&E Doctorates Hit All-Time High in 2005 (title case) U.S. Industrial R&D Expenditures and R&D-to-Sales Ratio Reach Historical Highs in 2000 (title case)

8. Pagination. Condense inclusive ranges of pages given in arabic numerals. Give the first number in the range in full. For the last number in the range, use two or more digits as needed. Use an n-dash between the numbers. Ranges in roman numerals should be given in full. Pagination may be lacking for online documents and articles in electronic journals.

pp. 3–10

pp. 71–72

pp. 100–04

pp. 1087–91

9. Publication details. For books and chapters include edition, number of volumes (if citing the entire work) or volume cited (if citing one volume of a series), and so forth. For journal articles include volume and issue number if any (or date/season, depending on the cited journal’s system) and pagination. Electronic journal articles are treated the same but are not usually paginated.

10. City, State/Country. Provide the city and state (as a U.S. postal code) or country of publication unless the city is major, likely to be easily placed by most readers, and cannot be confused with another city of the same name. If the publisher’s name includes the state name, the postal code is not needed. Always include DC with the capital city.

Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Cambridge: Cambridge University Press New York: Oxford University Press

Oxford: Oxford University Press Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates Inc.

11. Publisher. List the publisher’s name or the sponsoring institution as appropriate. If the sponsoring institution is also the author, do not list name again as publisher. For NCSES InfoBriefs and working papers include the division’s name (see “Templates and Examples,” item 1, below). Abbreviate associated legal terms (Co., Corp., Inc., Ltd., and so forth).

12. Use the following abbreviations in references. Do not abbreviate names of journals or other periodicals. Uppercase the first letter of a lowercase abbreviation if it takes the place of the initial word.

ed.= edition.

chap. = chapter Co. = company Corp. = Corporation Inc. = incorporated Ltd. = limited n.d. = no date

p. (pp.) = page (pages) U.S. postal code = name of state vol. (vols.) = volume (volumes)

13. Access Dates. All Web links should be double-checked when the publication is edited. (Note to editor: If the author has provided an access date that is within the past 6 months, leave that date. If the date is older than 6 months or the link is not working, query the author for an update.

If no date is provided, insert the date link was accessed and query the author whether that date is appropriate; the author may have used earlier data to create the source, and the current date may not be correct.

For sources with multiple Web links for which the author has provided no access dates, you can use one accessed date at the end of the source.

However, query the author to verify that the date is correct for all links.)

Templates and examples for various kinds of references to both print and electronic sources are given below. Italic in the template indicates use of italic for that element in the reference; omitted keyboard spaces in templates are intentional and should likewise be omitted in references.

Templates and Examples See Council of Biology Editors Style Guide. 6th ed. pp. 617–69, for information on references not included here. Note that book titles should be italicized, and book and report titles should be title case, which differs from CBE.

1. NCSES PUBLICATIONS. Treat NCSES publications that carry a byline

(InfoBriefs and working papers) like books and monographs, below.

Attribute authorship to “National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NSF/NCSES)” or “National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics (NSF/SRS)” (depending on division name in use at time of publication) for all other NCSES/SRS publications.

Bell RK, with Hill D and Lehming RF. 2007. The Changing Research and Publication Environment in American Research Universities. Working Paper SRS 07-204. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srs07204/.

National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics (NSF/SRS). 2004.

Gender Differences in the Careers of Academic Scientists and Engineers. Special Report NSF 04-323. Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf04323/.

National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics (NSF/SRS). 2005.

Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2002. Detailed Statistical Tables NSF 05-310. Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf05310/.

National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NSF/NCSES). 2011. Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2004. Special Report NSF 11-309. Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/. Accessed 21 June 2012.

National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics (NSF/SRS). 2007.

Changing U.S. Output of Scientific Articles: 1988–2003. Special Report NSF 07-320.

Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf07320/.

Wolfe RM. 2004. Largest Single-Year Decline in U.S. Industrial R&D Expenditures Reported for 2002. InfoBrief NSF 04-320. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf04320/.

2. BOOK OR MONOGRAPH. Author or editor. Year. Title. Edition, revision, or volume(s), (for NCSES pubs), report type, publication number.

City, State/Country: Publisher. Full URL for electronic sources;

“Available at” URL if an NSF/NSB publication (use persistent URL if available; see appendix 2, p. 97). Date URL accessed if citing online material as source.

Johnson D, Wales R, editors. 2003. Patterns of Migration Throughout Asia. NY: Wiley.

National Science Board (NSB). 2002. Science and Engineering Indicators 2002. Vol. 1. NSB-02-1. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/ statistics/indicators/.

Rosenberg RS. 1997. The Social Impact of Computers. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Wagner CS, Yezril A, Hassell S. 2000. International Cooperation in Research and Development: An Update to an Inventory of U.S. Government Spending. Arlington, VA:

RAND.

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srs07204/ http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf04323/ http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf05310/ http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/ http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf07320/ http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf04320/ http://www.nsf.gov/%20statistics/indicators/

3. CHAPTER IN A BOOK. Author. Year. Chapter or part title. In Editor/other author’s Name, editor, (or In Book Title if no editor/other author) Book Title, edition, page numbers. City, State/Country:

Publisher. Full URL for electronic sources. “Available at” URL if an NSF/NSB publication (use the persistent URL, if any). Date URL accessed if citing as a source.

Evans G, Durant J. 1989. Public understanding of science in Britain and the USA. In Jowell R, Witherspoon S, Brook L, editors, British Social Attitudes: International Comparisons, 8th ed, pp. 1334–60. Aldershot, UK: Gower.

National Science Board (NSB). 2004. Elementary and secondary education. In Science and Engineering Indicators 2004, 1:1-1–1-61. NSB 04-01. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/indicators/. Accessed 29 September 2005.

4. PERIODICALS. Author. Year. Article title or description of content.

Periodical name. Volume number(issue number):page numbers. Full URL for electronic sources. Date URL was accessed.

Goldman SL. 1989. Images of technology in popular films: Discussion and filmography.

Science, Technology, and Human Values Summer:275–301.

Internal Revenue Service (IRS). 2004. Treasury Decision 9104: Credit for increasing research activities. Internal Revenue Bulletin 2004–6. http://www.irs.gov/irb/2004- 06_IRB/ar07.html. Accessed 28 October 2005.

Irwin H. 1993. A study of the measurement and the correlates of paranormal belief. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 79:301–26.

Kim Ji-ho. 2002. Science, engineering students to get bigger share of grants. Korea Herald November 29.

Levin SG, Stephan PE. 1999. Are the foreign born a source of strength for U.S. science?

Science 285(August):1213–4.

Sparks GG. 1998. Paranormal depictions in the media: How do they affect what people believe? Skeptical Inquirer July/August:35–9.

Whang K. 1998. Fixing the research credit. Issues in Science and Technology 15(2):71–4.

5. ABSTRACT OR LETTER. Treat like periodicals but specify “abstract” or “letter” in brackets after the title.

Thomison JB. 1988. Cause of migration of engineers from Malaysia [letter]. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 85:400.

Thomison JB. 1988. Cause of migration of engineers from Malaysia [abstract]. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 85:400.

6. WEBSITES. Author. Year. Article title or description of content. Full URL for electronic sources. Date URL was accessed.

7. REPORTS AND ONLINE DOCUMENTS. Author or sponsor (owner of website). Year. Report/document title. Full URL and accession date for electronic sources. Report information, number (if any). City, State/Country: Publisher or sponsor of report. “Available at” URL if an NSF/NSB/ NCSES publication (use the persistent URL, if any).

Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). 1990. The balance of payments of the United States:

Concepts, data sources, and estimating procedures. http://www.bea.gov/bea/articles/ INTERNAT/BPA/Meth/bopmp.pdf. Accessed March 2006.

Center for Research in Electronic Commerce. 1999. Internet economy indicators.

http://www.internetindicators.com/. Accessed 29 August 2002.

Government Information Office, Taiwan (GIO). 2005. Taiwan yearbook 2005.

http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/. Accessed 22 May 2007.

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/indicators/ http://www.irs.gov/irb/2004-06_IRB/ar07.html http://www.irs.gov/irb/2004-06_IRB/ar07.html

Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Rushenberg RL, Bowles CA, Pecht M. 2006. The structure and infrastructure of Chinese science and technology. Executive Summary. DIC Technical Report ADA443315, pp. 45-46. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. Health insurance coverage status and type of coverage by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1987 to 1999. Health Insurance Historical Table 1.

http://www.census.gov/hhes/hlthins/historic/hihistt1.html.

8. UNPUBLISHED REPORT. Author. Year (if known; n.d. [= no date] if not).

Title. Brief description of document.

Mogee Research & Analysis Associates. 1997. SGER: Comparing assessments of national position in key science & technology fields. Report prepared under National Science Foundation Contract No. SRS-9223041.

9. PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS. Treat like reports.

Jenkins-Smith HC, Silva CL, Vedlitz A, Whitten GD. 2001. Technological controversies and complex publics: Benefits, risks, and acceptance of genetically modified organisms.

Presentation at the National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, 3 May.

Miller BK. 1988. Scientific literacy. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, San Francisco, CA, 17 January.

10. PUBLICATION IN PRESS OR SOON-TO-BE-PUBLISHED MATERIAL. Author.

Title. City of publisher, State or Country (if necessary): publisher (if known). Forthcoming. Full URL where publication will be posted if source is electronic.

Burstein L. SIMS: Student Growth and Classroom Processes in Lower Secondary Schools.

Forthcoming.

National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics (NSF/SRS).

Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2006. Detailed Statistical Tables. JD Oliver, project officer. Arlington, VA. Forthcoming at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/.

11. TESTIMONY. Author. Year. Title. Description and relevant committee.

Date.

Hansen WL. 1986. The impact of demographic trends on the scientific workforce.

Testimony presented before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Science and Technology, Science Policy Task Force, 8 November.

Appendixes An appendix contains supplemental material that illustrates, enlarges on, or otherwise supports the text but that would be distracting if included in the main body of the work. Examples of such materials are questionnaires and other survey materials, glossaries, technical notes, technical tables, crosswalks, and so forth.

1. Provide a separate appendix for each kind of material.

2. Title each appendix; precede the title with numbers or letters in sequence.

3. A single appendix is titled but not numbered or lettered. If referred to in the text the reference is simply “appendix.” Note that names of parts of a manuscript are not capitalized (see “Words and Terms Not Capitalized” p. 17, item 4).

A complete list of field specialties is given in the appendix.

http://www.census.gov/hhes/hlthins/historic/hihistt1.html

Checklist for Authors and Project Officers

Text Text is in Microsoft Word.

Changes to the manuscript requested by reviewers have been made in the electronic file.

Electronic file contains no tracked changes.

Only one keyboard space is used between sentences and after colons.

Paragraphs are indented with a tab.

Text is double-spaced.

Page margins are 0.5" top and sides, 0.75" bottom.

Manuscript elements (front matter, text, back matter) are in sequence;

each element begins on a new page.

Text files follow the guidance in “File Format Guidelines for NCSES

Publications” (appendix 3, p. 101).

Tables and Charts Tables and charts are in Microsoft Excel and follow the guidance in

“File Format Guidelines for NCSES Publications” (appendix 3, p.

101).

Tables observe guidance in “NCSES Table Standards” (p. 46).

Tables and figures are printed single-sided, one per page.

Red Jacket The red jacket contains a clean, single-sided printed copy of the most recent version of each file (front matter, text, and each table, figure, appendix, and exhibit [e.g., survey materials], as appropriate).

The parts of the manuscript are collected in sequence and either are loose or are bound with a paper clip, binder clip, or rubber band, not stapled.

The appropriate signature log has been printed from the Publications Management System and attached to the inside front cover of the red jacket.

One copy of the most recent version of each electronic file has been saved to a “working files” folder or equivalent in the appropriate program folder in “Publication files” on the P drive. Any earlier versions are saved to an “old files” or equivalent folder.

NCSES Editorial Style

Abbreviations

Acronyms and other shortened forms of words are all referred to as abbreviations in this style guide.

1. Use an ampersand for and only when it is part of an initialism (S&E, R&D) and/or is the established usage for an organization or institution (Texas A&M University). Do not insert spaces on either side of the ampersand.

2. When an abbreviation is the subject of a sentence (S&E, R&D), treat it as a unit and use a singular verb.

3. Use periods with most abbreviations that appear in lowercase or mixed upper and lowercase letters and with U.S. Abbreviate United States used as an adjective (U.S. government); spell it out when it stands alone.

Do not use periods with abbreviated academic degrees (see number 7 below), standard symbols for sample size, statistical tests, variables, measurements, or standard abbreviations used in NCSES tables, such as nec (not elsewhere classified), na (not applicable), and letter codes, such as S (suppressed), used to explain missing data.

a.m.

N = 100 (note italic) na = not applicable e.g.

p < 0.05 (note italic) et al.

etc.

10 g i.e.

100 m Mr.

Dr.

U.S.

4. Other than U.S., do not use periods with abbreviations that appear in all uppercase letters. Do not use periods with authors’ initials in reference lists.

AIDS

DOD (all caps, not DoD)

FFRDC

NASA

NATO

USSR

5. Acronyms and initialisms are based on the initial letters of the words they represent. In the strict sense, initialisms are abbreviations pronounced as individual letters (USA); acronyms are abbreviations pronounced as words (NATO). Acronym refers to both in this style guide.

Use acronyms to abbreviate names and terms that appear repeatedly in the text if the acronym is less cumbersome than repeated use of the spelled-out form. Use the spelled-out form on first occurrence, followed in parentheses by the acronym; use the acronym thereafter.

Because acronyms can be confusing if overused, do not abbreviate names or terms that occur only a few times in the text, particularly if the text is long. Do not use articles with acronyms unless the context demands it.

Department of Defense (DOD) full-time equivalent (FTE) federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) grade point average (GPA)

6. Abbreviations that are accepted as words (i.e., not labeled abbr in Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed.) need not be defined. Other abbreviations commonly used in NCSES publications that need not be defined are FY when used before a year (e.g., FY 2006) and R&D. Examples are given below. (Note: S&E does not have to be defined in Indicators, but it does have to be defined in all other NCSES publications.)

AIDS

CD-ROM

DNA

FY + year (or FYs + years) (spell out fiscal year when it stands alone)

HIV

PDF

R&D (in text, spell out research and development at first occurrence but do not define acronym; R&D does not need to be spelled out in tables)

7. Abbreviations of academic degrees need not be defined and do not include periods. Examples are given below; however, always spell out degrees in expository text.

BA

BFA

BS

DDS

DVM

JD

MA

MBA

MD

MS

PhD

8. Add s to make abbreviations in uppercase letters plural.

GPAs IRAs BAs PhDs

9. Do not use a plural acronym if the original term is already plural.

M&A (mergers and acquisitions), not M&As U&C (universities and colleges), not U&Cs

10. Add ’s to make abbreviations in lowercase letters plural.

11. Add ’s to make singular abbreviations possessive, regardless of the last letter; add an apostrophe to make plural abbreviations possessive.

BEA’s BLS’s NSF’s PhDs’ (of more than one PhD)

Capitalization

Standard usage, grammatical function, position in the sentence, and organizational style determine whether words are capitalized or set lowercase. Follow Webster’s for guidance on standard usage. Examples of patterns of capitalization are given below.

Title Case Use title case for headings, book titles, and monograph titles.

1. Capitalize all main words.

2. Lowercase conjunctions and prepositions.

3. Capitalize the first word after a colon, semicolon, or question mark

(even if it is a conjunction or preposition).

4. In an infinitive phrase, lowercase “to” and capitalize the verb, as in

“How to Succeed.”

5. Capitalize the first and last word of a title.

6. For hyphenated words, capitalize all of the elements except articles, short prepositions, and short conjunctions.

Sentence Case Use sentence case in references for names of chapters and articles and for report titles. For these items, capitalize the first word in the sentence and the first word after a colon.

Words and Terms Capitalized

1. Names of surveys and their short forms (if used); lowercase survey used generically.

Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development; Federal Funds Survey; the survey Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges; Academic R&D Expenditures Survey

2. Titles of NSF and other federal forms; lowercase form used generically.

NSF Form 811; the form OMB Circular A-11 Question 7; the question

3. Academic, civil, military, religious, and professional titles used as part of a personal name, but only when the title precedes the name. Titles used descriptively (in apposition) before a personal name, not as a part of the name, are lowercased.

President Bush; the president former president Clinton the British prime minister; Prime Minister Tony Blair Senator John Warner; John Warner, senator from Virginia; the senator Justices Ginsburg and Souter; the chief justice

4. Capitalize titles, regardless of whether they precede or follow names, in the acknowledgments, list of contributors and reviewers, and list of board members.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Primary responsibility for the production of the volume was assigned to the Science and Engineering Indicators Program under the direction of Robert K. Bell, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics; John R. Gawalt, Director (Acting); and Frederic J.

Wendling, Deputy Division Director (Acting).

5. Capitalize named academic professorships.

Professor Joseph Brown, Osgood Fielding Distinguished Service Professor

6. Formal names of treaties, acts, programs, and legal instruments.

Chapter 11 protection Proposition XII Social Security the Bill of Rights; the bill The Brady law the equal rights amendment (not ratified) The Monroe Doctrine; the doctrine The U.S. Constitution; the Constitution Title IX (or Title 9)

7. Most governmental, judicial, and political bodies. Note that “federal government” is not an official name; rather, it is the collective name for the official bodies of the U.S. government.

civil service Democratic Party; the party; Democrats Department of Health and Human Services Departments of Agriculture, the Interior, and Justice Electoral College European Union executive branch federal government U.S. Congress; Congress; congressional U.S. Senate; the Senate; senatorial U.S. Supreme Court; the Supreme Court; the Court

8. Names of ethnic groups and nationalities, but not designations for such groups that are based on physical characteristics (black, white).

African American Asian black European German Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (note: Other is capitalized) white

9. Names of civil and military prizes and awards; generic terms used with the name of the award or prize are usually lowercased.

National Merit Scholarship National Merit scholarships (scholarships is generic) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nobel Prize Nobel Prize laureate Nobel Prize–winning economist Purple Heart

10. Place names, political divisions, geographical features, and regional terms. Political divisions below the national level, such as city and state, are usually capitalized after a name and lowercased before a name.

city of New York New York City Greater Miami New York State state of New York North Atlantic the Continental Divide the Eastern Shore the Gaza Strip the Mississippi Delta the West Coast Washington State

Words and Terms Not Capitalized

1. Compass directions unless part of a proper or regional name.

Eastern United States eastern Ohio Northern Virginia southern Illinois the Northwest northwestern

2. The words federal, state, or government unless part of a proper name.

Department of State; State Department federal government government agency Federal Reserve Board New York State state agencies state of New York the New England states

3. Names of seasons.

4. Parts of a manuscript.

see appendix 3 see chapter 1 listed in the acknowledgments

Citations, Text References

See “NCSES Manuscript Preparation, Text, Citations, Text References,” beginning on pg. 3.

Compounds

Spelling Compound terms may be spelled as one word (closed, or solid), as two words (open), or as two hyphenated words depending on standard usage, grammatical function, and position in the sentence.

Follow Webster’s for general guidance on spelling compounds. If the term does not appear in Webster’s as a closed or a hyphenated compound, the general rule is to treat the compound as two separate words, but if a similar compound is listed, treat the unlisted compound the same way.

broadband countrywide cyberspace (most cyber- compounds are closed, but see “Web-Related Terms,” p. 43) data bank database data set desktop dial up (verb) dial-up (adjective) e-mail -fold compounds: follow the guidance for numbers, p. 25 (sixfold, 12-fold) follow-up (noun, adjective) follow up (verb) foreign-born (adjective) foreign born (noun) health care home page hypertext nationwide online policymaker printout (noun) print out (verb) spin-off (noun) spin off (verb)

*startup (noun, adjective) start up (verb)

*website (but see “Web-Related Terms,” p. 43) workforce workout (noun) work out (verb) worldwide

*Exceptions to Webster’s

Hyphenation As a general rule, hyphenate compound modifiers that occur immediately before a noun. Drop the hyphen when the compound follows the noun (but see exceptions below). Hyphens are used to clarify the word order in a sentence, avoiding ambiguity.

2-million-ton capacity a capacity of 2 million tons 6-year-old child a 6-year-old a child 6 years old 20-year mortgage employed full time full-time employee the provision is well known well-known provision worst-case scenario

1. Well-established compounds need not be hyphenated, because their meanings are readily understood (e.g., real estate, high school, money market). Well-established compounds appear as open compounds in Webster’s. Follow established usage for specialized terms used in NCSES reports.

current fund expenditures high school diploma money market account real estate agent temporary visa holders

2. Do not hyphenate compound modifiers formed from proper names.

Civil War battlefield World War II veteran

3. Do not hyphenate compound modifiers formed from well-known foreign expressions (those that appear in Webster’s).

a priori assumption bona fide contract in vitro fertilization

4. Do not hyphenate compound modifiers formed with an adverb that ends in –ly.

federally mandated requirement highly paid worker wholly owned subsidiary

5. Do not hyphenate compounds expressed solely as dollar amounts or percentages no matter where they appear in the sentence. Follow the guidance given above for compounds formed from dollar amount plus modifier.

a $25 million increase a 25% decline a 5% increase over the FY 2005 funding level an expected increase of $10 million-plus an expected $10 million-plus increase

Dates

1. Use scientific style for ordinary dates in running text, notes, and references.

23 September 2006

2. For historical dates use either scientific style or the universally accepted usage for that date, depending on the intended emphasis.

after 9/11 the events of September 11, 2001 on 11 September 2001 the Fourth of July December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy the attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941

3. Use an en dash to indicate an inclusive range of years (see “En Dash,”

p. 33). Provide all four digits of the starting and ending years if the range spans more than one century, but use only the last two digits of the ending year if the range is within the same century. Use to in place of the en dash if the range is preceded by from; use and if the range is preceded by between.

from 1996 to 1997; 1996–97 during the period 2005–06 between 1997 and 2000; 1997–2000

4. Form the plural of decades by adding s (see “Plurals,” p. 28).

in the 1990s

Definite and Indefinite Articles

1. In general, do not use the before an acronym unless it would sound awkward without it. Also, do not use the when the acronym is being used as an adjective.

GDP

NASA

NSF

the FBI, but FBI headquarters the IRS the EU, but EU policy the SED the NSRCG

2. Use an if the acronym begins with a vowel sound (but not necessarily a vowel); use a if it begins with a consonant sound or is a pronounceable acronym (e.g., NASA).

a HUD project an NSF study an FTE employee an R&D project a UNESCO initiative

Errata

Corrections are not required for minor errors, but corrections and errata notices will be published promptly when an important piece of information is incorrect, misleading, incomprehensible, or omitted.

Since January 2011, all errata notices for NCSES publications are collected on http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/errata.cfm. The errata notice should also be placed on the publication’s or application’s website.

The correction should be in a single narrative paragraph, as brief as possible, under the head of “Errata” or “Erratum.” Include the date of the http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/errata.cfm correction, publication number, title of the publication, and nature of the correction.

Indicators has a separate errata page on its Web site listing all errors discovered after publication. These errors will be corrected in the online (HTML) version of the volume and in the interactive Digest. The PDF will not be corrected, although a listing of any errata in a chapter will be added to the chapter’s PDF.

Equations

1. Insert complex equations as Microsoft Equation objects (which can be edited), not as images.

2. Italicize variables; do not italicize abbreviations.

3. Insert one space on each side of mathematical symbols (equal sign, plus sign, multiplication sign, and so forth.)

4. Place simple equations (can be represented in one line) in the line of text unless equations are referenced in other parts of the paper.

Estimated SESTAT population counts are represented by the S&E population (D + E + K + L + M) plus the non-S&E population (N + H + J).

The iterative weighted linear regression procedure used a weighted linear regression model of [1/X] on the relative variance Var( X̂ )/X2, using as the initial regression weight the square of the inverse of the relative variance.

5. Display complex equations. Do not number displayed equations unless they are referenced elsewhere in the paper.

X ba

X X

)ˆ(Var

6. Display and number all equations that are referenced elsewhere in the paper.

A commonly used functional form is expressed as a two-parameter model bXaXX 2)ˆ(Var (1)

Dividing both sides of equation 1 by X2 yields

X ba

X X

)ˆ(Var

(2)

Font Attributes

Boldface

1. Use boldface for heads and subheads. (Note: for Indicators, the template contains most of this guidance on font attributes.)

2. For Indicators, use boldface for introductory captions in bulleted lists and in the highlights.

3. Do not use boldface for emphasis; use italics instead.

Italics

1. Use italics to emphasize words or phrases in text.

2. Italicize only the first occurrence of a foreign word or phrase not in

Webster’s that appears repeatedly in a manuscript. If the word appears only a few times, italicize each occurrence (base judgment on the length of the manuscript and the number of appearances).

3. Use italics for titles of books, periodicals, movies, plays, TV shows, and works of art (e.g., paintings, sculptures, and long musical compositions).

4. Do not use italics for survey titles, websites, or databases.

5. Use italics to introduce new terminology.

This section discusses U.S. competitiveness, broadly defined here as… Use italics at the first mention of unfamiliar foreign words and phrases (e.g., lycée); do not use italics for familiar foreign terms (e.g., i.e., et al., etc., per se, status quo, vis-à-vis). (Guideline: Any word appearing in the main section of the dictionary does not get italics; words not appearing in the dictionary do.)

6. Italicize p for probability, N and n for population and sample sizes, and any Latin letters used as variables.

7. Do not italicize foreign proper nouns (e.g., Monbusho). Translate foreign proper names (e.g., Brazil’s Ministerio de Educacao e Cultura is best rendered as its Ministry of Education and Culture). Use the foreign name only if that is the more recognizable term for the general reader (e.g., Monbusho).

8. Do not italicize quotations. Set off long quotations using block style with indenting right and left.

Superscript Do not use superscript for a suffix following a numeral.

1st 20th

Underlining Do not use underlining.

Foreign Words and Non-U.S. Spellings

1. Italicize words and phrases in a foreign language that do not appear in Webster’s and are not likely to be familiar to most readers.

2. Foreign words or phrases that are in Webster’s should be considered familiar to most readers and not italicized in an English context. They are set in the case appropriate to their position in the sentence (e.g., German nouns that appear in Webster’s are set lowercase in an English context).

a priori gestalt in vitro résumé

3. Use the American spelling for words that have a British variant spelling unless the word is part of a proper name or quotation (e.g., color, not colour; analyze, not analyse; but Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development).

Lists

Run-in Lists

1. Run short, simple, lists into the sentence. Separate elements of a run-in list with commas unless an element contains internal punctuation, and then separate all the elements with…