About this file

This is a Solicitation/Contract/Order (Standard Form 1449) for VPN Ethernet transport services to support Illinois Law Enforcement Agencies Data System (LEADS 3.0) connectivity at Marion VA Health Care Center in Marion, Illinois.

The Department of Veterans Affairs, Network Contracting Office 15, is seeking a firm fixed price single-award Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) contract with five annual ordering periods from June 1, 2026, through May 31, 2031. This is a 100 percent small business set-aside under NAICS code 517111 with a $34 million ceiling. The contractor must provide all labor, materials, equipment, transport services, and coordination to establish and maintain a private Ethernet transport circuit (Metro-E, EVPL, Layer-2, or similar) from Marion VA Health Care System to an Illinois Century Network (ICN) point of presence, with minimum bandwidth of 10-20 Mbps. The service shall be logically segmented from the VA production network and support LEADS access only in accordance with Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) and VA security requirements. Key technical specifications include fiber or copper cabling between the telecom demarc (Building 37, Room 131) and the Main Distribution Frame, dedicated network drops for LEADS workstations, Cat6 copper cabling minimum, 802.1X device authentication, and compliance with CJIS endpoint hardening principles. The transport contractor must be approved by Illinois Department of Innovation and Technology (DoIT) and separately approved by Illinois State Police LEADS Administration. Invoices are due monthly in arrears and must be submitted electronically to VA's Financial Services Center. Questions are due by April 17, 2026, at 7:00 a.m. Central Time, and offers must be received by April 22, 2026, at 7:00 a.m. Central Time. Award is anticipated for June 1, 2026.

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PAGE 1 OF 1. REQUISITION NO.

2. CONTRACT NO. 3. AWARD/EFFECTIVE DATE 4. ORDER NO. 5. SOLICITATION NUMBER 6. SOLICITATION ISSUE DATE

a. NAME b. TELEPHONE NO. (No Collect Calls) 8. OFFER DUE DATE/LOCAL

TIME

9. ISSUED BY CODE 10. THIS ACQUISITION IS UNRESTRICTED OR SET ASIDE: % FOR:

SMALL BUSINESS

HUBZONE SMALL

BUSINESS

SERVICE-DISABLED

VETERAN-OWNED

SMALL BUSINESS

WOMEN-OWNED SMALL BUSINESS

(WOSB) ELIGIBLE UNDER THE WOMEN-OWNED

SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAM

EDWOSB

8(A)

NAICS:

SIZE STANDARD:

11. DELIVERY FOR FOB DESTINA-

TION UNLESS BLOCK IS

MARKED

SEE SCHEDULE

12. DISCOUNT TERMS

13a. THIS CONTRACT IS A

RATED ORDER UNDER

DPAS (15 CFR 700)

13b. RATING

14. METHOD OF SOLICITATION

RFQ IFB RFP

15. DELIVER TO CODE 16. ADMINISTERED BY CODE

17a. CONTRACTOR/OFFEROR CODE FACILITY CODE 18a. PAYMENT WILL BE MADE BY CODE

TELEPHONE NO. UEI: EFT:

PHONE: FAX:

17b. CHECK IF REMITTANCE IS DIFFERENT AND PUT SUCH ADDRESS IN OFFER

18b. SUBMIT INVOICES TO ADDRESS SHOWN IN BLOCK 18a UNLESS BLOCK BELOW IS CHECKED

SEE ADDENDUM

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

ITEM NO. SCHEDULE OF SUPPLIES/SERVICES QUANTITY UNIT UNIT PRICE AMOUNT

(Use Reverse and/or Attach Additional Sheets as Necessary)

25. ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA 26. TOTAL AWARD AMOUNT (For Govt. Use Only)

27a. SOLICITATION INCORPORATES BY REFERENCE FAR 52.212-1, 52.212-4. FAR 52.212-3 AND 52.212-5 ARE ATTACHED. ADDENDA ARE ARE NOT ATTACHED.

27b. CONTRACT/PURCHASE ORDER INCORPORATES BY REFERENCE FAR 52.212-4. FAR 52.212-5 IS ATTACHED. ADDENDA ARE ARE NOT ATTACHED

28. CONTRACTOR IS REQUIRED TO SIGN THIS DOCUMENT AND RETURN _______________ 29. AWARD OF CONTRACT: REF. ___________________________________ OFFER COPIES TO ISSUING OFFICE. CONTRACTOR AGREES TO FURNISH AND DATED ________________________________. YOUR OFFER ON SOLICITATION DELIVER ALL ITEMS SET FORTH OR OTHERWISE IDENTIFIED ABOVE AND ON ANY (BLOCK 5), INCLUDING ANY ADDITIONS OR CHANGES WHICH ARE ADDITIONAL SHEETS SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SPECIFIED SET FORTH HEREIN IS ACCEPTED AS TO ITEMS:

30a. SIGNATURE OF OFFEROR/CONTRACTOR 31a. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (SIGNATURE OF CONTRACTING OFFICER)

30b. NAME AND TITLE OF SIGNER (TYPE OR PRINT) 30c. DATE SIGNED 31b. NAME OF CONTRACTING OFFICER (TYPE OR PRINT) 31c. DATE SIGNED

AUTHORIZED FOR LOCAL REPRODUCTION (REV. NOV 2021)

PREVIOUS EDITION IS NOT USABLE Prescribed by GSA - FAR (48 CFR) 53.212

7. FOR SOLICITATION

INFORMATION CALL:

STANDARD FORM 1449

SOLICITATION/CONTRACT/ORDER FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL SERVICES

OFFEROR TO COMPLETE BLOCKS 12, 17, 23, 24, & 30

36C25526Q0330 04-15-2026

Kobulnicky, Erika/Erika.Kobulnicky@va.gov 913-946-1991 04-22-2026

7:00 AM CDT

36C255

Department of Veterans Affairs Network Contracting Office (NCO) 15 3450 S 4th Street Trafficway Leavenworth KS 66048

X 100

X

517111

$34 Million

N/A

X

Department of Veterans Affairs Marion VA Medical Center 2401 West Main St.

Marion IL 62959-1188

36C255

Department of Veterans Affairs Network Contracting Office (NCO) 15 3450 S 4th Street Trafficway

Leavenworth KS 66048

36C255

Department of Veterans Affairs Financial Services Center http://www.fsc.va.gov/einvoice.asp

Austin TX

877-353-9791 512-460-5429

See CONTINUATION Page

VPN Ethernet transport services to support Illinois Law Enforcement Agencies Data System (LEADS 3.0) connectivity at the Marion VA Health Care Center.

The government intends to award a firm fixed price single Award IDIQ five-year contract. Individual bulk funded task Orders will be issue by the NCO 15 Contracting Office.

Five Year IDIQ with Pricing Periods: 06/01/2026-05/31/2031

This procurement is being competed in accordance with FAR Part 12 Simplified Acquisition Procedures.

This is a small business set-aside.

See B.2 Performance Work Statement (PWS), B.3 Schedule, Section D and E.1 52.212-1 Instructions to Offerors for additional information.

Questions due no later than April 17, 2026, by 7:00 AM CST.

See CONTINUATION Page

X X

X one(1)

Buchanan, Lisa A.

Contracting Officer

36C25526Q0330

Table of Contents

SECTION A

A.1 SF 1449 SOLICITATION/CONTRACT/ORDER FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

AND COMMERCIAL SERVICES

SECTION B - CONTINUATION OF SF 1449 BLOCKS

B.1 CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA

B.2 PERFORMANCE WORK STATEMENT

B.3 PRICE/COST SCHEDULE

ITEM INFORMATION

B.4DELIVERY SCHEDULE

SECTION C - CONTRACT CLAUSES

C.1 52.212-4 CONTRACT TERMS AND CONDITIONS—COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

AND COMMERCIAL SERVICES (NOV 2023)

C.2 52.252-2 CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998)

C.3 52.216-18 ORDERING (AUG 2020)

C.4 52.216-19 ORDER LIMITATIONS (OCT 1995)

C.5 52.216-22 INDEFINITE QUANTITY (NOV 2025) (DEVIATION)

C.6 52.217-9 OPTION TO EXTEND THE TERM OF THE CONTRACT (MAR 2000) ...20

C.7 52.240-91 SECURITY PROHIBITIONS AND EXCLUSIONS (NOV 2025)

(DEVIATION)

C.8 52.240-93 BASIC SAFEGAURDING OF COVERED CONTRACTOR

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (DEVIATION) (NOV 2025)

C.9 52.252-6 AUTHORIZED DEVIATIONS IN CLAUSES (NOV 2020)

C.20 VAAR 852.204-72 PERSONAL VETTING AND CREDENTIALING (MARCH 2026)

C.10 VAAR 852.232-72 ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF PAYMENT REQUESTS

(NOV 2018)

C.11 VAAR 852.242-71 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACTING OFFICER (OCT 2020) ..36

SECTION D - CONTRACT DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS, OR ATTACHMENTS

D.1 VA INFORMATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM SECURITY/PRIVACY

LANGUAGE FOR INCLUSION INTO CONTRACTS

D.2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

SECTION E - SOLICITATION PROVISIONS

E.1 52.212-1 INSTRUCTIONS TO OFFERORS—COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS AND

COMMERCIAL SERVICES (SEP 2023)

E.2 52.212-2 EVALUATION—COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL

SERVICES (NOV 2021)

E.3 52.219-1 SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAM REPRESENTATIONS (NOV 2025)

(DEVIATION) ALTERNATE II (NOV 2025)

E.4 52.252-5 AUTHORIZED DEVIATIONS IN PROVISIONS (NOV 2020)

SECTION B - CONTINUATION OF SF 1449 BLOCKS

B.1 CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA

1. Contract Administration: All contract administration matters will be handled by the following individuals:

a. CONTRACTOR:

b. GOVERNMENT:

Contracting Officer 36C255 Lisa Buchanan/ Lisa.Buchanan1@va.gov

Contract Specialist 36C255 Erika Kobulnicky/ Erika.Kobulnicky@va.gov

Department of Veterans Affairs

Network Contracting Office (NCO) 15

3450 S 4th Street Trafficway

Leavenworth KS 66048

2. CONTRACTOR REMITTANCE ADDRESS: All payments by the Government to the contractor will be made in accordance with:

[X] 52.232-33, Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer—System For Award Management, or

[] 52.232-36, Payment by Third Party

3. INVOICES: Invoices shall be submitted in arrears:

a. Quarterly []

b. Semi-Annually []

c. Other [X] Monthly in Arrears

4. GOVERNMENT INVOICE ADDRESS: All Invoices from the contractor shall be submitted electronically in accordance with VAAR Clause 852.232-72 Electronic Submission of Payment Requests.

Department of Veterans Affairs, Financial Services Center http://www.fsc.va.gov/einvoice.asp mailto:Lisa.Buchanan1@va.gov mailto:Erika.Kobulnicky@va.gov

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF AMENDMENTS: The offeror acknowledges receipt of amendments to the Solicitation numbered and dated as follows:

AMENDMENT NO DATE

B.2 PERFORMANCE WORK STATEMENT

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK (VPN) ETHERNET SERVICE for Marion VA Health Care System

CONTRACT TYPE

The Government anticipates awarding a single-award Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) contract as a result of this solicitation. Orders for VPN Ethernet transport services in support of LEADS 3.0 connectivity will be placed under this IDIQ during the ordering periods identified in the Period of Performance section.

I. INTRODUCTION

This Performance Work Statement (PWS) outlines the requirements for procuring a dedicated transport circuit and associated services needed to access the Illinois Law Enforcement Agencies Data System (LEADS 3.0) through the currently installed Police Desktop computer at the Marion VA Health Care System.

Transport of the direct secure line to the State Police shall use the Illinois Century (ICN), but the choice of transport carrier is flexible. Transport contractors must be approved by the Illinois Department of Innovation and Technology (DoIT) and LEADS as an acceptable provider for Illinois Century Network (ICN) Point-of-Presence connectivity and must separately be approved by the Illinois State Police LEADS Administration as meeting Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) security and background screening requirements.

II. SCOPE

The Contractor shall provide all labor, materials, equipment, transport services, and coordination necessary to establish and maintain a LEADS 3.0 connection via the Illinois Century Network (ICN) using a Metro-E, EVPL, Layer-2, or similar private Ethernet transport circuit from the Marion VA Health Care System to an ICN point of presence (POP) as required by the State of Illinois.

The Contractor shall upgrade as needed or retain currently installed equipment to provide the fiber transport circuit and all other items or software required to complete the circuit for functional LEADS service. This service shall be logically segmented from the VA production network and shall support LEADS access only, in accordance with CJIS and VA security requirements.

The Contractor shall provide services and support at the locations identified in this Performance Work Statement. The Government reserves the right to add, remove, or modify locations and facilities as mission requirements evolve across the current and future operational footprint. The Contractor shall accommodate these changes within the scope of the contract without disruption to services. Any adjustments to pricing, schedule, or resources resulting from such changes shall be addressed through the appropriate contractual modification process in accordance with the applicable Changes clause.

III. SPECIFICATIONS

A. Transport and Network Architecture

1. The service shall be a private Ethernet transport circuit (e.g., Metro-E, EVPL, Layer-2 point-to-point) from the Marion VA Health Care System (A-location: 2401 West Main St., Marion, IL 62959) to the point-of presence (POP) as required for LEADS connectivity.

2. No traditional internet service provider (ISP) circuit shall be used to reach LEADS; Illinois Century Network (ICN) is the only entity that provides LEADS access.

3. The minimum required bandwidth is 10–20 Mbps; higher speeds (e.g., 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps) are acceptable.

4. The transport circuit shall terminate at the building demarc in Building 37, Room 131 (SE corner), or as otherwise directed by VA/transport provider, and shall extend to the Main Distribution Frame (MDF) housing the DoIT/ICN router.

5. Logical segmentation is required; LEADS traffic shall traverse the dedicated ICN/DoIT router and LEADS workstation VLAN and shall not be exposed to the public internet or traverse Network Address Translation (NAT).

B. Internal Cabling and Pathways

1. The Contractor shall provide and install any new fiber or copper cabling needed between the telecom demarc and the MDF/IDF rack where the DoIT router and VA network equipment reside, if the existing handoff is not already present.

2. Fiber type (e.g., OS2, OM4/OM5), interface speed (e.g., 1G LX, 10G LR), and connector type (e.g., LC, SC, APC/UPC) shall be as required by the transport provider and ICN router port specifications.

3. All new cabling and penetrations shall comply with applicable building codes, including proper firestopping of penetrations.

4. The Contractor shall provide certification test results (e.g., OTDR or equivalent) for any new fiber or copper runs.

C. Rack Infrastructure and Power

1. Equipment supporting LEADS connectivity (transport CPE, ICN router, patch panels, etc.) shall be located in the Police Dispatch office (Building 42, Room A102) and in the MDF as directed by VA.

2. The Contractor shall coordinate with the COR to utilize existing rack space and UPS‑backed power; if additional rack hardware is required, it shall be proposed to and approved by VA.

3. Physical access to areas containing LEADS‑related equipment shall be badge‑controlled, in accordance with CJIS and VA physical security requirements.

D. Endpoint Connectivity

1. The LEADS desktop workstation will typically connect over dedicated Cat6 copper cabling from the Police Dispatch office to the MDF/IDF supporting the LEADS VLAN.

2. The Contractor shall provide and install a dedicated, segmented network drop for the LEADS workstation, including testing and certification results for each new drop.

3. The Contractor shall support 802.1X or other strong device/user authentication methods as required by VA security and CJIS.

E. Performance and Availability

1. The transport service shall provide a minimum of 10–20 Mbps dedicated bandwidth for LEADS traffic; higher capacity is acceptable and may be proposed.

2. A minimum service level of 99.9% availability is recommended and shall be described in the Contractor’s proposal, including support hours and incident response commitments.

3. Redundant transport paths and automatic failover are not required by ICN/LEADS but may be proposed as options, clearly priced separately.

IV. ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES, AND STATE COORDINATION

A. Illinois Century Network (ICN) and LEADS

1. ICN is the mandatory network provider for LEADS access; ICN/DoIT provides routing and addressing for LEADS connectivity via a DoIT‑managed router inside the VA facility.

2. VA Police are currently utilizing LEADS and must notify ISP LEADS Administration of any transport vendor changes and complete any required State/LEADS vendor forms.

B. VA and Contractor Responsibilities (RACI)

1. VA (or VA‑authorized contractor) is responsible for procurement of the transport circuit from an approved telecom provider and for all internal pathway work and cabling inside the facility.

2. The transport vendor owns and manages the transport customer‑premises equipment (CPE); DoIT owns and manages the ICN router; VA owns and manages internal cabling and local security devices (e.g., VA firewalls).

3.VA monitors local workstation and security logs; DoIT monitors ICN/LEADS router and backbone; incident response within the VA boundary follows VA 6500, while LEADS/CJI incidents follow CJIS and ISP LEADS procedures.

4.VA Police are accountable for CJIS compliance on the VA side; ISP LEADS Administration is accountable and responsible for the State LEADS component.

C. CJIS and State Integration

1. CJIS Security Policy compliance is mandatory for all vendors and personnel involved in LEADS connectivity, including required background checks for any technician with access to LEADS-connected systems or the DoIT router environment.

2. LEADS endpoint hardening must comply with CJIS principles; VA may apply DISA/NIST baselines to satisfy these controls.

3. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is required for LEADS application access and user authentication.

V. INFORMATION SECURITY

All VA information security, privacy, and training requirements already contained in this PWS remain in full force and apply to all activities conducted under this contract, including LEADS-related connectivity, transport, and endpoint configuration.

In addition, the Contractor shall:

1. Ensure that any personnel with access to LEADS-connected infrastructure or the DoIT router are CJIS-screened and meet all applicable CJIS Security Policy requirements.

2. Ensure that no end-of-life or end-of-support network devices or components are used in the LEADS path.

3. Cooperate with VA and ISP LEADS Administration in incident response, logging, and investigations related to LEADS or criminal justice information, consistent with VA 6500 and CJIS procedures.

VI. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS / TECHNICAL CLARIFICATIONS

The requirements of this SOW incorporate the Government’s responses to vendor questions and technical clarifications issued under Solicitation 36C25526Q0202, including but not limited to:

1. The requirement to connect to the Illinois Century Network (ICN) as the Z-location for LEADS VPN Ethernet service.

2. The minimum required bandwidth of 10–20 Mbps for LEADS connectivity.

3. The priority of the ICN connection over selection of any specific internet service provider;

LEADS Administration does not approve consumer ISPs but ICN/DoIT must support the selected transport vendor and handoff.

In the event of any inconsistency between informal Q&A text and this SOW, this SOW and any formal amendment issued by the Contracting Officer shall govern.

VII. PLACE OF PERFORMANCE

The place of performance for this requirement is the Marion VA Health Care System, 2401 West Main St., Marion, Illinois 62959, including associated telecommunications spaces (e.g., Building 37 Room 131, MDF/IDF rooms, and Police Dispatch in Building 42 Room A102), as required to support LEADS 3.0 connectivity.

Vendors are advised that VA reorganization may necessitate adding additional locations to this contract in the future. Any such additions will be completed by bilateral modification.

VIII. PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE

It is the Government’s intent to five (5) ordering periods, as follows:

• Ordering Period One: 06/01/2026 through 05/31/2027

• Ordering Period Two: 06/01/2027 through 05/31/2028

• Ordering Period Three: 06/01/2028 through 05/31/2029

• Ordering Period Four: 06/01/2029 through 05/31/2030

• Ordering Period Five: 06/01/2030 through 05/31/2031

The Government reserves the right to exercise ordering periods in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract.

B.2 PRICE/COST SCHEDULE

This is a Five-Year IDIQ Contract with Pricing Periods:

The Guaranteed Minimum is $1,000.00 The Contract Ceiling for the Life of the Contract is: To be determined

ITEM INFORMATION

ITEM

NUMBER

DESCRIPTION OF

SUPPLIES/SERVICES QUANTITY UNIT UNIT PRICE AMOUNT

12.00 MO __________________ __________________

VPN Ethernet Transport Service – Provide all labor, materials, equipment, and private Ethernet transport to connect Marion VA HCS to the Illinois Century Network (ICN) POP for LEADS 3.0, including required coordination and logical segmentation, in accordance with the PWS.

Contract Period: Ordering Period One POP Begin: 06-01-2026 POP End: 05-31-2027 equipment, and private Ethernet transport to connect Marion VA HCS to the Illinois Century Network (ICN) POP for LEADS 3.0, including required coordination and logical segmentation, in accordance with the PWS.

Contract Period: Ordering Period Two POP Begin: 06-01-2027 POP End: 05-31-2028 equipment, and private Ethernet transport to connect Marion VA HCS to the Illinois Century Network (ICN) POP for LEADS 3.0, including required coordination and logical segmentation, in accordance with the PWS.

Contract Period: Ordering Period Three POP Begin: 06-01-2028 POP End: 05-31-2029 equipment, and private Ethernet transport to connect Marion VA HCS to the Illinois Century Network (ICN) POP for LEADS 3.0, including required coordination and logical segmentation, in accordance with the PWS.

Contract Period: Ordering Period Four POP Begin: 06-01-2029 POP End: 05-31-2030 equipment, and private Ethernet transport to connect Marion VA HCS to the Illinois Century Network (ICN) POP for LEADS 3.0, including required coordination and logical segmentation, in accordance with the PWS.

Contract Period: Ordering Period Five POP Begin: 06-01-2030 POP End: 05-31-2031

GRAND TOTAL

B.3 DELIVERY SCHEDULE

ITEM

NUMBER SHIPPING INFORMATION QUANTITY

DELIVERY

DATE

0001-

SHIP TO: Marion VA Medical Center 2401 West Main Street Marion, IL 62959 1188

USA

ALL SEE POP

MARK FOR: Marcel Cooper 618 997-5311 x59189 marcel.cooper@va.gov

FOB: DESTINATION

36C25526Q0202

SECTION C - CONTRACT CLAUSES

C.1 52.212-4 CONTRACT TERMS AND CONDITIONS—COMMERCIAL

PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL SERVICES (NOV 2023)

(a) Inspection/Acceptance. The Contractor shall only tender for acceptance those items that conform to the requirements of this contract. The Government reserves the right to inspect or test any supplies or services that have been tendered for acceptance. The Government may require repair or replacement of nonconforming supplies or reperformance of nonconforming services at no increase in contract price. If repair/replacement or reperformance will not correct the defects or is not possible, the Government may seek an equitable price reduction or adequate consideration for acceptance of nonconforming supplies or services. The Government must exercise its post-acceptance rights—

(1) Within a reasonable time after the defect was discovered or should have been discovered;

and

(2) Before any substantial change occurs in the condition of the item, unless the change is due to the defect in the item.

(b) Assignment. The Contractor or its assignee may assign its rights to receive payment due as a result of performance of this contract to a bank, trust company, or other financing institution, including any Federal lending agency in accordance with the Assignment of Claims Act (31 U.S.C. 3727). However, when a third party makes payment (e.g., use of the Governmentwide commercial purchase card), the Contractor may not assign its rights to receive payment under this contract.

(c) Changes. Changes in the terms and conditions of this contract may be made only by written agreement of the parties.

(d) Disputes. This contract is subject to 41 U.S.C. chapter 71, Contract Disputes. Failure of the parties to this contract to reach agreement on any request for equitable adjustment, claim, appeal or action arising under or relating to this contract shall be a dispute to be resolved in accordance with the clause at Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) 52.233-1, Disputes, which is incorporated herein by reference. The Contractor shall proceed diligently with performance of this contract, pending final resolution of any dispute arising under the contract.

(e) Definitions. The clause at FAR 52.202-1, Definitions, is incorporated herein by reference.

(f) Excusable delays. The Contractor shall be liable for default unless nonperformance is caused by an occurrence beyond the reasonable control of the Contractor and without its fault or negligence such as, acts of God or the public enemy, acts of the Government in either its sovereign or contractual capacity, fires, floods, epidemics, quarantine restrictions, strikes, unusually severe weather, and delays of common carriers. The Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer in writing as soon as it is reasonably possible after the commencement of any excusable delay, setting forth the full particulars in connection therewith, shall remedy such occurrence with all reasonable dispatch, and shall promptly give written notice to the Contracting Officer of the cessation of such occurrence.

(g) Invoice.

(1) The Contractor shall submit an original invoice and three copies (or electronic invoice, if authorized) to the address designated in the contract to receive invoices. An invoice must include—

(i) Name and address of the Contractor;

(ii) Invoice date and number;

(iii) Contract number, line item number and, if applicable, the order number;

(iv) Description, quantity, unit of measure, unit price and extended price of the items delivered;

(v) Shipping number and date of shipment, including the bill of lading number and weight of shipment if shipped on Government bill of lading;

(vi) Terms of any discount for prompt payment offered;

(vii) Name and address of official to whom payment is to be sent;

(viii) Name, title, and phone number of person to notify in event of defective invoice; and

(ix) Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN). The Contractor shall include its TIN on the invoice only if required elsewhere in this contract.

(x) Electronic funds transfer (EFT) banking information.

(A) The Contractor shall include EFT banking information on the invoice only if required elsewhere in this contract.

(B) If EFT banking information is not required to be on the invoice, in order for the invoice to be a proper invoice, the Contractor shall have submitted correct EFT banking information in accordance with the applicable solicitation provision, contract clause (e.g., 52.232-33, Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer—System for Award Management, or 52.232-34, Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer—Other Than System for Award Management), or applicable agency procedures.

(C) EFT banking information is not required if the Government waived the requirement to pay by EFT.

(2) Invoices will be handled in accordance with the Prompt Payment Act (31 U.S.C. 3903) and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) prompt payment regulations at 5 CFR part 1315.

(h) Patent indemnity. The Contractor shall indemnify the Government and its officers, employees and agents against liability, including costs, for actual or alleged direct or contributory infringement of, or inducement to infringe, any United States or foreign patent, trademark or copyright, arising out of the performance of this contract, provided the Contractor is reasonably notified of such claims and proceedings.

(i) Payment.—

(1) Items accepted. Payment shall be made for items accepted by the Government that have been delivered to the delivery destinations set forth in this contract.

(2) Prompt payment. The Government will make payment in accordance with the Prompt Payment Act (31 U.S.C. 3903) and prompt payment regulations at 5 CFR part 1315.

(3) Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). If the Government makes payment by EFT, see 52.212- 5(b) for the appropriate EFT clause.

(4) Discount. In connection with any discount offered for early payment, time shall be computed from the date of the invoice. For the purpose of computing the discount earned, payment shall be considered to have been made on the date which appears on the payment check or the specified payment date if an electronic funds transfer payment is made.

(5) Overpayments. If the Contractor becomes aware of a duplicate contract financing or invoice payment or that the Government has otherwise overpaid on a contract financing or invoice payment, the Contractor shall—

(i) Remit the overpayment amount to the payment office cited in the contract along with a description of the overpayment including the—

(A) Circumstances of the overpayment (e.g., duplicate payment, erroneous payment, liquidation errors, date(s) of overpayment);

(B) Affected contract number and delivery order number, if applicable;

(C) Affected line item or subline item, if applicable; and

(D) Contractor point of contact.

(ii) Provide a copy of the remittance and supporting documentation to the Contracting Officer.

(6) Interest.

(i) All amounts that become payable by the Contractor to the Government under this contract shall bear simple interest from the date due until paid unless paid within 30 days of becoming due. The interest rate shall be the interest rate established by the Secretary of the Treasury as provided in 41 U.S.C. 7109, which is applicable to the period in which the amount becomes due, as provided in (i)(6)(v) of this clause, and then at the rate applicable for each six-month period as fixed by the Secretary until the amount is paid.

(ii) The Government may issue a demand for payment to the Contractor upon finding a debt is due under the contract.

(iii) Final decisions. The Contracting Officer will issue a final decision as required by 33.211 if—

(A) The Contracting Officer and the Contractor are unable to reach agreement on the existence or amount of a debt within 30 days;

(B) The Contractor fails to liquidate a debt previously demanded by the Contracting Officer within the timeline specified in the demand for payment unless the amounts were not repaid because the Contractor has requested an installment payment agreement; or

(C) The Contractor requests a deferment of collection on a debt previously demanded by the Contracting Officer (see 32.607-2).

(iv) If a demand for payment was previously issued for the debt, the demand for payment included in the final decision shall identify the same due date as the original demand for payment.

(v) Amounts shall be due at the earliest of the following dates:

(A) The date fixed under this contract.

(B) The date of the first written demand for payment, including any demand for payment resulting from a default termination.

(vi) The interest charge shall be computed for the actual number of calendar days involved beginning on the due date and ending on—

(A) The date on which the designated office receives payment from the Contractor;

(B) The date of issuance of a Government check to the Contractor from which an amount otherwise payable has been withheld as a credit against the contract debt; or

(C) The date on which an amount withheld and applied to the contract debt would otherwise have become payable to the Contractor.

(vii) The interest charge made under this clause may be reduced under the procedures prescribed in FAR 32.608-2 in effect on the date of this contract.

(j) Risk of loss. Unless the contract specifically provides otherwise, risk of loss or damage to the supplies provided under this contract shall remain with the Contractor until, and shall pass to the Government upon:

(1) Delivery of the supplies to a carrier, if transportation is f.o.b. origin; or

(2) Delivery of the supplies to the Government at the destination specified in the contract, if transportation is f.o.b. destination.

(k) Taxes. The contract price includes all applicable Federal, State, and local taxes and duties.

(l) Termination for the Government's convenience. The Government reserves the right to terminate this contract, or any part hereof, for its sole convenience. In the event of such termination, the Contractor shall immediately stop all work hereunder and shall immediately cause any and all of its suppliers and subcontractors to cease work. Subject to the terms of this contract, the Contractor shall be paid a percentage of the contract price reflecting the percentage of the work performed prior to the notice of termination, plus reasonable charges the Contractor can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Government using its standard record keeping system, have resulted from the termination. The Contractor shall not be required to comply with the cost accounting standards or contract cost principles for this purpose. This paragraph does not give the Government any right to audit the Contractor's records. The Contractor shall not be paid for any work performed or costs incurred which reasonably could have been avoided.

(m) Termination for cause. The Government may terminate this contract, or any part hereof, for cause in the event of any default by the Contractor, or if the Contractor fails to comply with any contract terms and conditions, or fails to provide the Government, upon request, with adequate assurances of future performance. In the event of termination for cause, the Government shall not be liable to the Contractor for any amount for supplies or services not accepted, and the Contractor shall be liable to the Government for any and all rights and remedies provided by law. If it is determined that the Government improperly terminated this contract for default, such termination shall be deemed a termination for convenience.

(n) Title. Unless specified elsewhere in this contract, title to items furnished under this contract shall pass to the Government upon acceptance, regardless of when or where the Government takes physical possession.

(o) Warranty. The Contractor warrants and implies that the items delivered hereunder are merchantable and fit for use for the particular purpose described in this contract.

(p) Limitation of liability. Except as otherwise provided by an express warranty, the Contractor will not be liable to the Government for consequential damages resulting from any defect or deficiencies in accepted items.

(q) Other compliances. The Contractor shall comply with all applicable Federal, State and local laws, executive orders, rules and regulations applicable to its performance under this contract.

(r) Compliance with laws unique to Government contracts. The Contractor agrees to comply with 31 U.S.C. 1352 relating to limitations on the use of appropriated funds to influence certain Federal contracts; 18 U.S.C. 431 relating to officials not to benefit; 40 U.S.C. chapter 37, Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards; 41 U.S.C. chapter 87, Kickbacks; 49 U.S.C. 40118, Fly American; and 41 U.S.C. chapter 21 relating to procurement integrity.

(s) Order of precedence. Any inconsistencies in this solicitation or contract shall be resolved by giving precedence in the following order:

(1) The schedule of supplies/services.

(2) The Assignments, Disputes, Payments, Invoice, Other Compliances, Compliance with Laws Unique to Government Contracts, and Unauthorized Obligations paragraphs of this clause;

(3) The clause at 52.212-5.

(4) Addenda to this solicitation or contract, including any license agreements for computer software.

(5) Solicitation provisions if this is a solicitation.

(6) Other paragraphs of this clause.

(7) The Standard Form 1449.

(8) Other documents, exhibits, and attachments

(9) The specification.

(t) [Reserved]

(u) Unauthorized Obligations.

(1) Except as stated in paragraph (u)(2) of this clause, when any supply or service acquired under this contract is subject to any End User License Agreement (EULA), Terms of Service (TOS), or similar legal instrument or agreement, that includes any clause requiring the Government to indemnify the Contractor or any person or entity for damages, costs, fees, or any other loss or liability that would create an Anti-Deficiency Act violation (31 U.S.C. 1341), the following shall govern:

(i) Any such clause is unenforceable against the Government.

(ii) Neither the Government nor any Government authorized end user shall be deemed to have agreed to such clause by virtue of it appearing in the EULA, TOS, or similar legal instrument or agreement. If the EULA, TOS, or similar legal instrument or agreement is invoked through an “I agree” click box or other comparable mechanism (e.g., “click-wrap” or “browse-wrap” agreements), execution does not bind the Government or any Government authorized end user to such clause.

(iii) Any such clause is deemed to be stricken from the EULA, TOS, or similar legal instrument or agreement.

(2) Paragraph (u)(1) of this clause does not apply to indemnification by the Government that is expressly authorized by statute and specifically authorized under applicable agency regulations and procedures.

(v) Incorporation by reference. The Contractor’s representations and certifications, including those completed electronically via the System for Award Management (SAM), are incorporated by reference into the contract.

(End of Clause)

C.2 52.252-2 CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998)

This contract incorporates one or more clauses by reference, with the same force and effect as if they were given in full text. Upon request, the Contracting Officer will make their full text available. Also, the full text of a clause may be accessed electronically at this/these address(es):

https://www.acquisition.gov/browse/index/far https://www.va.gov/oal/library/vaar/

(End of Clause)

FAR

Number

Title Date

52.203-17 CONTRACTOR EMPLOYEE WHISTLEBLOWER RIGHTS NOV 2023

52.203-19 PROHIBITION ON REQUIRING CERTAIN INTERNAL

CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS OR STATEMENTS

JAN 2017

52.204-9 PERSONAL IDENTITY VERIFICATION OF CONTRACTOR

PERSONNEL

JAN 2011

52.209-10 PROHIBITION ON CONTRACTING WITH INVERTED

DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS

NOV 2015

52.219-6 NOTICE OF TOTAL SMALL BUSINESS SET-ASIDE

(DEVIATION) ALTERNATE I (NOV 2025)

NOV 2025

52.219-14 LIMITATIONS ON SUBCONTRACTING (DEVIATION) NOV 2025

52.219-28 POSTAWARD SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAM

REREPRESENTATION (DEVIATION)

NOV 2025

52.222-36 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR WORKERS WITH

DISABILITIES (DEVIATION)

NOV 2025

52.222-50 COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (DEVIATION) NOV 2025

52.224-3 PRIVACY TRAINING ALTERNATE I (JAN 2017) JAN 2017

52.226-8 ENCOURAGING CONTRACTOR POLICIES TO BAN TEXT

MESSAGING WHILE DRIVING

MAY 2024

52.227-14 RIGHTS IN DATA—GENERAL MAY 2014

52.232-33 PAYMENT BY ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER—

SYSTEM FOR AWARD MANAGEMENT

OCT 2018

52.232-40 PROVIDING ACCELERATED PAYMENTS TO SMALL

BUSINESS SUBCONTRACTORS

MAR 2023

52.233-3 PROTEST AFTER AWARD AUG 1996

52.233-4 APPLICABLE LAW FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT CLAIM OCT 2004

52.237-2 PROTECTION OF GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS,

EQUIPMENT, AND VEGETATION

APR 1984

52.237-3 CONTINUITY OF SERVICES JAN 1991

52.244-

6DEV

SUBCONTRACTS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS AND

COMMERCIAL SERVICES

OCT 2025

852.201-70 CONTRACTING OFFICER'S REPRESENTATIVE DEC 2022

852.203-70 COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING MAY 2018

52.204-13 SYSTEM FOR AWARD MANAGEMENT—MAINTENANCE

(DEVIATION)

NOV 2025

852.204-70 PERSONAL IDENTITY VERIFICATION OF CONTRACTOR

PERSONNEL

MAY 2020

852.204-71 INFORMATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY FEB 2023

852.211-76 LIQUIDATED DAMAGES - REIMBURSEMENT FOR DATA

BREACH COSTS

FEB 2023

852.211-76 LIQUIDATED DAMAGES - REIMBURSEMENT FOR DATA

BREACH COSTS ALTERNATE I

FEB 2023

852.212-71 GRAY MARKET AND COUNTERFEIT ITEMS FEB 2023

852.215-70 SERVICE-DISABLED VETERAN-OWNED AND VETERAN-

OWNED SMALL BUSINESS EVALUATION FACTORS

(DEVIATION)

JAN 2023

852.215-71 EVALUATION FACTOR COMMITMENTS OCT 2019

852.239-70 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES

FEB 2023

852.239-73 INFORMATION SYSTEM HOSTING, OPERATION,

MAINTENANCE, OR USE

FEB 2023

852.239-74 SECURITY CONTROLS COMPLIANCE TESTING FEB 2023

852.239-76 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

ACCESSIBILITY

FEB 2023

C.3 52.216-18 ORDERING (AUG 2020)

(a) Any supplies and services to be furnished under this contract shall be ordered by issuance of delivery orders or task orders by the individuals or activities designated in the Schedule. Such orders may be issued from 06/01/2026 through 05/31/2031.

(b) All delivery orders or task orders are subject to the terms and conditions of this contract. In the event of conflict between a delivery order or task order and this contract, the contract shall control.

(c) A delivery order or task order is considered "issued" when—

(1) If sent by mail (includes transmittal by U.S. mail or private delivery service), the Government deposits the order in the mail;

(2) If sent by fax, the Government transmits the order to the Contractor’s fax number; or

(3) If sent electronically, the Government either—

(i) Posts a copy of the delivery order or task order to a Government document access system, and notice is sent to the Contractor; or

(ii) Distributes the delivery order or task order via email to the Contractor’s email address.

(d) Orders may be issued by methods other than those enumerated in this clause only if authorized in the contract.

(End of Clause)

C.4 52.216-19 ORDER LIMITATIONS (OCT 1995)

(a) Minimum order. When the Government requires supplies or services covered by this contract in an amount of less than $1,000.00, the Government is not obligated to purchase, nor is the Contractor obligated to furnish, those supplies or services under the contract.

(b) Maximum order. The Contractor is not obligated to honor—

(1) Any order for a single item in excess of to be determined;

(2) Any order for a combination of items in excess of to be determined; or

(3) A series of orders from the same ordering office within 30 days that together call for quantities exceeding the limitation in paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section.

(c) If this is a requirements contract (i.e., includes the Requirements clause at subsection 52.216-21 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)), the Government is not required to order a part of any one requirement from the Contractor if that requirement exceeds the maximum-order limitations in paragraph (b) of this section.

(d) Notwithstanding paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, the Contractor shall honor any order exceeding the maximum order limitations in paragraph (b), unless that order (or orders) is returned to the ordering office within 5 days after issuance, with written notice stating the Contractor's intent not to ship the item (or items) called for and the reasons. Upon receiving this notice, the Government may acquire the supplies or services from another source.

(End of Clause)

C.5 52.216-22 INDEFINITE QUANTITY (NOV 2025) (DEVIATION)

(a) This is an indefinite-quantity contract for the supplies or services specified, and effective for the period stated, in the Schedule. The quantities of supplies and services specified in the Schedule are estimates only and are not purchased by this contract.

(b) Delivery or performance shall be made only as authorized by orders issued in accordance with the Ordering clause. The Contractor shall furnish to the Government, when and if ordered, the supplies or services specified in the Schedule up to and including the quantity designated in the Schedule as the "maximum." The Government shall order at least the quantity of supplies or services designated in the Schedule as the "minimum."

(c) Except for any limitations on quantities in the Order Limitations clause or in the Schedule, there is no limit on the number of orders that may be issued. The Government may issue orders requiring delivery to multiple destinations or performance at multiple locations.

(d) Any order issued during the ordering period of this contract and not completed within that period shall be completed by the Contractor within the time specified in the order, which may include order options to be exercised after the ordering period of this contract but before the end of the period of performance of the order. The contract shall govern the Contractor's and Government's rights and obligations with respect to that order, including options exercised, to the same extent as if the order were completed during the contract's ordering period; provided, that the Contractor shall not be required to make any deliveries under this contract after 05/31/2031.

(End of Clause)

C.6 52.217-9 OPTION TO EXTEND THE TERM OF THE CONTRACT (MAR

2000)

(a) The Government may extend the term of this contract by written notice to the Contractor within 30 days; provided that the Government gives the Contractor a preliminary written notice of its intent to extend at least 60 days before the contract expires. The preliminary notice does not commit the Government to an extension.

(b) If the Government exercises this option, the extended contract shall be considered to include this option clause.

(c) The total duration of this contract, including the exercise of any options under this clause, shall not exceed five (5) years.

C.7 52.240-91 SECURITY PROHIBITIONS AND EXCLUSIONS (NOV 2025)

(DEVIATION)

(a) Definitions. As used in this clause—

American Security Drone Act-covered foreign entity means an entity included on a list that the Federal Acquisition Security Council (FASC) develops and maintains and publishes in the System for Award Management (SAM) at https://www.sam.gov (section 1822 of Pub. L. 118-31, 41 U.S.C. 3901 note prec.).

Backhaul means intermediate links between the core network, or backbone network, and the small subnetworks at the edge of the network (e.g., connecting cell phones/towers to the core telephone network). Backhaul can be wireless (e.g., microwave) or wired (e.g., fiber optic, coaxial cable, Ethernet).

Covered application means the social networking service TikTok or any successor application or service developed or provided by ByteDance Limited or an entity owned by ByteDance Limited.

Covered article, as defined in 41 U.S.C. 4713(k), means:

(1) Information technology, as defined in 40 U.S.C. 11101, including cloud computing services of all types;

(2) Telecommunications equipment or telecommunications service, as those terms are defined in section 3 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 153);

(3) The processing of information on a Federal or non-Federal information system, subject to the requirements of the Controlled Unclassified Information program (see 32 CFR part 2002); or

(4) Hardware, systems, devices, software, or services that include embedded or incidental information technology.

Covered foreign country means The People’s Republic of China.

Covered telecommunications equipment or services means—

(1) Telecommunications equipment produced by Huawei Technologies Company or ZTE Corporation (or any subsidiary or affiliate of such entities);

(2) For the purpose of public safety, security of Government facilities, physical security surveillance of critical infrastructure, and other national security purposes, video surveillance and telecommunications equipment produced by Hytera Communications Corporation, Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Company, or Dahua Technology Company (or any subsidiary or affiliate of such entities);

(3) Telecommunications or video surveillance services provided by such entities or using such equipment; or

(4) Telecommunications or video surveillance equipment or services produced or provided by an entity that the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence https://www.sam.gov or the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, reasonably believes to be an entity owned or controlled by, or otherwise connected to, the government of a covered foreign country.

Critical technology means—

(1) Defense articles or defense services included on the United States Munitions List set forth in the International Traffic in Arms Regulations under subchapter M of chapter I of title 22, Code of Federal Regulations;

(2) Items included on the Commerce Control List set forth in Supplement No. 1 to part 774 of the Export Administration Regulations under subchapter C of chapter VII of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations, and controlled—

(i) Pursuant to multilateral regimes, including for reasons relating to national security, chemical and biological weapons proliferation, nuclear nonproliferation, or missile technology; or

(ii) For reasons relating to regional stability or surreptitious listening;

(3) Specially designed and prepared nuclear equipment, parts and components, materials, software, and technology covered by part 810 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (relating to assistance to foreign atomic energy activities);

(4) Nuclear facilities, equipment, and material covered by part 110 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (relating to export and import of nuclear equipment and material);

(5) Select agents and toxins covered by part 331 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations, part 121 of title 9 of such Code, or part 73 of title 42 of such Code; or

(6) Emerging and foundational technologies controlled pursuant to section 1758 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4817).

FASC-prohibited unmanned aircraft system means an unmanned aircraft system manufactured or assembled by an American Security Drone Act—covered foreign entity.

FASCSA order means any of the following orders issued under the Federal Acquisition Supply Chain Security Act (FASCSA) requiring removing covered articles from executive agency information systems or excluding one or more named sources or named covered articles from executive agency procurement actions, as described in 41 CFR 201-1.303(d) and (e):

(1) The Secretary of Homeland Security may issue FASCSA orders that apply to civilian agencies, to the extent not covered by paragraph (2) or (3) of this definition. This type of FASCSA order may be referred to as a Department of Homeland Security (DHS) FASCSA order.

(2) The Secretary of Defense may issue FASCSA orders that apply to the Department of Defense (DoD) and national security systems other than sensitive compartmented information systems. This type of FASCSA order may be referred to as a DoD FASCSA order.

(3) The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) may issue FASCSA orders that apply to the intelligence community and sensitive compartmented information systems, to the extent not covered by paragraph (2) of this definition. This type of FASCSA order may be referred to as a DNI FASCSA order.

Information technology, as defined in 40 U.S.C. 11101(6)—

(1) Means any equipment or interconnected system or subsystem of equipment, used in the automatic acquisition, storage, analysis, evaluation, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information by the executive agency, if the equipment is used by the executive agency directly or is used by a contractor under a contract with the executive agency that requires the use—

(i) Of that equipment; or

(ii) Of that equipment to a significant extent in the performance of a service or the furnishing of a product;

(2) Includes computers, ancillary equipment (including imaging peripherals, input, output, and storage devices necessary for security and surveillance), peripheral equipment designed to be controlled by the central processing unit of a computer, software, firmware and similar procedures, services (including support services), and related resources; but

(3) Does not include any equipment acquired by a Federal contractor incidental to a Federal contract.

Intelligence community, as defined by 50 U.S.C. 3003(4), means the following—

(1) The Office of the Director of National Intelligence;

(2) The Central Intelligence Agency;

(3) The National Security Agency;

(4) The Defense Intelligence Agency;

(5) The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency;

(6) The National Reconnaissance Office;

(7) Other offices within the Department of Defense for the collection of specialized national intelligence through reconnaissance programs;

(8) The intelligence elements of the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the Marine Corps, the Coast Guard, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Department of Energy;

(9) The Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State;

(10) The Office of Intelligence and Analysis of the Department of the Treasury;

(11) The Office of Intelligence and Analysis of the Department of Homeland Security; or

(12) Such other elements of any department or agency as may be designated by the President, or designated jointly by the Director of National Intelligence and the head of the department or agency concerned, as an element of the intelligence community.

Interconnection arrangement means arrangements governing the physical connection of two or more networks to allow the use of another’s network to hand off traffic where it is ultimately delivered (e.g., connecting a customer of telephone provider A to a customer of telephone company B) or sharing data and other information resources.

Kaspersky Lab-covered article…

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