B09_SOW_Rev_d_at_RFQ_Amend_01_0001.pdf

Conduct cruise ship emissions inventory in GLBA

SCOPE OF SERVICES

CONDUCT CRUISE SHIP EMISSIONS INVENTORY AND MANGEMENT-

RELEVANT ANALYSES AT

GLACIER BAY

May 4, 2023

In accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract, the Contractor shall perform the work as described below:

I. BACKGROUND:

Cruise ships represent an important means by which visitors access and enjoy Glacier Bay

National Park. In 2022, over 95% of all visitors to the park arrived aboard cruise ships. Ships compete for 10-year concession contracts and thus a limited number of ships (19 total in 2023 from 5 different companies) are able to access the park. While carrying passengers round trip from the park entrance at the mouth of Glacier Bay up to the tidewater glaciers, cruise ships emit pollutants which can affect air quality and visitor experience, including particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen and sulfur. These pollutants can influence air quality. Ships also produce large volumes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) during their voyage. The NPS seeks to develop an emissions inventory for cruise ships in 2023 which occur as a result of this system of visitation.

The emissions inventory will provide insights necessary to understand variation among ships, on a per visit or per passenger basis, in pollutants emitted. An emissions inventory will also provide an opportunity to review/compare/contrast how different management strategies for ship visitation may influence emissions, as well as evaluate emissions and GHG produced with alternative forms of glacier access. All cruise companies that hold contracts with the NPS have agreed to allow Glacier Bay personnel and, for two weeks of the project, a contractor, to board the ships and collect data necessary to generate an activity-based emissions inventory. This includes collecting data in the Engine Control Room (ECR) on fuel consumption across operational modes, and tabulate information available in ship documents, such as the engine emission factors included in the Engine International Air Pollution Prevention certificates.

II. SCOPE OF WORK:

The contractor is expected to work closely throughout the project with a designated NPS scientist

(Dr. Scott Gende) including on data collection, analysis, generation of results, and written manuscripts submitted to peer-reviewed scientific journals. In sum, the contractor is expected to spend 2 weeks during the summer in 2023 boarding ships collecting data and training the NPS designee (Gende) on data collection methods and recording all information necessary, coupled with AIS data, to generate an accurate and unbiased mode-specific activity-based emission inventory. Training will occur by having the NPS designee ‘shadow’ the contractor on all aspects of data/information collection while aboard the ships, explaining why certain data are collected or interviews conducted with relevant ship personnel, such as Chief Engineer or

Captain. During the 2-week period while in Glacier Bay, contractor is also expected to train

NPS designee how to enter the data into an established database necessary to generate spatially-explicit emission estimates. For the emission inventory estimates, the methodology should be followed as outlined in the San Pedro Bay Ports Emissions Inventory Methodology Report (see

San Pedro Bay Ports Emissions Inventory Methodology Report | Version 1

(portoflosangeles.org).

Following the 2 weeks of data collection/training on board the ships in Glacier Bay, the NPS designee will continue to collect the same type of data on the rest of the cruise ships that enter the park during the summer and fall such that an emissions inventory can be generated for each of the 19 total ships that visited Glacier Bay during 2023. The data collected on the ships will be sent to the contractor electronically using a standardized spreadsheet provided by the contractor that was used during the 2-week training (e.g., MS Excel). This spreadsheet will have tabs which includes data entry format for one-time and repeated data/information entry. One-time data includes information that will not change with ship operations such as engine type, manufacturer, engine emissions factor, number and type of boilers, fuel quality, thruster type/number/power, etc. Repeated data tab would be constructed for information collected that changes with ship operations as it moves through the park including but not limited to, time, speed over ground, engine-load, specific fuel oil consumption (SFOC), thruster load, and any other information pertinent to determining spatially-explicit emissions estimates based on mode-specific operations. As data are sent to the contractor throughout the summer (based on ship boarding schedules), the contractor will review for QA/QC, such that any issues can be resolved to minimize chance errors continue throughout the summer. By the fall of 2023 (expected end of

October), a meeting will be organized and the contractor will travel to Juneau to generate spatially-explicit, mode-specific emission estimates for each of the ships that were boarded in

2023. Working with the NPS during a fall 2023 meeting, the results will be applied to specified management questions, with the expectation that 3 manuscripts will be written collaboratively

(contractor and NPS).

Overall, four components (Tasks) will make up this project including:

(1) Data collection and training, including collecting repeated data and one-time information on board cruise ships in Glacier Bay during the 2023 cruise season, including training NPS employee on what data to collect, how to collect it, and provide the context behind the data relevance and how it will be used (see above).

(2) QA/QC of the data sent to contractor using spreadsheet provided by the contractor.

Generation of spatially-explicit, mode-specific emission estimates for each ship inventoried in

2023. Emission estimates will span from the time the ship passes into the park (crosses boundary in Icy Strait) until the time it exits the park in the late afternoon (crosses same boundary).

(3) Travel to Juneau in fall of 2023 to go over emission inventory results and review strategies for analyses and manuscripts.

(4) Work closely with NPS in the development of management-relevant analyses written up and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Task 1: Field work and training in Glacier Bay

Contractor will travel (single person) to Glacier Bay National Park (Bartlett Cove, Alaska) in spring or early summer 2023 (depending upon ship scheduling and when contract is signed) to board a minimum of 5 (maximum of 10) large cruise ships over the course of 2 weeks. Once on board, contractor will spearhead data collection methods, training the designated NPS employee

(Dr. Scott Gende) on methods and information to be collected related to fuel consumption, installed technology that generates emissions (diesel generators, boilers, incinerators, etc.), ship operational data including loads from engines and thrusters across all speeds, fuel quality, emission factors from certificates, and all other relevant data necessary to estimate emissions for each of the primary pollutants including oxides of nitrogen (NOX), oxides of sulfur (SOX), Particulate Matter (PM; 10-micron and 2.5 micron), diesel particulate matter (DPM), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), the three greenhouse gasses (CO2, CH4, N2O) equated as CO2 equivalents (CO2e) during the ships transit in Glacier Bay. Transit is defined as the time the ship crosses into Glacier Bay from Icy Strait until the time it exits the park crossing the same line 8-14 hours later. Training will occur by having the NPS designee ‘shadow’ the contractor on all aspects of data/information collection while aboard the ships, explaining why certain data are collected or interviews conducted with relevant ship personnel, such as Chief

Engineer or Captain. During the 2-week period while in Glacier Bay, contractor is also expected to train NPS designee how to enter the data into an established database necessary to generate spatially-explicit emission estimates.

The NPS will work with the contractor to identify the optimal time period for contractor to travel to Bartlett Cove, Alaska for these boardings, based on ship scheduling and occupancy of the NPS transport vessel. Contractor will be transported out to the cruise ships via an NPS transport vessel; the NPS will set up any training necessary for the contractor while in Bartlett Cove to allow the contractor to travel with the NPS vessel to board the ships (ladder training; expected 2 hours total). The NPS will work with the contractor to identify the 5-10 ships that will be boarded during the contractor’s time in Bartlett Cove, which could, depending upon ship schedules, span 7-14 days. Once the ships have been identified, the NPS will be responsible for communicating with the ship personnel to get contractor’s name on the ship’s manifest for boarding, and notify these personnel that they will be facilitating data collection, including entry into restricted areas such as the engine control room (ECR), access to the engines and boilers, and other sensitive areas. The contractor and the NPS will then board these ships and collect necessary data to quantify the mass of emissions during a large cruise ship’s transit in Glacier

Bay.

For the field work, expected sometime in June or early July, the contractor will:

• Travel to Bartlett Cove, the location of park headquarters, for 2 weeks in June or July

• Procure lodging and transportation necessary to be able to conduct the work and be available for transport on the NPS vessel for ship boardings.

• Provide the NPS with a standardized spreadsheet that was used during the 2-week training (e.g., MS Excel). This spreadsheet will have tabs which includes data entry format for one-time and repeated data/information entry. One-time data includes information that will not change with ship operations such as engine type, manufacturer, engine emissions factor, number and type of boilers, fuel quality, thruster type/number/power, etc. Repeated data tab would be constructed for information collected that changes with ship operations as it moves through the park including but not limited to, time, speed-over-ground, engine-load, specific fuel oil consumption (SFOC), thruster load, and any other information pertinent to determining spatially-explicit emissions estimates based on mode-specific operations. Tabs in the data sheet will also include any data necessary for each emission source (propulsion, auxiliary engines, and boilers), noting that each ship is unique to the types of information that is available based on their ECR capabilities/displays. This spreadsheet will be utilized during the training as NPS shadows contractor, and then utilized by NPS on subsequent boardings.

• Provide copies of all photos, data, and relevant notes to the NPS before contractor departs

Glacier Bay.

• Following 2 weeks in Bartlett Cove, be available for questions generated by NPS designee related to any issues or concerns arising from deviations in data collection and analysis (responsive within 2 days). Questions may arise throughout the summer as the

NPS collects data on the remaining ships that enter the park.

Task 2: Data Review, QA/QC and Emissions Inventory Estimates

Following the site visit, the NPS will continue to collect data necessary to generate an emissions inventory until data has been collected for every ship that enters the park in 2023. The NPS will send the data periodically electronically to contractor such that QA/QC by the contractor can occur. Contractor is expected to review the spreadsheet data to ensure no errors are occurring and to clarify any questions generated by the NPS.

Compiled data will be merged with AIS data (time from AIS data matched with time recorded on spreadsheets) by the contractor using a database to generate modal profiles for each ship that was boarded for auxiliary, propulsion, and boiler operations. The modal profiles will be used in conjunction with AIS data (provided by Contractor) for the entire 2023 Glacier Bay season to spatially-explicit estimates of emissions by source (auxiliary, propulsion, and boiler) including mode for each ship that enters the park. The emission estimates as noted above should be produced using methods published in the San Pedro Bay Ports Emissions Inventory

Methodology Report (see San Pedro Bay Ports Emissions Inventory Methodology

Report | Version 1 (portoflosangeles.org). Throughout the summer, as data is sent by the NPS to the contractor, the contractor will provide access to a database that will allow NPS to enter the data (into the accessible database), modify the parameters, and output key metrics including total emissions of each of the pollutants described above and total fuel consumed during the ship’s visit.

For this task, the contractor will:

https://kentico.portoflosangeles.org/getmedia/5cf9340c-869f-47f2-afab-710b39355070/2020_SPBP_Emissions_Inventory_Methodology_v2 https://kentico.portoflosangeles.org/getmedia/5cf9340c-869f-47f2-afab-710b39355070/2020_SPBP_Emissions_Inventory_Methodology_v2

• Provide the NPS with access to a database which includes descriptions of any equations, parameters and assumptions, that will allow NPS to enter the data, modify the parameters, and output key metrics including total emissions of each of the pollutants described above and total fuel consumed during the ship’s visit.

• Generate spatially-explicit ship modal profiles for each unique ship that was boarded throughout the summer.

• Train designated NPS personnel on how to utilize the database to output emissions inventory results including how to modify parameters such that outputs generate results needed for the expected manuscripts listed below. The detailed emission estimates outputs should be made available through a web portal.

• Provide a summary report of results which includes emission estimates for each ship for each visit to the park.

• Produce pollutant emission heat maps for the season in Glacier Bay and modified according to questions, such as days in which certain management actions are in place

(such as park-generated mandatory speed reductions). These questions will be identified and discussed with the contractor during the summer.

• Be responsive (within 24 hours) of any questions by the NPS during data collection aboard ships on which only NPS is collecting data.

Task 3: Pre-Analyses meeting in Juneau

Upon completion of the data collection aboard all ships that enter Glacier Bay in 2023, which is likely to be mid-October depending upon ship schedules, the contractor will travel to Juneau

(NPS Office) for 3 or 4 day meeting to review the data and results (emission inventories for each ship, heat maps, operational modes, observations and insights, etc.). Modal profiles will be discussed and results will be reviewed in detail. By the end of the meeting, unbiased estimates of the total emissions (see above list for each pollutant) will be finalized (note total emissions will be from the time the ship initially passes into park waters from Icy Strait until it exits the park in the same area 8-12 hours later).

During this meeting, a draft StoryMap will be crafted whereby an outline will be generated for the StoryMap narrative, and language, photos, and data results will be generated. The meeting will also clarify the data analyses and modeling approaches for management-relevant questions.

These results will be co-produced by the contractor and the NPS. While the material/content for the StoryMap will be jointly produced, the StoryMap will be served on the NPS websites/accounts.

For this Task, contractor is expected to:

• Travel to Juneau 3-4 days meeting to review all the data. Contractor will secure own lodging and transportation. Office space for 3-4 days of meetings will be provided by the

NPS.

• Review all data and calculations for ship emission estimates jointly with the NPS, and consider implications for the park.

• Generate draft language for a StoryMap which includes background information, methods, and preliminary results (or placeholders for them). For an example see: How

Marine Heatwaves are Changing Ocean Ecosystems (arcgis.com).

• Provide data, results, photos, and other components to the NPS for the StoryMap, which will be co-produced by the NPS and contractor.

• Define analyses for expected 3 manuscripts to be co-written by the NPS and Contractor.

The NPS and Contractor will jointly co-produce the strategy for completing analyses and modeling efforts to produce the management-relevant manuscripts to be submitted to scientific journals which will be authored by the NPS and co-authored by the contractor.

Task 4: Analyses, Reports, and Manuscripts

Following identification of management-relevant questions (from meeting), results and modeling outputs will be co-produced by the contractor. Given the management implications of this work, a key requirement is to publish the results in peer-reviewed scientific journal per NPS policy. It is expected that 3 key analyses (subject to change and input from contractor) and modeling efforts will occur, that will be supported by the contractor.

Analysis/Manuscript 1

• It is expected that this manuscript will have two components. The first component will present the results of the emissions inventory (including greenhouse gases; see above list) as a result of each ship’s visit to Glacier Bay including its transit to and from, and duration in front of, the tidewater glaciers. Results of the emission estimates will also be scaled up to a season such that all ships visits during 2023 contribute to a total emission estimate by cruise ships in 2023. This analysis will include identifying how and why characteristics of certain ships including size, engine configuration, engine rating (Tier), age of the ship, passenger load, and other relevant factors, influence the volume of pollutants emitted. The second component will contrast the results from 2023 to years with similar volume of ship entries from 2013, i.e., decadal-scale changes in emissions that resulted in higher quality fuel and technological advances in concert with the construction and appearance in Alaska of larger (more passengers) and newer ships. In essence, this second component will be a modeling effort that varies the technology and fuel quality for a retrospective contrast with ships over the past several decades to indicate any changes in emissions that have occurred on a by-ship or by-passenger basis.

Contractor is expected to spearhead the modeling results using accurate estimates of fuel quality and will need to have access to data of installed technology and average fuel quality used by cruise ships visiting Alaska at or around 2013 (this data from an existing database or derived from a review of reports and/or peer reviewed publication). A key aspect of this manuscript is the ability to access data on cruise ship operations and other large ocean-going vessels in other areas to contrast emissions while operating in Glacier

Bay vs. emissions while operating in other areas. Thus a key requirement is that the contractor have access to emissions inventories based on data collected while aboard ships, i.e., using identical methods for data collection and analytical methods. NPS is expected to be principal author on the manuscript with the contractor writing components of the methods and working collaboratively with the NPS on results. Scientific journal where the manuscript will be submitted will be decided by the NPS.

Analysis/Manuscript 2:

• This manuscript is expected to focus on modeling results that identify how different management alternatives, identified during the meeting in the fall of 2023 (or earlier based on mutually agreed timing with contractor and NPS), could be implemented to reduce fuel consumption, and thus emissions in Glacier Bay based on key factors identified during data collection and analyses conducted for Manuscript 1. For example, how would emissions change (1) with/without changes in speed regulations imposed by the NPS for whale conservation measures, (2) if only certain ships, such as newer or larger ships, were allowed entry into the park, (3) with flexibility in NPS ranger pick-up or drop off times, allowing ships to travel at slower speeds (or required faster speeds) so as not to meet static designated meeting times by the NPS transfer vessel at the end of the day. The relevant management alternatives will be co-identified by the NPS and contractor, whereas the modeling (quantitative efforts) will be spearheaded by the contractor.

Analysis/Manuscript 3:

• It is expected that this manuscript will be a modeling exercise merged with quantitative analyses that addresses the implications should 675,000 visitors that would normally arrive aboard cruise ships access the tidewater glaciers in the park via alternative forms of transport. The alternative forms of access will be discussed with the contractor but may include:

o 28’ power boats outfitted with twin 200 hp four-stroke outboard motors;

o Diesel school buses similar to those used in Denali National Park. While there is no road from the park lodge to the tidewater glaciers, estimates should be based on an imaginary road that would follow (1) the path of the cruise ships and (2) an imaginary road that starts from the park lodge and travels up the east side of

Glacier Bay and crosses over to the west side near the Margerie glacier, i.e., a hypothetical road that would be used by buses carrying a similar number of cruise passengers.

o The park’s ‘day boat’ which is a 60’ catamaran powered by twin diesel engines.

o If all travelers who were required to fly to Gustavus on a commercial jet (e.g., similar to the Alaska Airline jet that travels from Juneau to Gustavus) and stay in the lodge for a night and then flies back to Juneau. Estimates (pollutants and carbon budget) should be partitioned out to include the jet flight, the lodge stay, and the ride on the day boat. Fuel consumption of the day boat will be provided by the NPS. Metrics will not be limited to emissions or GHG but also include estimates of waste production, transit source frequency (how many buses or boat trips to get 675,000 passengers to the glacier) and recycling/waste production including black (sewage) and grey water (galley, showers, etc.) for a holistic comparison with cruise ship services. Contractor is expected to provide a comprehensive review of the literature for these parameters that makes this a rigorous and defensible contrast. For example, a scientific literature review of emissions and fuel consumption by a typical jet passenger to fly from Juneau to

Gustavus. A typical amount of waste produced by a hotel visitor, etc. For each of these contrasts, the contractor is expected to provide accurate estimates of emissions and total carbon budget for accurate modeling parameters such that they can be directly compared with those for cruise ship travel.

III. PARK SITE DESCRIPTIONS , LOGISTICS AND FIELD SCHEDULING

1. Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GLBA)

a. Logistics- Gustavus is located approximately 40 minutes by air north of Juneau.

Gustavus is not connected to the road system. Commercial flights (alaskaair.com) and

Alaska Sea Planes (https://www.flyalaskaseaplanes.com) are options for getting to

Gustavus. Commercial lodging and restaurants are available in Gustavus. A state ferry also runs regularly between Juneau and Gustavus.

b. Cruise Ships-There is one lodge in Bartlett Cove located approximately 10 miles northwest of Gustavus.

a. Bartlett Cove- Facilities in Bartlett Cove consist of a number of park facilities, the

Glacier Bay Lodge, permanent and seasonal housing and the dock where the NPS transfer vessel, the MV Serac, departs each morning to transfer personnel to the cruise ships.

b. There is one lodging opportunity in Bartlett Cove: the Glacier Bay Lodge. There are other lodging opportunities in Gustavus. Several of the commercial lodges in

Gustavus provide free transportation to Bartlett Cove including in the morning.

Contractor will be responsible for transportation to/from the NPS dock from lodging on each of the days ship boardings occur.

c. The park runs an NPS vessel (MV Serac) between Bartlett Cove and each cruise ship that enters the park. The Serac comes along side the cruise ship while both travel at approximately 6 knots and NPS Interpretation Rangers and other personnel climb a small ladder from the deck of the Serac onto the cruise ship.

This will be the way by which the contractor and NPS personnel (Scott Gende) will board the ships during the 2-week training period in June or July.

c. Field Visit Timing: June or July 2023.

IV. MATERIAL/SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE GOVERNMENT

1. Materials provided by the Government

a. Electronic versions of the ship entry schedule.

2. Services Provided by the Government:

a. Ladder training necessary to board cruise ships https://www.flyalaskaseaplanes.com/

b. Transport to/from cruise ships

V. SCHEDULE AND SUBMITTALS

1. Progress Payments: Progress payments will be made based on the satisfactory completion of each of the following milestone events, per sampling event. Payments for partial completion of each milestone event will not be made. The events are as follows:

1. 2-week Field work and training (Task 1).

2. Completion of QA/QC of data and generated estimates of emissions inventories (Task 2).

3. Completion of meeting in Juneau (Task 3).

4. Submission of manuscripts to scientific journals

a. First Manuscript

b. Second Manuscript

c. Third Manuscript

Not more than one invoice per month will be processed for payment.

VI. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TECHNICAL COORDINATION

1. Technical Coordination:

Scott Gende, Senior Science Advisor, National Park Service, Glacier Bay Field Station, 3100

National Park Road, Juneau, AK 99801

Phone: 907-364-2622/ email: Scott_Gende@nps.gov