IFB #WCU092626113

Invitation for Bids for

Supplemental Snow Removal Labor Services

Issued by:

West Chester University of PA

Publication Date:

09/29/2026

Submission Date:

October 5th, 2026; 10:00 AM. Eastern Prevailing Time (EPT)

Attachment:

Attachment A – Specifications and Requirements

West Chester University of Pennsylvania

IFB #WCU0224261013P3

I.1 Overview

This Invitation for Bids (IFB) provides interested suppliers with sufficient information to prepare and submit bids for consideration by West Chester University of Pennsylvania (hereinafter “State System”, “University”, or “WCU”) is seeking qualified contractors to provide supplemental snow removal labor during the 2026-2027 winter season. The State System is requesting firm fixed pricing.

I.2 Issuing Office

This IFB is being issued for the State System by the Issuing Office listed below. The Issuing Office is the sole point of contact for this IFB. Please refer all inquiries to:

Kate McCoy Bill Smith Purchasing Agent Assistant Purchasing Manager West Chester University of PA West Chester University of PA 610-436-1013 610-436-2604 kmccoy2@wcupa.edu wsmith2@wcupa.edu

All questions and clarifications shall be submitted to the issuing office via the “Ask a Question” feature in PennBid only. From the Publication Date of this IFB until a determination is made regarding the selection of a bid, all contacts concerning this IFB must be made through the Issuing Office and only information supplied by the Issuing Office via the PennBid Portal, including responses to questions regarding the IFB, should be used in preparing bids. Any and all other contacts or information received regarding the subject prior to the release of this IFB should be disregarded in preparing responses. Any violation of this condition is cause for the State System to reject a bid. If it is later discovered that any violations have occurred, the State System may reject the bid.

Tentative Key Dates

Publication Date 09/29/2026 Deadline for Questions 09/30/2026; 2:00 PM EPT Amendment Issue Date On or before 10/02/2026 Submission Date/Time 10/05/2026; 10:00 AM EPT Award TBD

I.3 Rejection of Bids

The State System reserves the right to reject any and all responses received from bidders as a result of this IFB, and to cancel this solicitation at any time prior to the execution of any contract. Bids will be rejected if they are not prepared in accordance with the IFB instructions listed herein. All tie bids will be broken by the Director of Strategic Sourcing or a designee.

I.4 Response Date

To be considered, bids must be received by the Issuing Office on or before the Submission Date/Time listed above. Late submissions will not be accepted.

I.5 Bid Submission/Basis for Award

Bids must consist of a complete response to the requirements outlined herein and shall be submitted via PennBid at https://pennbid.bonfirehub.com no later than the required Submission Date. No other distribution of bids will be made by the bidder.

A. The bid must remain valid for at least 90 days.

B. All prices quoted must be tax exempt.

mailto:kmccoy2@wcupa.edu mailto:wsmith2@wcupa.edu https://pennbid.bonfirehub.com/portal/?tab=openOpportunities https://pennbid.bonfirehub.com/portal/?tab=openOpportunities https://pennbid.bonfirehub.com/portal/?tab=openOpportunities https://pennbid.bonfirehub.com/

C. All prices quoted must be FOB Destination/Freight Prepaid.

D. Bids will be evaluated for compliance with the specified requirements. Award(s) will be made to the responsive, responsible bidder(s) whose bid provides the lowest total cost to the State System.

E. The Evaluated Bid Price will be calculated by applying each bidder's quoted rates and fees to the same hypothetical evaluation scenario, which will be applied uniformly to all responsive bidders.

F. Bidder will provide three (3) recent business references to verify your firm's experience, expertise, and resources, as well as its ability to meet WCU's objectives upon request.

G. Payment Terms of WCU are Net 30 days after receipt and inspection of material and/or services.

H. Bidder will be required to sign a Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Standard Contract (PASSHE-SC-1.2). The State System reserves the right to amend its Standard Contract Terms and Conditions and will post any amendments at the State System’s website.

I. All pricing data must be submitted electronically via the Pricing Section Bid Table in PennBid. Failure to meet this requirement may result in automatic disqualification of the bid.

I.6 Addenda to the IFB

If it becomes necessary to revise any part of this IFB, addenda will be posted at PennBid.

The information contained on this website is current and accurate. It is the bidder’s responsibility to check this site periodically to obtain any changes to the solicitation. Bidders must acknowledge all addenda in their bid. Bidders who fail to submit a current bid may be deemed non-responsive.

I.7 Term of Contract The term of this contract is one (1) year.

I.8 Incurring Costs The State System is not liable for and will not reimburse any costs or expenses incurred by bidders in the preparation or submission of their bids or for attendance at any conferences or meetings related to this IFB.

I.9 Contractor Responsibility Program

Bidders must certify that they are not currently under suspension or debarment by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, any other state, or the federal government to the best of their knowledge. Additionally, bidders must certify that they are not tax delinquent with either the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue or the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry to the best of their knowledge. Bidders must acknowledge that if they are currently under suspension or debarment, or if they owe delinquent taxes, their bid may not be accepted or considered.

I.10 Disclosure of Bid Contents and Open Records All responses to procurement opportunities and resulting contracts are subject to Pennsylvania’s Right-to-Know Law, 65 P.S. §67.101 et seq. (Act 3 of 2008). The Right-to- Know Law permits requestors to inspect and/or copy any record prepared, received, or retained in connection with a transaction, business, or activity of a public office or agency that is not subject to the enumerated exemptions under the law. Should the bidder’s response become the subject of a Pennsylvania Right-to-Know Law request, the Issuing Office will notify the bidder to identify or confirm all trade secrets or confidential and proprietary information that is included in the bidder’s proposal. The State System will then determine whether the claimed trade secret or confidential and proprietary information is subject to disclosure under applicable law and grant or deny the request accordingly. Should the request be denied and the requestor appeal that denial, the State System will notify the https://www.passhe.edu/shared-services/procurement/documents/PASSHE-SC-1.2.pdf https://www.passhe.edu/shared-services/procurement/procurement-forms.html bidder of the appeal and the bidder’s opportunity to request to participate in the appeal as a party of interest. The State System will not represent the interests of the bidder in any appeal, nor will the State System compensate or reimburse any expenses of the bidder in connection with a request of information under the Right-to-Know Law.

I.11 SAP Business Network (Ariba)

The State System transacts with suppliers through the SAP Ariba Business Network (SBN) to electronically exchange purchase orders, order confirmations, advanced shipping notices, invoices, and payment status for all purchases – direct goods, indirect goods, and services.

The State System encourages suppliers to submit electronic invoices to the State System through the SBN. Unless otherwise provided in this RFP, or by the State System in writing, the offeror agrees to conduct business transactions with the State System using the SBN.

Offerors are required to understand how to use the SBN and are responsible for any additional costs that the offeror chooses to incur. There is no cost to transact using a SBN Standard Account. Additional fees may be incurred using a SBN Enterprise Account.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR BIDDERS SUBMITTING BIDS

1. SUBMISSIONS OF BIDS:

a. Bids are requested for the item(s) described in the Invitation for bids (IFB). For purposes of these instructions, the IFB shall include all documents attached or incorporated by reference.

b. Bids must be submitted by a properly authorized officer of the bidder.

c. Bids must be firm, with no qualifications. If a bid is submitted with conditions or exceptions or not in conformance with the terms and conditions referenced in the IFB (PASSHE SC- 1.2), it shall be rejected. The bid shall also be rejected if the terms or items offered by the bidder are not in conformance with the specifications, as determined at the issuing office’s sole discretion.

d. The bidder, intending to be legally bound hereby, offers and agrees, if its bid is accepted, to provide the awarded items at the price(s) set forth in this bid at the time(s) and place(s) specified.

2. QUESTIONS: Any questions concerning conditions and specifications of the IFB must be submitted via PennBid.

3. BIDDER’S REPRESENTATION AND AUTHORIZATION:

a. Each bidder, by making its bid, understands, represents, and acknowledges that:

i. The bidder is registered to do business with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

ii. The bidder has read and understands the terms and conditions of the IFB and the bid is made in accordance with those terms and conditions.

iii. The item(s) offered in the bid will be in conformance with the specifications referenced on the IFB without exceptions.

iv. The price(s) and amount of the bid have been arrived at independently and without consultation, communication, or agreement with any other contractor, bidder, or prospective bidder.

v. Neither the price(s) nor the amount of the bid, and neither the approximate price(s) nor the approximate amount of the bid, have been disclosed to any other firm or person who is a bidder or prospective bidder, and they will not be disclosed before bid opening.

vi. No attempt has been made or will be made to induce any firm or person to refrain from bidding on the contract, or to submit a bid higher than the bid, or to submit any intentionally high or noncompetitive bid or other form of complementary bid.

vii. The bid is made in good faith and not pursuant to any agreement or discussion with, or inducement from, any firm or person to submit a complementary or other noncompetitive bid.

viii. To the best of the knowledge of the person submitting the bid for the bidder, the bidder, its affiliates, subsidiaries, officers, directors, and employees are not currently under investigation by any government agency and have not in the last four years been convicted or found liable for any act prohibited by State or Federal law in any jurisdiction, involving conspiracy or collusion with respect to bidding on any public contract, except as disclosed by the bidder in its bid.

ix. Neither the bidder, nor any subcontractors, nor any suppliers are under suspension or debarment by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or any governmental entity, https://www.passhe.edu/shared-services/procurement/documents/PASSHE-SC-1.2.pdf https://www.passhe.edu/shared-services/procurement/documents/PASSHE-SC-1.2.pdf https://www.passhe.edu/shared-services/procurement/documents/PASSHE-SC-1.2.pdf instrumentality, or authority. If the bidder cannot so certify, then it shall submit, along with the bid, a written explanation of why such certification cannot be made.

x. To the best of the knowledge of the person submitting the bid for the bidder, and except as otherwise disclosed by the bidder in its bid, the bidder has no outstanding or delinquent obligations to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania including, but not limited to, any state tax liability not being contested on appeal or other obligation of the bidder that is owed to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

xi. The bidder has not, under separate contract with the university or the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, made any recommendations to the university or the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania concerning: the IFB, the need for item(s) described in the IFB, or the specifications for the item(s) described in the IFB.

xii. All information provided by, and representations made by, the bidder in the bid are material and important and will be relied upon by the university in awarding the contract.

b. Each bidder, by making its bid, authorizes all Commonwealth of Pennsylvania agencies to release information related to liabilities to the university including, but not limited to taxes, unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation liabilities.

c. If an award is made to the bidder, the bidder agrees that it intends to be legally bound to the contract that is formed between the university and the bidder.

4. PRICES: The successful bidder will be required to provide the awarded item(s) at the prices quoted in its bid.

5. CONTINGENT BIDS: bidders shall not make its bid contingent upon the university’s acceptance of specifications or contract terms that conflict with or are in addition to those in the IFB.

6. BEST AND FINAL OFFERS: While not required, the Issuing Office reserves the right to conduct discussions with bidders for the purpose of obtaining Best and Final Offers (BAFOs). To obtain BAFOs from offerors the Issuing Office may request a revised bid.

7. APPROVED EQUAL: Whenever an item is defined in this IFB by trade name and catalogue number of a manufacturer or vendor, the term “or approved equal,” if not inserted shall be implied. Any reference to a particular manufacturer’s product either by trade name or by limited description is solely for the purpose of more clearly indicating the minimum standard of quality desired, except where a “no substitute” is requested. When a “no substitute” is requested, the issuing office will consider bids for the referenced product only. The term “or approved equal” is defined as meaning any other make which, in the sole opinion of the issuing office, is of such character, quality and performance equivalence as to meet the standard of quality of products specified for which it is to be used equally as well as that specified. A bidder quoting on a product other than the referenced product shall: a) furnish complete identification in its bid of the product it is offering by trade name, brand and/or model number; b) furnish descriptive literature and data with respect to the substitute product it proposes to furnish; and c) indicate any known specification deviations from the referenced product. If the information required in a) through c) above is not provided, the bid shall be deemed nonresponsive.

8. ALTERNATE PRODUCTS: A bidder who wants to offer an alternate must notify the issuing office in writing, at least five (5) days prior to the scheduled bid opening that the bidder intends to offer an alternate in its bid. An “alternate” is a product that deviates from the requirements of the specifications in its composition, qualities, performance, size dimension, etc. The written notification from the bidder must include a complete description of the alternate and must identify the product’s deviations from the specifications. Upon receipt of the notification, the issuing office will determine whether the alternate is acceptable. If the issuing office, in its discretion, determines that the alternate is acceptable, the issuing office will issue an addendum to the invitation for the bids that revises the specifications. If no addendum is issued revising the specification, a bid offering the alternate shall be deemed denied and no alternative will be considered for award.

9. NEW EQUIPMENT: Unless otherwise specified in the IFB, all products offered by bidders must be new. Items which are used, demonstrations, obsolete, seconds or which have been discontinued are unacceptable without the prior written approval of the issuing office.

10. MODIFICATION OR WITHDRAWAL OF BID:

a. Bid Modification Prior to Bid Opening. Bids may be modified up until the exact hour and date specified for bid opening.

b. Bid Withdrawal Prior to Bid Opening. Bids may be withdrawn prior to the exact hour and date specified for bid opening.

c. Bid Withdrawal After Bid Opening. Bidders are permitted to withdraw erroneous bids after bid opening only if all of the following conditions are met:

i. The bidder submits a written request for withdrawal.

ii. The bidder presents credible evidence, as solely determined by the issuing office, with the written request that the reason for the lower bid price was a clerical mistake as opposed to a judgment mistake and was actually due to an unintentional arithmetical error or an unintentional omission of a substantial quantity of work, labor, material, or services made directly in the compilation of the bid.

iii. The request for relief and supporting evidence must be received by the issuing office within three (3) business days after bid opening, but before award of the contract.

iv. The issuing office shall not permit a bid withdrawal if the bid withdrawal would result in the award of the contract on another bid of the same bidder, its partner, or corporation or business venture owned by or in which the bidder has a substantial interest.

v. If a bidder is permitted to withdraw its bid, the bidder cannot supply any material or labor or perform any subcontract or other work agreement for the awarded contractor, without written approval of the issuing office.

d. Firm Bid. Except as provided above, a bid may not be modified, withdrawn, or canceled by any bidder for a period of ninety (90) days following the time and date designated for the bid opening, unless otherwise specified by the bidder in its bid. If the lowest responsible bidder, as determined by the issuing office, withdraws its bid prior to the expiration of the award period or fails to comply with the requirements set forth in the IFB including, but not limited to, any requirement to submit performance or payment bonds or insurance certificates within the required time period, the bidder shall be liable to the university for all costs and damages associated with the re-award or re-bid including the difference between the bidder’s price and the actual cost that the university pays for the awarded items.

e. Clarification and Additional Information. After the receipt of bids, the issuing office shall have the right to contact bidders for the purpose of seeking:

i. Clarification of the bid which confirms the issuing office’s understanding of the statements or information in the bid or;

ii. Additional information on the items offered; provided the IFB does not require the rejection of the bid for failure to include such information.

11. REJECTION OF BIDS: The issuing office reserves the right to reject any and all bids, to waive technical defects or any informality in bids, and to accept or reject any part of any bid if the best interests of the university are thereby served.

12. LEGAL REVIEW: Prior to any agreement resulting from the IFB being effective, it must be reviewed for form and legality by legal counsel for the university pursuant to the Commonwealth Attorneys Act. This review may result in changes to the terms and conditions specified in the

IFB.

13. AWARDS: Unless all bids are rejected, and except as otherwise provided by law, award will be made, through the issuance of a purchase order or other appropriate agreement to the lowest responsible and responsive bidder. Unless otherwise specified by the issuing office in the IFB, the university reserves the right to award by item or on a total bid basis, whichever is deemed more advantageous to the university. In cases of discrepancies in prices, the unit price will be binding unless the unit price is obviously in error and the extended price is obviously correct, in which case the erroneous unit price will be corrected. WCU reserves the right to (1) award a single contract for all services, (2) award multiple contracts, or (3) not award a contract.

14. TIE BIDS: All tie bids will be broken by the issuing office.

15. PRICING WARRANTY AND DISCOUNTS: The university qualifies for governmental discounts and educational discounts. Unit prices shall reflect these discounts. bidder warrants that the terms, conditions and price(s) are not less favorable to the university than those extended to any other institutions, comparable universities, teaching hospitals, colleges, and/or community colleges for the same or similar goods or services in similar quantities or scope of work. bidder warrants that prices submitted are complete and include transportation, shipping, packaging, labeling, custom duties, taxes, storage, insurance, boxing and crating.

16. PROMPT PAYMENT DISCOUNTS: Prompt payment discount will not be considered in making an award. If prompt payment discounts are offered by any bidder, however, the issuing office will take advantage of such offer.

17. EXPORT CONTROL LAW COMPLIANCE: The bidder acknowledges that any goods, materials, or services specified in the IFB may be subject to the export control laws of the United States, specifically including, but not limited to, the requirements of the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), 22 C.F.R. 120 et seq., and the Export Administration Regulations, 15 C.F.R.

730-774. bidder shall inform the university of the export classification in its bid. The university may elect not to receive certain export-controlled items.

18. BID PROTEST PROCEDURES: Any bidder or prospective bidder who feels aggrieved concerning the solicitation or award of a contract submit a protest within seven (7) calendar days after the bidder knows or should have known of the facts giving rise to the protest with the issuing office. The protest must clearly be identified as a protest, identify the type and nature of the protest and include the protest relevant solicitation information. Protests will be governed by the procedures set forth in the Commonwealth Procurement Code, 62 Pa.C.S. §§ 101-2311.

Attachment A

Attachment A – Specifications and Requirements

IFB WCU0929261013 - Supplemental Snow Removal Labor Services

Specifications and Requirements

Purpose West Chester University seeks qualified contractors to provide supplemental snow removal labor during the 2026-2027 winter season.

The purpose of this contract is to supplement the University’s Facilities Campus Services workforce during snow and ice events when additional labor is required to maintain safe access to campus. The contractor shall provide qualified personnel to perform manual snow and ice removal activities under the direction of the University’s Facilities Campus Services Manager or designee.

Because winter weather events occur at all times, the contractor must be capable of providing labor support seven (7) days per week, including nights, weekends, holidays, and University closures, throughout the contract period.

The University intends to establish a pool of multiple awarded contractors under this solicitation in order to provide sufficient supplemental labor capacity and operational redundancy during winter weather events. The University may activate one or more awarded contractors for an individual event based on anticipated staffing needs and contractor availability.

Supplemental Nature of Contracted Labor Contracted labor provided under this agreement is intended to supplement, and not replace, the University’s in-house workforce. The University will first offer available snow-related overtime and/or callback opportunities to eligible in-house employees in accordance with applicable University procedures and collective bargaining obligations before activating contractor labor under this agreement.

Contractor labor will be activated when the University determines that additional staffing is necessary after available in-house staffing opportunities have been addressed, or when additional resources are required to safely and timely support snow and ice removal operations.

Staffing Capacity and Multiple Awards The University intends to make multiple awards under this solicitation in order to establish sufficient supplemental labor capacity and operational redundancy for winter weather events.

Each contractor must maintain the capacity to furnish a minimum of ten (10) qualified personnel for a requested deployment. The University anticipates that its total supplemental labor need may range from approximately ten (10) to thirty (30) personnel depending upon storm severity, available University staffing, and operational needs. The University may activate one or more awarded contractors during the same event to meet the required staffing level.

Each contractor shall identify the maximum number of personnel it can reliably provide for a single deployment. Contractors are expected to provide the staffing level accepted by the University when activated and shall not commit personnel to the University that they cannot reasonably expect to provide.

Each deployed crew shall include one (1) working supervisor. The working supervisor may perform manual snow and ice removal activities while also coordinating contractor personnel and serving as the contractor’s primary point of contact with University staff. The working supervisor shall count toward the total number of personnel requested by the University.

For example, a request for ten (10) personnel may consist of nine (9) laborers and one (1) working supervisor. The contractor shall identify in its bid:

• Maximum available workforce per deployment

• Maximum guaranteed response time following dispatch

• Laborer hourly rate

• Working supervisor hourly rate

• Standby/non-dispatch fee

Scope of Services The University will determine when supplemental labor is required and will direct all work assignments. Contractor personnel shall report to the location designated by the University’s Facilities Campus Services manager or designee. The contractor’s working supervisor shall remain responsible for contractor personnel management, attendance, coordination, and communication with University staff.

Services may include, but are not limited to:

• Manual snow shoveling

• Snow and ice removal from sidewalks, pedestrian walkways, and ADA accessible routes

• Clearing building entrances, exits, stairways, ramps, and loading docks

• Ice removal using hand tools

• Application of deicing materials, if directed by the University

The contract is for supplemental manual snow and ice removal labor. Contractor personnel will not be required to operate University-owned powered snow-removal vehicles or equipment under this contract.

The University shall provide hand tools and materials necessary to perform the assigned work, including shovels, ice chippers, and deicing materials. The contractor shall provide transportation necessary for its personnel to report to the University-designated reporting location, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), and the required working supervisor. The University will identify an appropriate reporting/parking location for activated contractor personnel. Contractor personnel will not be required to obtain individual University parking permits for an activated deployment. If movement between campus working locations is required during a deployment, the University and contractor’s working supervisor will coordinate movement based on operational needs.

Dispatch and Response Time The University will activate contractor labor by transmitting a dispatch request to the contractor’s designated point of contact.

The contractor’s guaranteed response time shall begin when the University transmits the dispatch request using the agreed communication method. The dispatch request will identify the number of personnel requested, reporting location, and anticipated reporting time or other applicable deployment instructions.

Contractors shall promptly acknowledge receipt of a dispatch request and advise the University immediately if they are unable to provide the requested personnel.

Once a contractor accepts a deployment, the contractor is responsible for providing the agreed staffing level. If an assigned worker becomes unavailable, the contractor shall promptly notify the University and make reasonable efforts to provide a replacement so the agreed crew strength is maintained.

Standby / Non-Dispatch The University may request that the contractor place personnel on standby in advance of a forecasted winter weather event. A standby request requires the contractor to reserve the requested labor capacity for potential deployment at the direction of the University.

If the University subsequently cancels the deployment before personnel are dispatched, the contractor may charge the Standby / Non-Dispatch Fee submitted with its bid.

The Standby / Non-Dispatch Fee shall be assessed once per contractor per cancelled event, regardless of the number of personnel placed on standby, unless otherwise stated by the University.

The Standby / Non-Dispatch Fee shall not apply when personnel are dispatched and hourly labor charges are incurred.

Once personnel have been dispatched, authorized time worked or required on-site shall be compensated at the applicable contracted hourly rate until the University releases the personnel.

Pricing Laborer and working supervisor hourly rates shall be fully burdened and inclusive of all contractor costs necessary to provide personnel under this contract, including wages, payroll-related costs, insurance, worker’s compensation, benefits, PPE, transportation, supervisor, overhead, and profit.

Bid hourly rates shall apply to all hours worked. No additional premiums or rate adjustments will be permitted for overtime, nights, weekends, holidays, or University closures.

The University will provide the hand tools and deicing materials identified in this Scope of Work. The University does not guarantee any minimum number of deployments, labor hours, personnel hours, or expenditures under this contract.

Personnel Unit of Measure Quoted Price Laborer – Hourly Rate Per Person Per Hour $ Working Supervisor – Hourly Rate Per Person Per Hour $ Standby / Non-Dispatch Fee (Per Event) Per Event $

Other Criteria Unit of Measure Value Maximum Personnel Available for Deployment per Event (Total Available Personnel)

Personnel

Maximum Guaranteed Response Time Following Dispatch (Minutes)

Minutes

Bid Evaluation Scenario For bid evaluation purposes only, the University will calculate an Evaluated Bid Price using the hypothetical winter-season service scenario identified below. The same scenario will be applied to all responsive bids to provide a consistent basis for price comparison.

• Four (4) deployments of ten (10) personnel for eight (8) hours each. Each deployment shall consist of nine (9) laborers and one (1) working supervisor.

• Two (2) Standby / Non-Dispatch events in which the contractor is placed on standby but the deployment is subsequently cancelled before personnel are dispatched.

The Evaluated Bid Price will be calculated by applying the bidder’s submitted Laborer Hourly Rate, Working Supervisor Hourly Rate, and Standby / Non-Dispatch Fee to the quantities above.

The Bid Evaluation Scenario is provided solely for purposes of comparing submitted bids. The quantities identified above are hypothetical and do not represent estimated or guaranteed quantities, anticipated annual usage, or a commitment by the University to purchase any minimum level of service. Actual payment under the resulting contract will be based upon services performed and the applicable contracted rates.