1. Special Project Specifications.pdf

LEECH LAKE ROAD DECOMMISSIONING

Special Project Specifications

Table of Contents

Preface 101 - Terms ̧Format ̧and Definitions

101.01 Meaning of Terms

101.01 Meaning of Terms

101.03 Abbreviations

101.04 Definitions

102 - Bid ̧Award¸ and Execution of Contract Delete Section 102

103 - Scope of Work Delete Subsections 103.02, 103.03, 103.04, 103.05

104 - Control of Work Delete Subsections 104.01, 104.02, 104.04

104.03 Specifications and Drawings

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

106 - Acceptance of Work

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements

106.02 Visual Inspection

106.07 Partial and Final Acceptance

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public

107.02 Protection and Restoration of Property and Landscape

Delete Subsection 107.05

107.08 Sanitation, Health, and Safety

108 - Prosecution and Progress Delete Section 108

109 - Measurement and Payment Delete Subsections 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, 109.09

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions

109.03 Weighing Procedures and Devices

153 - Contractor Quality Control

153.02 Qualifications

153.03 Quality Control Plan

153.07 Records and control charts

153.04 (2) (a) Submittal Log

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts Delete Section 155

157 - Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

157.04 General

201 - Clearing and Grubbing Section 201. — CLEARING AND GRUBBING

203 - Removal of Structures and Obstructions Section 203. — REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

204 - Excavation and Embankment Section 204. — EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT

207 - Earthwork Geotextiles 207.04(c)(1) First layer placement and compaction

208 - Structure Excavation and Backfill for Selected Major Structures

208.07 Dewatering

209 - Structure Excavation and Backfill

209.09 Backfill

211 - Roadway Obliteration 211 – Full Recontour Roadway Obliteration

Description 602 - Culverts and Drains

602.05 Laying Metal Pipe

625 - Turf Establishment

Section 625. — TURF ESTABLISHMENT 705 - Rock

705.02 Riprap. Table 705-1

Preface Preface_wo_02_06_2019

Delete all but the first paragraph and add the following:

The Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture has adopted FP-14 for construction of National Forest System Roads.

101 - Terms¸ Format¸ and Definitions 101.01_National_3_15_2017

Add the following paragraph to Subsection 101.01:

101.01 Meaning of Terms.

Delete all references to the FAR (Federal Acquisition Regulations) in the specifications when incorporating into 2400-6(T) Timber Sale or 2400-13(T) Stewardship contracts.

101.01_National_11_9_2016

Add the following paragraph to Subsection 101.01:

101.01 Meaning of Terms.

Delete all references to the TAR (Transportation Acquisition Regulations) in the specifications.

101.03_National_11_9_2016

Add the following to Subsection 101.03:

101.03 Abbreviations.

(a) Acronyms.

AGAR — Agriculture Acquisition Regulations AFPA — American Forest and Paper Association FSAR — Forest Service Acquisition Regulations MSHA — Mine Safety and Health Administration NESC — National Electrical Safety Code WCLIB — West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

(f) Miscellaneous unit abbreviations.

MP — milepost location ppm — parts per million volume STA station location

101.04_National_9_5_2018

Make the following changes to Subsection 101.04:

101.04 Definitions.

Delete these definitions and replace the following:

Bid Schedule — The Schedule of Items.

Bridge — A structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction such as water along a road, a trail, or a railway and having a deck for carrying traffic or other loads.

Contractor — The individual or legal entity contracting with the Government for performance of prescribed work. In a timber sale contract, the contractor is the “Purchaser”.

Culvert — Any structure with a bottom, regardless of fill depth, depth of invert burial, or presence of horizontal driving surface, or any bottomless (natural channel) structure with footings that will not have wheel loads in direct contact with the top of the structure.

Drawings — (Public Works Contracts) Design sheets or fabrication, erection, or construction details submitted to the CO by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction. Also refers to submissions and submittals.

Notice to Proceed — (Public Works Contracts) Written notice to the Contractor to begin the contract work.

Right-of-Way — A general term denoting (1) the privilege to pass over land in some particular line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or (2) Real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Solicitation—(Public Works Contracts) The complete assembly of documents (whether attached or incorporated by reference) furnished to prospective bidders.

Add the following definitions:

Adjustment in Contract Price — “Equitable adjustment,” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “construction cost adjustment,” as used in the Timber Sale Contract, as applicable.

Change — “Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Forest Service — The United States of America, acting through the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Neat Line — A line defining the proposed or specified limits of an excavation or structure.

Pioneer Road — Temporary construction access built along the route of the project.

Purchaser — The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation contracting with the Government under the terms of a Timber Sale Contract and acting independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Protected Streamcourse — A drainage shown on the plans or timber sale area map that requires designated mitigation measures.

Road Order — An order affecting and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdiction.

Road Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authorities of 36 CFR, part 260.

Shop Drawings — (Timber and Stewardship Contracts) Referred to as “Drawings” in FP-14, include drawings, diagrams, layouts, schematics, descriptive literature, illustrations, lists or tables, performance and test data, and similar materials furnished by Purchaser to explain in detail specific portions of the work required by the contract.

Add Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms:

Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms.

102 - Bid¸ Award¸ and Execution of Contract 102.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Section 102 in its entirety.

Delete Section 102.

103 - Scope of Work 103.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete all of Section 103 except Subsection 103.01 Intent of Contract.

Delete Subsections 103.02, 103.03, 103.04, 103.05.

104 - Control of Work 104.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Subsections 104.01, 104.02, and 104.04.

Delete Subsections 104.01, 104.02, 104.04.

104.03_National_11_4_2016

Delete Subsection 104.03 and replace with the following:

104.03 Specifications and Drawings.

Refer to B(T) 5.211 in the 2400-6(T)) or F(T).2.1.1 in the 2400-13(T) contracts for requirements under this subsection.

104.06_National_11_9_2016

Add the following to Subsection 104.06:

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor.

The Contractor is authorized to use roads under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service for all activities necessary to complete this contract, subject to the limitations and authorizations designated in the Road Order(s) or described in the contract, when such use will not damage the roads or national forest resources, and when traffic can be accommodated safely.

106 - Acceptance of Work 106.01_National_7_18_2017

Delete Subsection 106.01 and replace with the following:

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.246-12 Inspection of Construction.

References to standard test methods of AASHTO, ASTM, GSA, and other recognized standard authorities refer to the methods in effect on the date of solicitation for bids.

Perform all work to the lines, grades, cross-sections, dimensions, and processes or material requirements shown on the plans or specified in the contract.

Incorporate manufactured materials into the work according to the manufacturer’s recommendations or to these specifications, whichever is more strict.

Plan dimensions and contract specification values are the values to be strived for and complied with as the design values from which any deviations are allowed. Perform work and provide material that is uniform in character and reasonably close to the prescribed value or within the specified tolerance range.

The purpose of a tolerance range is to accommodate occasional minor variations from the median zone that are unavoidable for practical reasons.

When standard manufactured items are specified (such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, pipe conduits, etc., that are identified by gauge, unit mass, section dimensions, etc.), the identification will be considered to be nominal masses or dimensions. Unless specific contract tolerances are noted, established manufacturing tolerances will be accepted.

The Government may inspect, sample, or test all work at any time before final acceptance of the project.

When the Government tests work, copies of test reports are furnished to the Contractor upon request.

Government tests may or may not be performed at the work site. If Contractor testing and inspection is verified by the Government, the Contractor’s results may be used by the Government to evaluate work for acceptance. Do not rely on the availability of Government test results for process control.

Acceptable work conforming to the contract will be paid for at the contract unit bid price. Four methods of determining conformity and accepting work are described in Subsections 106.02 to 106.05 inclusive.

The primary method of acceptance is specified in each Section of work. However, work may be rejected at any time it is found by any of the methods not to comply with the contract.

Remove, repair, or replace work that does not conform to the contract, or to prevailing industry standards where no specific contract requirements are noted. Removing, repairing, or replacing work;

providing temporary traffic control; and any other related work to accomplish conformity will be at no cost to the Government.

(a) Disputing Government test results. If the accuracy of Government test results is disputed, promptly inform the CO. If the dispute is unresolved after reasonable steps are taken to resolve the dispute, further evaluation may be obtained by written request. Include a narrative describing the dispute and a proposed resolution protocol that addresses the following:

1. Sampling method;

2. Number of samples;

3. Sample transport;

4. Test procedures;

5. Testing laboratories;

6. Reporting;

7. Estimated time and costs; and

8. Validation process.

If the evaluation requires additional sampling or testing be performed, mutually agree with the Government on witnessing procedures and on sampling and testing by a third party laboratory. Use a third party laboratory accredited by the AASHTO accreditation program. Provide proof of the laboratory’s accreditation for the test procedures to be used. Do not use the same laboratory that produced the disputed Government test results or that produced the test results used as a basis for the dispute.

The CO will review the proposed resolution protocol and may modify it before final approval and execution.

The Government will use the approved resolution protocol test results to determine the validity of the disputed testing. If the Government test results are validated, the Contractor will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolution protocol. If the Government test results are not validated, the Government will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolution protocol. If the validity of the Government test results cannot be determined, the Contractor and Government will equally share all costs associated with developing and carrying out the resolution protocol.

(b) Alternatives to removing and replacing non-conforming work. As an alternative to removal and replacement, the Contractor may submit a written request to:

1. Have the work accepted at a reduced price; or

2. Be given permission to perform corrective measures to bring the work into conformity.

The request must contain supporting rationale and documentation. Include references or data justifying the proposal based on an evaluation of test results, effect on service life, value of material or work, quality, aesthetics, and other tangible engineering basis. The CO will determine disposition of the nonconforming work.

106.02_National_11_9_2016

Delete Subsection 106.02 and replace with the following:

106.02 Visual Inspection.

Acceptance is based on visual inspection of the work for compliance with the specific contract requirements. Use prevailing industry standards in the absence of specific contract requirements or tolerances.

106.07_National_11_1_2016

Delete Subsection 106.07.

106.07 Partial and Final Acceptance.

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public 107.02_National_11_1_2016

Add the following to Subsection 107.02:

107.02 Protection and Restoration of Property and Landscape.

<Include language to clarify or interpret permit or other requirements>.

107.05_National_7_18_2017

Delete Subsection 107.05.

Delete Subsection 107.05.

107.08_National_11_1_2016

Delete Subsection 107.08 and replace with the following:

107.08 Sanitation, Health, and Safety.

Refer to specific provisions under B(T) 6.0 in the 2400-6(T) or G(T).0 in the 2400-13(T) contracts for requirements under this subsection.

108 - Prosecution and Progress 108.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Section 108 in its entirety.

Delete Section 108.

109 - Measurement and Payment 109.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Subsections 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, and 109.09:

Delete Subsections 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, 109.09.

109.02_National_11_9_2016

Add the following sentence to Subsection 109.02(b):

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions.

(b) Contract quantity.

Contract quantities will be adjusted only when there are errors in the original design of 15% or more.

109.03_National_11_1_2016

Add the following to Subsection 109.03(c):

109.03 Weighing Procedures and Devices.

(c) Project weighing system.

For aggregates weighed for payment, adjust scale weights of material to deduct the daily average moisture content in excess of 2 percentage points over optimum moisture as determined by AASHTO T 99 or the designated compaction method. If moisture determination is necessary, determine the daily average moisture content in accordance with AASHTO T 255, from not less than three representative samples of aggregate taken at random intervals each day that aggregate is being weighed.

Manual scales may be used if approved in writing by the CO and if the method of weighing meets all other contract requirements.

153 - Contractor Quality Control 153.02_National_11_1_2016

Delete Subsection 153.02 and replace with the following:

153.02 Qualifications.

Submit the following for approval with the quality control plan:

(a) Quality control manager (QCM). Furnish a QCM who has at least 2 years’ experience in construction, inspector, quality control and material testing on construction projects of similar type and scope.

(b) Testers. Provide testers with at least one year experience in the type of sampling and testing required, and with one of the following for the type of sampling and testing performed:

(1) NICET Level II certification in highway material or equivalent state or industry certification;

(2) Certification by a regional certification program (such as Western Alliance for Quality Transportation Construction (WAQTC), Northeast Transportation Technician Certification Program (NETTCP), Southeast Task Force for Technician Training and Qualification (STFTTQ), or Multi Regional Training and Certification (M-TRAC)); or

(3) At least one year employment by an AASHTO accredited laboratory performing equivalent sampling and testing.

153.03_National_11_1_2016 Add the following paragraph to the end of Subsection 153.03(b):

153.03 Quality Control Plan.

(b) Quality Control Procedures.

Submit written proposals for approval of alternate AASHTO or State approved test methods. Alternate methods may be allowed based on documented equivalence to the specified method.

153.07_National_11_1_2016

Delete Subsection 153.07 and replace with the following:

153.07 Records and control charts.

Maintain complete testing and inspection records by pay item number and make them accessible to the

CO.

153.10_Regional_5_31_2018

Add the following Subsection:

153.04 (2) (a) Submittal Log At a minimum the contractor shall provide project submittals as shown on the Submittal Log below.

Submittal requirements are listed in the Standard Specifications, Supplemental Specifications, and Plans.

Submittal Log

Lo g

No.

Indirect paymen t to Pay

Item(s) Description of Submittal Type of

Submittal

Requirement found in

Specification No.

/Drawings

Additional Specificatio n References

1 <fill in> <fill in> <fill in> <fill in> <fill in>

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts 155.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Section 155 in its entirety.

Delete Section 155.

157 - Soil Erosion and Sediment Control 157.04_National_11_1_2016

Delete Subsection 157.04 and replace with the following:

157.04 General.

Thirty (30) days prior to the start of construction, submit a written plan according to subsection 104.03 with all necessary permits that provides permanent and temporary erosion control measures to minimize erosion and sedimentation during and after construction. Do not begin work until the necessary controls for that particular phase of work have been implemented. Do not modify the type, size, or location of any control without approval.

When erosion control measures are not functioning as intended, take corrective action to eliminate or minimize pollutants in storm water discharges from the project.

201 - Clearing and Grubbing 201.00_Forest_6_3_2018

Delete Section 201 in its entirety and replace with the following.

Section 201. — CLEARING AND GRUBBING Description

201.01 This work consists of clearing and grubbing within the clearing limits designated in the plans.

Material

201.02 Conform to the following Subsection:

Backfill material 704.03

Construction Requirements

201.03 General. Construct erosion control measures according to Section 157. Perform work within designated limits.

Do not damage vegetation designated to remain. If damage occurs, repair or replace the vegetation in an acceptable manner. Where possible, preserve vegetation adjacent to bodies of water. Treat cuts or scarred surfaces of trees and shrubs with tree wound dressing.

201.04 Clearing. Within the clearing limits clear trees, brush, and other vegetation as follows:

(a) Cut trees so they fall within the clearing limits;

(b) In areas of cut slope rounding, cut stumps flush with or below the finished ground line;

(c) In areas outside the excavation, embankment, and slope rounding limits, cut stumps to within 6 inches of the ground; and

(d) Trim tree branches that extend over the road surface and shoulders to attain a clear height of 14 feet. Trim tree limbs as near flush with the trunk as practicable.

201.05 Grubbing. Grub deep enough to remove stumps, roots, buried logs, moss, turf, or other vegetative matter as follows:

(a) Grub areas to be excavated, accept for cut slope rounding areas;

(b) Grub embankment areas. Undisturbed stumps less than 24 inches in diameter may be left in place if they protrude less than 6 inches above the original ground and will be covered with more than 48 inches of embankment. Remove all other stumps;

(c) Grub pits, channel changes, and ditches only to the depth necessary for the excavation;

(d) Backfill stump holes and other grubbing holes with backfill material to the level of the surrounding ground according to Subsection 209.09. Compact backfill according to Subsection 209.10; and

(e) Utilization standards for merchantable timber are listed below. Fall and buck merchantable material into lengths not to exceed 40 feet. Pieces (logs) meet utilization standards when such pieces would have met Utilization Standards if bucking lengths were varied to include such material.

Minimum Utilization Standards Length = 12 feet.

Diameter (Inside Bark) at small end = 9 inches 33-1/3 Net Scale in % Gross for Sawlog

201.06 Disposal. Merchantable timber is Government property. Dispose of clearing and grubbing debris according to Subsection 203.05.

201.07 Acceptance. Clearing and grubbing will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Material for tree wound dressing will be evaluated under Subsection 106.03.

Backfilling and compacting of stumps and grubbing holes will be evaluated under Section 209.

Measurement

201.08 Measure the Section 201 pay items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable:

Do not make deductions from the area computation unless excluded areas are shown on the plans.

Do not measure clearing and grubbing of borrow sources.

Payment

201.09 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 201 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

203 - Removal of Structures and Obstructions 203.00_Forest_5_4_2018

Delete Section 203 in its entirety and replace with the following.

Section 203. — REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS Description

203.01 This work consists of salvaging, removing, and disposing of bridges, structures, culverts, and other obstructions.

Material

203.02 Conform to the following Subsection:

Backfill material 704.03 Construction Requirements

203.03 Salvaging Material. Salvage with reasonable care material designated to be salvaged. Salvage in readily transportable sections or pieces. Replace or repair members, pins, nuts, plates, and related hardware damaged, lost, or destroyed during the salvage operation. Securely attach parts to adjacent members or pack them in sturdy boxes with the contents clearly marked.

Match mark members of salvaged structures. Submit one set of drawings according to Section 104 identifying the members and their respective match marks.

Stockpile salvaged material at a designated area on the project.

203.04 Removing Material.

(a) Submittals. Submit a bridge removal plan at least 7 days before beginning bridge removal for approval. Include the following:

(1) Methods and equipment to be used;

(2) Measures to be used for protecting the environment, public, adjacent property, and workers;

(3) Methods to keep debris out of stream and streambed.

(b) General. Saw cut sidewalks, curbs, pavements, and structures when partial removal is required.

Construct structurally adequate debris shields to contain debris within the construction limits.

Do not allow debris to enter waterways, travel lanes open to public traffic, or areas designated not to be disturbed.

Handle material with lead paint contamination according to Subsection 563.05.

Raze and remove foundations, pavements, culverts, sidewalks, curbs, structures, and other obstructions interfering with the work and not designated to remain.

Remove structures and obstructions in the roadbed to 12 inches below subgrade elevation.

Remove structures and obstructions outside the roadbed to 12 inches below finished ground or to the natural stream bottom.

Except in excavation areas, backfill and compact cavities left by structure removal with backfill material to the lines and grades of the finished ground. Backfill excavated areas according to Subsection 209.09. Compact backfill according to Subsection 209.10.

(c) Concrete removal in repair areas. Saw cut ¾ inch deep along boundaries of repair areas.

Use power driven hand tools to remove existing concrete. Do not damage concrete designated to remain in place.

Where the bond between existing concrete and reinforcing steel is destroyed, remove concrete adjacent to bond to the reinforcing steel to provide at least a ¾ inch clearance for the new concrete to bond to the reinforcing steel. Use care to prevent damage to remaining concrete when achieving the final surface.

Clean exposed concrete surfaces that will be in contact with repair material. Provide a residue free surface.

(d) Reinforcing steel. Do not cut ro damage reinforcing steel designated to remain in place.

Repair or replace damaged bars. Replace deteriorated bars as directed by the CO.

Clean exposed reinforcing steel of coatings or residue that inhibits bonding with the new concrete.

Protect the steel from corrosion and contamination. If the steel becomes corroded or contaminated, reclean the steel before placing concrete.

203.05 Disposing of Material. Dispose of debris, unsuitable material, and excess material as follows:

(a) Remove from project. Recycle or dispose of material legally off the project;

(b) Scattering. Scatter construction slash in designated areas without damaging trees. Place stumps and logs away from trees, positioned so they will not roll, and are not on top of one another. Scatter construction slash to reduce slash concentrations. When scattering for erosion control, place construction slash as flat as practical on the completed slope;

(c) Debris Mat. Use tree limbs, tops, cull logs, split stumps, wood chunks, and other debris to form a mat upon which construction equipment is operated. Place stumps upside down and blend stumps into the mat;

(d) Decking. Deck logs so that logs are piled parallel to one another; can be removed by standard log loading equipment; will not damage standing trees; will not interfere with drainage; and will not roll;

(e) Removal to designated locations. Remove construction slash and debris to designated locations; and

(f) Piling. Pile construction slash in designated areas.

203.06 Acceptance. Removal of structures and obstructions will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Backfilling and compacting of cavities left by structures will be evaluated under Section 209.

Measurement

203.07 Measure the Section 203 pay items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

203.08 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 203 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this

204 - Excavation and Embankment 204.00_Forest_5_30_2018

Delete Section 204 in its entirety and replace with the following.

Section 204. — EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT Description

204.01 This work consists of excavating material and constructing embankments. This work also includes furnishing, hauling, stockpiling, placing, disposing, sloping, shaping, compacting, and finishing earthen and rocky material.

204.02 Definitions.

(a) Excavation. Excavation consists of the following:

(1) Roadway excavation. Material excavated from within the right-of-way or easement areas, except subexcavation covered in Subsection 204.02(a)(2) and structure excavation covered in Sections 208 and 209. Roadway excavation includes all material encountered regardless of its nature or characteristics.

(2) Subexcavation. Material excavated from below subgrade elevation in cut sections or from below the original ground-line in embankment sections. Subexcavation excludes the work required by Subsection 204.05 or 204.06.

(3) Borrow excavation. Material used for embankment construction that is obtained from outside the roadway prism. Borrow excavation includes unclassified borrow, and topping.

(b) Embankment construction. Embankment construction consists of placing and compacting roadway or borrow excavation. This work includes:

(1) Preparing foundation for embankment;

(2) Constructing roadway embankments;

(3) Benching for side-hill embankments;

(4) Constructing dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms; and

(5) Backfilling subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions.

(c) Conserved topsoil. Excavated material conserved from the roadway excavation and embankment foundation areas that is suitable for growth of grass, cover crops, or native vegetation.

(d) Waste. Excess and unsuitable roadway excavation and subexcavation that cannot be used.

Material

204.03 Conform to the following Subsections:

Topping 704.05 Unclassified borrow 704.06 Water 725.01(c)

Construction Requirements

204.04 Preparation for Roadway Excavation and Embankment Construction. Clear the area of vegetation and obstructions according to Sections 201 and 203.

Road pioneering, slash disposal, and grubbing of stumps may proceed concurrently with excavation and embankment. Maintain drainage during pioneering operations.

204.05 Conserved Topsoil. When designated, conserve topsoil from roadway excavation and embankment foundation areas. Stockpile conserved topsoil in low windrows immediately beyond the rounding limits of cut and embankment slopes or in other approved locations. Separate conserved topsoil from other excavated material. When designated, place conserved topsoil on completed slopes according to Section 624.

204.06 Roadway Excavation. Excavate as follows:

(a) Rock cuts. Blast rock according to Section 205. Excavate rock cuts to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below subgrade within the roadbed limits. Backfill to subgrade with topping or other suitable material.

Compact the material according to Subsection 204.11.

(b) Earth cuts. Scarify earth cuts to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below subgrade within the roadbed limits. Compact the scarified material according to Subsection 204.11.

(c) Pioneer Roads. Conduct excavation and placement operations so material to be treated under Section 201 will not be incorporated into the roadway unless specified in the slash treatment method.

Maintain drainage during pioneering operations.

Road pioneering, slash disposal, and grubbing of stumps may proceed concurrently with excavation.

Remove snow and ice in advance of the work and deposit beyond the roadway limits in a manner that will not waste material or generate sediment. Do not incorporate snow and ice into embankments. Place snow or ice in a manner to prevent resource damage.

During pioneering operations prevent undercutting of final excavation slopes.

(d) Drainage Feature. Drainage feature includes construction of all ditches, minor channel changes, drainage dips, catch basins, surface water deflectors, and other minor drainage structures.

Compact the material according to Subsection 204.11. Excavate on a uniform grade between control points.

Do not disturb material and vegetation outside the construction limits. Retrieve material deposited outside the construction limits. Dispose of unsuitable or excess excavation material according to Subsection

204.14. Replace shortage of suitable material caused by premature disposal of roadway excavation.

Shape to drain and compact the work area to a uniform cross-section at the end of each day's operations.

204.07 Subexcavation. Excavate material to the required limits. Dispose of unsuitable material according to Subsection 204.14. Take cross-sections according to Section 152. Backfill subexcavated area with suitable material in horizontal layers not exceeding 12 inches (300 millimeters) in compacted thickness and compact according to Subsection 204.11. Prevent unsuitable material from mixing with suitable backfill material.

204.08 Borrow Excavation. Use suitable roadway excavation in embankment construction. Do not use borrow excavation when it results in excess roadway excavation. Deduct excess borrow excavation from the total borrow excavation quantity.

Obtain borrow source approval according to Subsection 105.02. Develop and restore borrow sources according to Subsections 105.03 and 105.06. Do not excavate beyond the established limits. When applicable, shape the borrow source to permit accurate measurements when excavation is complete.

204.09 Preparing Foundation for Embankment Construction. Prepare foundation for embankment construction as follows:

(a) Embankment over natural ground. Remove topsoil and break up the ground surface to a minimum depth of 6 inches (150 millimeters) by plowing or scarifying. Compact the ground surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(b) Embankments over an existing asphalt, concrete, or gravel road surface. Scarify gravel roads to a minimum depth of 6 inches (150 millimeters). Scarify or pulverize asphalt and concrete roads to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below the pavement. Reduce particles to a maximum size of 6 inches (150 millimeters) and produce a uniform material. Compact the surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(c) Embankment across ground not capable of supporting equipment. Dump successive loads of embankment material in a uniformly distributed layer to construct the lower portion of the embankment. Limit the layer thickness to the minimum depth necessary to support the equipment.

(d) Embankment on an existing slope steeper than 1V:3H. Cut horizontal steps in the existing slope to a sufficient width to accommodate placement and compaction operations and equipment. Step the slope as the embankment is placed and compacted in layers. Begin each step at the intersection of the original ground and the vertical cut of the previous step.

204.10 Embankment Construction. Incorporate only suitable roadway excavation material into the embankment. When the supply of suitable roadway excavation is exhausted, furnish unclassified borrow to complete the embankment. Obtain written approval before beginning construction of embankments over 6 feet (2 meters) high at subgrade centerline. Construct embankments as follows:

(a) General. At the end of each day's operations, shape to drain and compact the embankment surface to a uniform cross-section. Eliminate ruts and low spots that could hold water.

During all stages of construction, route and distribute hauling and leveling equipment over the width and length of each layer of material.

Compact embankment side slopes with a tamping foot roller, by walking with a dozer, or by over-building the fill and then removing excess material to the final slope line. For slopes 1V:1¾H or steeper, compact the slopes as embankment construction progresses.

Operate spreading equipment and loaded hauling equipment over the entire surface of embankment.

(b) Embankment within the roadway prism. Place embankment material in horizontal layers not exceeding 12 inches (300 millimeters) in compacted thickness. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 12-inch (300-millimeter) layers by reducing them in size or placing them individually as required below. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

Material composed predominately of boulders or rock fragments too large for 12-inch (300-millimeter) layers may be placed in layers up to 24 inches (600 millimeters) thick. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 24-inch (600-millimeter) layer by reducing them in size or placing individual rock fragments and boulders greater than 24 inches (600 millimeters) in diameter as follows:

(1) Distribute rock within the embankment to prevent nesting;

(2) Place layers of embankment material around each rock to a depth not greater than that permitted above. Fill voids between rocks; and

(3) Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11(a) before placing the next layer.

(c) Embankment outside of roadway prism. When placing embankment outside the staked roadway prism, place material in horizontal layers not exceeding 24 inches (600 millimeters) in compacted thickness. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11.

204.11 Compaction. Compact the embankment using one of the following methods as specified.

(a) Placement Method 1. Use AASHTO T 27 to determine the quantity of material retained on a No.

4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Compact as follows:

(1) More than 80 percent retained on a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Adjust the moisture content to a level suitable for compaction. Fill the interstices around rock with earth or other fine material as practical. Use compression-type rollers at speeds less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet (1 meter) per second. Compact each layer of material full width with one of the following and until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation:

(a) Four roller passes of a vibratory roller having a minimum dynamic force of 40,000 pounds (180 kilonewtons) impact per vibration and a minimum frequency of 1000 vibrations per minute;

(b) Eight roller passes of a 20-ton (20-metric ton) compression-type roller; or

(c) Eight roller passes of a vibratory roller having a minimum dynamic force of 30,000 pounds (130 kilonewtons) impact per vibration and a minimum frequency of 1000 vibrations per minute.

Increase the compactive effort for layers deeper than 12 inches (300 millimeters) as follows:

• For each additional 6 inches (150 millimeters) or fraction thereof, increase the number of roller passes in Subsection 204.11(a)(1)(a), by four passes; or

• For each additional 6 inches (150 millimeters) or fraction thereof, increase the number of roller passes in Subsection 204.11(a)(1)(b) and (c), by eight passes.

(2) 50 to 80 percent retained on a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Classify the material according to AASHTO M 145. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-1 through A-5 to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-6 and A-7 to within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content. Use AASHTO T 99 to determine the optimum moisture content of the portion of the material passing a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve.

Multiply this number by the percentage of material passing a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve, and add 2 percent to determine the optimum moisture content of the material.

Use nonvibratory rollers at speeds less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet(1 meter) per second. Compact each layer of material full width according to Subsection 204.11(a)(1).

(3) Less than 50 percent retained on a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Classify the material according to AASHTO M 145. For material classified A-1 or A-2-4, determine the maximum density according to AASHTO T 99, Method C.

Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-1 through A-5 to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-6 and A-7 to within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content.

Use compression-type or vibratory rollers. Compact each layer of material full width to at least 95 percent of the maximum density. Determine the in-place density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or other approved test procedures. When required, use AASHTO T 224 to correct for coarse particles.

(b) Placement Method 2. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Fill the interstices around rock with earth or other fine material as practical. Operate roller compaction equipment over the full width of each layer until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation or, if when a sheepsfoot roller is used, the roller “walks out” of the layer. Make at least three complete passes. Use compression-type rollers at speeds less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet (1 meter) per second. Ensure rollers meet the following requirements:

(1) Steel wheeled rollers, other than vibratory, capable of exerting a force of not less than 250 pounds per inch (4.5 kilogram/millimeter) of width of the compression roll or rolls.

(2) Vibratory steel wheeled rollers equipped with amplitude and frequency controls with a minimum dynamic force of 30,000 pounds (130 kilonewtons) impact per vibration, specifically designed to compact the material on which it is used.

(3) Pneumatic-tired rollers with smooth tread tires of equal size that will provide a uniform compacting pressure for the full width of the roller and capable of exerting a ground pressure of at least 80 psi (550 Kilopascals).

(4) Sheepsfoot, tamping, or grid rollers capable of exerting a force of 250 pounds per inch (4.5 kilogram/millimeter) of width of roller drum.

(c) Placement Method 3. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Fill the interstices around rock with earth or other fine material as practical. Operate hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation. Make at least three complete passes.

(d) Placement Method 4. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Fill the interstices around rock with earth or other fine material as practical. Operate hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer.

(e) Placement Method 5. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Compact the complete surface with a bucket of an excavator larger than 39,000 pounds (18 metric ton) Gross Vehicle Weight using a minimum of three blows. Overlap compaction by ½ width of bucket.

(f) Placement Method 6. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Compact using an approved mechanical tamper for a minimum of three complete passes.

When compacting with rollers or hauling and spreading equipment is not practical, use approved mechanical tampers for a minimum of three complete passes.

204.12 Drainage Features. Slope, grade, and shape all drainage features. Remove projecting roots, stumps, rock, or similar matter. Maintain all drainage features in an open condition and without sticks, and other debris.

Form furrow ditches by plowing or using other acceptable methods to produce a continuous furrow. Place excavated material on the downhill side so the bottom of the ditch is approximately 18 inches (450 millimeters) below the crest of the loose material. Clean the ditch using a hand shovel or other suitable method. Shape to provide drainage without overflow.

204.13 Sloping, Shaping, and Finishing. Complete subgrade, slopes, drainage features, culverts, riprap, and other underground minor structures before placing aggregate courses. Slope, shape, and finish to the designated tolerance class as defined in Table 204-2 as follows:

(a) Sloping. Leave earth slopes with uniform roughened surfaces, except as described in Subsection 204.13(b), with no noticeable break as viewed from the road. Except in solid rock, round tops and bottoms of slopes including the slopes of drainage ditches. Round material overlaying solid rock to the extent practical. Scale rock slopes. Slope rounding is not required on tolerance class D through M roads.

If a slide or slipout occurs on a cut or embankment slope, remove or replace the material and repair or restore damage to the work. Bench or key the slope to stabilize the slide. Reshape the cut or embankment slope to an acceptable condition.

(b) Stepped slopes. Where required, construct steps on slopes of 1⅓V:1H to 1V:2H. Construct the steps approximately 18 inches (450 millimeters) high. Blend the steps into natural ground at the end of the cut. If the slope contains non-rippable rock outcrops, blend steps into the rock. Remove loose material found in transitional area. Except for removing large rocks that may fall, scaling stepped slopes is not required.

(c) Shaping. Shape the subgrade to a smooth surface and to the cross-section required. Shape slopes to gradually transition into slope adjustments without noticeable breaks. At the ends of cuts and at intersections of cuts and embankments, adjust slopes in the horizontal and vertical planes to blend into each other or into the natural ground.

(d) Finishing. Ensure that the subgrade is visibly moist during shaping and dressing; smooth and uniform, and shaped to conform to the typical sections. Remove unsuitable material from the roadbed, and replace it with suitable material. Finish roadbeds to the tolerance class shown in table 204-2.

Scarify to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below the bottom of low sections, holes, cracks, or depressions and bring back to grade with suitable material.

Maintain proper ditch drainage.

For surfaced roads, remove material larger than 6 inches (150 millimeters) from the top 6 inches (150 millimeters) of the roadbed.

For unsurfaced roads, use one of the following methods to finish the roadbed:

Method A. Remove material larger than 6 inches (150 millimeters) from the top 6 inches (150 millimeters) of the roadbed and replace with suitable material.

Method B. Use a vibratory grid roller or approved equal with a minimum weight of 10 tons. Roll at least 5 full width passes or until there is no evidence of further consolidation.

Method C. For roads designated as Construction Tolerance Class K, L, or M, finish the roadbed by spreading the excavation. Eliminate the rock berms.

204.14 Disposal of Unsuitable or Excess Material. Dispose of unsuitable or excess material at designated sites or according to Subsection 203.05(a) When there is a pay item for waste, shape and compact the waste material in its final location. Do not mix clearing or other material not subject to payment with the waste material.

204.15 Acceptance. See Table 204-1 for sampling, testing, and acceptance requirements.

Material for embankment and conserved topsoil will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and embankment construction will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Subexcavation will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

204.16 Measure the Section 204 pay items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable:

(a) Roadway excavation. Measure roadway excavation in its original position as follows:

(1) Include the following volumes in roadway excavation:

(a) Roadway prism excavation;

(b) Rock material excavated and removed from below subgrade in cut sections;

(c) Unsuitable material below subgrade and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcavation is not listed in the bid schedule;

(d) Ditches, except furrow ditches measured under a separate pay item;

(e) Conserved topsoil;

(f) Borrow material used in the work when a pay item for borrow is not listed in the bid schedule;

(g) Loose scattered rocks removed and placed as required within the roadway;

(h) Conserved material taken from pre-existing stockpiles and used in Section 204 work, except topsoil measured under 624; and

(i) Slide and slipout material not attributable to the Contractor's method of operation.

(2) Do not include the following in roadway excavation:

(a) Overburden and other spoil material from borrow sources;

(b) Overbreakage from the backslope in rock excavation;

(c) Water or other liquid material;

(d) Material used for purposes other than required;

(e) Roadbed material scarified in place and not removed;

(f) Material excavated when stepping cut slopes;

(g) Material excavated when rounding cut slopes;

(h) Preparing foundations for embankment construction;

(i) Material excavated when benching for embankments;

(j) Slide or slipout material attributable to the Contractor's method of operation;

(k) Conserved material taken from stockpiles constructed at the option of the Contractor;

(l) Material excavated outside the established slope limits; and

(m) Road pioneering for the convenience of the Contractor.

(3) When both roadway excavation and embankment construction pay items are listed in the bid schedule, measure roadway excavation only for the following:

(a) Unsuitable material below subgrade in cuts and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcavation is not listed in the bid schedule;

(b) Slide and slipout material not attributable to the Contractor’s method of operations; and

(c) Drainage ditches, channel changes, and diversion ditches.

(b) Unclassified borrow, and topping. When measuring by the cubic yard (cubic meter) measure in its original position. If borrow excavation is measured by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in-place, take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping overburden. Upon completion of excavation and after the borrow source waste material is returned to the source, retake cross-sections before replacing the overburden. Do not measure borrow excavation until suitable roadway excavation is depleted.

(c) Embankment construction. Measure embankment construction in its final position. Do not make deductions from the embankment construction quantity for the volume of minor structures.

(1) Include the following volumes in embankment construction:

(a) Roadway embankments;

(b) Material used to backfill subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions;

(c) Material used to restore obliterated roadbeds to original contours; and

(d) Material used for dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms.

(2) Do not include the following in embankment construction:

(a) Preparing foundations for embankment construction;

(b) Adjustments for subsidence or settlement of the embankment or of the foundation on which the embankment is placed; and

(c) Material used to round fill slopes.

(d) Rounding cut slopes. If a pay item for slope rounding is included in the bid schedule measure rounding cut slopes horizontally along the centerline of the roadway. If a pay item is not included for slope rounding is not included in the bid schedule payment will be considered indirect to roadway excavation.

(e) Waste. Measure waste by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in its final position. Take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping over-burden. Upon completion of the waste placement, retake cross-sections before replacing overburden.

(f) Slope scaling. Measure slope scaling by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in the hauling vehicle.

(g) Subexcavation. Measure subexcavation by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in its original position.

(h) Drainage features. Measurement includes all excavation, embankment, shaping, and grading necessary for a completed drainage feature.

Payment

204.17 The…