1 - CASR Overview.pdf

#SpaceStartsHere

AUGUST 2024

Commercial Augmentation Space Reserve

(CASR)

SPACE SYSTEMS COMMAND

o Problem: Capacity requirements during crisis/conflict are expected to exceed peacetime steady state requirements o Waiting for a crisis/conflict prior to establishing requirements, contracts, partnerships, & CONOPs/TTPs will waste valuable time o CASR builds framework for guaranteeing access to critical commercial space capabilities during times of crisis or conflict o Includes a peacetime governance model that:

o Includes contractual language ensuring capabilities are available on a moment’s notice using pre-priced agreements o POMs for a funding stream to secure future commercial surge capacity o Builds relationships/partnerships and shares information during peacetime so we know how to integrate/operate together o Crafts CONOPs/TTPs and drills them during wargames/exercises to ensure effectiveness when needed (muscle memory) o Guarantees commercial capabilities are secure, reliable, and available o Surge capacity might include:

o Leveraging commercial capabilities already on orbit; augmenting existing USSF missions with added capacity (aka SATCOM);

reach back into existing production lines to rapidly acquire satellites, payloads, and launch vehicles (TacRS and the like); and other potential concepts

Commercial Augmentation Space Reserve (CASR)

Commercial Opportunities for Space Capabilities

The United States Space Force will take full advantage of the speed and innovation offered by the commercial sector to create strategic advantage and support Combatant Commands

Opportunities for Industry The USSF will work with commercial sector partners to better integrate commercial space solutions into the national security space architecture. The U.S. Space Force Commercial Space Strategy highlights areas, priorities, and approach to commercial integration to provide a demand signal where commercial space solutions best fit.

• Commercial SATCOM

• Narrowband voice and short messages with moderate security currently available

• Wideband in benign environments currently in wide use; trunk lines, short track AISR

• Protected Tactical Waveform on commercial

• Space Domain Awareness

• Commercial capabilities provide persistent, global tracking capabilities; commercial capability use increasing across DoD & IC

• Complementary to DoD STM mission

• Robust multi-mode options (Optical, Radar, RF)

• TacSRT

• 173 commercial constellations

• 800+ satellites with 6,000+ in plan to launch

• Partnership with NRO; Intelligence products;

NRO/NGA/NSA models

• HAD/GLUE AFRL Program

• SWAC Force Design assessing AMTI/GMTI requirements

• SBEM

• Investigating commercial business model for

WxDASS; challenge to close case

• Exploring hybrid government/commercial/international approach

• SAML

• Nascent but growing area led by commercial

• Capabilities sought for commercial integration include: launch services, flexible launch options, in-space servicing, and tactically responsive space capabilities that can be tested with, experimented with, and integrated in future missions.

• Builds on NSSL, interoperability baseline with Allies and partners, and provides sustainability as part of SPAFORGEN to Joint Commands

• Procured today as commercial service per 51 U.S. Code 50131 using Far Part 12 contracts

• Will continue the integration of commercial space solutions into mature mission areas

• Robust commercial market

• Heavy venture capital investment

• Cyberspace Operations

• Provides levels of mission assurance across all segments (ground, link and space)

• Integrate cyber capabilities that further digital force, including making data visible, accessible, understandable, linked, trustworthy, interoperable and secure

• C2

• Leverage commercial service to supplement

Satellite Control Network (SCN) capacity

• Prioritize dynamic technologies (i.e. multi-band)

• Enable the delivery of resilient data management, decision support tools, planning support, and secure global communications to the Joint Force

• (Alt) PNT

• Commercial sources available today can supplement GPS/GNSS and provide operational resilience across the Joint Force and our Allies and Partners

• MGUE Inc. 2 receiver uses commercial GNSS systems (Galileo & QZSS)

CASR Framework Elements

The CASR framework is designed to ensure that the USSF can leverage the capabilities of the commercial space industry to enhance the resilience, capacity, and effectiveness of its national security space architecture. It is flexible and adaptable to evolving technologies, operational requirements, and commercial offerings.

1. CONOPS & Decision Authority - Develop Concept of Operations (CONOPS) and decision authority guidelines. CONOPS will outline how commercial space services will be integrated into national security space missions, including the roles and responsibilities of the COCOMs, USSF, and commercial space companies. Develop decision authority guidelines to ensure that decisions regarding the use of commercial space services are made in a timely and effective manner. These guidelines will clearly identify who has the authority to make decisions related to the application of commercial space services, what criteria they should use to evaluate the suitability of these services, and how these decisions will be communicated to relevant stakeholders.

2. Policy, Regulatory & Legal - Review established policy, regulatory and legal conditions that either enable or hinder the USSF’s ability to leverage commercial space support for national security space missions.

3. Contractual - Review established contractual structures that will enable opportunities for streamlining commercial acquisitions that meet the requirements of national security space missions, to include incentives, clauses, financial risks assessments, surge capabilities, etc.

4. Interoperability & Integration - Ensure that commercial space services can be integrated with existing national security space assets and systems. This will require a common set of protocols, interfaces, and data standards.

CASR Framework Elements

5. Risk Mitigation - Include provisions for identifying and mitigating risks associated with the use of commercial space services. Also, provide a means of assessing the reliability and safety of commercial space services to ensure those services can support national security space missions.

6. Cost-effectiveness & Speed - Ensure commercial space services and incentives are cost-effective and provide value for money, and ensure processes are in place to execute CASR in a combat-relevant timeframe.

7. Commercial Partnerships - Facilitate partnerships between the USSF and commercial space companies to ensure that the needs of both parties are met. Additionally, identify collaboration opportunities throughout the national security space enterprise (COCOMs, Interagency, etc.).

8. Cybersecurity - Include cybersecurity measures to protect from cyber threats.

9. Budget Integration - Identify opportunities for long-term financial costs, provider onboarding, investment for technology maturity, and implications of a fully-integrated CASR services commitment if/when implemented.

CASR Commercial Baseline (Day-to-day Operations & Surge)

• Baseline, plus:

• USG has top priority or exclusive access (specifics vary by mission area and contract)

• USG could execute denial of service

• Potential for USG-backed war risk insurance for services provided, CAL/DAL (TBD)

• Significant info/threat sharing

• US-owned subsidiaries case-by-case

Full CASR Execution

CASR is a contractually managed framework that ensures DoD has access to commercial capabilities throughout the spectrum of conflict

Contract action to surge triggered by regional conflict or significant crisis

Driven by COCOMs, DoD, services, other Gov’t agency requirements

Triggered by war, major conflict, national or international emergency

Directed by President or SECDEF

CASR Framework

CASR END STATE

Spectrum of Conflict

SECDEF Approval

• Provide integrated commercial capabilities in peacetime and exercise/wargame full CASR actions with customer

• Have consideration in best value evaluation continuum for access to COMSO contracts and task orders

• Receive improved info and threat sharing

• CASR Pre-requisites:

• US-owned company, including

FOCI-mitigated US-owned subsidiaries

• Execute pre-negotiated services and pricing for increased commercial capacity/capability

• Varying echelons of support, increasing with threat-based needs or requirements

CASR July 2023 RFI Responses – Continued Work for Task Force

• Overall, very supportive of CASR framework

• Train/prepare for way we intend to fight

• Incorporates lessons learned from Ukraine conflict

• Financial and information sharing opportunities attractive to corporate leadership & shareholders

• Helps to inform IRAD investments

• Financial incentives, war game access, and best value prioritization most desired incentives

• Startups looking for on-ramps, development funding, & access to program offices & other CASR participants

• Requesting indemnification and war-risk insurance – may require statute changes

• Requesting DD-254s and FCLs

• Concern USG cybersecurity processes prevent surging quickly

• Concern deconflicting instructions (Title 10, Title 50) from multiple government agencies during a crisis

• Concern Denial of Service will violate their current contracts and possibly international policies

• Clearer definitions on call-up timeline and triggers, financial compensation and move back to lower levels

• Concern services could be cut off to vulnerable population and first responders during a disaster a Commercial Industry Ready to Support

CASR FY23 - FY25 Milestones

FY23

Feb 23 – Host initial CASR Industry Event Mar 23 – Kickoff CASR Task Force for Framework development Aug 23 – Framework RFI and CASR Industry Day #2 Sep 23 – Present CASR to SecAF for approval

FY24

Nov 23 – OSD Policy industry session on war risk insurance and indemnification Feb 24 – Establish MOA with Space ISAC for threat sharing program with CASR members TBD – Present CASR to SECDEF at SECDEF Issues Meeting May 24 – Draft Incentive Plan complete Jul 24 – Conduct mission area assessment and CONOP development Jul 24 – Request internal SSC UFR funds to execute pilot CASR program Jul 24 – Hire additional CASR team members (civ/mil/ctr) Aug 24 – Deliver CASR surveillance plan, incentive plan, framework, & draft H clauses at CASR Industry Day Sep 24 – Execute initial CASR pilot contract clauses with available funds

FY25

Oct 24 – Establish & execute surveillance and inspection program with CASR pilot companies Nov 24 – Execute Space ISAC threat sharing with pilot companies with available funds Jul 25 – Execute wargames and exercises with pilot companies with available funds Sep 25 – CASR program office staffed to support IOC in FY26a

Way Forward

• Detailed capability roadmaps and implementation plans

• Solidify CONOPS, incentive structure, and risk management plans

• Finalize contractual structure to acquire commercial services – ready to begin NOW

• Need established funding to structure CASR partnerships - FY26 POM submittal

• Finalize establishment of a Commercial Space Integration Program Element

• Align to a working capital fund; allows for responsiveness to the warfighter and onboarding of innovation

• Matures White House and Congressional intent at scale

• SAC-D mark support

• Continue work with PEOs to review operational requirements & define opportunities to leverage commercial/international offerings a Moving out on CASR—Will Continue Partnership with Industry as Build Out Continues