Scorching circumstances: the role of extreme heat in disability among older workers in heat sensitive jobs - over a third of US workers are employed in jobs that involve outdoor exposure or indoor…

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) awarded $441,027 to the Research Foundation of the City University of New York (RFCUNY), doing business as RFCUNY - Baruch College, under the Environmental Health program (CFDA 93.113) effective September 1, 2025, through August 31, 2027. This project grant supports research investigating the role of extreme heat exposure in disability among older workers employed in heat-sensitive occupations. The research will integrate longitudinal survey data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with tract-level extreme heat data and occupational characteristics to assess mid-to-long term health and work disability consequences of heat-sensitive job exposure.

The research project will deliver two primary analytical products: (1) an investigation of whether heat-sensitive work modifies the relationship between extreme heat and health outcomes, including self-rated health, functional limitations, and chronic conditions; and (2) an examination of whether heat-sensitive work influences the link between extreme heat and work disability outcomes, including self-reported work limitations and Supplemental Security Income/Social Security Disability Insurance (SSI/SSDI) claims. The project employs an innovative data integration approach utilizing a life course framework to address a critical knowledge gap regarding occupational heat exposure impacts on an aging workforce, with findings expected to enhance understanding of environmental health disparities across vulnerable worker populations.

Scorching circumstances: the role of extreme heat in disability among older workers in heat sensitive jobs - over a third of US workers are employed in jobs that involve outdoor exposure or indoor conditions without cooling. Extreme heat exposure is linked to increased mortality and adverse health outcomes, disproportionately impacting workers in these occupations. Existing studies have highlighted elevated immediate risks for heat-related health issues (for example, heat stroke) in certain occupations, but little is known about the extent to which work in heat sensitive occupations exacerbates the link between heat exposure and both health and work disability over time or in the context of an aging workforce. These likely important interactions have not been assessed using nationally representative longitudinal data, or across all occupations. Further, no single data set exists linking necessary measures (longitudinal survey data, heat and occupation data, and administrative data) to analyze and document these risks. Adopting a life course framework and offering an innovative data integration approach, this project fills this GAP by assessing the mid-to-long term health and work disability consequences of exposure to heat-sensitive jobs using panel data from the health and retirement study (HRS) linked with multiple sources of tract-level extreme heat data and occupational characteristics. The first aim is to investigate whether heat-sensitive work modifies the link between extreme heat and health outcomes, focusing on self-rated health, functional limitations, and chronic conditions, with analyses controlling for sociodemographic factors. The second aim is to examine whether heat-sensitive work influences the relationship between extreme heat and work disability outcomes, including self-reported work limitation and supplemental security income/social security disability insurance (SSI/SSDI) claims. This research will enhance our understanding of the role of occupational heat exposure in shaping health and disability outcomes over the medium and long term and highlight those at greatest risk. Finally, the third aim is to carefully evaluate competing measures of occupational and heat exposure to shed light on the scientific value of these measures and inform their use in future research and practice. In SUM, the project builds a valuable data infrastructure, informs public health, and guides future research at the nexus of heat, work, and health.