RUI: bridging discovery and transparency -- vector-like quark searches and CMS open data

Bethel University received a $283,845 Project Grant from the National Science Foundation's Division of Physics under the Mathematical and Physical Sciences program (CFDA 47.049) for the period of August 1, 2025 through July 31, 2028. The award supports research focused on discovering physics beyond the Standard Model through vector-like quark (VLQ) pair production searches using the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment dataset at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The primary deliverables include the development of deep machine learning algorithms for identifying and reconstructing hadronic decays of bottom quarks, top quarks, and W, Z, and Higgs bosons as jets with unique internal structures, leveraging image recognition techniques to improve VLQ pair production identification and mass reconstruction capabilities.

The award also funds detector hardware development and upgrade work on the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) for the CMS experiment, including design features and assembly procedures for upgraded silicon sensors scheduled for implementation during the High-Luminosity LHC run in the early 2030s. A key component of the grant involves engaging undergraduate students at Bethel University, Fermilab, and CERN in hands-on CMS data analysis and detector hardware projects, thereby advancing both scientific research objectives and workforce development in high-energy physics.

Abstract

A major scientific achievement of the 20TH century was the development of the standard model of particle physics. The standard model is a successful theory, agreeing with decades of experimental observations involving weak, electromagnetic, and strong interactions. The higgs boson discovery at the large hadron collider (LHC) at cern completes the suite of predicted standard model particles and provides a mechanism for generating elementary particle masses. However, the current formulation of the standard model does not account for the observed value of the higgs boson mass, making discovery of physics beyond the standard model a primary goal of the LHC experiments, including those being carried out in this award involving the compact muon solenoid (CMS). This work will focus on searches for new physics, as well as upgrade developments toward the high granularity calorimeter (hgcal) for the CMS experiment during the high-luminosity LHC run in the early 2030S. This research will also engage undergraduate students in CMS data analysis and detector hardware projects at bethel university, fermilab, and cern. The primary analysis goal is to search for vector-like quark (VLQ) pair production with the record-breaking CMS dataset. Several deep machine learning algorithms will be developed to identify hadronic decays of bottom quarks, top quarks, w, z, and higgs bosons, which are all reconstructed as jets with unique internal structure. With these deep learning techniques, VLQ pair production searches can be dramatically improved to include identification and mass reconstruction. Specifically, this work will use image recognition machine learning techniques to develop jet identification algorithms for HL-LHC studies. Additionally, extensive development will be made on design features and assembly procedures for upgraded silicon sensors to be used in the hgcal. The bethel CMS group will participate in module production tests at fermilab. This award will allow the bethel group to engage with several outreach and education activities, reaching high school students and the general public through tours of detector exhibits and preparing new students and collaborators for CMS analysis via an annual data analysis school and hands-on summer tutorials. The bethel group will also develop inquiry-based open data analysis exercises appropriate for upper-level modern physics courses and/or advanced laboratory courses to be shared with other universities. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.- subawards are not planned for this award.