The purpose of this project is continued assessment and evaluation of coal mine reclamation practices on stream water quality in reforested, drastically disturbed watersheds in central appalachia

The project includes a paired-watershed study where stream water quality of previously reclaimed surface coal mining headwater is compared to that of an adjacent nondisturbed headwater. The two headwaters instrumented to continuously monitor and record meteorological data, water chemistry (e.g. PH, redox potential, dissolved oxygen, etc.), and stream hydrology. Additional water samples are collected periodically for further analyses of water chemical composition (e.g. metal content, alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon, major ions, etc.). Further sampling and monitoring along the creek of the disturbed headwater is carried out to assess both temporal and spatial trends and changes in water quality. Following up on current findings of elevated total dissolved solids and possible remedial effect of in-stream pools, we expend the monitoring areas to include additional sites where pool effect can be evaluated. The program also includes assessment and use of selected forest products (i.e. biochar) to improve soil health and carbon storage. Deliverables and expected outcomes include quantitative hydrological and chemical assessment, modeling, and better understanding of the long-term impact of mining activities and mine reclamation practices on our natural resources, and on the recovery and sustainability of ecosystem services. The project train undergraduate students in designing experimental research, exploratory field work, analytical laboratory skills and data processing analysis and reporting. Project outcomes and results will be communicated to the scientific, professional, and regulatory communities. Intended beneficiaries include local and regional communities, the mining industry, and local and federal government and non-for-profit organization in developing and implementing best management practices to improve and sustain our environment and natural resources.