Evidence has shown that management practices on US lands and waters vary in their compatibility with the provision of different ecosystem services , and that the compatibility varies based on 1) the…

Evidence has shown that management practices on US lands and waters vary in their compatibility with the provision of different ecosystem services , and that the compatibility varies based on 1) the activity; 2) the intensity of the activity; 3) the larger system context; and 4) the ecosystem service outcome of interest. For example, grazing activities can be fully compatible with endangered species in some grasslands, but the same activity can be less compatible with the same outcome in other systems. Experts have synthesized available evidence for marine management activity compatibility with biodiversity outcomes in protected areas , but not for other marine management areas or other marine conservation outcomes (e.g. climate adaptation, equity). There is also no comprehensive synthesis we are aware of for terrestrial or fresh water management activity compatibility with any ecosystem service outcome. This effort will use evidence synthesis and expert opinion to close these knowledge gaps for a subset of activities and conservation outcomes. In particular, the effort will focus on the most dominant land and water management activities in the US, and will relate them to conservation outcomes for biodiversity, climate and equity. There are multiple phases to this work starting with developing the underlying frameworks (matrices) for collating information on the relationship between management activities and desired outcomes (biodiversity, carbon and equity). Once that has been completed and vetted with key agency partners and stakeholders, a rapid and semi-systematic literature review will be conducted to fill in what is known about these relationships.