Sbir phase II: a new class of high-conductivity solid-state composite electrolytes for next-generation lithium batteries

This $1 million cooperative agreement from the National Science Foundation's Engineering program (CFDA 47.041) supports the development of composite solid-state electrolytes for next-generation lithium batteries by Nextgen Battery Technologies, LLC from March 2022 to February 2024.

The award aims to advance rechargeable battery safety and energy density through the creation of non-flammable, high conductivity composite materials that enable lithium ion diffusion along multiple pathways while preventing lithium dendrite growth. Compatible with mixed metal oxide cathodes and lithium metal anodes, these solid electrolytes seek to offset limitations of existing polymer, sulfide and oxide electrolytes when used alone. If successful, the new electrolyte composition could replace flammable liquid electrolytes in lithium ion batteries, reducing fire hazards and thermal management costs while facilitating higher energy density cells.

Abstract

The broader impact/commercial potential of this small business innovative research (SBIR) phase II project is the introduction of non-flammable, easy-to-manufacture solid battery electrolytes that are also compatible with lithium metal. The cell architecture seeks to ensure safety while enabling a significant improvement in the energy density. The teams also seeks to lower the costs of the lithium-ION batteries by eliminating extrinsic costs associated with thermal management and explosion containment. Safe, easy-to-manufacture electrolytes may alter the rate of electrification of the global economy. The next generation of battery powered medical devices, a large proportion of which are manufactured in the united states, may also benefit from the adoption of the new solid electrolyte. In addition, the proposed composite solid electrolyte aims to enable new cell architectures with significantly higher energy densities than what has been possible in liquid electrolyte systems to date. This small business innovation research (SBIR) phase II project will develop a non-flammable, high-conductivity composite, solid-state battery electrolytes that are compatible with mixed metal oxide cathode chemistries and cell manufacturing processes. The morphology of the composite electrolyte is such that IT offsets disadvantages present in polymer electrolytes, as well as inorganic sulfide and oxide solid electrolytes, when they are used as monolithic materials. The unique heterostructures of the proposed solid electrolytes advance the current state-of-the-art by enabling faster diffusion of lithium ions through multiple pathways, while mitigating the growth of lithium dendrites. The electrolyte's nonflammable nature makes IT a potential replacement for conventional liquid electrolytes in reducing fire hazards and reducing the costs of reqired thermal protection systems in lithium-ION batteries. The compatibility with lithium metal presents a unique opportunity for improvement in the energy density over currently used silicon-graphite anodes, that translates to a lower cost per unit of stored energy ($/KWH). An additional advantage is that these batteries do not require special handling and they are compatible with both spiral wound and planar battery form factors. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.