HEAVY LIFT & PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY (HLPT) SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND TRADE STUDY THIS SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND TRADE STUDY SHALL IDENTIFY HOW ALTERNATIVE HEAVY LIFT SYSTEM SOLUTIONS ADDRESS KEY DECISION ATTRIBUTES/FIGURES OF MERIT/MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS, INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING: PROVIDE A RECOMMENDED LIST OF KEY DECISION ATTRIBUTES AND RATIONALE ASSOCIATED WITH EACH. PROVIDE A RECOMMENDATION FOR THE WEIGHTING OF THE RECOMMENDED KEY DECISION ATTRIBUTES. IDENTIFY HOW CHANGES TO THE WEIGHTING OF KEY DECISION ATTRIBUTES AFFECT THE ARCHITECTURES. IDENTIFY HOW ALTERNATIVE GROUND RULES AND ASSUMPTIONS IMPACT THE IDENTIFIED ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM SOLUTIONS. IDENTIFY HOW INNOVATIVE OR NON-TRADITIONAL PROCESSES OR TECHNOLOGIES CAN BE APPLIED TO THE HEAVY LIFT SYSTEMS TO DRAMATICALLY IMPROVE ITS AFFORDABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY. IDENTIFY HOW ASPECTS OF A HEAVY LIFT SYSTEM (INCLUDING STAGES, SUBSYSTEMS, AND MAJOR COMPONENTS) COULD HAVE COMMONALITY WITH OTHER USER APPLICATIONS, INCLUDING NASA, DOD, COMMERCIAL, AND INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS. IDENTIFY HOW INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT TESTING, INCLUDING GROUND AND FLIGHT TESTING, OF HEAVY LIFT SYSTEM ELEMENTS CAN ENHANCE THE HEAVY LIFT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT. IDENTIFY CAPABILITY GAPS ASSOCIATED WITH THE HEAVY LIFT SYSTEM, AND FOR EACH CAPABILITY GAP IDENTIFY SPECIFIC AREAS WHERE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT MAY BE NEEDED. IDENTIFY CAPABILITY GAPS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FIRST-STAGE MAIN ENGINE FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE AND PROGRAMMATIC CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED TO SUPPORT EACH HEAVY LIFT SYSTEM STUDIED. IDENTIFY CAPABILITY GAPS ASSOCIATED WITH THE UPPER-STAGE MAIN ENGINE FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE AND PROGRAMMATIC CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED TO SUPPORT EACH HEAVY LIFT SYSTEM STUDIED. IDENTIFY ANY IMPACTS TO OVERALL LIFE CYCLE COSTS OF THE HEAVY LIFT SYSTEM BASED ON THE ENGINE STUDIED. IDENTIFY CAPABILITY GAPS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL OTHER TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF HEAVY LIFT SYSTEM, E.G. TANKS, PROPELLANT AND PRESSURIZATION SYSTEMS, INTEGRATED SYSTEM HEALTH MANAGEMENT, AUXILIARY PROPULSION SYSTEMS, AVIONICS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, STRUCTURES. IDENTIFY TEST AND INTEGRATED DEMONSTRATIONS TO MITIGATE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THE GAPS. IDENTIFY CAPABILITY GAPS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IN-SPACE SPACE PROPULSION ELEMENTS FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE AND PROGRAMMATIC CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED TO SUPPORT EACH HEAVY LIFT SYSTEM STUDIED. IDENTIFY ANY IMPACTS TO OVERALL LIFE CYCLE COSTS OF THE HEAVY LIFT SYSTEM BASED ON THE ENGINES STUDIED. IDENTIFY CAPABILITY GAPS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL OTHER TECHNICAL ELEMENTS OF THE IN-SPACE SPACE PROPULSION ELEMENT, E.G. TANKS, PROPELLANT AND PRESSURIZATION SYSTEMS, CRYOGENIC FLUID MANAGEMENT, INTEGRATED SYSTEM HEALTH MANAGEMENT, AUXILIARY PROPULSION SYSTEMS, AVIONICS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, STRUCTURES, AUTONOMOUS RENDEZVOUS AND DOCKING. IDENTIFY TEST AND INTEGRATED DEMONSTRATIONS TO MITIGATE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THE GAPS. IDENTIFY WHAT IN-SPACE SPACE PROPULSION ELEMENTS, IF ANY, WHICH SHOULD BE DEMONSTRATED VIA SPACE FLIGHT EXPERIMENTS.