QAPP_Appendix_D_Files.pdf

Field Guide for Environmental Sample Collection at the Massachusetts Military Reservation

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page i

S-1 Dual Rotary Drilling Sampling Procedure

References: MMR Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Tech-066, Ogden Health and Safety Guidelines, ASTM D6051-96(2001) Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities, dated October 31, 1996 & MMR SOP Tech 021.

General:

• Health & Safety

• Fire watch for a minimum of 30 minutes following each welding activity.

• Have an A,B,C type fire extinguisher within useable distance.

• Inspect Equipment according to the heavy equipment/drill rig checklist.

• Minimize exposure to the cyclone, hoses, boom arm on the tender truck, and any overhead hazards while the drilling equipment is in operation.

• The work area should be set up at a minimum of 30 feet from the drill rig. The work area will include a folding table wrapped in poly sheeting (change the poly sheeting for every site). Use duct tape sparingly. Do not let the duct tape touch any deconned sample equipment. It contains volatile compounds.

• At the start of each day, a “Background” PID reading will be collected from location where the worktable is set up. Headspace PID readings of soil cuttings shall be collected for every ten-foot interval. A depth of collection point will be noted on drilling log. The samples will be collected in an 8oz jar and covered with aluminum foil. Set the jar aside for approximately 5-8 minutes. After setting aside the headspace jar, describe the soil lithology from the remaining cuttings. Use both a verbal description (e.g. Wentworth or Burmister) as well as the Unified Soil Classification System and Munsell Color charts to prepare descriptions. Agitate the soil prior to taking the headspace reading.

• Ambient Air Monitoring w/ Data Ram & PID is required every 60 minutes. Results shall be listed on an AMEC Air Surveillance Record Form. If there is a value greater then 2 ppm for the data ram or 25 ppm for the PID, all drilling activities will be suspended and the AMEC Site Health & Safety Coordinator will be notified. Work shall resume as prescribed in the site specific HASP.

• A static water level reading will be taken at the beginning of every day while drilling in the aquifer.

Required Equipment includes, but is not limited to, the following items:

• Radio

• Table and plastic sheeting

• Water level indicator

• Stainless steel bailer with ball valve or flap valve

• Stainless steel bowls

• Field logbook

• Boring log (Page 1 and secondary pages)

• Field Chain of Custody (Drilling)

• Waterproof and permanent marker

• KimWipes

• Trash bags

• Aluminum foil

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 2

• Appropriate decontamination equipment (long handled brushes for inside of bailer, liquinox, DI water, DI water squirt bottles, methanol, two 5-gallon buckets, & purge water containers)

• Sample cooler with ice

• Sample jars, labels, & custody seals

• VOA syringes

• Munsell Soil Color charts

• Grain size charts

• 8-oz headspace jars

• PID and air monitoring forms

• Data Ram

• Nitrile Gloves

• Earplugs

• Hard Hat

• Safety Glasses

• Steel Toe Shoes

• Fire Extinguisher, First Aid Kit

Procedure for Water Sample Collection:

• A stainless steel bailer shall be properly decontaminated according to the MMR SOP S-13, prior to sample collection.

• Note the bailer number on the sample log for every sample collected.

• Drillers and the crew head shall don a fresh pair of nitrile gloves prior to contacting the deconned bailer.

• Collect the volatile sample first if required (Remember – No Headspace).

• Place the proper sample labels on the sample containers, place samples in cooler with bagged

“field” ice.

• Fill out the field COC form with the appropriate sample information.

• Decon the equipment and place on aluminum foil (wrap it for long term storage).

• Disposable Bailers will be used only in special circumstances (e.g. first interval into water table).

If the sample is collected with a disposable bailer, do not use it on more than one sampling interval. Only use white nylon cord.

THE ONLY EQUIPMENT THAT SHOULD TOUCH THE WATER SAMPLE IS THE DECONTAMINATED

STAINLESS STEEL SAMPLING EQUIPMENT. NEVER TOUCH THE SAMPLING MEDIUM WITH

YOUR GLOVE.

Records:

• Field notes shall be recorded in accordance with “Field Logbook” section S-14 on page 25 of this guide.

• Soil descriptions and water sampling profile shall be recorded on the AMEC boring log form.

• Signed Field COCs reflecting physical custody of the profile samples.

• Subcontractor billing sheets will be thoroughly reviewed and signed by the geologist at the end of each day.

• All paperwork (Field logbook copy, Field COCs, Boring Log copy, PID Air Monitoring sheets and billing sheets) will be submitted daily to the Field Operations Manager.

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S-2 Hollow Stem Auger Rig Drilling and Sampling Procedure

Reference: MMR Tech 021, the Ogden Health and Safety Guidelines, ASTM D6051-96(2001) Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities, dated October 31, 1996.

General:

• Health & Safety

• Have an A,B,C type fire extinguisher within useable distance.

• Inspect Equipment according to the heavy equipment/drill rig checklist.

• Minimize exposure to any overhead hazards while the drilling equipment is in operation.

• The work area will be set up at a minimum of 30 feet from the drill rig and should include a folding table wrapped in poly sheeting (change the poly sheeting for every well). Use Duct Tape sparingly (Preferably on the corners underneath the table). Always place the bailer on the poly sheeting, and if deconned on aluminum foil. Do not let the duct tape touch the deconned sample equipment. It contains volatile compounds.

• Ambient Air Monitoring w/ Data Ram & PID required every 60 minutes. List results on Air

Surveillance Record Form. If there is a value greater then 2 ppm for the Data Ram or 25 ppm for the PID, suspend all drilling activities & inform AMEC Health & Safety.

• Soil samples will be collected using a wire-line 140 lb. down-hole hammer and split spoon sampler.

Required Equipment includes, but is not limited to, the following items:

• Table and plastic sheeting

• Water level indicator

• Stainless steel spoons/trowels

• Stainless steel split spoon, split barrel, or continuous sampler

• Stainless steel bowls/pans

• Field logbook

• Boring log (Page 1 and secondary pages)

• Field Chain of Custody (Drilling)

• Waterproof and permanent marker

• KimWipes

• Trash bags

• Aluminum foil

• Appropriate decontamination equipment (long handled brushes for inside of split spoon, liquinox, DI water, DI water squirt bottles, methanol, two 5-gallon buckets, & purge water containers)

• Sample cooler with ice

• Sample jars, labels, & custody seals

• VOA syringes

• Munsell Soil Color charts

• Grain size charts

• 8-oz headspace jars

• PID and air monitoring forms

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 4

• Data Ram

• Nitrile Gloves

• Earplugs

• Hard Hat

• Safety Glasses

• Steel Toe Shoes

• Fire Extinguisher, First Aid Kit

Soil Sampling Procedure:

• The equipment shall be deconned prior to any sample collection according to the “Sampling Equipment Decon Procedure”, SOP S-13 of this Field Guide. Do not use Pressure Sprayers for DI decon rinse; use the squirt bottles.

AN EQUIPMENT RINSATE MUST BE COLLECTED DAILY FROM THE SPLIT SPOON.

• Take headspaces of soil cuttings at every interval. Note on AMEC boring log. (At the start of each day take a “Background” PID reading from location where your worktable is set up). The samples will be collected in a 8oz jar and covered with aluminum foil. Set the jar aside for approximately 5-8 minutes. After setting aside the headspace jar, describe the soil lithology from the remaining cuttings. Use both a verbal description (e.g. Wentworth or Burmister) as well as the Unified Soil Classification System and Munsell Color charts to prepare descriptions. Agitate the soil prior to taking the headspace reading.

• If a soil PID hit results in a value greater then the background a volatile sample must be collected.

Sample collection shall be performed utilizing a clean, decontaminated split spoon.

• Soil samples will be collected as near the original depth of the PID hit as possible. VOC samples will be collected utilizing EPA method 5035 (sterile poly syringe). Sample volume shall be no less than 5 ml, placed into a pre-weighed 40 ml VOA vial, containing a Sodium Bisulfate preservative.

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 5

S-3 Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedure

Reference: MMRTech-015, the Ogden Health and Safety Guidelines, NGB guidelines, the EPA Low Stress (low flow) Purging and Sampling Procedure for the Collection of Ground Water Samples from Monitoring Wells (GW-0001, 7/30/96).

General

The purpose of well purging is to obtain a representative water sample from the geologic formation being sampled with a minimum of disturbance to the water column.

Equipment

• YSI 650 and Sonde

• Tygon Tubing

• Nitrogen Tanks

• Valve assembly, -hose & feed hose

• Well Wizard Pump Controller (w/ 8 extra AA batteries)

• Turbidity Meter (w/ extra 9 volt battery)

• Colorimetric D.O. w/ extra ampules

• Water Level Indicator

• 1000 ml Graduated Cylinder & Stopwatch

• Baggies

• Trash Bags

• Purge water Containers with Caps

• Kimwipes

• 0.45 micron in-line water filter (for metals samples w/ turbidity >30 NTUs)

• Sample Containers

• Cooler w/ Ice

• Custody Seals

• Sample Labels

• Well Keys, Gate Keys

• Tools: Utility Knife, 9/16 wrench, socket set, adjustable wrenches (2), screw driver

• Well Construction Form (new wells)

• Sample Logs

• Field Logbook

• Sharpies

• Liquinox

• Large brush (external decon),

• Three 5-gallon buckets

• DI Water

• DI squirt bottle

• Methanol squirt bottle

• Nitrile Gloves

• Safety Glasses

• Steel Toes Shoes

• Fire Extinguisher

• First Aid Kit

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 6

Non-Dedicated Sampling

• Pump (ALWAYS place in PVC Tubing or original case, wrapped in plastic, when not in use)

• Tubing dedicated to the well

• Quick Connect Tube Fitting

• Cable & Shackling

• Tie Wraps / Cable Ties

• Brush Clippers

• Mobile Decon Station(non-dedicated use only)

Equipment Usage

Non-dedicated Pumps

• A daily Equipment Rinsate (ER) shall be taken for each matrix and method being performed.

• Change bladders on a monthly basis.

• Decon shall be performed following pump extraction from each well that has been sampled. The

Mobile Decon Station procedure is as follows:

Tube 1

1. Mix a cap full or less of liquinox in tube filled with DI water, insert pump and pump 1 full tube volume through pump.

2. Remove pump and rinse outside of pump with DI squirt bottle to remove residual liquinox.

Tube 2

1. Fill tube with DI water, insert pump and pump 1 full tube volume through the pump.

2. Remove pump and squirt methanol over the outside.

3. Rinse outside of pump including the screen with DI water in a squirt bottle.

4. Rinse interior of pump by pouring one full DI squirt bottle through the center of the pump.

5. Air Dry

Tube 3 Equipment rinsate only - If required, fill tube with DI water and pump into appropriate sample containers.

Note: All decon water will be collected in waste purge containers directly or transferred to one using a 5 gallon bucket and a funnel.

• Wipe the non-dedicated tubing and support wire with a Kimwipe saturated in DI water upon removal from the well to remove all dirt and debris. If the support wire requires it, wipe it down with a Kimwipe and methanol.

• Connect air hose to dedicated tubing and blow out excess water into a purge container before placing into the storage bag labeled with well ID, date and sampler’s name.

Dedicated Pumps

• An ER is not required daily for groundwater samples collected with a dedicated pump. The associated ER was collected prior to the pump installation.

• Clean the plastic fittings prior to the attachment of the Well Wizard tubing to assure a good tight seal. Use DI Water if the fittings need to be rinsed.

• Remove the water stickup line and install water port.

• Attach valve assembly to Nitrogen tank. Adjust brass valve on the nitrogen tank so it reads 120 psi. Pressure higher then 120 psi will cause the well control box to release air.

• Attach nitrogen tank airline to valve inlet port on the “Well Wizard” control box.

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• Attach air feed line to control box outlet port, and to the wellhead fitting with a flush nut.

• Assemble YSI; attach flow-through-cell to purge water line using tygon tubing. Place out-flow

(tygon tube) of YSI into purge container.

• Set control box parameters as follows:

• Approximately 1 psi of pressure is required to raise 2’ of water from pump depth (Note the 2 scales on the pressure knob).

• Wells deeper then 200’ require the use of a drop tube. The pumps for these wells are set no deeper then 200’. (Note: Too much pressure will break the bladder in the pump, causing air and water to discharge at rate greater then the maximum low flow rate of 400 ml per minute).

• Set the initial discharge time at 10 seconds and the refill time at 20 seconds. Adjust as required;

however, always try to keep the sum of the two values equal to 30 seconds or 60 seconds to make the flow calculations easier. Deeper wells will refill quicker (15-20 seconds) and the shallower wells will need more time (25-30 seconds). Also note that long discharge times can completely squeeze the bladder, causing undue stress to the bladder possibly resulting in breakage.

• The Well Wizard batteries need to be replaced at 50% usage.

Low-flow Procedure

• Check the well to verify it has not been tampered with.

• Water level readings shall be measured prior to and during well purging activities from the port at the top of the dedicated well cap or the PVC riser (there should be an indelible mark on the top the PVC).

• The well shall be purged according to EPA guidelines GW-0001 Low Stress (low flow) Purging and Sampling;

• All sample collection activities require that they be performed on polyethylene sheeting or in HDPE tubs. Place the tubing end over the tub to prevent any groundwater from contaminating the surrounding soil and all empty bottles shall be placed on the poly sheeting or in the tub.

• Flow Rate should be between 100 ml and 400 ml per minute.

• Collect and record colorimetric DO ampule readings after sampling all of the groundwater parameters. Colorimetric DO readings are required for every well.

• Parameter readings - should be taken every 10 minutes. Once the parameters start to stabilize take readings every 5 minutes. Parameters are stable when 3 consecutive readings are within the ranges indicated on the field form for all parameters listed.

• Turbidity readings – do not let the vial sit prior to taking a reading. Once the vial has been filled, take a reading. If the vial sits and the suspended solids have settled on the bottom this is not a viable reading.

• Turbidity readings less than 1 NTU do not have to be within 10% of each other.

• Prior to filling sample containers, confirm EPA and AMEC ID with ID recorded in logbook.

Sampling can now begin.

• Collect volatile samples 1st (VOCs / EDB / MTBE / VPHs) if they are requested.

• Sample collection for Metals/ILM04.1 w/ turbidity readings greater than 30 NTU require the use the QED (0.45 micron) inline filter. Purge approximately 500-1000 ml prior to the collection of the sample. This sample will be collected in addition to an un-filtered metal/ILM04.1 analysis.

• If all conditions have not stabilized within 4-hours, contact the field office.

• Do not run the vehicle while sampling. Turn vehicle off at least five minutes prior to sampling. If a vehicle is running, it must be at least 30’ from the sampling point (downwind if possible).

• Do not touch the sample aliquot with the nitrile gloves.

• On sample labels, always list the date as Month -Day- Year. Initial and date sample labels and custody seals then affix to sample bottles

• Properly dispose of purge water in the GAC holding tanks located with the Well Development

Unit at West Truck Road.

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 9

S-5 Storm Water, Surface Water, & Sediment Sampling Procedures

Reference: MMR SOP’s, the Ogden Health and Safety Guidelines, and the EPA Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities (10/31/96).

Storm Water and Surface Water Sampling:

• If storm/surface water exists, ponds and swamp surface water shall be collected prior to sediment sampling;

• The sampler will enter the water downstream from the sample point and only if necessary;

• The sample shall be collected by submerging the sample containers - containers with preservative will be filled using a decontaminated stainless steel or glass transfer container;

• The sample will be submitted for the analyses as requested in the work plan.

Sediment Sampling:

• A 0-6” sediment sample will be collected with a decontaminated trowel (see section S-13 for decon procedure) from the same location(s) as the storm/surface water sample;

• The VOC sample shall be taken directly from the trowel prior to homogenization per method 5035 requirements (see soil grid sampling section S-6 for correct volatile sampling protocol).

• The remaining sediment will be placed in a decontaminated bowl and homogenized. The homogenized sample shall be distributed to the appropriate sample containers.

Contingencies:

• If there is no surface water in the pond/swamp, then the sediment sample shall be taken from a location designated in the appropriate work plan document.

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S-6 Soil Grid Sampling Procedure

Reference: MMR Tech-021 (see section 4.2 of the Action Plan), the AMEC Health and Safety Guidelines, the EPA Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities (10/31/96), Final FSP Gun and Mortar Positions (02/09/98), Final FSP Remaining CIA Targets (02/22/02).

General

Soil Sampling Grids

All grid locations shall be marked for UXO avoidance or UXO personnel shall accompany the sampling crew. If grids are marked for UXO, flagged magnetic anomalies will be avoided. Field personnel can move sample nodes if magnetic anomalies are detected, but note the reason and new grid dimensions on the field sheet and in the logbook. Sampling grid positions are shown in the figures that are included in the respective Field Sampling Plans.

• 5-Point Grid sampling: Each grid will consist of 5 sampling points (nodes) spaced approximately

7.8 feet from center sampling node (#3), in a “Z” pattern. Corner nodes will form an 11’x11’ “Z”-shape. The four outside nodes should be oriented in NW (#1), NE (#2), Center (#3), SW (#4), and SE (#5). The sample grid is approximately 22.3’ X 22.3’ to avoid the overlapping of sample nodes. The grid layout is illustrated in the Soil Sampling Field Data Sheet.

• 9-Point Grid sampling: Each grid will consist of 9 sampling points spaced approximately 10 feet apart. The grid will be 30’ x 30’. The nodes are laid out in three rows numbered from 1 to 9 starting in the northwest corner, going top row from west to east, middle row from east to west and so on. The grid layout is illustrated in the Soil Sampling Field Data Sheet.

• Ring Grid sampling: Each grid will consist of an inner ring and an outer ring. The inner ring radius (A) is 15 feet for tanks and 10 feet for Buoys / APCs from the center point. The outer ring radius (B) is 20-25 feet from the target (this may vary for specific sampling plans). See the project specific sampling plan or work plan for details . Each ring will consist of 8, evenly distributed, sampling nodes. Nodes will be numbered 1-8 starting at #1 from the north and continuing clockwise.

• Linear Grid Sampling: Each grid will consist of 5 points spaced 10 feet apart, with nodes at the start and end of the grid.

Soil Sample Identification

Soil samples will be uniquely identified with a sample ID that contains a reference to the sample location and the sample depth. The following is an example of the sample ID:

HC###A1AAA

The sample ID is broken down in the following example, to describe each of the components:

HC – ### – AAA - 1 - AA - A

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 11

HC Indicates that the sample being collected is a hand auger composite sample (HD is used for hand auger discrete samples)

### Indicates the Area from which the sample was collected AAA Up to 3 letters, each letter indicates a sub-grid location for square grids, or for rings, the first two letters indicate the sub-grid locations and the third letter indicates the ring distance (A is the innermost ring, B is the next outer ring, etc.)

1 Denotes subsample location = 1 for composite sample. For square grids or rings with discrete samples, 1 is the north subsample, 2 is the northeast subsample, 3 is the east subsample, etc (see Figure 1).

AA Indicates the depth from which the sample was collected where “AA” is the first depth (0-6 inches bgs), and “BA” is the second depth (18-24 inches bgs) *

A Indicates the type of sample:

A Original Sample D Duplicate Sample E Equipment Rinsate F Field Blank T Trip Blank

For example, HC090A1AAA is a hand auger composite sample for area 090 grid A.

* The specific depth for each sampling zone may vary with individual field sampling plans. For example the zones could be “AA” = (0-3 inches bgs), “BA” = (3-6 inches bgs), and “CA” = (6-12 inches bgs)

Note the following sample identification differences below. Based on the respective sampling plan one of these two sample schemes may apply. Review the sampling plan for the applicable sample ID nomenclature, which applies, to the sampling area.

Sample ID Depth Depth A 0-3” 0-6” B 3-6” 18-24” C 6-12” N/A

• Hand auger

• Stainless Steel bowl and spoon

• Buckets

• Liquinox

• Scrub brush

• DI jug

• DI squirt bottle

• Methanol squirt bottle

• Aluminum foil

• Plastic Sheeting

• Blank grid sheets

• Logbook and sharpies

• Plastic baggies

• Trash bags

• Sample containers

• Disposable syringes for volatiles

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 12

• Cooler with ice

• Nitrile gloves

• Munsell chart

• Labels

• Custody seals

• Tape measure (50 foot minimum)

• Stakes

• Flagging

• Calibrated PID (for Headspace Screening only)

• Kimwipes

• Radio

• Safety Glasses

• Steel toe boots

• Fire extinguisher

• First aid kit

Hand Auger Soil Sampling Procedure

Headspace Screening: If the sampling plan requires the collection of headspace samples, first establish a background for the area. Fill an 8-oz jar ½ way, cover the sample jar with aluminum foil, and let sit for approximately 5-8 minutes. Agitate the sample jar during this period to release potential volatiles. Insert the calibrated PID through the aluminum foil cover, and note the reading on the soil sampling form.

Volatile Samples: All volatile samples shall be collected using EPA Method 5035, which requires sample collection with a disposable poly syringe. Only one volatile sample will be collected per grid depth, if required by the sampling plan, or if readings above background are present. However, the J-2 workplan specifies a volatile sample will be collected for every headspace reading above background (The action level for VOC collection is set daily in accordance with that day’s background measurement). The sample will be collected from the grid node with the highest PID reading, or if all headspace readings are equal (e.g. zero) then it will be collected from the center (default) node (#3 on the 5-point grid). After the sampling node has been determined, a new hole will be augered adjacent to it to the specified depth.

Insert the syringe into the soil to between the 4 and 5-ml mark on the syringe; then extrude the sampled soil into the sodium bisulfate VOC Vial. If the sampler cannot hand-auger a new hole, then the sample can be collected from the existing hole by inserting the syringe into the soil up to the 10-ml mark, extruding the 1st half into sodium bisulfate VOC Vial, and disposing of the 2nd half.

• Do not cover the septum (white plastic) on the lid of the 40-ml VOC Vial with the custody seals.

Wrap the custody seal horizontally around the vial lid.

• Do not cover the hand written tare weight values on the Sodium Bisulfate VOCs.

• Do not touch the soil with the nitrile gloves. The soil should only come into contact with the stainless steel sampling equipment (auger, bowl, & spoon) or the volatile sampling syringe. DO NOT use your gloves to pack down the soil in the jars, use the stainless steel spoon if it is necessary.

• Do not write on VOC vial septa.

Percent Moisture: One additional 40-ml un-preserved VOC vial will be collected for every grid, at every depth. If a discrete sample is collected, use that location (if multiple discrete samples are collected at one sample depth, only One %M vial is required). If a composite is the only sample collected, collect the %M sample from the soil in the bowl.

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 13

Composite Samples:

• An equal amount of soil from each node shall be mixed thoroughly to produce any composites.

Note: Duplicates and MS/MSDs shall be taken from the same soil mixture. Duplicate and MS/MSD VOCs will be collected from native undisturbed soil.

Equipment Decon: Scrape or wipe off equipment (spoons, bowls, and hand augers) of visible contamination, scrub with liquinox/DI mix, rinse with DI, rinse with methanol, perform final DI rinse, let air-dry. Perform a visual inspection of the equipment to verify all of the soil has been removed. If it has not been thoroughly deconned, re-decon the equipment. Cover in aluminum foil when not in use.

Soil Cuttings Sampling Procedure

Collect a sample from the drill cuttings. This sample will be labeled as SCXXX01 (XXX = Well number).

Background samples are not collected.

Equipment rinsates and field blanks are not required for drill cutting samples.

Check with field manager prior to any sample collection. Samples in the impact area and on base are collected for Explosives / 8330 (Verify with the field office prior to sampling). Samples in the Bourne area are also collected for perchlorate.

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 14

S-7 Well Development Procedure

Reference: MMR Tech-004, the Ogden Health and Safety Guidelines.

General

The objective of monitoring well development is to remove the finer grained materials from the surrounding filter pack that may otherwise interfere with water quality analyses, restore the aquifer properties disturbed during the drilling process, improve the hydraulic characteristics of the filter pack and hydraulic communication between the well and the hydrologic unit adjacent to the well screen, and remove all water introduced into the borehole while drilling.

Types of Well Development Pumps:

• Wattera/Reciprocating pump: A reciprocating check valve pulls the water column upward on up-stroke, ball valve opens on down-stroke. This method is useful for wells with a water level less then 150’ from the surface. It is a poor application for deep wells (too much water head on ball valve prevents ball from opening) and wells with long water columns (water friction absorbs reciprocating action of tubing. Ensure the pump is at least 2' off the bottom of the well, tubing is clamped tight to motor unit, and ball valve is loose and unobstructed.

• Air lift/Evac Pump: Air pressure entrains water in pump head and jets it upward. The pump is very hard to plug and is good for wells with a long water column. Column height to well depth ratio must be at least 1:3 ratio. (Need at least 50' of water in a 150' well). This is a poor application for wells with a small water column. Make sure to surge the well often. EVAC pump only: Surge the pump at standard time interval prior to the well parameter reading.

Allow enough time to ensure the reading will be collected from the disturbed sediment, which has been suspended.

• Arch Pump: An On/Off cycle of air pressure pushes slugs of water upward. This can be used on all types of wells, and slow recharging wells; however, it can be slow and more tedious. Make sure to surge the well often.

• Grunfos Pump: The pump is best used on groundwater that has turbidity less than 100

NTUs. It is an impeller pump that is electrically operated and tends to clog up with fine sands, but is good for removing large volumes of water. (Because the turbidity is below 100 when this is used, surging is not required.) We do not regularly use this type of pump for well development.

• YSI 63

• Turbidimeter

• Water Level Indicator

• Extra AA and 9V batteries

• 9/16” wrench

• 1-gallon flow rate jug

• Well keys

• Sample collection cup

• Kimwipes

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• Well construction data

• Development logs

• Sharpies

• Hard Hat

• Nitrile Gloves

• Safety Glasses

• Steel toe boots

• Ear plugs

• Fire extinguisher

• First aid kit

Monitoring Well Development Procedure

• Obtain static ground water level and total depth of the well from top of PVC casing.

• Sound the well with a weighted tape to get a total depth.

• Mark the location where the water level was taken on the well casing. Write the well depth &

ID on the PVC riser.

• Well labeling shall be completed according to the well construction diagrams (where XXX = the well number):

• Any well screened at the water table will be labeled as MW-XXXS.

• The well labeled as MW-XXXM3 will be above M2, but below the Shallow (S).

• The well labeled as MW-XXXM2 will be above M1.

• The well labeled as MW-XXXM1 will be above the bedrock well.

• Any well set at bedrock will be labeled as MW-XXXD.

• A minimum of 10 well volumes will be removed from the well before it can be called developed.

• Parameter’s shall be recorded every 20-minutes.

• Measurements shall be taken for Turbidity, pH, Specific Conductivity, and Temperature.

• Well development will be continued until the required well volume is removed and the well water parameters have stabilized according to the following conditions over three consecutive readings at a pumping rate no less than the pumping rate used for sampling (approximately

0.3 gpm):

• The development water is clearer than 5 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU),

• temperature is within ± 1ºC,

• pH is within ± 0.1 pH units,

• specific electrical conductivity is within ± 5%

• Take a final water level reading after the well has been developed.

• GAC Samples: See GAC Sample Section S-10.

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S-8 BIP Sampling Procedure

Reference: Ogden Health and Safety Guidelines, Final Revised BIP Field Sampling and Excavation Plan (09/09/02) & Draft Supplemental Soil Sampling/Response Actions for Open Detonations at CS-19, Demo 1, and Turpentine Road (05/17/00).

Equipment

Refer to Soil Grid Sampling Procedure section S-6.

BIP Crater Sampling:

• Soil Sampling shall occur within 72 hours of detonation (or sooner if rain is predicted)

• A 5-point sampling grid will be established within the blast crater.

• A composite sample shall be collected from a mixture of the 5 sampling nodes at 0-3 inches.

• A single discrete sample at 0-3 inches shall also be collected from the center node and beneath any un-detonated explosive fragments.

• If a distinguishable crater is not formed, then a single sample will be collected.

• The sample ID’s will be assigned according to sample type, incident ID# and item number.

• (Example: HDAMMDDYYI#AA: HD:Hand-auger Discrete; A: AMEC; MM – Numerical Month; DD

Numerical Day; YY: Numerical Year; I#: Item number; A – place holder; A - Sample Type, A,E,D,F,T (see SOP S-16; ExampleHDA09210101AA)).

• Per BIP Field Sampling and Excavation Plan, BIP samples will collected for the following parameters:

• Discrete Samples:

Explosives 8330, Semivolatiles 8270, Metals ILM04.1, and if warranted Perchlorate and PCNs.

• Composite Samples:

Explosives 8330, Semivolatiles 8270, Metals ILM04.1, and if warranted Perchlorate and PCNs.

Note : Additional analytes may be required depending on item constituents.

• An equipment rinsate is required.

Supplemental Surface Soil Sampling for BIP Craters:

• Conduct a UXO survey prior to sampling activities.

• Eight discrete samples shall be collected from 0-2” in the form of an “X.” The center of the X is the middle the BIP crater.

• The inner sampling grid (nodes #1-#4) is 10-foot by 10-foot, and the outer grid (nodes #5-#8) is

20-feet by 20-feet. Nodes #1 & #5 are NW of the center the BIP Crater, nodes #2 & # 6 to the NE, nodes #3 & #7 are to the SE, and nodes #4 & #8 are located to the SW.

• The sample IDs should be labeled as follows: Delete the last 2 A’s from the associated BIP Crater ID and replace with SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4, SS5, SS6, SS7, SS8. (Example HDA09210101SS1)

• The samples will be submitted for analytes deemed necessary according to the most current BIP sampling plan.

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 17

Post – Excavation BIP Crater Sampling:

• Three discrete samples (from 0-3”) shall be collected from the excavation. The grid size will be determined according to detects from the initial supplemental sampling; the sampling nodes are 2’ apart.

• Make a diagram of the location in the field logbook. Note the sample locations, measurements of the excavation, and any other applicable information.

• The sample IDs should be labeled as follows: Delete the last 2 A’s from the associated BIP crater ID, and replace with PE1, PE2, & PE3. (Example HDA09210101PE1)

• The samples will be analyzed for parameters specified in the supplemental sampling list provided by the Westford Office.

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 19

S-12 Instrument Calibration Procedures

YSI 650MDS Calibration and Maintenance

a) 2-point pH Calibration (pH 4 & pH 7)

• Rinse with DI & dry probe between usage of the pH4 and pH7 standards

• Allow plenty of time for reading to stabilize

• Make sure glass bulb on probe is clean

• Rinse probe in DI water

b) Specific Conductivity Probe

• Record all values in microsiemens per centimeter (it takes into account the water temperature)

• Make sure probe is submerged sufficiently

• Make sure limits are consistent (mS/cm = millisiemens per centimeter;

µS/cm = microsiemens per centimeter;

1 mS/cm = 1000 µS/cm)

• Rinse probe in DI water, dry off probe

c) Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.) Calibration and Maintenance

• The YSI 650MDS provides the barometric pressure automatically.

• Make sure the D.O. calibration container is wet inside

• Insert the YSI probe & cover with hand (to build up humidity)

• Calibrate Meter to %D.O. Record readings in percentages.

• Make sure probe stays moist when not in use.

• Change membrane once a week. Make sure membrane does not have a bubble in it prior to calibration; otherwise, you will receive elevated DO values.

• Rinse probe in D.I. water, dry off probe

d) Oxidation-Reduction Potential (O.R.P) 90 Std.

• 1-point calibration required for the O.R.P 90; however, the 650MDS will try to attempt a 2nd calibration point.

• Quinhydrone calibration standard

• Mixed with the pH7 results in an ORP standard value of 90. * Always use this mixture.

(Mixed with the pH4 results in an ORP standard value of 260)

• Rinse Probe in D.I. water, dry off probe

e) Temperature

• Insert the YSI thermometer probe into a separate container marked “YSI Daily Temp (DI only)”. Record value on log.

f) Post Calibration: At the end of the day follow pre-use calibration procedures and record the following values in your field logbook.

pH pH O.R.P D.O. Cond Turbidity

4.00 7.00 90 100% 1000 uS/cm 0.00 10.0 Post Calibration Reading

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 20

YSI 63 Calibration

g) 2-point pH Calibration (pH 4 & pH 7)

• Rinse & dry probe between the pH4 and pH7 standards

• Allow plenty of time for reading to stabilize,

• Make sure glass bulb on probe is clean

• Rinse probe in D.I water

h) Specific Conductivity Probe

• Record all values in Specific Conductivity (it takes into account the water temperature)

• Make sure probe is submerged sufficiently

• Make sure limits are consistent (mS/cm = millisiemens per centimeter;

µS/cm = microsiemens per centimeter;

1 mS/cm = 1000 µS/cm)

• Rinse probe in D.I. water, dry off probe

i) Temperature

• Insert the YSI thermometer probe into a separate container marked “YSI Daily Temp (DI only)”. Record value on log.

Lamont 2020 Turbidimeter Calibration

• Press the “READ” button to turn on the turbidity meter.

• Place the 0 NTU standard into the slot; press “READ” button. If value displayed is anything other than 0, hold down the “CAL” button until the displayed value begins to flash. Use the up or down arrows to adjust accordingly.

• Follow the same procedure for the 10 NTU standard.

• Record all pre-calibration values on the Turbidity Meter Calibration Form.

• Record the post-calibration values on the associated form and the logbook.

• Do not use the turbidimeter on the EPA mode (the up arrow in the left hand corner of the display). This rounds the actual values to whole numbers.

Thermo Environmental Instruments PID, Model # 580B OVM

• Calibrate instrument with Isobutylene 100ppm.

After turning on instrument

• Press the Mode/Store key once, display will read “LOG THIS VALUE”

• Press the - / crsr key 4 times, the display should read “RESET TO CALIBRATE”

• Press the reset key once, the display should read “RESTORE BACKUP”

• Press the - / crsr to continue to calibrate

• (OR – press - / inc to use backup calibration within the instrument, use only if no span gas is available)

• Press reset button to zero instrument. Display should read, “MODEL 580 ZEROING.

• The display will then read “SPAN PPM = 100.

• Press + / inc once, display should read “SPAN GAS RESET WHEN READY.” Connect tubing from cylinder to tip of instrument. Open the valve on span gas cylinder

• Press reset once, display will read “MODEL 580 CALIBRATING”

• After the calibration is complete, the display will read “RESET TO CALIBRATE.” This means calibration has been successful.

• Press the mode/store key once.

• The instrument is ready for use.

• Record all calibration values on the associated form.

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 21

• Record the post-calibration values on the associated form and the logbook.

MIE Personal Data Ram, Model # pDR-1000

• Turn on & place Data Ram into airtight bag with pump.

• Pump up bag, press enter (reading on data ram should say “Start Zero: Enter”)

• Display should read “Zeroing”

• When zeroing is complete the display will read “CALIBRATION OK”, the instrument is calibrated.

• Press “Next”, then “Enter” twice (‘Logging Disabled” will appear after pressing enter the first time, but this is okay.)

• To Check Battery Level: Press next 4 times. See Field Managers for new 9-volt batteries.

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 22

S-13 Sample Equipment Decontamination Procedure

Reference: MMR Tech-036 and the Ogden Health and Safety Guidelines.

General The purpose of this technical procedure is to provide the step-by-step procedures for field decontamination of equipment. Decontamination of equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE) is designed to ensure that the introduction and transfer of contamination is minimized.

Procedure

All non-disposable sampling equipment (stainless steel spoons, stainless steel bowls, stainless steel hand augers, stainless steel bailers) used at the site must be decontaminated both before activities begin and after each sample is collected.

• Remove visible contamination by brushing or wiping with a cloth;

• Scrub with Liquinox/DI mix,

• Rinse with DI

• Rinse with methanol

• Rinse with DI & let air dry.

• Perform a visual inspection of the equipment to verify all of the soil/grease has been removed. If it has not been thoroughly deconned, re-decon the equipment.

• Cover in aluminum foil when not in use.

Properly dispose of all rinse water in the designated poly storage units for future GAC treatment.

Record the decon activities in your logbook.

APPENDIXD_AMECSAMPLINGSOPS.doc Page 23

S-14 Field Logbook Requirements

Reference: MMR Tech-035, the Ogden Health and Safety Guidelines, section 4.3 of AMEC’s QA/QC Plan (Rev 7.0).

General

All information concerning on-site activities shall be kept in a field logbook. Field logbooks will be kept by individual personnel working on-site and shall document all field activities. All information pertinent to sampling (including instrument calibration data) shall be recorded in field logbooks. These books shall be bound and pages will be consecutively numbered. Entries in the logbook shall be made in black, waterproof ink and sufficient information will be recorded during the sampling event to permit reconstruction of the event without any reliance on the memory of field personnel.

At a minimum, the following information will be included in the logbooks or on field data collection sheets:

• Site name and location;

• Site conditions upon arrival and departure;

• Descriptions of all site activities, including site entry and exit times;

• Dates and times (military) of all entries made in logbooks/field forms;

• Names, job functions, and organizational affiliations of personnel on site;

• Weather conditions including estimated temperature;

• Site observations;

• Sample collection information, including dates and times (military), sample locations, sample collection methods and devices, sample IDs, sample depths, sample type, sample preservation and container types, sample analyses, and COC information;

• Identification or serial numbers of instruments and equipment used;

• Any problems encountered;

• A plan of each day's activities and a summary of each day's accomplishment will also be entered.

Shelf life, lot numbers, manufacturer, and expiration dates of buffer and standard solutions used for field instrument calibration will be recorded in the solution change-out log.

8330B – A-1 Revision 2 October 2006

APPENDIX A

COLLECTING AND PROCESSING OF REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES FOR

ENERGETIC RESIDUES IN SOLID MATRICES FROM MILITARY TRAINING RANGES

FORWARD

The information provided in this Appendix is based on EPA’s evaluation of currently available data and technology as applied to the most appropriate sample collection, handling and processing procedures to determine representative concentrations of energetic material residues in solid matrices, such as soils, solid waste, or sediments. These procedures are designed to minimize the random error associated with heterogeneity of constituents that are distributed as particles into the environment. The intended users of this Appendix guidance are those individuals and organizations involved in the collection and preparation of samples for energetic material residue analysis during the characterization of solid materials under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The procedures and techniques described in this Appendix are not presented in any preferential order nor do they represent EPA requirements, but rather they are intended solely as guidance and should be selected and utilized based on the stated project-specific data quality objectives.

This Method 8330 Appendix was developed under the direction of Mr. Barry Lesnik, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste (OSW), Methods Team in collaboration with Mr.

Alan Hewitt, Dr. Thomas Jenkins, Marianne Walsh, and Jay Clausen of U.S. Army ERDC-CRREL, Charles Ramsey of EnviroStat, Inc., and the SW-846 Organic Methods Workgroup Members. The Methods Team is the focal point within OSW for expertise in analytical chemistry and characteristic testing methodologies, environmental sampling and monitoring, and quality assurance. The Methods Team provides technical support to other OSW Divisions, EPA Program Offices and Regions, state regulatory agencies, and the regulated community.

DISCLAIMER

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Solid Waste (EPA or the Agency) has prepared this Method 8330 Appendix to provide guidance to those individuals involved in the collection and preparation of samples for energetic material residue analysis during the characterization of solid materials under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). This Appendix provides guidance for selecting an appropriate sample collection, handling, and laboratory processing techniques that are suitable for residues of secondary explosives and propellants in order to meet the data quality requirements or objectives for the intended use of the results.

EPA does not make any warranty or representation, expressed or implied with respect to the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of the information contained in this report.

EPA does not assume any liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method or process disclosed in this report.

Reference to trade names or specific commercial products, commodities, or services in this report does not represent or constitute an endorsement, recommendation, or

8330B – A-2 Revision 2 favoring by EPA of the specific commercial product, commodity, or service. In addition, the policies set out in this Appendix are not final Agency action, but are intended solely as guidance. They are not intended, nor can they be relied upon, to create any rights enforceable by any party in litigation with the United States. EPA officials may decide to follow the guidance provided in this Appendix, or to act at variance with the guidance, based on an analysis of specific site or facility circumstances. The Agency also reserves the right to change this guidance at any time without public notice.

CONTENTS

A.1.0 PURPOSE AND OVERVIEW ......................................................................A-3

A.1.1 What are energetic material residues …………………………………….A-3

A.1.2 How are energetic compounds dispersed on military training ranges?..A-5

A.1.3 What constitutes a representative energetic material residue sample?.A-6

A.1.4 Who is the intended audience for this Appendix?..................................A-6

A.1.5 What does this guidance not cover? .....................................................A-6

A.1.6 What equipment is needed? .................................................................A-7

A.2.0 PROJECT PLANNING – Data Quality Objectives..............................................A-7

A.3.0 SAFETY – Sampling, shipping, field screening .................................................A-9

A.4.0 SECONDARY EXPLOSIVES AND PROPELLANT RESIDUES –

Guidance on the sampling strategy, design, and tools for collecting representative samples....................................................................................A-11

A.5.0 LABORATORY PROTOCOL FOR SOLID MATRICES

CONTAINING SECONDARY EXPLOSIVES AND PROPELLANT

RESIDUES– Guidance on the handling and processing of whole samples for representative subsampling and analysis...................................................A-15

A.6.0 ANALYSIS – Overview of analytical equipment and energetic compounds of concern.............................................................................................................A-17

A.7.0 REFERENCES.................................................................................................A-21

8330B – A-3 Revision 2

A.1.0 PURPOSE AND OVERVIEW

This appendix provides guidance for the collection and processing of samples for characterization of secondary explosive and propellant residues in solid matrices, such as soils, solid wastes, and sediment obtained on military training ranges. Analysis of subsample extracts can be by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), by

Gas Chromatography (GC) Electron Capture (EC) or with other appropriate analytical techniques.

A.1.1 What are energetic material residues?

Energetic material residues are unreacted explosives and propellant compounds that remain after firing or the detonation of munitions. Energetic compounds are used by the military in the formulation of propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics (PEP).

Explosives are classified as ‘primary’ or ‘secondary’ based on their susceptibility to initiation. Secondary explosives are present in much greater quantities within military munitions than primary explosives and are far more prevalent among the energetic residues dispersed at military testing and training facilities. Secondary explosives include

2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitrotriazine (RDX), octrahydro-

1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), 2,4,6-trinitro-phenylmethylnitramine (tetryl) and ammonium picrate (AP). Secondary explosives can also be classified according to their chemical structure. For example, TNT and picric acid/ammonium picrate are classified as nitroaromatics, whereas RDX and HMX are nitramines. Primary explosives, which include lead azide, lead styphnate, and mercury fulminate are highly susceptible to ignition and are often referred to as initiating explosives. Other energetic materials present at military facilities include 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-

DNT), nitroglycerin (NG), perchlorate, nitrocellulose (NC), nitroguanidine (NQ), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). NC, NG, DNT, NQ and perchlorate are used in several different types of artillery, mortar and rocket propellants, in the form of single base (NC/2,4-DNT), double base (NC/NG), triple base (NC/NG/NQ), and composite

(ammonium perchlorate containing) propellants (Refs. 59, 2, and 13). PETN is the major component of detonation cord and blasting caps, often used during demolition activities.

8330B – A-4 Revision 2

Examples of pyrotechnics and smokes are white and red phosphorous, potassium perchlorate, hexachloroethane-zinc (HC), and metal nitrates (Refs. 12, 9 and 2).

White phosphorus is pyrophoric and will auto ignite when exposed to air, however is persistent in anaerobic sediments (Ref. 72). For this reason, white phosphorus is not compatible with processing protocols where the sample needs to be air-dried, and thus cannot be processed by the laboratory protocols described in this appendix. In addition, the laboratory protocols described herein have not been evaluated with compounds classified as primary explosives and pyrotechnics. The occurrence of residues of primary explosives on military training ranges is believed to be very infrequent. The protocols covered in this appendix are currently being evaluated for use with perchlorate residues.

TNT and RDX constitute the…