171214_Specs_Vol_3_B3_Battle_Creek_Cyber_Ops.pdf

Specifications Volume 3 of 3

For

Michigan Air National Guard WK Kellogg Airport

Battle Creek, Michigan Repair Bldg 6922 for Cyber Operations Squadron

Project No. MBMV 162472

Mead & Hunt, Inc.

3141900-160242.01

Prepared for:

WK Kellogg Airport Michigan Air National Guard

Battle Creek, Michigan

Prepared by:

Type B-3

December 14, 2017

This page intentionally left blank.

000110 - 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 000110 - CONTENTS

VOLUME 1

DIVISION 00 - PROCUREMENT AND CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS

000101 PROJECT TITLE PAGE

000110 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 01 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

010000 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

011000 SUMMARY

011620 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL USAGE REQUIREMENTS

012500 SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURES

013100 PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION

013150 REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION

013200 CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS DOCUMENTATION

013300 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES with AF Form 66

014000 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS

014200 REFERENCES

015000 TEMPORARY FACILITIES AND CONTROLS

016000 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

016235 RECYCLED AND RECOVERED MATERIALS

017300 EXECUTION

017329 CUTTING AND PATCHING

017700 CLOSEOUT PROCEDURES

017823 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE DATA

017839 PROJECT RECORD DOCUMENTS

017900 DEMONSTRATION AND TRAINING

019113 GENERAL COMMISSIONING REQUIREMENTS

DIVISION 02 - EXISTING CONDITIONS

024119 SELECTIVE DEMOLITION

DIVISION 03 - CONCRETE

033000 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

DIVISION 04 - MASONRY

042200 CONCRETE UNIT MASONRY

DIVISION 05 - METALS

052100 STEEL JOIST FRAMING

053100 STEEL DECKING

DIVISION 06 - WOOD, PLASTICS, AND COMPOSITES

064116 PLASTIC-LAMINATE-CLAD ARCHITECTURAL CABINETS

DIVISION 07 - THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION

072100 THERMAL INSULATION

079200 JOINT SEALANTS

DIVISION 08 - OPENINGS

081113 HOLLOW METAL DOORS AND FRAMES

081416 FLUSH WOOD DOORS

083113 ACCESS DOORS AND FRAMES

083473 SOUND CONTROL DOOR ASSEMBLIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS 000110 - 2

083513 OPERABLE PARTITIONS

084113 ALUMINUM-FRAMED ENTRANCES AND STOREFRONTS

087100 DOOR HARDWARE

088000 GLAZING

DIVISION 09 - FINISHES

092216 NON-STRUCTURAL METAL FRAMING

092900 GYPSUM BOARD

093000 TILING

095113 ACOUSTICAL PANEL CEILINGS

096513 RESILIENT BASE AND ACCESSORIES

096816 CARPETING

096900 ACCESS FLOORING

098316 ACOUSTIC CEILING COATING

099100 PAINTING

099600 HIGH-PERFORMANCE COATINGS

DIVISION 10 - SPECIALTIES

101100 MARKERBOARDS

101400 SIGNAGE

102113 SOLID COLOR REINFORCED COMPOSITE TOILET PARTITIONS

102600 WALL AND DOOR PROTECTION

102800 TOILET AND BATH ACCESSORIES

104413 FIRE EXTINGUISHER CABINETS

DIVISION 11 - EQUIPMENT

115200 AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT

DIVISION 12 - FURNISHINGS

124800 ENTRANCE FLOOR MATS AND FRAMES

DIVISION 13 - SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION

NOT APPLICABLE

DIVISION 14 - CONVEYING EQUIPMENT

NOT APPLICABLE

VOLUME 2

DIVISION 21 - FIRE SUPPRESSION

212200 CLEAN-AGENT FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

219000 WATER BASED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

DIVISION 22 - PLUMBING

220500 COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR PLUMBING

220519 METERS AND GAGES FOR PLUMBING PIPING

220523 GENERAL-DUTY VALVES FOR PLUMBING PIPING

220529 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS FOR PLUMBING PIPING AND EQUIPMENT

220553 IDENTIFICATION FOR PLUMBING PIPING AND EQUIPMENT

220700 INSULATION FOR PLUMBING

221116 SUPPLY PIPING FOR PLUMBING

221119 SUPPLY PIPING SPECIALTIES FOR PLUMBING

221120 NATURAL-GAS PIPING

221123 SUPPLY PIPING PUMPS FOR PLUMBING

221316 DRAIN AND VENT PIPING

000110 - 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS

221319 DRAIN PIPING SPECIALTIES FOR PLUMBING

223400 FUEL-FIRED, DOMESTIC-WATER HEATERS

224000 PLUMBING FIXTURES

224700 WATER COOLERS

DIVISION 23 - HEATING VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING

230500 COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR HVAC

230513 COMMON MOTOR REQUIREMENTS FOR HVAC EQUIPMENT

230514 VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES

230519 METERS AND GAGES FOR HVAC PIPING

230523 GENERAL-DUTY VALVES FOR HVAC PIPING

230529 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS FOR HVAC PIPING AND EQUIPMENT

230548.13 VIBRATION CONTROLS FOR HVAC

230553 IDENTIFICATION FOR HVAC PIPING AND EQUIPMENT

230593 TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING FOR HVAC

230713 DUCT INSULATION

230719 HVAC PIPING INSULATION

230800 COMMISSIONING OF HVAC

230900 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL FOR HVAC

230993 SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS FOR HVAC CONTROLS

232113 HYDRONIC PIPING

232116 HYDRONIC PIPING SPECIALTIES

232513 WATER TREATMENT FOR CLOSED-LOOP HYDRONIC SYSTEMS

233113 METAL DUCTS

233300 AIR DUCT ACCESSORIES

233423 HVAC POWER VENTILATORS

233600 AIR TERMINAL UNITS

233713 DIFFUSERS, REGISTERS, AND GRILLES

238123 COMPUTER-ROOM AIR-CONDITIONERS

238126 SPLIT-SYSTEM AIR-CONDITIONERS

238239.13 CABINET UNIT HEATERS

VOLUME 3

DIVISION 26 - ELECTRICAL

260500 COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR ELECTRICAL

260502 ELECTRICAL DEMOLITION AND ALTERATION

260519 LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL POWER CONDUCTORS AND CABLES

260523 CONTROL-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL POWER CABLES

260526 GROUNDING AND BONDING FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

260529 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

260533 RACEWAYS AND BOXES FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

260544 SLEEVES AND SLEEVE SEALS FOR ELECTRICAL RACEWAYS AND CABLING

260553 IDENTIFICATION FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

260573.13 OVERCURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICE SHORT-CIRCUIT STUDY

260573.19 OVERCURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICE ARC-FLASH STUDY

262200 LOW-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

262416 PANELBOARDS

262500 TRACK BUSWAYS

262713 ELECTRICITY METERING

262726 WIRING DEVICES

262813 FUSES

262816 ENCLOSED SWITCHES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS

262913.03 MANUAL AND MAGNETIC MOTOR CONTROLLERS

263213 DIESEL ENGINE GENERATORS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 000110 - 4

263323 CENTRAL BATTERY EQUIPMENT FOR EMERGENCY LIGHTING

263353 STATIC UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY

263600 TRANSFER SWITCHES

264113 LIGHTNING PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURES

264313 SURGE PROTECTION FOR LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL POWER CIRCUITS

265100 INTERIOR LIGHTING

265600 EXTERIOR LIGHTING

DIVISION 27 - COMMUNICATIONS

270526 GROUNDING AND BONDING FOR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

270528 PATHWAYS FOR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

270529 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS FOR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

270536 CABLE TRAYS FOR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

270544 SLEEVES AND SLEEVE SEALS FOR COMMUNICATIONS PATHWAYS AND CABLING

270553 IDENTIFICATION FOR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

271100 COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT ROOM FITTINGS

271116 COMMUNICATIONS RACKS, FRAMES, AND ENCLOSURES

271313 COMMUNICATIONS COPPER BACKBONE CABLING

271323 COMMUNICATIONS OPTICAL FIBER BACKBONE CABLING

271333 COMMUNICATIONS COAXIAL BACKBONE CABLING

271513 COMMUNICATIONS COPPER HORIZONTAL CABLING

271523 COMMUNICATIONS OPTICAL FIBER HORIZONTAL CABLING

271533 COMMUNICATIONS COAXIAL HORIZONTAL CABLING

DIVISION 28 - ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND SECURITY

281300 ACCESS CONTROL SOFTWARE AND DATABASE MANAGEMENT

281500 ACCESS CONTROL HARDWARE DEVICES

282000 VIDEO SURVEILLANCE

283100 INTRUSION DETECTION

283176 INTERIOR FIRE ALARM AND MASS NOTIFICATION SYSTEM

DIVISION 31 - EARTHWORK

312000 EARTH MOVING

DIVISION 32 - EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

321216 ASPHALT PAVING

321313 CONCRETE PAVING

323113 CHAIN LINK FENCES AND GATES

329200 TURF AND GRASSES

DIVISION 33 - UTILITIES

330523.13 UTILITY HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

END OF SECTION 000110

260500 - 1 COMMON WORK RESULTS

FOR ELECTRICAL

SECTION 260500 - COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR ELECTRICAL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to all Sections of Divisions 26, 27, and 28.

1.2 DESCRIPTION

A. Work to be performed under the sections of Divisions 26, 27, and 28 includes all labor, materials, and equipment required to install complete electrical systems as described in these specifications and as shown on the drawings. This section includes information common to two or more technical specification sections or items that are of a general nature, not conveniently fitting into other technical sections.

B. Before submitting a bid, the Contractor shall examine the drawings and specifications, visit the work site, and be informed of local conditions, all federal, state and local ordinances, regulations and all other pertinent items which may affect cost, schedule, and completion of this project.

C. Drawings accompanying these specifications are a part of these specifications.

Drawings are intended to show general arrangement, design, and extent of work and are diagrammatic. Drawings are not intended to show exact locations except where dimensions are shown. Any substantial differences existing between drawings and conditions in the field shall be submitted to the Engineer for consideration before proceeding with work. Electrical work is shown on plans using standard industry symbols.

D. Before ordering materials or doing work, the Contractor shall verify all measurements pertaining to work scope and assume installation responsibility for complete and fully functional electrical systems.

E. The electrical work included in all other divisions of this specification and related documents is the responsibility of the contractor performing the division 26, 27, and 28 work unless specifically noted otherwise.

1.3 REFERENCED STANDARDS

A. Abbreviations of standards organizations referenced in this and other sections are as follows:

1. ANSI American National Standards Institute

2. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

3. EPA Environmental Protection Agency

4. ETL Electrical Testing Laboratories, Inc.

5. IBC International Building Code

COMMON WORK RESULTS

260500 - 2

6. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

7. IES Illuminating Engineering Society

8. ISA Instrument Society of America

9. NBS National Bureau of Standards

10. NEC National Electric Code

11. NECA National Electrical Contractors Association

12. NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association

13. NESC National Electrical Safety Code

14. NFPA National Fire Protection Association

15. UL Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer references used herein are intended to establish a level of quality and performance requirements unless more explicit restrictions are stated to apply.

B. Where equipment or accessories are used which differ in arrangement, configuration, dimensions, ratings, or engineering parameters from those indicated on the contract documents, the contractor is responsible for all costs involved in integrating the equipment or accessories into the system and the assigned space and for obtaining the performance from the system into which these items are placed.

C. All materials, shall be listed by and shall bear the label of an approved electrical testing laboratory. If none of the approved electrical testing laboratories has published standards for a particular item, then other national independent testing standards, subject to approval by the Engineer, shall apply and such items shall bear those labels.

Where one of the approved electrical testing laboratories has an applicable system listing and label, the entire system shall be so labeled. The Contractor shall not modify new equipment in such a way as to nullify the Testing Laboratories label. All equipment and materials shall be used or installed in accordance with any instruction included in the listing by the laboratory.

1.5 DEFINITIONS

A. Activation: Nomenclature used by some manufacturers for a service fitting.

B. ATS: Acceptance Testing Specifications.

C. BACnet: A networking communication protocol that complies with ASHRAE 135.

D. BAS: Building automation system.

E. CCT: Correlated color temperature.

F. CPT: Control power transformer.

G. CRI: Color-rendering index.

260500 - 3 COMMON WORK RESULTS

H. Delegated-Design Submittals: Documents, including drawings, calculations, and material and product specifications prepared as a responsibility of Contractor to obtain acceptance by Government and authorities having jurisdiction.

I. EMI: Electromagnetic interference.

J. EMT: Electrical metallic tubing.

K. Existing to Remain: Existing items of construction that are not to be removed and that are not otherwise indicated to be removed, removed and salvaged, or removed and reinstalled.

L. FMG: Factory Mutual Group

M. GFCI: Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter.

N. GRC: Galvanized rigid steel conduit.

O. IBC: International Building Code

P. Illuminance: The metric most commonly used to evaluate lighting systems. It is the density of luminous flux, or flow of light, reaching a surface divided by the area of that surface.

Q. IMC: Intermediate metal conduit.

R. Jacket: A continuous nonmetallic outer covering for conductors or cables.

S. LED: Light-emitting diode.

T. Lumen: Measured output of lamp and luminaire, or both.

U. Luminaire: Complete lighting fixture, including ballast housing if integral.

V. MCCB: Molded-case circuit breaker.

W. NETA ATS: Acceptance Testing Specification.

X. RMC: Rigid metal conduit.

Y. SCCR: Short-circuit current rating.

Z. VFD – Variable frequency drive or motor controller.

1.6 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

A. All work and materials are to conform in every detail to applicable rules and requirements of local codes and regulations, the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70), other applicable National Fire Protection Association codes, and current manufacturing standards (including NEMA) and any additional local modifications enacted by the Local Authority Having Jurisdiction. Contractor shall be responsible to verify what if any local modifications are in place or enacted by the Local Authority Having Jurisdiction.

260500 - 4

B. All work shall be installed in accordance with NECA standards of installation.

C. All work shall conform where applicable to the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA), Part 1910, “Occupational Safety and Health Standards.”

This shall include any local or state modifications enacted by the Authority having Jurisdiction.

1.7 OMISSIONS

A. No later than ten (10) days before bid opening, the Contractor shall call to the attention of the Engineer any materials or apparatus the Contractor believes to be inadequate and to any necessary items of work omitted.

1.8 SUBMITTALS

A. Refer to Division 01 for Submittal requirements.

B. Submit for all equipment and systems as indicated in the respective specification sections, marking each submittal with that specification section number. Mark general catalog sheets and drawings to indicate specific items being submitted and proper identification of equipment by name or number, as indicated in the contract documents.

Failure to do this may result in the submittal(s) being returned to the Contractor for correction and resubmission. Failing to follow these instructions does not relieve the Contractor from the requirement of meeting the project schedule.

C. On request, the Contractor shall furnish additional drawings, illustrations, catalog data, performance characteristics, etc. to clarify intent of construction or operations.

D. Submittals shall be grouped to include complete submittals of related systems, products, and accessories in a single submittal. Mark dimensions and values in units to match those specified. Include wiring diagrams of electrically powered equipment.

E. The submittals must be approved before fabrication.

1.9 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS

A. Install Work in locations shown on Drawings, unless prevented by Project conditions.

B. Prepare drawings showing proposed rearrangement of work to meet Project conditions, including changes to work specified in other Sections. Obtain written permission of Engineer before proceeding.

C. Tools, materials, and equipment shall be confined to areas designated by the Construction Manager.

1.10 WORK SEQUENCE AND SCHEDULING

A. See the General Conditions of the Contract, Scheduling and Coordination of Work, and Time for Completion of the Project, and General Requirements, Mutual Responsibility for additional requirements.

260500 - 5 COMMON WORK RESULTS

1.11 WORK BY OTHER TRADES

A. Every attempt has been made to indicate in this trade's specifications and drawings all work required of this Contractor. However, there may be additional specific paragraphs in other trade specifications and addenda, and additional notes on drawings for other trades which pertain to this Trade's work, and thus those additional requirements are hereby made a part of these specifications and drawings.

B. Electrical details on drawings for equipment to be provided by others is based on preliminary design data only. This Contractor shall lay out the electrical work and shall be responsible for its correctness to match equipment actually provided by others.

1.12 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

A. Refer to Division 1, General Requirements, Operating and Maintenance Instructions for additional requirements.

1.13 TRAINING

A. Instruct Government’s personnel in the proper operation and maintenance of systems and equipment provided as part of this project; video record all training sessions. Use the Operating and Maintenance manuals during this instruction. Demonstrate startup and shutdown procedures for all equipment. All training to be during normal working hours.

B. The requirement for recording training sessions may be deleted on some projects but not the requirement for the training itself.

C. Refer to other sections in Divisions 26, 27, and 28 for specific section and equipment training requirements.

1.14 RECORD DRAWINGS

A. A set of prints shall be kept at the job site upon which all changes and deviations from the original design are to be recorded daily. All changes shall be clearly marked. These drawings shall indicate as a minimum, all changes made to the drawings, changes in circuiting, equipment location, accurate locations of embedded conduit, and all other significant changes and deviations from the original design.

B. The daily record of changes shall be the responsibility of the Contractor’s field representative. No arbitrary mark-ups will be permitted.

C. At the completion of the project, the Contractor shall submit the marked-up record drawings to the COR prior to request for final payment.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MANUFACTURERS

A. Reference applicable sections within Divisions 26, 27, and 28.

260500 - 6

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 WORK INCLUDED

A. The scope of work shall include all work, including all labor, materials and equipment, testing required to install a complete electrical system as indicated in the project Manual.

The Project Manual consists of the bidding documents, the contract, specifications, contract drawings and all subsequent addenda and modifications. The contractor shall furnish and install all necessary materials, apparatus and devices to complete the electrical equipment and systems installation herein specified, except such parts as are specifically exempted herein.

B. All work items shown on the drawings is within the scope of work and shall be provided as indicated. Only items that are clearly indicated as being provided by others or under a separate contract shall be out of scope.

C. In general, the specifications indicate the requirements and quality for products required and the executions for those products. Only items that are clearly indicated as being provided by others or under a separate contract shall be out of scope.

D. If there is any discrepancy between the drawings and the specifications, it is the contractor’s responsibility to notify the Engineer for resolution, prior to procuring equipment or starting work.

E. Coordinate and verify all equipment being supplied by equipment supplier and other trades. Verify equipment size, motor HP, dimensions, locations, etc. as all are subject to change.

F. Contractor shall verify all door swings and the location of all cabinets, diffusers, HVAC, plumping, process and building equipment before installing electrical equipment, fixtures, outlets and conduit.

G. The Contractor shall provide all plywood backboards and supports for all electrical equipment as indicated on the drawings and as required or specified.

H. All permits and inspection fees required to complete the work shall be paid for by the Contractor unless noted otherwise.

I. All electrical equipment and fixtures shall be installed in complete accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations.

J. Contractor shall provide all motor connections as shown on the drawings and as specified herein.

3.2 CONCRETE

A. All concrete work required for the proper installation of electrical equipment including transformer and other equipment pads shall be provided by the Contractor and shall conform to specifications in Division 3, unless noted otherwise.

260500 - 7 COMMON WORK RESULTS

3.3 SITE WORK

A. The Contractor shall provide excavation and backfill for all electrical underground work as indicated on the drawings and as required. The Contractor shall perform this work and provide compaction as specified in Division 2. Finish grading and final restoration shall be by the General Contractor.

3.4 BUILDING ACCESS

A. Arrange for the necessary openings in the building to allow for admittance of all apparatus. When the building access was not previously arranged and must be provided by this contractor, restore any opening to its original condition after the apparatus has been brought into the building.

3.5 EQUIPMENT ACCESS

A. Install all piping, conduit, ductwork, and accessories to permit access to equipment for maintenance. Coordinate the exact location of wall and ceiling access panels and doors with the General Contractor, making sure that access is available for all equipment and specialties. Where access is required in plaster or drywall walls or ceilings, furnish the access doors to the General Contractor and reimburse the General Contractor for installation of those access doors.

3.6 COORDINATION

A. The Contractor shall cooperate with other trades in locating work in a proper manner.

Should it be necessary to raise or lower or move longitudinally any part of the electrical work to better fit the general installation, such work shall be done at no extra cost, provided such decision is reached prior to actual installation. The Contractor shall check location of electrical outlets with respect to other installations before installing.

B. The Contractor shall verify that all devices are compatible for the surfaces on which they will be used. This includes, but is not limited to, light fixtures, panelboards, devices, etc.

and recessed or semi-recessed heating units installed in/on architectural surfaces.

C. Coordinate all work with other trades prior to installation. Any installed work that is not coordinated and that interferes with another trades work shall be removed or relocated at the installing contractor's expense.

3.7 HOUSEKEEPING AND CLEAN UP

A. Refer to Division 1, General Requirements, and Cleaning for additional requirements.

B. The Contractor shall clean up and remove from the premises, on a daily basis, all debris and rubbish resulting from its work and shall repair all damage to new and existing equipment resulting from its work. When job is complete, the Contractor shall remove all tools, excess material and equipment, etc., from the site.

END OF SECTION 260500

260502 - 1 ELECTRICAL DEMOLITION

AND ALTERATION

SECTION 260502 - ELECTRICAL DEMOLITION AND ALTERATION

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

A. Applicable requirements of Division 0 and Division 1 shall govern work in this section.

1.2 SCOPE

A. Electrical Demolition.

B. The drawings are intended to indicate the scope of work required and do not indicate every box, conduit, or wire that must be removed. The Contractor shall visit the site prior to submitting a bid and verify existing conditions.

1.3 JOB CONDITIONS

A. Prior to demolition or alteration of structures, the following shall be accomplished:

1. Contracting Officer’s Representative release of structure.

2. Disconnection of electrical power to utilization equipment and circuits removed or affected by demolition work.

3. Electrical services rerouted or shut off outside area of demolition.

4. Coordinate sequencing with Contracting Officer Representative (COR) and other

Contractors. Coordinate scope of work with all other Contractors and the COR at the project site. Schedule removal of equipment and electrical service to avoid conflicts.

5. Survey and record condition of existing facilities to remain in place that may be affected by demolition operations. After demolition operations are completed, survey conditions again and restores existing facilities to their predemolition condition.

6. Notify utilities prior to razing operations to permit them to disconnect and remove or relocate equipment that served existing facilities.

7. Contractor shall notify COR of existing code violations observed during the course of performing his work. If corrective action needs to be taken that changes the scope of the work, corrective action to proceed only after approved change order.

8. Provide temporary wiring and connections to maintain existing systems in service during construction. When work must be performed on energized equipment or circuits use personnel experienced in such operations. Assume all equipment and systems must remain operational unless specifically noted otherwise on drawings

9. Existing Electrical Service: The existing electrical service will remain as part of this project. Service shall be utilized for temporary construction power.

10. Existing Fire Alarm System: The existing fire alarm system will be replaced as part of this project. It can be removed, once building has been released to Contractor.

ELECTRICAL DEMOLITION

260502 - 2

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

A. Materials and equipment for patching and extending work as specified in the individual Sections.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Where walls, ceilings, structures, etc., are indicated as being removed on general drawings, the Contractor shall be responsible for the removal of all electrical equipment, devices, fixtures, raceways, wiring, systems, etc., from the removed area.

B. Where ceilings, walls, structures, etc., are temporarily removed and replaced by others, this Contractor shall be responsible for the removal, storage, and replacement of equipment, devices, fixtures, raceways, wiring, systems, etc.

C. Verify that abandoned wiring and equipment serve only abandoned equipment or facilities. Extend conduit and wire to facilities and equipment that will remain in operation following demolition. Extension of conduit and wire to equipment shall be compatible with the surrounding area.

D. Bid submittal shall mean the Contractor has visited the project site and has verified existing conditions and scope of work.

3.2 DEMOLITION AND EXTENSION OF EXISTING ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

A. Demolish and extend existing electrical work to meet all requirements of these specifications.

B. Remove, relocate, and extend existing installations to accommodate new construction.

C. Remove abandoned wiring to source of supply.

D. Provide revised typed circuit directory in panelboards that have circuits removed.

E. Remove exposed abandoned conduit, including abandoned conduit above accessible ceiling finishes. Cut raceway flush with walls and floors, and patch surfaces. Remove all associated clamps, hangers, supports, etc. associated with raceway removal.

F. Disconnect abandoned outlets and remove devices. Remove abandoned outlets if conduit servicing them is abandoned and removed. Provide blank cover for abandoned outlets which are not removed. Patch openings created from removal of devices to match surrounding finishes.

G. Disconnect and remove abandoned panelboards and distribution equipment.

H. Disconnect and remove electrical devices and equipment serving utilization equipment that has been removed.

260502 - 3 ELECTRICAL DEMOLITION

I. Disconnect and remove abandoned luminaries. Remove brackets, stems, hangers, and other accessories.

J. Repair adjacent construction and finishes damaged during demolition and extension work. Patch openings to match existing surrounding finishes.

K. Maintain access to existing electrical installations which remain active. Modify installation or provide access panel as appropriate.

L. Extend existing installations using materials and methods compatible with existing electrical installations, or as specified. This includes the extension of the circuit from the last active device to the next device in the system to be activated.

M. Existing conduit in good condition may be reused in place. Relocated existing conduit shall not be allowed. Bonding conductors shall be installed in all reused conduit to assure proper ground path.

N. Equipment removal in certain locations may require the installation of a junction box to reconnect circuits that remain in operation. Extend conduit and wiring as required to maintain power to remaining equipment.

O. Contractor shall remove and install all ceiling tiles as required for the execution of electrical work that is outside the contract limits of construction. Contractor shall replace ceiling tiles with identical material where damaged by this Contractor.

P. Regulatory Requirements: Comply with governing EPA notification regulations before beginning demolition. Comply with hauling and disposal regulations of authorities having jurisdiction.

Q. This Contractor is responsible for all costs incurred in repair, relocations, or replacement of any cables, conduits, or other services if damaged without proper investigation.

3.3 DISPOSAL

A. Dispose of equipment that is removed unless specifically indicated on the drawings.

B. Raceway, conductors, boxes, cabinets and supporting devices shall become the property of the Contractor and shall be removed from the site and disposed of by the Contractor.

C. The Contractor shall tour demolition areas with the Contracting Officer’s Representative to determine the status of other equipment to be removed during demolition. Equipment that is to be salvaged for reuse shall be removed by the Contractor and transported to a designated storage area on the site. The Contracting Officer’s Representative shall be responsible for removal of salvaged equipment from the storage area.

D. Contractor, at his option, may install new conductors in existing raceways provided that the raceways are in place and are properly sized and supported. Existing conduits that are removed from their existing location shall not be reinstalled.

ELECTRICAL DEMOLITION

260502 - 4

3.4 LIGHTING FIXTURE LAMP DISPOSAL

A. The Contractor shall be responsible for the proper removal and recycling of existing fixture lamps being removed from service in accordance with EPA and State of Michigan DNR requirements.

B. The Contractor shall be responsible for arranging for recycling of lamps by a licensed waste lamp and bulb recycler. The cost for recycling of removed lamps shall be included in the Contractor's bid.

C. The Contractor shall carefully package removed lamps to prevent breakage. The Contractor shall store waste lamps in a secure area, either in the container that the lamps are shipped in or in other ways so as to eliminate breakage. Both the lamp storage area and individual containers shall be labeled as hazardous waste. Store lamps in covered containers to prevent lamps from being broken as a result of other debris being placed on top of them.

3.5 CLEANING AND REPAIR

A. Clean and repair existing materials and equipment that remain or are to be reused.

B. Panelboards: Clean exposed surfaces and check tightness of electrical connections.

Replace damaged circuit breakers and provide closure plates for vacant positions.

Provide typed circuit directory showing revised circuiting arrangement.

C. Luminaries: Remove existing luminaires for cleaning. Use mild detergent to clean all exteriors and interior surface, rinse with clean water and wipe dry. Replace broken electrical parts. Replacement parts shall match specified components for new fixtures of same type when applicable.

D. Electrical items (e.g., lighting fixtures, transformers, panelboards, circuit breakers, fire alarm system/devices, receptacles, switches, conduit, wire, etc.) removed and not relocated remain the property of the Contracting Officer’s Representative. The Contractor shall be responsible for the disposal of material the Contracting Officer’s Representative does not want.

3.6 ALTERATIONS

A. The Contractor shall be responsible for work of other trades to facilitate installation of electrical work in the existing building.

B. Work required by Electrical Contractor which is normally performed by other trades shall be done under direction and at the expense of Electrical Contractor.

3.7 INSTALLATION

A. Install relocated materials and equipment under the provisions of Division 1 of Specifications.

END OF SECTION 260502

260519 - 1 LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL

POWER CONDUCTORS AND

CABLES

SECTION 260519 - LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL POWER CONDUCTORS AND CABLES

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Building wires and cables rated 600 V and less.

2. Connectors, splices, and terminations rated 600 V and less.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 CONDUCTORS AND CABLES

A. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, available manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

1. Alpha Wire.

2. Belden Inc.

3. Encore Wire Corporation.

4. General Cable Technologies Corporation.

5. Southwire Incorporated.

B. Copper Conductors: Comply with NEMA WC 70/ICEA S-95-658.

C. Conductor Insulation: Comply with NEMA WC 70/ICEA S-95-658 for Type THHN-

THWN-2.

D. VFC Cable:

1. Comply with UL 1277, UL 1685, and NFPA 70 for Type TC-ER cable.

2. Type TC-ER with oversized crosslinked polyethylene insulation, spiral-wrapped foil plus 85 percent coverage braided shields and insulated full-size ground wire, and sunlight- and oil-resistant outer PVC jacket.

E. Conductor sizes shown on drawings are based on 75 Degree C copper.

F. All conductors shall be rated 600 volts.

G. Branch circuit wire sizes not shown on the drawings shall be #12 AWG minimum.

H. All emergency system wiring shall be installed in raceways separate from other systems.

2.2 CONNECTORS AND SPLICES

A. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, available manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL

CABLES

260519 - 2

1. AFC Cable Systems, Inc.

2. Hubbell Power Systems, Inc.

3. O-Z/Gedney; a brand of the EGS Electrical Group.

4. Thomas and Betts Corp.

5. 3M; Electrical Markets Division.

6. Tyco Electronics.

B. Description: Factory-fabricated connectors and splices of size, ampacity rating, material, type, and class for application and service indicated.

1. Split Bolt Connectors: Not acceptable.

2. Solderless Pressure Connectors: High copper alloy terminal. May be used only for cable termination to equipment pads or terminals. Not approved for splicing.

3. Spring Wire Connectors: Solderless spring type pressure connector with insulating covers for copper wire splices and taps. Use for conductor sizes 10 AWG and smaller.

4. All wire connectors used in underground or exterior pull boxes shall be gel filled twist connectors or a connector designed for damp and wet locations.

5. Mechanical Connectors: Bolted type tin-plated; high conductivity copper alloy;

spacer between conductors; beveled cable entrances.

6. Compression (crimp) Connectors: Long barrel; seamless, tin-plated electrolytic copper tubing; internally beveled barrel ends. Connector shall be clearly marked with the wire size and type and proper number and location of crimps.

2.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

A. Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, by a qualified testing agency, and marked for intended location and application.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 CONDUCTOR MATERIAL APPLICATIONS

A. Feeders: Copper. Stranded conductor.

B. Branch Circuits: Copper. Solid for No. 10 AWG and smaller, stranded for No. 8 AWG and larger, except VFC cable, which shall be extra flexible stranded.

3.2 CONDUCTOR INSULATIONAND WIRING METHODS

A. Service Entrance: Type THHN-THWN-2, single conductors in raceway.

B. Exposed Feeders: Type THHN-THWN-2, single conductors in raceway.

C. Feeders Concealed in Ceilings, Walls, Partitions, and Crawlspaces: Type THHN- THWN-2, single conductors in raceway.

D. Exposed Branch Circuits, Including in Crawlspaces: Type THHN-THWN-2, single conductors in raceway.

260519 - 3 LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL

CABLES

E. Branch Circuits Concealed in Ceilings, Walls, and Partitions: Type THHN-THWN-2, single conductors in raceway.

F. Branch Circuits Underground: Type THHN-THWN-2, single conductors in raceway.

G. Branch Circuits Installed below Raised Flooring: Type THHN-THWN-2, single conductors in raceway.

H. VFC Output Circuits: Type TC-ER cable with braided shield.

3.3 INSTALLATION OF FEEDERS AND BRANCH CIRCUITS

A. Feeder and branch circuit routing is shown diagrammatically on the drawings and is approximate unless dimensioned. Route feeders and branch circuits as required to meet project conditions.

B. All power wiring shall be installed in conduit unless specifically indicated otherwise.

C. Conceal feeders and branch circuits in finished walls, ceilings, and floors, unless otherwise indicated.

D. Complete raceway installation between conductor and cable termination points according to Section 260533 "Raceways and Boxes for Electrical Systems" prior to pulling conductors and cables.

E. Use manufacturer-approved pulling compound or lubricant where necessary; compound used must not deteriorate conductor or insulation. Do not exceed manufacturer's recommended maximum pulling tensions and sidewall pressure values.

F. Use pulling means, including fish tape, cable, rope, and basket-weave wire/cable grips, that will not damage cables or raceway.

G. Install exposed feeders and branch circuits parallel and perpendicular to surfaces of exposed structural members, and follow surface contours where possible.

H. Support feeders and branch circuits according to Division 26 Section "Hangers and Supports for Electrical Systems."

3.4 CONNECTIONS

A. Tighten electrical connectors and terminals according to manufacturer's published torque-tightening values. If manufacturer's torque values are not indicated, use those specified in UL 486A-486B.

B. Make splices, terminations, and taps that are compatible with conductor material and that possess equivalent or better mechanical strength and insulation ratings than unspliced conductors.

C. Wiring at Outlets: Install conductor at each outlet, with at least 6 inches of slack.

LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL

CABLES

260519 - 4

3.5 IDENTIFICATION

A. Identify and color-code conductors and cables according to Section 260553 "Identification for Electrical Systems."

B. Identify each spare conductor at each end with identity number and location of other end of conductor, and identify as spare conductor.

3.6 SLEEVE AND SLEEVE-SEAL INSTALLATION FOR ELECTRICAL PENETRATIONS

A. Install sleeves and sleeve seals at penetrations of exterior floor and wall assemblies.

Comply with requirements in Section 260544 "Sleeves and Sleeve Seals for Electrical Raceways and Cabling."

3.7 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Perform the following tests and inspections:

1. After installing conductors and cables and before electrical circuitry has been energized, test service entrance and feeder conductors for compliance with requirements.

2. Perform each visual and mechanical inspection and electrical test stated in NETA Acceptance Testing Specification. Certify compliance with test parameters.

3. Perform insulation-resistance test, with respect to ground and adjacent conductors, on each conductor of power feeders 100 amperes or greater.

Applied potential shall be 1000 volts dc for 600 volt rated cable. Test duration shall be one minute. Insulating-resistance values should not be less than 50 megohms.

4. Any conductors that fail the above mentioned tests shall be replaced and those new conductors shall be tested and meet the requirements mentioned above.

B. Test and Inspection Reports: Prepare a written report to record the following:

1. Procedures used.

2. Results that comply with requirements.

3. Results that do not comply with requirements and corrective action taken to achieve compliance with requirements.

C. Cables will be considered defective if they do not pass tests and inspections.

END OF SECTION 260519

260523 - 1 CONTROL-VOLTAGE

ELECTRICAL POWER CABLES

SECTION 260523 - CONTROL-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL POWER CABLES

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Low-voltage control cabling.

2. Control-circuit conductors.

3. Identification products.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

A. Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, by a qualified testing agency, and marked for intended location and application.

2.2 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. Flame Travel and Smoke Density in Plenums: As determined by testing identical products according to NFPA 262 by a qualified testing agency. Identify products for installation in plenums with appropriate markings of applicable testing agency.

1. Flame Travel Distance: 60 inches or less.

2. Peak Optical Smoke Density: 0.5 or less.

3. Average Optical Smoke Density: 0.15 or less.

B. Flame Travel and Smoke Density for Cables in Non-Riser Applications and Non-Plenum Building Spaces: As determined by testing identical products according to UL 1685.

2.3 LOW-VOLTAGE CONTROL CABLE

A. Plenum-Rated, Paired Cable: NFPA 70, Type CMP.

1. One pair, twisted, No. 16 AWG, stranded (19x29) tinned-copper conductors.

2. PVC insulation.

3. Unshielded.

4. PVC jacket.

5. Flame Resistance: Comply with NFPA 262.

2.4 CONTROL-CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS

A. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, available manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to,

1. Encore Wire Corporation.

CONTROL-VOLTAGE

260523 - 2

2. General Cable Technologies Corporation.

3. Southwire Company.

B. Class 1 Control Circuits: Stranded copper, Type THHN-2-THWN-2, in raceway, complying with UL 83.

C. Class 2 Control Circuits: Stranded copper, Type THHN-2-THWN-2, in raceway, complying with UL 83.

D. Class 3 Remote-Control and Signal Circuits: Stranded copper, Type THHN-2-THWN-2, in raceway, complying with UL 83.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION OF RACEWAYS AND BOXES

A. Comply with requirements in Section 260533 "Raceways and Boxes for Electrical Systems" for raceway selection and installation requirements for boxes, conduits, and wireways.

3.2 INSTALLATION OF CONDUCTORS AND CABLES

A. Comply with NECA 1 and NFPA 70.

B. General Requirements for Cabling:

1. Cables may not be spliced.

2. Secure and support cables at intervals not exceeding 30 inches and not more than 6 inches from cabinets, boxes, fittings, outlets, racks, frames, and terminals.

3. Support: Do not allow cables to lay on removable ceiling tiles.

4. Secure: Fasten securely in place with hardware specifically designed and installed so as to not damage cables.

C. Installation of Control-Circuit Conductors:

1. Install wiring in raceways. Comply with requirements specified in Section 260533 "Raceways and Boxes for Electrical Systems."

3.3 REMOVAL OF CONDUCTORS AND CABLES

A. Remove abandoned conductors and cables. Abandoned conductors and cables are those installed that are not terminated at equipment and are not identified for future use with a tag.

3.4 CONTROL-CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS

A. Minimum Conductor Sizes:

1. Class 1 remote-control and signal circuits; No 14 AWG.

2. Class 2 low-energy, remote-control, and signal circuits; No. 16 AWG.

3. Class 3 low-energy, remote-control, alarm, and signal circuits; No 12 AWG.

260523 - 3 CONTROL-VOLTAGE

3.5 GROUNDING

A. For low-voltage control wiring and cabling, comply with requirements in Section 260526 "Grounding and Bonding for Electrical Systems."

3.6 IDENTIFICATION

A. Comply with requirements for identification specified in Section 260553 "Identification for Electrical Systems."

END OF SECTION 260523

260526 - 1 GROUNDING AND BONDING

FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

SECTION 260526 - GROUNDING AND BONDING FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section includes grounding and bonding systems and equipment and fencing.

1.2 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, by a qualified testing agency, and marked for intended location and application.

B. Comply with UL 467 for grounding and bonding materials and equipment.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MANUFACTURERS

A. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, available manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

1. Burndy; Part of Hubbell Electrical Systems.

2. ERICO International Corporation.

3. Galvan Industries, Inc.; Electrical Products Division, LLC.

4. Harger Lightning and Grounding.

5. O-Z/Gedney; A Brand of the EGS Electrical Group.

6. Robbins Lightning, Inc.

7. Siemens Power Transmission & Distribution, Inc.

2.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

A. Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, by a qualified testing agency, and marked for intended location and application.

B. Comply with UL 467 for grounding and bonding materials and equipment.

2.3 CONDUCTORS

A. Insulated Conductors: Copper wire or cable insulated for 600 V unless otherwise required by applicable Code or authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Bare Copper Conductors:

GROUNDING AND BONDING

260526 - 2

1. Solid Conductors: ASTM B 3.

2. Stranded Conductors: ASTM B 8.

3. Bonding Cable: 28 kcmil, 14 strands of No. 17 AWG conductor, 1/4 inch in diameter.

4. Bonding Conductor: No. 4 or No. 6 AWG, stranded conductor.

5. Bonding Jumper: Copper tape, braided conductors terminated with copper ferrules; 1-5/8 inches wide and 1/16 inch thick.

C. Grounding Bus: Predrilled rectangular bars of annealed copper, ¼ by 4 inches in cross section with 9/32 inch holes space 1-1/8” apart. Stand-off Insulators for mounting shall comply with UL 891 for use in switchboards, 600 V and shall be Lexan or PVC, impulse tested at 5000 V. Grounding bus shall be minimum 2’-0” in length.

2.4 CONNECTORS

A. Listed and labeled by an NRTL acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction for applications in which used and for specific types, sizes, and combinations of conductors and other items connected.

B. Bolted Connectors for Conductors and Pipes: Copper or copper alloy.

C. Welded Connectors: Exothermic-welding kits of types recommended by kit manufacturer for materials being joined and installation conditions.

D. Bus-Bar Connectors: Mechanical type, cast silicon bronze, solderless compression-type wire terminals, and long-barrel, two-bolt connection to ground bus bar.

E. Cable to Cable Connectors: Compression type, copper or copper alloy.

F. Cable Tray Ground Clamp: Mechanical type, zinc-plated malleable iron.

G. Conduit Hubs: Mechanical type, terminal with treaded hub.

2.5 GROUNDING ELECTRODES

A. Ground Rods: Copper-clad steel; 3/4 inch by 10 feet.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 APPLICATIONS

A. Conductors: Install stranded conductor for No. 8 AWG and smaller, and stranded conductors for No. 6 AWG and larger unless otherwise indicated.

B. Grounding Bus: Install in electrical equipment rooms, in rooms housing service equipment, and elsewhere as indicated.

1. Install bus horizontally, on insulated spacers 2 inches minimum from wall, 6 inches above finished floor unless otherwise indicated.

C. Conductor Terminations and Connections:

260526 - 3 GROUNDING AND BONDING

1. Pipe and Equipment Grounding Conductor Terminations: Bolted connectors.

2. Underground Connections: Welded connectors except at test wells and as otherwise indicated.

3. Connections to Ground Rods at Test Wells: Bolted connectors.

4. Connections to Structural Steel: Welded connectors.

3.2 GROUNDING AT THE SERVICE

A. Equipment grounding conductors and grounding electrode conductors shall be connected to the ground bus. Install a main bonding jumper between the neutral and ground buses.

3.3 GROUNDING SEPARETLY DERIVED SYSTEMS

A. Generator: Install grounding electrode(s) at the generator location. The electrode shall be connected to the equipment grounding conductor and to the frame of the generator.

3.4 EQUIPMENT GROUNDING

A. Install insulated equipment grounding conductors with all feeders and branch circuits.

B. Install insulated equipment grounding conductors with the following items, in addition to those required by NFPA 70:

1. Feeders and branch circuits.

2. Lighting circuits.

3. Receptacle circuits.

4. Single-phase motor and appliance branch circuits.

5. Three-phase motor and appliance branch circuits.

6. Busway Supply Circuits: Install insulated equipment grounding conductor from grounding bus in the switchgear, switchboard, or distribution panel to equipment grounding bar terminal on busway.

C. Air-Duct Equipment Circuits: Install insulated equipment grounding conductor to duct-mounted electrical devices operating at 120 V and more, including air cleaners, heaters, dampers, humidifiers, and other duct electrical equipment. Bond conductor to each unit and to air duct and connected metallic piping.

D. Water Heater, Heat-Tracing, and Antifrost Heating Cables: Install a separate insulated equipment grounding conductor to each electric water heater and heat-tracing cable.

Bond conductor to heater units, piping, connected equipment, and components.

E. Metallic Fences: Comply with requirements of IEEE C2.

1. Grounding Conductor: Bare copper, not less than No. 8AWG.

3.5 FENCE GROUNDING

A. Fence Grounding: Install at maximum intervals of 1500 feet except as follows:

260526 - 4

1. Fences within 100 feet of Buildings, Structures, Walkways and Roadways:

Ground at maximum intervals of 750 feet.

2. Gates and Other Fence Openings: Ground fence on each side of opening.

3. Grounding Method: At each grounding location, drive a grounding rod vertically until the top is 6 inches below finished grade. Connect rod to fence with No. 6 AWG conductor. Connect conductor to each fence component at grounding location.

3.6 INSTALLATION

A. Grounding Conductors: Route along shortest and straightest paths possible unless otherwise indicated or required by Code. Avoid obstructing access or placing conductors where they may be subjected to strain, impact, or damage.

B. Ground Rods: Drive rods until tops are 12 inches below finished floor or final grade unless otherwise indicated.

1. Interconnect ground rods with grounding electrode conductor below grade and as otherwise indicated.