Categorical Exclusion Form (NEPA).pdf

EFLHD NEPA Categorical Exclusion Form EFL-TM-ENV-03(04)

NP GRSM 14(3), 112(1), ETC

Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division NEPA Categorical Exclusion Form

Project Number: NP GRSM 14(3), 112(1), ETC Date: 2/27/2020

Project Name: Rehabilitation of Eight Bridges on the Tennessee Side of the Park

Location: Great Smoky Mountains National Park Sevier and Blount Counties, Tennessee

CE Category 23 CFR 771.117 (c)(22): Projects, as defined in 23 U.S.C. 101, that would take place entirely within the existing operational right-of-way [...]

See 23 CFR 771.117 for full description of CE categories, including additional requirements when applying (c)26-28.

Project Description The National Park Service (NPS), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), proposes to rehabilitate eight steel and timber bridges within Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Sevier and Blount Counties, Tennessee. The project length is 0.24 miles.

Project work includes asphalt wearing course removal, scour protection around existing abutments and wingwalls, installation of new concrete deck, replacement of the nail-laminated timber decking, cleaning and repointing masonry joints, repaving bridge approaches, and other miscellaneous work. Soil disturbing activities include ditch reconditioning, shoulder reconditioning, placing riprap, and paved waterway construction. The total disturbed area for the project is approximately 0.97 acres.

Environmental Commitments and Mitigation Measures For the proposed project actions to be within compliance requirements during construction and/or project implementation, the following mitigations must be adhered to.

All construction activities are anticipated to be completed from approximately November 1, 2020 – May 15, 2021. The project work will remain on or near the existing footprint of the current roadways and bridges. Work outside the existing roadways and bridges will be to access the bridges for construction activities. There is no anticipated night work.

Equipment and material staging areas shall be limited to the existing paved and gravel roads and pull-offs at locations approved by the NPS Project Leader to protect vegetation, water quality, archeological resources, and the cultural landscape. Staging areas shall be sited and erosion and sediment control measures used so that runoff does not discharge directly to streams.

https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=842bb87055f89f1d0ff242f2b9e20ff7&mc=true&node=pt23.1.771&rgn=div5#se23.1.771_1117

EFLHD NEPA Categorical Exclusion Form EFL-TM-ENV-03(04)

Prior to maintenance activities, areas that are potential habitat for listed wildlife species will be resurveyed. If listed species are found in the vicinity of work sites, activities will be limited to ones that are unobtrusive or to times of the year when the listed species are not present or less affected by disturbance.

All disturbed ground shall be reclaimed using appropriate best management practices (BMPs), which may include planting or seeding with native vegetation, or, in the case of small treatment areas, allowing native vegetation to reclaim the area naturally. Project leader shall consult with the Vegetation Branch to determine the best methods for restoration.

Salvage incidental native vegetation (as feasible), from project areas for reuse during restoration on disturbed areas.

Appropriate erosion and sediment control measures will be taken to avoid affecting threatened and endangered species when accessing the bridges and stream areas. Installation and use of the erosion and sediment control measures, along with regular maintenance and cleaning, with off-site sediment transport reduced, shall be maintained.

FWS requires BMPs to be utilized throughout construction to minimize runoff of sediment and other containments into area streams. All sediment structures should be inspected and cleaned regularly to ensure the maximum level of sediment control. If structures fail or are found to be inadequate, work should cease and not resume until appropriate corrective measures have been taken.

Erosion control measures shall be used to prevent silt-laden water from entering the stream. All erosion control materials shall be weed/seed free and no plastic mesh erosion control material may be used.

All instream work should be scheduled during the low flow period. Equipment staging and maintenance area should be developed an adequate distance from streams to avoid entry of petroleum-based pollutants into the water. Concrete and cement dust must be kept out of the streams as they alter water chemical properties and can be toxic to aquatic species.

Rainbow trout, brown trout, and native non-game fish are present at all bridge locations. Project includes instream work and construction schedule should consider timing of native fish spawning and seasonal stream flow patterns prior to implementation. Non-native rainbow trout spawn during March and April with eggs and young-of-year fish susceptible to sediment, nest excavation and de-watering through mid-May. Most native non-game fish species spawn

EFLHD NEPA Categorical Exclusion Form EFL-TM-ENV-03(04) between May and July. Low stream flows for GRSM typically occur between September and November, whereas peak stream flows typically occur between February and May. These stream flow and spawning behaviors should be considered when planning instream projects where fish species are present.

The project site may provide habitat for several federally listed plant and animal species. The project shall comply with the Programmatic Biological Opinion for Transportation Projects in the Range of the Indiana Bat and Northern Long-eared Bat, February 2018 revision, found at https://www.fws.gov/Midwest/endangered/section7/fhwa/pdf/AppC_AMMsRevisedFeb2018.pdf

The GRSM Wildlife Branch shall conduct surveys prior to the start of construction to determine if bats, including state threatened tri-color and little brown bats, are using the bridges for roosting. If bats are roosting under a bridge, consult with GRSM Wildlife Branch to establish measures for avoiding and minimizing disturbance. If bats are using the bridges, construction work should be initiated between November 15 and March 31 to avoid and minimize disturbance. If a maternity colony is present, construction work shall not be initiated between June 1 and July 31. NPS Project Leader should inform Wildlife Branch Chief of construction schedule at least 2 months in advance.

Project work shall not disturb wildlife species found nesting, hibernating, estivating, or otherwise living in, or immediately nearby, the work site. If species are encountered during construction activities, cease work and notify the CO and NPS natural resource staff immediately. Continue construction activities upon approval of the CO.

There is no anticipated tree removal; however, if trees are growing out of existing bridge substructure units, those trees will be removed. Trees may need to be trimmed to access the bridges to conduct construction activities. All tree trimming will occur during the bat’s inactive season, between November 15, 2020 – March 31, 2021.

Construction sites will abide by best management practices regarding avoidance of tree damage.

Trees will have fencing established to prevent vehicle damage to main stem. Root pruning will be used to trim roots within below-grade work zones. Care will be given to avoid compaction of soils over root systems.

Tree Removal and Bats: When removing large trees (greater than 5 inches DBH) that have characteristics for summer bat roosts (i.e., dead trees with exfoliating bark, tree cavities, and crevices) then follow the decision process: 1) Remove potential roost trees only between Nov 15 and March 31 or 2) Have a qualified individual observe for bats existing in the trees for 30 https://www.fws.gov/Midwest/endangered/section7/fhwa/pdf/AppC_AMMsRevisedFeb2018.pdf

EFLHD NEPA Categorical Exclusion Form EFL-TM-ENV-03(04) minutes before and after sunset. If bats are observed, use mist netting to determine species or resurvey tree at a later date. Trees that would not be considered potential summer habitat for Indiana bats and northern long-eared bats include: 1) root sprung trees that pose a hazard along trails, roads or developed areas; 2) live trees with tight bark and no crevices or hollows that could be used as roosts, and 3) Spruce/Fir forests.

As few trees as possible shall be removed during this project. Measures must be taken to minimize ground disturbance while removing trees. For example, move the tree the minimum distance necessary; use a grapple bucket, highline and winch, or other low-impact methods;

elevate tree ends above the ground surface to limit plowing or trenching of duff and soil from pulling logs; and do not push logs or slash with construction equipment. Trees and slash should be removed from the site and legally disposed of outside the park or used for park administrative purposes.

Follow guidelines established in GRSM Management Directive #33 – Preventing Introduction and Spread of Invasive Non-Native Plants. Consult GRSM Supervisory Forester (Kris Johnson) prior to transporting materials (e.g., soil, gravel, rock) from in-park stockpiles or importing materials from outside the park. All equipment and tools shall be cleaned completely prior to entering the work zone to prevent the spreading of non-invasive plant seeds. Equipment shall be inspected for compliance. Do not place straw on disturbed lands. Reseed with park approved seed mix only.

Disturbed areas shall be returned to previous grade and re-seeded with park-approved seed mix immediately after work is completed. Salvage incidental native vegetation (as feasible) from project areas for reuse during restoration on disturbed areas. The Project Leader will consult with GRSM Supervisory Forester (Kris Johnson) on re-vegetation and invasive plant control prior to starting construction. This consultation will include park-approved seed mix label review. The Project Leader will coordinate revegetation and invasive plant monitoring with the Supervisory Forester. At a minimum, monitoring will occur at 6 weeks and 6 months after re-seeding. If necessary, Project Leader will coordinate implementation of corrective actions such as additional reseeding and invasive plant controls based on monitoring results. NPS Project Leader shall inform GRSM Supervisory Forester of construction schedule at least 2 months in advance.

All workers will be informed of the penalties of illegally collecting artifacts or intentionally damaging any archeological or historic property.

EFLHD NEPA Categorical Exclusion Form EFL-TM-ENV-03(04)

In the event that cultural resources are inadvertently encountered during the project, the site supervisor shall temporarily stop work to protect the resources and immediately notify the Superintendent and GRSM Archeologist. The Superintendent will notify the State Historic Preservation Office and Federally Recognized Indian Tribes, as appropriate, within 48 hours, or as soon as reasonably possible. The Superintendent, in consultation with the Project Leader, Section 106 Coordinator, and the appropriate members of the Cultural Resources Management Team, will make reasonable efforts to avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse effects on those cultural resources in consultation with the SHPO/THPO and Federally recognized Indian Tribes, as appropriate. If human remains or other cultural material that may fall under the provisions of Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) are present, the Superintendent will comply with NAGPRA and the Archeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA). The Superintendent will ensure that any human remains are left in situ, are not exposed, and remain protected while compliance with NAGPRA, Archaeological Resources Protection Act, or other applicable federal, state, and/or local laws and procedures is undertaken.

A public information program to warn of temporary closures, delays, and road hazards during construction shall be implemented. This program would help convey appropriate messages to the public and aid in mitigating potential impacts on visitors' expectations and experiences.

If project scope changes as project moves through design development and construction drawings/contract documentation, Cultural Resource staff will be consulted to confirm no additional consultation is required.

Summary of Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act Compliance FHWA and NPS reviewed the project and consulted with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in November 2019.

In cooperation with the NPS, the FHWA requested concurrence with the following affect determinations:

• Not likely to adversely affect the endangered Fine-rayed Pigtoe (Fusconaia cuneolus), endangered Gray Bat (Myotis grisescens), endangered Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis), endangered Oyster Mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis), endangered Spreading Avens (Geum radiatum), endangered Spruce-fir Moss Spider (Microhexura montivaga), threatened Northern Long-eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis), nor the threatened Virginia Spiraea (Spiraea virginiana). The determinations of not likely to adversely affect are based on distances from occurrence records and protective measures to be implemented during construction.

• No effect on the endangered Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus

EFLHD NEPA Categorical Exclusion Form EFL-TM-ENV-03(04) coloratus); endangered Duskytail Darter (Etheostoma percnurum), also called the Citico Darters (Etheostoma sitikuense); nor the threatened Snail Darter (Percina tanasi). The findings of no effect are based on the proposed bridge projects occurring outside of known species’ ranges.

In order to maintain not likely to adversely affect, project work shall comply with the Programmatic Biological Opinion for Transportation Projects in the Range of the Indiana Bat and Northern Long-Eared Bat, February 2018 Revision, found at https://www.fws.gov/Midwest/endangered/section7/fhwa/pdf/AppC_AMMsRevisedFeb2018.pdf

Project work shall not disturb wildlife species found nesting, hibernating, estivating, or otherwise living in, or immediately nearby, the work site. If species are encountered during construction activities, cease work and notify the CO and NPS natural resource staff immediately. Continue construction activities upon approval of the CO.

FWS recommends that an erosion and sediment plan be prepared in accordance with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting program guidelines prior to initiation of any construction activities. All instream work should be scheduled during the low flow period. Equipment staging and maintenance area should be developed an adequate distance from streams to avoid entry of petroleum-based pollutants into the water. Concrete and cement dust must be kept out of the streams as they alter water chemical properties and can be toxic to aquatic species.

FWS requires best management practices (BMPs) to be utilized throughout construction to minimize runoff of sediment and other containments into area streams. All sediment structures should be inspected and cleaned regularly to ensure the maximum level of sediment control. If structures fail or are found to be inadequate, work should cease and not resume until appropriate corrective measures have been taken.

Summary of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act Compliance The NPS completed NHPA compliance consultation in January 2020. Previous surveys indicate that the remains adjacent to the Elkmont Campground Bridge clearly do not represent in situ resources. Additionally, the ground disturbance area of potential effect (APE) associated with the Elkmont Road Bridge at Little River is previously disturbed from road and bridge construction and the slope of the terrain limits the probability of intact resources. Therefore, the proposed project would have no adverse effect on historic properties and no further archaeological investigation is recommended.

https://www.fws.gov/Midwest/endangered/section7/fhwa/pdf/AppC_AMMsRevisedFeb2018.pdf

EFLHD NEPA Categorical Exclusion Form EFL-TM-ENV-03(04)

The Park’s 106 Archeologist and Historical Landscape Architect reviewed the project actions.

Both Cultural Resource Specialists determined no adverse effect and recommended the Standard 4-Step Process for documentation, which included further consultation under 36 CFR Part 800.

The NPS received a letter from the Tennessee (TN) State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) on September 25, 2018, January 8, 2020, and January 14, 2020. The TN SHPO found that the project area contains a cultural resource eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and found that the project as currently proposed will not adversely affect the historic property. The TN SHPO also found that no archaeological resources eligible for listing in the NRHP will be affected by the undertaking. The TN SHPO had no objection to the project.

Additional Agency Coordination and Compliance The NPS Superintendent and Interdisciplinary team reviewed the scope of work and supporting documentation and all applicable associated compliance documentation and consultation (e.g., National Environmental Policy Act, National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), Endangered Species Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, Environmental Justice under EO 12898, Indian sacred sites under EO 13007, other related laws and policies). FHWA reviewed species, wetlands, flood zones, and other environmental attributes regulated under the same applicable laws and regulations.

The National Park Service made the assessment of no extraordinary circumstances and categorically excluded the project from further NEPA analysis, as documented in the Categorical Exclusion Form dated January 29, 2020, under the categorical exclusion DOI 516 Departmental Manual (DM) 12.5(C)(4) Routine maintenance and repairs to cultural resource sites, structures, utilities, and grounds under an approved Historic Structures Preservation Guide or Cyclic Maintenance Guide; or if the action would not adversely affect the cultural resource.

EFLHD NEPA Categorical Exclusion Form EFL-TM-ENV-03(04)

Appendix A: Environmental Checklist

Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act:

• Are Federally-listed species potentially present in the study area? ☒ Yes, see Notesi ☐ No

If Yes, effects determination:

☒ No Effect ☒ May Affect, Not Likely to Adversely Affect ☐ May Affect, Likely to Adversely Affect

Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act:

• Are historic properties known to be present in the study area? ☒ Yes ☐ No

If Yes, will they be impacted by the project? ☐ Yes ☒ No

• Will previously undisturbed ground be disturbed? ☒ Yes ☐ No

• Effects determination:

☐ No Historic Properties Affected ☒ No Adverse Effect ☐ Adverse Effect, MOA Executed

• Was tribal consultation completed? ☐ Yes ☒ No

Water and Wetlands:

• Section 404 of the Clean Water Act

Are impacts to Waters of the US anticipated? ☒ Yes ☐ No If Yes, approval anticipated:

☒ Nationwide Permit (NWP) ☐ Regional General Permit ☐ Individual Permit

• Section 401 of the Clean Water Act ☒ NWP certified by State ☐ Individual Certification

• Section 402 of the Clean Water Act (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) Will the land disturbance threshold likely be exceeded to require a permit and SWPPP?

☐ Yes ☒ No

• Is post-construction stormwater management review/approval anticipated? ☐ Yes ☒ No

• ☒ Project is consistent with Executive Order 11990, Protection of Wetlands

Floodplains:

• Is the project in a FEMA floodplain?

☒ Yes ☐ No ☐ Floodplain not mapped Proposed project actions have the potential to occur in FEMA Flood Zone A, areas subject to inundation by the 1-percent-annual chance flood event determined using approximate methodologies;

Flood Zone AE, areas subject to inundation by the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event determined by detailed methods; and Flood Zone X, areas subject to inundation by the 0.2-percent-annual-chance flood hazard and area of minimal flood hazard.

• ☒ Project is consistent with Executive Order 11988, Floodplain Management Section 4(f) of the USDOT Act:

• Does the project meet the Section 4(f) exemption for Federal lands transportation facilities under Section 1119(c)(2) of MAP-21, 23 U.S.C. 138(a)? ☒ Yes ☐ No

EFLHD NEPA Categorical Exclusion Form EFL-TM-ENV-03(04)

• Is there a use of a Section 4(f) property in the study area? ☐ Yes ☒ No If Yes: ☐ De Minimis Finding ☐ Programmatic ☐ Individual 4(f)

Section 6(f) of the Land and Water Conservation Fund:

• Was the property purchased with grant funds from the Land and Water Conservation Fund?

☐ Yes ☒ No

• If Yes, was documentation of approval from National Park Service Director received for the conversion or replacement of 6(f) property? ☐ Yes ☐ No Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972:

• Is the project in a Coastal Zone? ☐ Yes ☒ No

• If Yes, will a Federal Consistency Review be completed? ☐ Yes ☐ No

Right of Way:

• Is the project completely within the transportation facility’s right-of-way? ☒ Yes ☐ No

• If No, will the project require relocations or easements? ☐ Yes ☐ No

Hazardous Waste and Materials:

• Are hazardous materials or contamination exceeding regulatory thresholds (as set by U.S. EPA, County Environmental Health, etc.) present? ☐ Yes ☒ No

• If Yes, is the nature and extent of the hazardous materials or contamination fully known? ☐ Yes ☐ No, plan for securing information provided in Notes Section 7(a) of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act:

• Are there Wild and Scenic Rivers? ☐ Yes ☒ No ☐ Eligible If Yes, has review by the river-administering agency been completed? ☐ Yes ☐ No

Clean Air Act:

• Is the project in a non-attainment area? ☒ Yes ☐ No

The project occurs in the Ozone 8-hr (1997 standard) maintenance area, Ozone 8-hr (2008 standard) maintenance area, Ozone 8-hr (2015 standard) maintenance area, PM2.5 24hr (2006 standard) maintenance area, and the PM2.5 Annual (1997 standard) maintenance area If Yes, is the project on the Transportation Improvement Program(TIP)/State Implementation Plan(SIP)? ☒ Yes ☐ No

Highway Traffic and Construction Noise Regulations:

• ☐ The proposed project is a Type I project (highway on a new location, substantial horizontal or vertical alteration, new through or auxiliary lanes). Noise analysis is required.

• ☐ The proposed project is a Type II project (retrofit for noise abatement).

• ☒ The proposed project is a Type III project (noise analysis not required).

• ☐ Does not apply.

Environmental Justice and Title IV Act:

• Is an Environmental Justice population, as identified in Executive Order 12898, present?

☐ Yes, explanation provided in Notes section ☒ No

EFLHD NEPA Categorical Exclusion Form EFL-TM-ENV-03(04)

• Will the project induce disproportionately high and adverse impacts to minority, low income, or special groups? ☐ Yes, additional analysis is needed ☒ No

Farmland Protection Policy Act for Highway Projects:

• Does the project displace, require acquisition of, or require an easement from farmland?

☐ Yes ☒ No Does the project affect any other resources not listed above? Explain below and list anticipated permits:

Clean Water Act Section 401 and 404 Tennessee Valley Authority Section 26a i Federally-listed species per U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service consultation:

• May affect, Not likely to adversely affect o endangered Finerayed Pigtoe (Fusconaia cuneolus) o endangered Gray Bat (Myotis grisescens) o endangered Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis) o endangered Oyster Mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis) o endangered Spreading Avens (Geum radiatum) o endangered Spruce-fir Moss Spider (Microhexura montivaga) o threatened Northern Long-eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis) o threatened Virginia Spiraea (Spiraea virginiana)

• No effect o The endangered Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus). None of the bridges, where the project actions will take place, get close to the elevation where the Carolina Northern Flying Squirrels occur; they are only found at elevations 4,500 feet and above.

o The endangered Duskytail Darter (Etheostoma percnurum), also called the Citico Darters (Etheostoma sitikuense). This species does not occur in any of the eight bridge construction areas.

The species is only found in Abrams Creek downstream of Abrams Falls.

o The threatened Snail Darter (Percina tanasi). This species does not occur in any of the eight bridge construction areas, nor in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Date: 01/29/2020

Letter of Compliance Completion

To: Mike Tomkosky

From: Mark Collins

Subject: NEPA and NHPA Clearance: Rehabilitate Eight Bridges On the Tennessee Side of the Park (PEPC:

77236)(PMIS: 157528)

NEPA and NHPA Compliance Complete. For complete compliance information see PEPC Project 77236.

The Superintendent and Interdisciplinary team have reviewed the scope of work and supporting documentation provided in the Planning, Environment, and Public Comment (PEPC) system, and all applicable associated compliance documentation and consultation (e.g. National Environmental Policy Act, National Historic Preservation Act, Endangered Species Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, Wilderness Act, Tribal consultation under EO13175, and other related laws and policies).

The subject proposed project/action(s), therefore, is/are now cleared for all compliance requirements. Project plans and specifications are approved, project funds may be released, and construction and/or project implementation can commence with the following mitigations and conditions/stipulations.

Required Mitigations - For the proposed project actions to be within compliance requirements during construction and/or project implementation, the following mitigations must be adhered to:

• Construction sites will abide by best management practices regarding avoidance of tree damage. Trees will have fencing established to prevent vehicle damage to main stem, root pruning will be used to trim roots within below grade work zones, care will be given to avoid compaction of soils over root systems.

• Rainbow trout, brown trout, and native non-game fish are present at all bridge locations. Project includes instream work and construction schedule should consider timing of native fish spawning and seasonal stream flow patterns prior to implementation. Non-native rainbow trout spawn during March and April with eggs and young-of-year fish susceptible to sediment, nest excavation and de-watering through mid- May. Most native non-game fish species spawn between May and July. Low stream flows for GRSM typically occur between September and November, whereas peak stream flows typically occur between February and May. These stream flow and spawning behaviors should be considered when planning in-stream projects where fish species are present.

• A public information program to warn of temporary closures, delays, and road hazards during construction shall be implemented.This program would help convey appropriate messages to the public and aid in mitigating potential impacts on visitors' expectations and experiences

• Staging Areas - Equipment and material staging areas shall be limited to the existing paved and gravel roads and pull-offs at locations approved by the NPS Project Leader to protect vegetation, water quality, archeological resources, and the cultural landscape. Staging areas shall be sited and erosion and sediment control measures used so that runoff does not discharge directly to streams.

• Disturbed areas shall be returned to previous grade and re-seeded with park-approved seed mix immediately after work is completed. Salvage incidental native vegetation (as feasible) from project areas for reuse during restoration on disturbed areas. The Project Leader will consult with GRSM Supervisory Forester (Kris Johnson) on re-vegetation and invasive plant control prior to starting construction. This consultation will include park-approved seed mix label review. The Project Leader will coordinate re-vegetation and invasive plant monitoring with the Supervisory Forester. At a minimum, monitoring will occur at 6 weeks and 6 months after re-seeding. If necessary, Project Leader will coordinate implementation of corrective actions such as additional reseeding and invasive plant controls based on monitoring results. NPS Project Leader shall inform GRSM Supervisory Forester of construction schedule at least 2 months in advance.

• The GRSM Wildlife Branch shall conduct surveys prior to the start of construction to determine if bats, including state threatened tri-color and little brown bats, are using the bridges for roosting. If bats are roosting under a bridge, consult with GRSM Wildlife Branch to establish measures for avoiding and minimizing disturbance. If bats are using the bridges, construction work should be initiated between November 15 and March 31 to avoid and minimize disturbance. If a maternity colony is present, construction work shall not be initiated between June 1 and July 31. NPS Project Leader should inform Wildlife Branch Chief of construction schedule at least 2 months in advance.

• Tree Removal and Bats: When removing large trees (greater than 5 inches DBH) that have characteristics for summer bat roosts (i.e., dead trees with exfoliating bark, tree cavities, and crevices) then follow the decision process: 1). Remove potential roost trees only between Nov 15 and March 31 or 2). Have a qualified individual observe for bats existing in the trees for 30 minutes before and after sunset. If bats are observed, use mist netting to determine species or resurvey tree at a later date. Trees that would not be considered potential summer habitat for Indiana bats and northern long-eared bats include: 1) root sprung trees that pose a hazard along trails, roads or developed areas; 2) live trees with tight bark and no crevices or hollows that could be used as roosts, and 3) Spruce/Fir forests.

• As few trees as possible shall be removed during this project. Measures must be taken to minimize ground disturbance while removing trees. For example, move the tree the minimum distance necessary; use a grapple bucket, highline and winch, or other low-impact methods; elevate tree ends above the ground surface to limit plowing or trenching of duff and soil from pulling logs; and do not push logs or slash with construction equipment. Trees and slash should be removed from the site and legally disposed of outside the park or used for park administrative purposes.

• All workers will be informed of the penalties of illegally collecting artifacts or intentionally damaging any archeological or historic property.

• Project includes in stream work in TDEC designated Outstanding National Resource Waters (Little River) and Exceptional TN waters (Dudley Creek). FHWA shall determine specific TDEC and COE permitting requirements, include applicable permit conditions in construction documents, obtain permits prior to construction, and ensure work is completed in accordance with the permits.

• Follow guidelines established in GRSM Management Directive #33-Preventing Introduction and Spread of Invasive Non-Native Plants. Consult GRSM Supervisory Forester (Kris Johnson) prior to transporting materials (e.g., soil, gravel, rock) from in-park stockpiles or importing materials from outside the park. All equipment and tools shall be cleaned completely prior to entering the work zone to prevent the spreading of non-invasive plant seeds. Equipment shall be inspected for compliance. Do not place straw on disturbed lands. Reseed with park approved seed mix only.

• In the event that cultural resources are inadvertently encountered during the project, the site supervisor shall temporarily stop work to protect the resources and immediately notify the Superintendent and GRSM Archeologist. The Superintendent will notify the State Historic Preservation Office and Federally Recognized Indian Tribes, as appropriate, within 48 hours, or as soon as reasonably possible. The Superintendent in consultation with the Project Leader, Section 106 Coordinator, and the appropriate members of the Cultural Resources Management Team, will make reasonable efforts to avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse effects on those cultural resources in consultation with the SHPO/THPO and Federally recognized Indian Tribes, as appropriate. If human remains or other cultural material that may fall under the provisions of Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) are present, the Superintendent will comply with NAGPRA and the Archeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA). The Superintendent will ensure that any human remains are left in situ, are not exposed, and remain protected while compliance with NAGPRA, Archaeological Resources Protection Act, or other applicable federal, state, and/or local laws and procedures is undertaken.

• If project scope changes as project moves through design development and construction drawings/contract documentation Cultural Resource staff will be consulted to confirm no additional consultation is required.

There are no additional NHPA Recommendations for Conditions or Stipulations identified.

Great Smoky Mountains National Park Date: 01/29/2020

Categorical Exclusion Documentation Form (CE Form)

Project: Rehabilitate Eight Bridges On the Tennessee Side of the Park PEPC Project Number: 77236 Description of Action (Project Description):

Great Smoky Mountains National Park is proposing to rehabilitate eight bridges on the Tennessee side of the park. A summary of the proposed work on each bridge is provided below and additional details are in the attached 70% plans and Special Contract Requirements. Inspection reports for each bridge are also attached. In stream work would be required at four of the bridges to repair scour and undermining. Temporary construction access would be established to complete in stream work at two bridges (Elkmont Campground and Ramsey Cascade).

Structure No. 5460-013P - Sinks Bridge - Little River Gorge Road - Route 0014; Repair or replace damaged bridge rail sections and mounting hardware. Repoint stone masonry, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-0162P - Camp Two Bridge - Little River Gorge Road - Route 0014: Crack sealing abutments and wingwalls, clean and repaint masonry joints on abutments and wingwalls, install steel armor plating along upstream side of pier, repair scour and undermining around bridge abutments, piers, and wingwalls, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-042P - Gatlinburg Bypass Bridge #3 - Campbell Lead Road - Route 0163AZ; Remove asphalt wearing course, repair deck, install concrete deck, replace expansion joints, remove formwork and inside of concrete box beams, install new concrete deck, and clean and repoint masonry joints on wingwalls and parapets, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-048P - Elkmont Campground Bridge - Elkmont Campground Road G - Route 0233GZ;

Remove asphalt wearing course, repair deck, install new concrete deck, clean and repoint masonry joints on abutments and wingwalls, clean the seal cracks on abutments and wingwall, replace deck drains and sidewalks, install new bridge railings, repair scour and undermining around bridge abutments, piers, and lower existing water line to below deck line, repaving bridge approaches, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 546-047P - Elkmont Road Bridge at Little River - Little River Road - Route 0133; Clean and recoat deteriorated corrugated steel plate and clean and repoint masonry joints, reset loose capstones on the upstream side of a pier footing, and repair scour and undermining around bridge abutments, piers, and wingwalls, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-0S0P - Headquarters Residence Bridge - Sugarlands Residence Road - Route 0430; Remove asphalt wearing course, repair deck, install new concrete deck, repair and seal vertical cracks and spalls on concrete beams, repaving bridge approaches, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-060P - Ramsey Cascades Road Bridge # 1 - Ramsey Prong Road = Route 0113: Replace timber deck, curb, and replace weathering steel beams, and repair scour and undermining around bridge abutments, piers, and wingwalls, constructing paved bridge approaches, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-078P - Horse Stable Bridge - Smoky Mountain stables (Dudley Creek Road) - Route 0112:

Replace timber deck, curb, and rail, and replace weathering steel beams, repaving and constructing bridge approaches, and other miscellaneous work.

Project Locations:

Location 1 County: Sevier State: TN

Location 2 County: Blount State: TN

Mitigation(s):

• Construction sites will abide by best management practices regarding avoidance of tree damage. Trees will have fencing established to prevent vehicle damage to main stem, root pruning will be used to trim roots within below grade work zones, care will be given to avoid compaction of soils over root systems.

• Rainbow trout, brown trout, and native non-game fish are present at all bridge locations. Project includes instream work and construction schedule should consider timing of native fish spawning and seasonal stream flow patterns prior to implementation. Non-native rainbow trout spawn during March and April with eggs and young-of-year fish susceptible to sediment, nest excavation and de-watering through mid- May. Most native non-game fish species spawn between May and July. Low stream flows for GRSM typically occur between September and November, whereas peak stream flows typically occur between February and May. These stream flow and spawning behaviors should be considered when planning in-stream projects where fish species are present.

• A public information program to warn of temporary closures, delays, and road hazards during construction shall be implemented. This program would help convey appropriate messages to the public and aid in mitigating potential impacts on visitors' expectations and experiences

• Staging Areas - Equipment and material staging areas shall be limited to the existing paved and gravel roads and pull-offs at locations approved by the NPS Project Leader to protect vegetation, water quality, archeological resources, and the cultural landscape. Staging areas shall be sited and erosion and sediment control measures used so that runoff does not discharge directly to streams.

• Disturbed areas shall be returned to previous grade and re-seeded with park-approved seed mix immediately after work is completed. Salvage incidental native vegetation (as feasible) from project areas for reuse during restoration on disturbed areas. The Project Leader will consult with GRSM Supervisory Forester (Kris Johnson) on re-vegetation and invasive plant control prior to starting construction. This consultation will include park-approved seed mix label review. The Project Leader will coordinate re-vegetation and invasive plant monitoring with the Supervisory Forester. At a minimum, monitoring will occur at 6 weeks and 6 months after re-seeding. If necessary, Project Leader will coordinate implementation of corrective actions such as additional reseeding and invasive plant controls based on monitoring results. NPS Project Leader shall inform GRSM Supervisory Forester of construction schedule at least 2 months in advance.

• The GRSM Wildlife Branch shall conduct surveys prior to the start of construction to determine if bats, including state threatened tri-color and little brown bats, are using the bridges for roosting. If bats are roosting under a bridge, consult with GRSM Wildlife Branch to establish measures for avoiding and minimizing disturbance. If bats are using the bridges, construction work should be initiated between November 15 and March 31 to avoid and minimize disturbance. If a maternity colony is present, construction work shall not be initiated between June 1 and July 31. NPS Project Leader should inform Wildlife Branch Chief of construction schedule at least 2 months in advance.

• Tree Removal and Bats: When removing large trees (greater than 5 inches DBH) that have characteristics for summer bat roosts (i.e., dead trees with exfoliating bark, tree cavities, and crevices) then follow the decision process: 1). Remove potential roost trees only between Nov 15 and March 31 or 2). Have a qualified individual observe for bats existing in the trees for 30 minutes before and after sunset. If bats are

Extraordinary Circumstances:

If implemented, would the proposal... Yes/No Notes A. Have significant impacts on public health or safety? No

B. Have significant impacts on such natural resources and unique geographic characteristics as historic or cultural resources; park, recreation, or refuge lands; wilderness areas; wild or scenic rivers; national natural landmarks; sole or principal drinking water aquifers; prime farmlands;

wetlands (Executive Order 11990); floodplains (Executive Order 11988); national monuments;

migratory birds; and other ecologically significant or critical areas?

No

C. Have highly controversial environmental effects or involve unresolved conflicts concerning alternative uses of available resources (NEPA section 102(2)(E))?

D. Have highly uncertain and potentially significant environmental effects or involve unique or unknown environmental risks?

E. Establish a precedent for future action or represent a decision in principle about future actions with potentially significant environmental effects?

F. Have a direct relationship to other actions with individually insignificant, but cumulatively significant, environmental effects?

G. Have significant impacts on properties listed or eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, as determined by either the bureau or office?

H. Have significant impacts on species listed or proposed to be listed on the List of Endangered or Threatened Species, or have significant impacts on designated Critical Habitat for these species?

I. Violate a federal, state, local or tribal law or requirement imposed for the protection of the environment?

J. Have a disproportionately high and adverse effect on low income or minority populations (EO 12898)?

K. Limit access to and ceremonial use of Indian sacred sites on federal lands by Indian religious practitioners or adversely affect the physical integrity of such sacred sites (EO 130007)?

L. Contribute to the introduction, continued existence, or spread of noxious weeds or non-native invasive species known to occur in the area or actions that may promote the introduction, growth, or expansion of the range of such species (Federal Noxious Weed Control Act and Executive Order 13112)?

Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Date: 01/29/2020

ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING FORM (ESF)

Updated Sept 2015 per NPS NEPA Handbook

A. PROJECT INFORMATION

Project Title: Rehabilitate Eight Bridges On the Tennessee Side of the Park PEPC Project Number: 77236 PMIS Number: 157528 Project Type: Repair/Rehabilitation (REHAB) Project Location:

County, State: Sevier, Tennessee County, State: Blount, Tennessee

Project Leader: Imelda Wegwerth

B. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Great Smoky Mountains National Park is proposing to rehabilitate eight bridges on the Tennessee side of the park. A summary of the proposed work on each bridge is provided below and additional details are in the attached 70% plans and Special Contract Requirements. Inspection reports for each bridge are also attached. In stream work would be required at four of the bridges to repair scour and undermining. Temporary construction access would be established to complete in stream work at two bridges (Elkmont Campground and Ramsey Cascade).

Structure No. 5460-013P - Sinks Bridge - Little River Gorge Road - Route 0014; Repair or replace damaged bridge rail sections and mounting hardware. Repoint stone masonry, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-0162P - Camp Two Bridge - Little River Gorge Road - Route 0014: Crack sealing abutments and wingwalls, clean and repaint masonry joints on abutments and wingwalls, install steel armor plating along upstream side of pier, repair scour and undermining around bridge abutments, piers, and wingwalls, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-042P - Gatlinburg Bypass Bridge #3 - Campbell Lead Road - Route 0163AZ; Remove asphalt wearing course, repair deck, install concrete deck, replace expansion joints, remove formwork and inside of concrete box beams, install new concrete deck, and clean and repoint masonry joints on wingwalls and parapets, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-048P - Elkmont Campground Bridge - Elkmont Campground Road G - Route 0233GZ;

Remove asphalt wearing course, repair deck, install new concrete deck, clean and repoint masonry joints on abutments and wingwalls, clean the seal cracks on abutments and wingwall, replace deck drains and sidewalks, install new bridge railings, repair scour and undermining around bridge abutments, piers, and lower existing water line to below deck line, repaving bridge approaches, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 546-047P - Elkmont Road Bridge at Little River - Little River Road - Route 0133; Clean and recoat deteriorated corrugated steel plate and clean and repoint masonry joints, reset loose capstones on the upstream side of a pier footing, and repair scour and undermining around bridge abutments, piers, and wingwalls, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-0S0P - Headquarters Residence Bridge - Sugarlands Residence Road - Route 0430; Remove asphalt wearing course, repair deck, install new concrete deck, repair and seal vertical cracks and spalls on concrete beams, repaving bridge approaches, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-060P - Ramsey Cascades Road Bridge # 1 - Ramsey Prong Road = Route 0113: Replace timber deck, curb, and replace weathering steel beams, and repair scour and undermining around bridge abutments, piers, and wingwalls, constructing paved bridge approaches, and other miscellaneous work.

Structure No. 5460-078P - Horse Stable Bridge - Smoky Mountain stables (Dudley Creek Road) - Route 0112:

Replace timber deck, curb, and rail, and replace weathering steel beams, repaving and constructing bridge approaches, and other miscellaneous work.

C. RESOURCE IMPACTS TO CONSIDER:

Resource Potential for Impact

Potential Issues & Impacts

Air Air Quality

None

Air Climate Change

Biological Areas of high Biological Diversity

Cave/karst Resources

Communities of Special Concern

Nonnative or Exotic Species native plant communities

Potential Issue: invasive exotic plants may be introduced into disturbed areas

Impact: Invasive exotic plants may become established and spread to adjacent sites. see mitigations

Biological Species of Special Concern or Their Habitat Bats

Potential Issue: Several species of bats including the little brown bat and tri-colored bat roost in the crevices and cracks of bridges.

Impact: Potential disturbance to individual bats and/or maternity colonies.

Biological Vegetation

Wildlife and/or Wildlife Habitat including terrestrial and aquatic species

Cultural Archeological Resources

Potential Issue: Ground Disturbance

Subsurface archeological resources Impact: potential adverse effect to subsurface resources if construction does not remain within previously disturbed road / bridge prism.

Cultural Cultural Landscapes Bridge Design and

Potential Issue: Replacement material doesn't maintain existing design features.

Impact: Repair/ rehab work should covered under Programmatic Agreement.

Cultural Ethnographic Resources

Museum Collections

Prehistoric/historic structures Bridges

Potential Issue: Replacement material doesn't maintain existing design features.

Impact: Repair/ rehab work should covered under Programmatic Agreement.

Geological Geologic Features

Geological Geologic Processes

Lightscapes Lightscapes

Other Human Health and Safety

Socioeconomic Land Use

Minority and low-income populations, size, migration patterns, etc.

energy/sustainability

Soundscapes Soundscapes

Viewsheds Viewsheds

Visitor Use and Experience Recreation Resources

APPENDIX A – Project Information Project NP‐GRSM 14(3),112(1),ETC.

Bridge Sites

LOCATION MAP

No Scale

1. Headquarters Residence Bridge, Structure No. 5460-050P

2. Gatlinburg Bypass Bridge #3, Structure No. 5460-042P

3. Horse Stable Bridge, Structure No. 5460-078P

4. Ramsey Cascades Road Bridge #1, Structure No. 5460-060P

5. Elkmont Campground Bridge, Structure No. 5460-048P

6. Elkmont Road Bridge At Little River, Structure No. 5460-047P

7. Sinks Bridge, Structure No. 5460-013P

8. Camp Two Bridge, Structure No. 5460-162P

Sevier and Blount Counties, Tennessee

APPENDIX C – Selected Photos Project NP–GRSM 14(3),112(1),ETC.

Figure 2. Damaged bridge rail on Sinks Bridge.

Figure 1. View from downstream of Sinks Bridge, Structure 5460-013P.

Figure 4. View of underside and pier of Camp Two Bridge.

Figure 3. View from upstream of Camp Two Bridge, Structure 5460-162P.

Figure 5. Topside view looking east of Elkmont Campground Bridge, Structure 5460-048P.

Figure 6. View from downstream showing sewer line alongside deck of Elkmont Campground Bridge.

Figure 7. View from upstream of Elkmont Road Bridge At Little River, Structure 5460-047P. Stream debris that interferes with the proposed work will be removed.

Figure 8. Typical wear of bituminous coating on corrugated steel plate arch of Elkmont Road Bridge At Little River.

Figure 9. Topside view looking west of Headquarters Residence Bridge, Structure 5460-050P.

Figure 10. View from downstream of Headquarters Residence Bridge.

Figure 11. Topside view looking south of Gatlinburg Bypass Bridge #3, Structure 5460-042P.

Figure 12. View of underside looking at south abutment of Gatlinburg Bypass Bridge #3.

Figure 13. Topside view looking north towards U.S. Route 321 of Horse Stable Bridge, Structure 5460-078P.

Figure 14. View from downstream of Horse Stable Bridge.

Figure 15. Topside view looking east of Ramsey Cascades Road Bridge #1, Structure…