312011EarthMovingSF - Revised.pdf

MARION NATIONAL CEMETERY BID DOCUMENTS(Addendum 01)

NEW LAND EXPANSION 10/30/2024

NCA PROJECT NO. 817CM3025

EARTH MOVING (SHORT FORM)

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SECTION 31 20 11

EARTH MOVING (SHORT FORM)

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Earthwork including excavation, fill, backfill, and lawn restoration.

1.2 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

A. Materials testing and inspection during construction: Section 01 45 29, TESTING LABORATORY SERVICES.

1.3 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT FOR ROCK EXCAVATION

A. Measurement: Cross section and measure the uncovered and separated materials, and compute quantities by the Registered Professional Land

Surveyor or Registered Civil Engineer, specified in Section 01 00 00, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. Do not measure quantities beyond the following limits:

1. 300 mm (12 inches) outside of the perimeter of formed footings.

2. 600 mm (24 inches) outside the face of concrete work when forms are required, except for footings.

3. 150 mm (6 inches) below the bottom of pipe and maximum the pipe diameter plus 600 mm (24 inches) in width for pipe trenches.

4. Outside dimensions of concrete work when no forms are required

(trenches, conduits, and similar items not requiring forms).

B. Payment: No separate payment shall be made for rock excavation quantities shown. The contract price and time will be adjusted for overruns or underruns according to Articles, DIFFERING SITE CONDITIONS, CHANGES and CHANGES-SUPPLEMENT of the GENERAL CONDITIONS as applicable.

1.4 DEFINITIONS

A. Unsuitable Materials:

1. Fills: Topsoil, frozen materials; construction materials and materials subject to decomposition; clods of clay and stones larger than 75 mm (3 inches); organic materials, including silts, which are unstable; and inorganic materials, including silts, too wet to be stable. Existing Subgrade (except footings): Same materials as above paragraph, not capable of direct support of slabs, pavement, and

31 20 11 - 2 similar items, with the possible exception of improvement by compaction, proof rolling, or similar methods of improvement.

2. Existing Subgrade (footings only): Same as Paragraph 1, but no fill or backfill. If materials differ from reference borings and design requirements, excavate to acceptable strata subject to Contracting

Officer's Representative's (COR) approval.

3. Per specification section 01 57 19 – Temporary Environmental

Controls, contractor is responsible for maintaining positive drainage away from excavations throughout construction. Suitable materials that have been made unsuitable as a result of runoff entering excavations, or from rainfall, shall be restored to suitable condition or removed at no cost to the owner.

4. Fat Clay: Soils categorized by the USCS soil classification system as CH. When encountered fay clay soils are to be undercut where present up to 2 feet below the base of foundations and 1 foot below finished grade in other areas.

B. Earthwork: Earthwork operations required within the new construction area. Also includes earthwork required for auxiliary structures and buildings and sewer and other trench work throughout the job site.

C. Degree of Compaction: Degree of compaction is expressed as a percentage of maximum density obtained by the test procedure presented in

ASTM D1557.

D. Suitable Fill:

1. Structural Fill: Material used below, or within 10 feet of structures or pavements as outlined in the Geotechnical Report.

2. General Fill: Material used to achieve grade outside of the areas considered for structural fill as outlined in the Geotechnical

Report.

3. Structural and general fill shall consist of approved materials free of organic matter and debris with a maximum particle size of 6 inches for general fill and 3 inches for structural fill. Frozen materials shall not be used, and fill shall not be placed on a frozen subgrade as outlined in the Geotechnical Report.

4. Low Plasticity Cohesive Soil: Soils categorized by the USCS soil classification system as CL, CL-ML, ML, SM, SC. Acceptable for use as Structural or General Fill as outlined in the Geotechnical

Report.

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5. Granular Fill: Soils categorized by the USCS soil classification system as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, SC. Acceptable for use as

Structural or General Fill as outlined in the Geotechnical Report.

6. On-Site Fill: Soils categorized by the USCS soil classification system as CL, CL-ML, SP, or SM. Acceptable for use as Structural or

General Fill as outlined in the Geotechnical Report. Soils categorized by the USCS soil classification system as CH are acceptable for General Fill but not as Structural Fill as outlined in the Geotechnical Report.

E. Topsoil: Fertile, friable, natural topsoil of loamy character and characteristic of locality, capable of growing healthy horticultural crops of grasses.

1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATION

A. Unclassified Excavation: Removal and disposal of pavements and other man-made obstructions visible on the surface; utilities, and other items including underground structures indicated to be demolished and removed; together with any type of materials regardless of character of material and obstructions encountered.

B. Classified Excavation: Removal and disposal of all material not defined as rock.

C. Rock Excavation:

1. Solid ledge rock (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock).

2. Bedded or conglomerate deposits, cemented to present characteristics of solid rock which cannot be excavated without blasting; or the use of modern power excavator (shovel, backhoe, or similar power excavators) minimum 0.75 m3 (1 cubic yard) capacity, properly used, having adequate power and in good running condition.

3. Boulders or other detached stones each having a volume of 0.4 cubic meter (1/2 cubic yard) or more.

D. As a minimum, excavations shall be performed in accordance with OSHA 29

CFR, Part 1926, Subpart P, “Excavations” and its appendices, and in accordance with any applicable local and/or state regulations.

1.6 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

A. Comply with references to extent specified in this section.

B. American Nursery and Landscape Association (ANLA):

1. 2004 - American Standard for Nursery Stock.

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C. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO):

1. T99-01 (R2004) - Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5 kg

(5.5 lb) Rammer and a 305 mm (12 inch) Drop.

2. T180-01 (2004) - Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg

[10 lb] Rammer and a 457 mm (18 inch) Drop.

D. ASTM International (ASTM):

1. D698-07 - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using

Standard Effort.

2. D1557-07 - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using

Modified Effort.

E. Standard Specifications of (Insert name of local state) State

Department of Transportation, latest revision.

1.7 SUBMITTALS

A. Submittal Procedures: Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND SAMPLES.

B. Submittal Drawings:

1. Show size, configuration, and fabrication and installation details.

2. Plot plan showing elevations.

C. Test Reports: Certify each product complies with specifications.

1. Rock Excavation Report:

2. Certification of rock quantities excavated.

a. Excavation method.

b. Labor.

c. Equipment.

3. Land Surveyor's or Civil Engineer's name and official registration stamp.

D. Samples:

1. Soil Samples: Provide proposed off site or on site fill material to

COR, suitable for laboratory tests.

1.8 DELIVERY

A. Deliver products in manufacturer's original sealed packaging.

B. Mark packaging, legibly. Indicate manufacturer's name or brand, type, production run number, and manufacture date.

C. Before installation, return or dispose of products within distorted, damaged, or opened packaging.

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PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Fills: Materials approved from on site and off site sources.

1. Dry Density: 1760 kg/m3 (110 pcf) minimum.

2. Plasticity Index: 6 maximum.

3. Liquid Limit: 30 maximum.

B. Granular Fill:

1. Under Concrete Slab: Crushed stone or gravel graded from 25 mm

(1 inch) to 4.75 mm (No. 4).

2. Bedding for Sanitary and Storm Sewer Pipe, crushed stone or gravel graded from 13 mm (1/2 inch) to 4.75 mm (No. 4).

3. All crushed stone shall be provided by a state-qualified quarry/pit.

Construction methods are to be in accordance with INDOT Standard

Specifications.

C. Aggregate base & Compacted aggregate base:

1. Material complying with INDOT specifications section 300 INDOT specifications section 904.03.e #53 Base Material.

2. Material acceptable for use complying with geotechnical report.

D. Sand (Preplaced Crypts):

1. Material complying with specification section 03 48 21.

2. Material complying with INDOT specifications section 904.02.e Fine

Aggregates – Mortar sand.

3. Material acceptable for use complying with geotechnical report.

E. Fertilizer: 5 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorus, and 5 percent potash.

F. Seed: Grass mixture comparable to existing turf.

G. Sod: Comparable species with existing turf, without broken pads and torn or uneven ends. Use State Certified or State Approved sod when available.

1. Thickness of Cut: 19 mm to 32 mm (3/4 inch to 1 1/4 inches) excluding top growth.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 SITE PREPARATION

A. Clearing:

1. Clear within the limits of earthwork operations as described or designated by the COR. If unexpected fills or underground facilities

31 20 11 - 6 are encountered, such features shall be removed at the discretion of the COR, and the excavation shall be thoroughly cleaned prior to backfill placement and/or construction.

2. Remove trees, shrubs, roots, topsoil, fences, foundations, incidental structures, paving, debris, trash and any other obstructions.

3. Remove unsuitable and excess materials from the Cemetery Property.

B. Grubbing:

1. Remove stumps and roots 75 mm (3 inches) and larger diameter.

2. Leave undisturbed sound stumps, roots up to 75 mm (3 inches) diameter, and nonperishable solid objects minimum 900 mm (3 feet) below subgrade or finished embankment.

3. Do not leave material within the burial profile up to 2400 mm

(8 feet) below finished grade.

C. Trees and Shrubs:

1. Remove trees and shrubs, not shown for removal, within 4500 mm

(15 feet) of new construction and 2250 mm (7’-6”) of utility lines when approved in advance by the COR. Where trees are removed, the full root ball and all associated dry and desiccated soils shall be removed.

2. Remove unsuitable and excess materials from the Cemetery Property.

3. Transplant trees and shrubs with a ball of earth and burlap according to the latest issue of the, "American Standard for Nursery

Stock", of the American Association of Nurserymen, Inc.

4. Transplant trees and shrubs to a permanent or temporary position within two hours after digging.

5. Maintain trees and shrubs held in temporary locations by watering as necessary and feeding liquid fertilizer semi-annually with a minimum analysis of 5 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorus and 5 percent potash.

6. Maintain plants moved to permanent positions as specified for plants in temporary locations until substantial completion.

7. Protect from damage, existing trees and shrubs. Trim, clean, and paint existing trees and shrubs including the roots, according to standard industry horticultural practice for the geographic area and plant species.

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8. Do not store building materials closer to trees and shrubs to remain than the farthest extension of limbs.

D. Stripping Topsoil: Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings, extend limits of earthwork operations anywhere the existing grade is filled or cut or where construction operations have compacted or otherwise disturbed the existing grade or turf. Strip topsoil as defined herein, or as indicated in the geotechnical report, within the limits of earthwork operations as specified above, unless specifically indicated or specified elsewhere in the specifications or shown on the drawings.

Stockpile topsoil and protect as directed by the COR. Eliminate foreign material larger than 0.014 cubic meter (1/2 cubic foot) in volume, from soil when stockpiled. Retain topsoil on station. Remove foreign materials larger than 50 mm (2 inches) in any dimension from topsoil used in final grading. Do not excavate wet topsoil.

1. Test soil for chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers when topsoil is removed from formerly utilized as farmland, to verify suitability for use in new lawn areas.

E. Concrete Slabs and Paving:

1. Score deeply or saw cut existing concrete slabs and paving to be removed in a neat, straight cut, sections where excavation or trenching occurs.

2. Extend pavement section, minimum of 300 mm (12 inches) on both sides of widest part of trench excavation. Provide parallel final score lines unless otherwise indicated on Drawings.

3. Remove unsuitable and excess material from the Cemetery Property.

F. Disposal:

1. Remove materials from site and disposed of at legally approved site.

2. Comply with applicable Federal, State and local regulations. Do not burn materials on site.

3.2 EXCAVATION

A. Shoring, Sheeting and Bracing: Shore, brace, or slope to an angle of repose banks of excavations to protect workmen, banks, adjacent paving, structures, and utilities, in compliance with OSHA requirements.

1. Extend shoring and bracing to bottom of the excavation. Shore excavations carried below the elevations of adjacent existing foundations.

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2. Provide concrete fill support when bearing of foundation is disturbed by excavation, improper shoring or removal of shoring, placing of backfill, and similar operations, under disturbed foundations, as directed by COR. Do not remove shoring until permanent work in excavation has been inspected and approved by COR.

B. Excavation Drainage:

1. Operate pumping equipment, and install other materials, means and equipment to keep excavations free from traffic and subgrades dry, firm, and undisturbed until permanent work is received by COR.

2. Obtain approval from COR before placement of permanent work on subgrades.

3. Remove disturbed material to firm undisturbed material after water is brought under control, when subgrade for foundations is disturbed by water. Replace disturbed subgrade in trenches by mechanically tamped sand or gravel.

C. Blasting: Blasting is not acceptable.

D. Building Earthwork:

1. Excavate foundation excavations to solid undisturbed subgrade.

2. Remove loose or soft material to solid bottom.

3. Fill excess cut under footings or foundations with 25 MPa (3000 psi) concrete, poured separately from the footings.

4. Do not tamp earth for backfilling in footing bottoms.

E. Trench Earthwork:

1. Utility Trenches (Except Sanitary and Storm Sewer):

a. Excavate to width required for sheeting and bracing and proper performance of Work.

b. Grade bottom of trenches with bell-holes, scooped-out to provide uniform bearing.

c. Support piping on undisturbed earth unless a mechanical support is indicated on Drawings.

d. The length of open trench in advance of pipe laying shall not be greater than is authorized by the COR.

2. Sanitary and storm sewer trenches:

a. Trench Width:

1) Below Point 150 mm (6 inches) Above Top of Pipe:

a) Pipe up to 300 mm (12 inches): 600 mm (24 inches) diameter.

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b) Pipe Larger than 300 mm (l2 inches): 4/3 diameter of pipe plus 200 mm (8 inches).

2) Trench Width Above 150 mm (6 inches): Pipe size as required for sheeting and bracing and proper performance of the Work.

b. Bed Bottom Quadrant of Pipe:

1) Undisturbed Soil: Bell holes no larger than necessary for jointing. Backfill with clean earth, placed and tamped by hand, maximum 300 mm (12 inches) above top of pipe.

2) Granular Fill: Depth of fill minimum 75 mm (3 inches) plus one-sixth of pipe diameter below the pipe of 300 mm

(12 inches) above top of pipe. Place and tamp fill material by hand.

c. Place and compact excess backfill using acceptable excavated materials. Do not use unsuitable materials.

d. Use granular fill for bedding where rock or rocky materials are excavated.

F. Site Earthwork:

1. Perform excavation as indicated on Drawings and as follows:

a. Remove and replace unsuitable subgrade materials, as determined by the COR.

b. Obtain material samples for soil classification, under COR's direction, for testing by an approved testing laboratory to determine suitability.

c. When unsuitable material is encountered and removed, the contract price and time will be adjusted according to Articles, DIFFERING SITE CONDITIONS, CHANGES and CHANGES-SUPPLEMENT of the

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS as applicable. Adjustments to be based on cubic meters (cubic yard) in cut section only.

d. Overexcavation for structural fill shall be backfilled up to the design footing level with granular fill, see Geotechnical Report for requirements.

e. Backfill placed against structures shall consist of granular fill or low plascticity cohesive soil. For granular values to be valid, the granular backfill must extend out and up from the base of the wall at an angle of at least 45 degrees from vertical for the active case.

2. Finished subgrade elevation as follows:

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a. Pavement Areas: Bottom of pavement or base course as applicable.

b. Planting and Lawn Areas: 100 mm (4 inches) below finished grade, unless otherwise specified or indicated on the Drawings.

3.3 FILLING AND BACKFILLING

A. General: Fill or backfill when all debris, unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials have been removed from excavation.

Any unstable soils which will receive fill, building elements, or pavements once properly cleared and benched, where necessary, should be removed or scarified to a minimum depth of 10 in., moisture conditioned, and compacted per the compaction requirements in the Geotechnical Report. Compacted structural fill soils shall then be placed to the proposed design grade and the water content and compaction of subgrade soils shall be maintained until foundation or pavement construction. Proof-roll exposed subgrades with a fully loaded dump truck. Use excavated materials or borrow for fill and backfill, as applicable. Do not use unsuitable excavated materials. Do not backfill until foundation walls have been completed above grade and adequately braced, waterproofing or dampproofing applied, and pipes in contact with backfill have been installed, and work inspected and approved by

COR.

A. Proofrolling Existing Subgrade:

1. Proof roll with fully loaded tandem-axle dump truck. Make a minimum of one pass in each direction. Remove unstable uncompactable material and replace with granular fill material completed to mix requirements specified.

2. Areas excessively deflecting under the proofroll shall be delineated and subsequently addressed by the COR.

B. Placing: Place material in horizontal layers not exceeding 200 mm

(8 inches) loose depth and then compacted. Do not place material muddy, frozen, or with frost surfaces.

C. Compaction: Use approved equipment (hand or mechanical) to suit type of material compacted. Do not operate mechanized vibratory compaction equipment within 3000 mm (10 feet) of new or existing building walls without prior approval of the COR. Moisten or aerate material necessary to provide moisture content that will readily facilitate obtaining specified compaction with equipment used. Compact each layer minimum 95 percent of maximum density (or as specified on plans or below) determined according to the following test method /ASTM D1557.

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1. Maximum Lift Thickness: 8 inches or less in loose thickness when heavy, self-propelled compaction equipment is used, 4 to 6 inches in loose thickness when hand-guided equipment is used for both structural and general fills as outlined in the Geotechnical Report.

Each lift of compacted fill shall be tested, evaluated, and reworked as necessary at the discretion of the COR. Each lift of fill shall be tested for density and water content at a frequency of at least one test for every 2,500 square feet of compacted fill in the building areas and every 5,000 square feet in pavement areas. Where not specified by local ordinance, one density and water content test shall be performed for every 100 linear feet of compacted utility trench backfill and a minimum of one test performed for every 12 vertical inches of compacted backfill.

2. Minimum Compaction Requirements: 95 percent of maximum below foundations slabs and pavements for structural fill, 90 percent of maximum if some settlement is tolerable as outlined in the

Geotechnical Report.

3. Water Content Range: Low plasticity cohesive -2 percent to +3 percent of optimum, high plasticity cohesive 0 to +4 percent of optimum, granular -3 percent to +3 percent of optimum for structural fills. As required to achieve minimum compaction requirements for general fill. Maximum density and optimum water content as determined by the modified proctor test (ASTM D 1557) as outlined in the Geotechnical Report.

4. When encountered, granular soils exposed at the footing subgrade are to be compacted in place with manually-operated compaction equipment prior to placing structural fill, steel , and/or concrete. In the case that surficial compaction is determined not to be adequate, construction of a working surface consisting of either crushed stone or a lean concrete mud mat is required prior to the placement of reinforcing steel and construction of foundations as outlined in the

Geotechnical Report.

5. Compacted Aggregate Base shall meet ISS 202, Section 301 Aggregate

Base.

3.4 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas within limits specified, including adjacent transition areas. Smooth finished surface within specified

31 20 11 - 12 tolerance. Provide uniform levels or slopes between points where elevations are indicated, or between points and existing finished grades. Provide smooth transition between abrupt changes in slope.

B. Cut rough or sloping rock to level beds for foundations. In unfinished areas, fill low spots and level off with coarse sand or fine gravel.

C. Slope backfill outside the building away from building walls with minimum distance of 1800 mm (6 feet).

D. Finished grade 150 mm (6 inches) below bottom line of windows or other building wall openings unless greater depth is shown.

E. Place crushed stone or gravel fill under concrete slabs on grade, tamped, and leveled, 150 mm (6 inches) thick, unless otherwise indicated on Drawings.

F. Finish subgrade in condition acceptable to the COR at least one day in advance of paving operations. Maintain finished subgrade in a smooth and compacted condition until succeeding operation has been accomplished. Scarify, compact, and grade subgrade before further construction when approved compacted subgrade is disturbed by subsequent operations or adverse weather.

G. Tolerances:

1. Subgrade and Base Course Final Grades for Paved Areas: Plus or minus

6 mm (0.25 inches) of indicated grades.

3.5 LAWN AREAS

A. General: Harrow and till new or existing lawn areas to remain, 100 mm

(4 inches) deep. Establish existing or design grades by dragging or similar operations. Do not do earthwork on wet soil. Obtain plant bed approval from COR before seeding or sodding operation begins.

B. Finished Grading: Begin after rough grading has settled. Scarify subgrade surface areas 100 mm (4 inches) deep. Apply topsoil smooth, even surface, and true grades minimum 100 mm (4 inches). Shape top and bottom of banks to form reverse curves in section; make junctions with undisturbed areas to conform to existing topography.

C. Fertilizing: Mix fertilizer into the soil 100 mm (4 inches) deep at a rate of 12 kg/100 m2 (25 pounds per 1000 square feet).

D. Seeding: Apply seed at a rate of 2 kg/100 sq.m (4 pounds per 1000 square feet). Rake seed lightly. Roll area not to exceed 225 kg/m (150 pounds per foot) of roller width.

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E. Sodding: Water topsoil lightly before laying sod. Tightly butt sod strips at the ends and stagger in a running bond fashion. Place sod strips running across slope from bottom to top. Secure sodded slopes by pegging or other approved methods. Roll sodded area not to exceed 225 kg/m (150 pounds per foot) of the roller width.

F. Watering: Upon completion in any one section, water thoroughly new sod pad and soil to a sufficient depth. COR will be responsible for sod after installation and acceptance.

3.6 DISPOSAL OF UNSUITABLE AND EXCESS EXCAVATED MATERIAL

A. Disposal: Remove surplus satisfactory soil and waste material, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of Cemetery property.

3.7 CLEANING

A. Upon completion of earthwork operations, clean areas within contract limits, remove tools, and equipment. Clean site, free of debris, and suitable for subsequent construction operations. Remove debris, rubbish, and excess material from the Cemetery Property.

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