ID2_(set_2).pdf

Development and Design Guidelines

5-5 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2) sustainable than traditional piped storm sewer systems. Green solutions address stormwater quality and quantity issues. Research has shown that green solutions can provide cost savings over piped solutions. Regulatory testing of water cleansed using green solutions is often less rigorous or not required.

Permeable and Porous Pavements Innovative pavement systems which allow stormwater to drain through them are becoming more common.

A key factor of success in using these materials is rapidly draining the soils under them. Mountain Home AFB’s soils probably meet this requirement.

Testing in New Hampshire has demonstrated that snow on permeable asphalt melts faster, with no ice accumulation. Porous concrete infiltrates snow melt water without damage. Use of permeable and porous pavements should be considered when site size constraints prevent using green infrastructure to accomplish the same goals. Porous concrete is not appropriate for areas used by heavy vehicles or in truck loading areas where trucks turn on a continuous basis. It is appropriate for most POV or small vehicle parking areas which constitute a large portion of pavement on most Bases.

In every situation, site designers should design pavement areas to meet functional needs with the minimum amount of pavement necessary.

This lowers construction costs, lowers long term maintenance expenses and decreases the amount of storm water generated, thereby creating a triple bottom-line benefit for the Base.

Green Infrastructure in Parking Lots New and reconstructed existing parking lots should incorporate green infrastructure concepts. Due to the limited amount of precipitation received at

[5.2] Site Development Site development at Mountain Home AFB should incorporate both traditional standards of good site planning and emerging technologies of sustainable design. These design philosophies have much in common – a high level of functionality, thoughtful use of land, and careful use of natural resources.

Adding “green design” to good site design will only improve how a site functions.

Parking Avoid Over-Development When constructing new facilities or renovating existing facilities, a review of existing available parking should be conducted to determine if some or all of the required new parking can be provided by using existing parking lots. Shared parking between two or more facilities might be possible. The most sustainable parking stall is one that is used on nearly a daily basis. Seldom-used parking stalls consume land, require expensive periodic maintenance, contribute to the heat island effect, and generate stormwater runoff.

Green vs. Piped Systems Keeping stormwater on the surface until it can be routed to infiltration areas or allowed to percolate into permeable or porous pavements is more

Figure 5.3 Parking Lot Stormwater Infiltration Method

5-6 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Open Space and Recreation Several recommendations regarding open space and recreational facilities have been made in previous sections of the ID2. An overriding consideration in the development of new open spaces or the renovation of existing open spaces should be to focus on a level of quality that can be sustained at Mountain Home AFB. Wind, sun and temperature extremes during the year provide clues on what features are needed for successful site development at the Base. Wind protection in the form of plantings and structures can provide relief from hot summer winds, as well as the chill of bitter winter winds. Shade structures and overhead canopies of trees provide shelter from hot and intense sunlight.

Landscape Plantings To survive at Mountain Home AFB, landscape plant selections for community open spaces must take into consideration the area’s harsh environmental conditions, and regionally native or well-adapted plant species should be used (see figure 5.4).

Clustering plantings to create plants in close association will be more successful in this setting than attempting to create a landscape of specimen plants. Determining the irrigation requirements for the proposed plantings and then confirming that an adequate supply of water is available for the plantings is the final step in the design process.

Mountain Home AFB, bioswales or bioretention gardens planted with native plants should be used to capture, cleanse and infiltrate runoff. Shade trees could be planted within the bioswales to shade vehicles and pavement. A continuous bioswale, approximately twenty feet wide, should be placed every two bays of parking in large lots. Pavement should be sloped to drain to the bioswales. Along the pavement edge, a flush band of crushed rock should be placed to collect debris and petroleum in the first flush of run-off. Vehicle wheel barriers would be placed along the pavement edge to allow unconcentrated sheet flow into the bioswales.

In parking lots less than two parking bays wide, or where a continuous bioswale island isn’t possible, bio-swale openings can be designed into the pavement areas. These non-paved areas should be the same size as four standard parking stalls to provide adequate area for shade trees. Pavement surfaces would slope to these openings, demarcated with vehicle wheel stops. Native grasses, shrubs and well-adapted shade trees could be planted in the openings to cleanse runoff.

Soils in the bioswales should be amended to be equal portions by volume of sand and compost. This soil mixture will allow rapid infiltration of stormwater while retaining moisture to support plant growth.

Plant growth will increase infiltration over time. The organic matter in the compost will serve as a filter and remove or retain certain contaminates.

Access and Accessibility Vehicle access to a new or redevelopment site should use best practices relative to traffic flow and distance of site entry and exit points to existing road intersections. The relatively flat topography at Mountain Home AFB allows site accessibility requirements to be easily met.

When a POV parking lot with accessible parking stalls is separated from the facility it serves by a street, a clearly-marked pedestrian crossing should be established to provide a reasonably direct travel route for persons using the lot.

Figure 5.4 Use Native Plants That Require Minimal or No Water

5-7 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2) plants must be continually trimmed, creating an 8-10 inch vertical edge, rather than the feathery edge most likely envisioned by the designer.

Small ornamental trees in front of the same building suffer a worse fate. Instead of having an upright form with an umbrella shaped canopy, the ornamental trees are repeatedly sheared to form upright cubes.

Rather than receiving pruning to elevate their developing canopy as these plants grew, they were cut into an unnatural and unhealthy geometric form.

The only sustainable solution to the issues with both the ground junipers and ornamental trees is to remove plants and replant at proper spacing. To alleviate the issue of improper planting, the designer could provide a sketch showing the mature plant size and form relative to the building façade. While this will not prevent bad pruning, it would convey design intent and set a standard to be followed.

Long-term success for landscape plantings is directly tied to proper site preparation. Inadequate site preparation will result in landscape plantings that will never reach their potential, and in many cases do not reach maturity. Depending upon soil conditions, this may vary from little more than correctly digging the planting hole and carefully backfilling soil around the plant roots. In other cases, it may require a complete removal and replacement of existing site soils with prepared soils to improve drainage or provide a more conducive environment for plant roots. Correcting compacted soil conditions is necessary on most construction sites.

Two chronic problems occurring in recent landscape planting projects at Mountain Home AFB are overplanting during construction and improper pruning as part of on-going maintenance. Plant spacing in projects should be based on the plant’s ultimate size and the designer’s intent. Almost every project observed at Mountain Home AFB has too many plants in areas often too small for the species.

One example is at Building 920, where ground junipers occur on a berm planting bed in front of the building.

A narrow band of grass separates the ground juniper bed from the adjacent walk. The narrow band of turf must be mown with a push mower. Because the ground junipers are planted too closely in a bed much too small for the variety, the outer edge of the

Figure 5.5 Native Landscape at Mountain Home AFB

5-8 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Building Zones Mountain Home AFB is divided into three (3) districts:

Zone 1, Residential; Zone 2, Community, including Dormitories and Services; and Zone 3, Flight Line / Mission. The architecture in each zone needs to respond to the unique requirements of the facilities located within it, as well as the overall context of the Base. Building forms, massing, scale, and siting will vary from zone to zone, while still maintaining an overall sense of cohesiveness within the Base through the use of materials and detailing.

Zone 1, Residential Zone 1, Residential, incorporates all single family housing on the Base. The Base is in the process of replacing the majority of its existing stock of single family housing, with a number of these construction projects complete. The Base Housing and Visiting Officers facilities (see figure 5.6) are good examples of recent projects.

It is anticipated that single-family housing on Base will be privatized in the future, and it is therefore excluded from consideration in the Installation Development and Design guide.

Zone 2, Community, including Dormitories and Services Zone 2, Community, includes dormitories, dining hall, library, theater, bowling alley, bank, base exchange, commissary, fitness center, youth center, child development center, hospital, and convenience stores. The majority of the facilities in this zone were constructed in the past 20-30 years, with the exception of the recently completed base exchange and commissary. Most facilities have seen some sort of renovation work throughout the years, the most notable being the addition of sloped standing seam metal roofs to the dormitories, (see figure 5.7) and the complete renovation of the fitness center. The buildings in this zone typically align with the street grid, which is set approximately 45-degrees from north to match the runway orientation.

[5.3] Architectural Design Mountain Home AFB is located in the high plains of Idaho, approximately 12-miles from Mountain Home, Idaho. Neither the city of Mountain Home, nor the surrounding farmland and ranches, has a distinct local design character. If anything, the city of Mountain Home may be characterized by a typical railroad town style of architecture, built around the turn of the last century. This style of architecture consists of a two-story face brick street façades, usually with ornate pediments or cornices. The first floor incorporates large storefront windows, while the second floor typically has tall double-hung windows. Whereas examples of this type of architecture can be found on the main street in the city, the inconsistency in the location of these types of buildings, with adjacent infill of varying age and quality, hardly produces a cohesive local design character. And regarding the local farmsteads and ranches, most of these appear to have been constructed in the last 50-years, and reflect either typical residential or agricultural style architecture common throughout the upper Great Plains. In short, Mountain Home AFB has little local design character to draw upon for guidance.

Mountain Home AFB has seen sporadic building campaigns over several decades since its inception during World War II. This has led to a mix of architectural styles and materials in use on the Base, which tends to produce a disjointed and vague architectural identity. In an attempt to create a unified Base identity, the following recommendations should be considered for all new construction and renovation work at the Base. These recommendations incorporate the good design practices already in use on the Base, while at the same time affording the designer the latitude to explore new and unique solutions to the specific design issues at hand. At all times, sustainable design and high-performance green building principles should inform the design decisions regarding a specific project.

Figure 5.6 Visitors Officers Facility: Residential Zone

Figure 5.7 Typical Dormitory: Community Zone

5-9 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Development and Design Guidelines

5-9 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Development and Design Guidelines

Mountain Home AFB District Building Zones

Zone 1 Residential

Zone 2 Community, including

Dormitories and Services

Zone 3 Flight Line / Mission

North

5-10 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2) tend to be fairly square in plan, with the interior functions not really informing the exterior massing.

An exception to this is the recently renovated Fitness Center, which consists of additions to connect the existing gymnasiums and pool, and incorporates a curved standing seam metal roof on each of the various building masses to tie-together the entire complex (see figure 5.10).

Future construction projects should attempt to articulate more the building footprint, which could serve a number of functions: to allow more daylight and views into the occupied portions of the building;

to create sheltered exterior plazas and courtyards;

and to create more functionally responsive plans to the programmatic requirements of the facility (see figure 5.11). Whereas each of the aforementioned concepts might be achieved with a square plan, a square or rectilinear plan should not be the default design solution.

Zone 3, Flight Line / Mission Zone 3, Flight Line / Mission, contains the majority of facilities on Base. These include the hangars, Base communications, Wing Headquarters (see figure 5.8), flight line support and maintenance, and civil engineering facilities. This zone has the greatest age variance on Base, with certain wood-framed facilities being original to the Base, and recently completed facilities such as Fire/Crash Rescue and Base Operations (see figure 5.9). Most of the original wood-framed facilities are slated for demolition. The buildings in this zone typically align with the runway, owing to their support role of runway operations. An exception to this is the Wing Headquarters facility, which is sited square with the ordinal directions, to emphasize its important position on Base. Buildings in this zone tend to be simple in their massing and complexity, owing to their functional requirements.

Architectural Order Plan Complexity and Geometry Typically, the existing facilities at Mountain Home AFB are fairly simple in plan and geometry. This is a function of the utilitarian uses of most of the facilities, such as the hangars. Furthermore, facilities

Figure 5.8 Wing Headquarters: Flight Line/Mission Zone

Figure 5.9 Base Operations Facility: Flight Line/Mission Zone

Figure 5.10 Fitness Center: Curved Standing Seam Metal Roof

Figure 5.11 Hospital: Daylit Waiting Area

5-11 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2) elevators in a multi-story facility may be offset by the reduced amount of exterior skin. A good example of a recent multi-story project is the Base Operations facility. The scale of this facility is appropriate in relation to the adjacent hangars (see figure 5.13).

Standing seam metal roofs have been added to many facilities on Base. Whereas this may address on-going maintenance concerns with a low-slope roof, the design of these new roofs must carefully take into consideration the overall aesthetic of the facility. Heavy fascia and soffits tend to overpower the buildings below, and the articulation of the roof should follow the geometry of the building.

Furthermore, the roof slope should be chosen to complement the facility, and not overpower

it. Finally, the building mass which is created by a large sloped roof will require additional material and labor and may not be as sustainable as other roofing options.

When designing a new facility, consideration should also be given to future additions to the facility.

Oftentimes, a more complex plan geometry lends itself better to future additions than a more formal geometry.

Building Scale and Proportion The building scale of the existing facilities at Mountain Home AFB mostly conform to the programmatic requirements of the facilities. For example, a hangar is sized to accommodate the aircraft to be housed there. This concept of scaling facilities to meet their programmatic requirements should be continued in future building projects.

Most facilities on Base are simple one-story buildings, since land is readily available. An exception to this is the Base Hospital and Wing Headquarters facilities, which are multi-story to both house their programmatic requirements, as well as to emphasize their importance on Base (see figure 5.12).

Even though land is readily available, future facilities should carefully consider multi-story solutions. A multi-story solution may more appropriately address the programmatic requirements of the facility, as well as present more opportunities for daylight and views. Furthermore, facilities located near the flight line may benefit from the larger massing of a multi-story solution, in relationship to the large adjacent hangars. Of course, costs must be weighed in any design solution, but the additional costs of stairs and

Figure 5.13 Base Operations Facility: Building Scale

Figure 5.12 Wing Headquarters: Multi-Story Facility

5-12 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Base has many hangar facilities, these are typically the only replicated facility, and other buildings are designed for their own specific use. This concept should be continued in future building projects, in that the buildings should reflect their individual programmatic requirements, and not some arbitrarily selected bay spacing or massing. However, both massing and bay spacing of a new facility should take into account adjacent facilities, in order to create a complementary design.

Massing and Typical Bay Spacing Owing to the fact that most existing facilities on Base are one-story and fairly square in plan, building massing has not been much of an issue. However, with the introduction of sloped standing seam metal roofs on more recent facilities, building massing plays a more important role, even on one-story facilities.

Care should be taken to assure the appropriate roof type is chosen for the facility, as this will impact the building’s massing more than any other single element. Very large facilities, such as hangars, the base exchange, and commissary, should utilize low-slope roofs. Smaller facilities, especially those more rectilinear in plan, could utilize a standing seam metal roof to complement other such roofs on Base. The desired roof type for the building must be considered when designing a facility, and should be reflected in the solution’s plan, both from a scale and constructability standpoint. A very geometrically complicated plan is difficult to cap with a sloped roof.

Ultimately, the roofing solution will be an outcome of the development process, and should not be determined beforehand. A standing seam metal roof may be an appropriate solution for some facilities, as long as its use does not preclude achieving other sustainable design and high performance green building requirements.

Examples of buildings which use sloped standing seam metal roofing are plentiful on this Base. Notable buildings that have used this roofing technique most successfully are the Avionics Building and MXG Facility, which allow the interior spaces to contain elevated ceiling heights and also utilize daylighting techniques that are designed into the roofing shapes (see figures 5.14 and 5.15).

Because most facilities on Base are designed to house the specific functions of the facility, bay spacing is not an apparent design issue. Whereas the

Figure 5.14 Avionics Building: Sloped Standing Seam Metal Roofing

Figure 5.15 MXG Facility: Elevated Ceiling for Daylight Infiltration

5-13 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

When siting future facilities to be built on Base, sustainable design and high-performance green building principles need to be taken into consideration.

HQ ACC has emphasized the importance of daylight and views within their facilities, as well as the performance of the exterior building envelope in regard to energy use reduction. Careful analysis of each facility needs to be conducted during the concept development process to verify the most beneficial orientation of the building, regardless of alignment with the existing street grid and adjacent facilities. Furthermore, sun control devices shall be incorporated into the design as appropriate, and as required to mitigate solar heat gain for those facilities which cannot be optimally oriented (see figure 5.16).

Efficient land use is another factor to consider when siting buildings, along with the requisite guidance relative to Anti-Terrorism and Force Protection. On this Base, there is abundant land mass and plentiful infill opportunities that makes these factors easier to deal with. It is important to keep in mind that future buildings may share the standoff distances created between buildings, which will allow better utilization of the land and infrastructure of the Base (see figure 5.17).

Siting and Orientation The typical facility located in Zones 2 and 3 at Mountain Home AFB is aligned with the street grid, which is set approximately 45-degrees from north to match the runway orientation. The runway was laid out to take advantage of the prevailing winds, with no regard to sun orientation for the facilities. Whereas orientation to the runway is important for the large hangars supporting the runway, for other facilities an orientation closer to the ordinal directions may be more beneficial from a solar perspective. One notable exception to the typical orientation on Base is the Wing Headquarters facility, which is sited square with the ordinal directions. This was done not to take advantage of solar orientation, but rather to set the building apart from the remainder of the Base and to emphasize the facility’s importance.

Figure 5.16 Fire Station: Sun Control Device

Figure 5.17 Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection Barricades

5-14 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

More recent projects on Base have attempted to articulate all facades that are visible from the street system and public parking areas. These buildings create a more human scale on those sides accessible to personnel. A good example of this is the recently completed Base Operations facility (see figure 5.19).

Future construction and renovation efforts on Base should continue this trend of articulating the building facades that are accessible or visible to Base personnel. At all times, the main entry to the facility needs to be maintained as the primary focus of the exterior elevations, in order to enhance way-finding on the Base. There are many good examples of architectural solutions on this Base that enhance building entrance identification, such as the Avionics building, the Base Operations building, the Fire/ Crash Rescue building, and the Squadron Operations facility (see figure 5.20).

Symmetry and Hierarchy of Elevations Mountain Home AFB has few historical buildings, and as such, the concept of symmetry is not prevalent on Base. Building design has tended to reflect the prevailing trends when the facilities were constructed, with symmetry being a minor consideration. A more prevalent design concept on Base is the modern credo of “Form follows Function”, with the building massing and fenestration reflecting the interior uses.

Once again, a notable exception to this is the Wing Headquarters facility, which is a highly symmetrical building, emphasizing its importance on Base.

Existing facilities on Base tend to emphasize the main elevation, with less attention paid to the remaining facades. Often times, this is a function of the facility’s use, with the main elevation serving as access for Base personnel, and the remaining elevations accessing more industrial areas. A prime example of this are the hangars, with their large doors facing the runway, and little if any articulation of the remaining sides of the building (see figure 5.18).

Figure 5.18 Hanger: Articulation to the Front Side of Building

Figure 5.20 Avionics Building: Enhanced Entrance Identification

Figure 5.19 Base Operations Facility: Articulation along all Facades

5-15 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2) from the sun and/or the wind. Good examples of such plazas are found at the Airfield Maintenance facility, the Fire/Crash/Rescue building, and the Avionics facility. These plaza areas extend interior spaces into the outdoors and allow the occupants to utilize this area for additional enjoyment in a natural setting (see figures 5.21 and 5.22).

Another concept of open space is the courtyard, usually created by the siting of more than one building. A courtyard creates a sheltered space, and allows landscaping to be concentrated in one area, where it is easier to maintain and to be enjoyed by Base personnel. Landscaping requires less water, and the concentration of development becomes a focal point for the surrounding buildings, both visually and functionally. A current example of a successful courtyard is located between three dormitories, and includes a gazebo as a focal point (see figure 5.23).

Open Spaces Mountain Home AFB has a surplus of open space located on Base, but this open space is not necessarily being used as a benefit. Buildings tend to be sited in the middle of a parcel of land surrounded by expanses of paved parking lots, and few facilities have a relationship to each other. Furthermore, the area experiences continual wind at many times during the year, making unprotected open space unpleasant.

A few recent facilities have incorporated exterior plazas, to great success. These areas utilize intensive plantings, along with some sort of constructed sun shelter to create a sense of enclosure. Also, these plazas are incorporated into the overall site and building design, utilizing the building for protection

Figure 5.22 Avionics Building: Plaza View

Figure 5.23 Dormitory Courtyard

Figure 5.21 Avionics Building: Plaza Sketch

5-16 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

The predominant exterior building material on Base is concrete masonry units in a medium tan color.

These masonry units include split-faced, burnished, smooth, and fluted styles. Face brick in a medium tan color is also found on Base. Other lesser-used materials are concrete panels, red face brick, and dark brown concrete masonry units. Architectural precast concrete in a limestone color is used for window sills and accent banding.

Prefinished metal wall panels are utilized on larger facilities, such as the hangars. Standing seam metal roofs in a light tan color are utilized on a number of facilities, and will be addressed later in this section.

Exterior materials for new facilities should be selected to complement the overall aesthetic of the Base. Masonry in medium tan colors, incorporating details and banding in complementary materials, is recommended (see figures 5.24 and 5.25). There are many examples at this Base of innovative designs that incorporate horizontal banding in this fashion, such as the Avionics facility, the Squadron Operations facility, and the Youth Center. Metal wall panels may be used as appropriate for the facility’s function and scale, but should be protected from abuse at the building base and openings (see figure 5.26). Other exterior materials, such as composite metal wall panels, may be considered. Exterior insulation finish

Future construction and renovation efforts on Base should focus on the exterior spaces around the buildings, as well as the spaces between buildings.

There is opportunity to create a sense of community by siting adjacent buildings to take advantage of the exterior space between them, as well as to create areas to concentrate landscaping. By concentrating landscaping in certain areas on Base that relate to the buildings, pleasant exterior environments can be created for the enjoyment of Base personnel, and the landscaping is easier to maintain. Furthermore, these oases can counteract the perception of the arid and sparsely vegetated landscape typical of this region.

Architectural Elements Materials Exterior building materials should be chosen for their durability, color and appearance retention, and ease of maintenance. Furthermore, materials should be chosen to support the sustainable design principles of regional materials and recycled content.

Figure 5.25 MXG Facility: Typical Banding of Medium Tan Colors

Figure 5.24 Typical Split Face Block with Horizontal Banding

Figure 5.26 Fitness Center: Metal Wall Panels

5-17 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2) entrance must be welcoming, sheltered, and visible to the building’s occupants to enhance security.

Glazed aluminum swinging doors are the standard on Base, oftentimes with surrounding sidelites and transoms. This type of entrance should be continued with future building projects. All building entrances must be handicap accessible (see figures 5.27 and 5.28).

The majority of buildings on Base utilize thermally-broken aluminum frame windows, with high-performance glazing. Examples of fixed windows, and operable sliding, casement, and awning windows, are evident on Base. The type of window selected should serve the user’s requirements. Operable windows are encouraged where appropriate, to enhance the indoor air quality of a facility, and to give the building’s occupants greater personal control over their thermal environment (see figure 5.29).

systems (E.I.F.S.), due to their poor performance history and lack of comprehensive manufacturer’s warranty, are prohibited by HQ ACC, and may not be used at Mountain Home AFB.

Fenestration Building fenestration should be designed to enhance the exterior image of facilities, as well as to incorporate daylight and views into the building interior. Primary concerns regarding building fenestration should be its effect on the building envelope performance, as well as compliance with Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection requirements.

In the design of new facilities, prominence of the building’s main entrance must be achieved. The main

Figure 5.28 Base Operations Facility: Main Entry - Interior

Figure 5.27 Base Operations Facility: Main Entry - Exterior

Figure 5.29 Operable Windows

5-18 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2) as multi-story facilities, have greater opportunities for introducing daylight and views into the building interior, and these concepts should be considered in the initial concept development phase of a project (see figure 5.31).

The type of glazing selected for exterior windows and doors should be carefully analyzed in regard to thermal performance, and its effect on the overall building envelope. Whereas clear and bronze-tinted glazing is predominant on Base, other glazing tints may be considered as appropriate to the individual project. Additional glazing coatings, beyond the standard Lo-E coating, should be considered to improve glazing performance, as well as the inclusion of various gases in the interstitial space in insulating glass units. Finally, all exterior glazing must comply with Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection requirements.

The predominant aluminum finish on Base is dark bronze anodized. Continued use of dark bronze anodized frames is discouraged, because research has shown that dark window frames increase interior glare. Other aluminum finishes should be considered as appropriate to the overall aesthetic of a new facility.

Daylight and views must be analyzed when designing the fenestration of a new facility. Meeting HQ ACC’s requirements for daylight and views may require a much greater amount of glazing than is found in the typical building on Base, and these recommendations may inform the design of the building footprint as well (see figure 5.30). Long, linear buildings, as well

Figure 5.31 Avionics Building: Linear Daylit Corridor

Figure 5.30 Fitness Center: Open, Daylit Entry Lobby

5-19 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2) to occupants in the case of an explosive event.

Translucent panels have been approved for use in lieu of glazing by the US Army Corps of Engineers Protective Design Center, and no further design analysis is required (unlike glazing assemblies). Pre-manufactured translucent skylight assemblies are encouraged; however, translucent panels shall not be used as part of a roof assembly without prior coordination and concurrence of HQ ACC/A7PS.

Wherever skylights are utilized on a facility, careful detailing must be included to prevent water leakage, unacceptable snow build-up, etc. Insulating glass unit skylights should be avoided because of their tendency for water spotting and dirt build-up.

Roof Features and Forms Building roofs should be designed to achieve the following: to maintain a weather-tight barrier; to facilitate ease of maintenance; to maintain color and appearance retention for those roofs exposed to view; and to provide a long life-span. On-going roofing maintenance is a major concern to the Base, and alleviating these maintenance issues should be the primary function of roof design.

The type of roof system selected for a project should be a direct reflection of the building form (see figure 5.33). Buildings with large floor plates should consider a low-slope membrane roofing in a light color, complying with reflectivity requirements of sustainable design and high-performance green building principles. As an option, a sloped standing seam metal roof may be used, such as those

Sun control at exterior windows may be required for enhancing the interior environment of a facility.

Glare at work surface level should be avoided, which may require the inclusion of exterior sun shading devices at the windows, as well as sun control films incorporated into the insulating glass units.

Light shelves installed on the interior of clerestory glazing can bring sunlight further into the interior of the building, and should be considered. In all, a combination of vision glazing and clerestory glazing should be considered to maximize daylight and views within the facility, while at the same time controlling unwanted glare and heat gain.

Another option for introducing daylight into a facility is the use of insulating translucent panels, which may be used both for vertical applications or skylights (see figure 5.32). These panels have been successfully used at many existing facilities on Base, such as the recently completed flight line Operations facility.

The benefit of this type of product is that the thermal performance is greater than a typical insulating glass unit. Furthermore, these units provide opportunities for natural daylighting into facilities, but because they are not glass, they do not present hazards

Figure 5.32 Avionics Building: Insulated Translucent Panels

Figure 5.33 Family Housing Office: Low Sloped Hip Roof

5-20 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

A recent successful roofing project on Base is the renovated Fitness Center, which incorporates a series of curved standing seam metal roofs into a visually complementary facility (see figure 5.35). Care should be exercised when doing these types of roofs to include proper detailing and installation to insure a weather-tight finished product.

Avoid locating equipment on the roof that would be exposed to view. Roof-mounted equipment should be screened to avoid visibility from the ground.

Avoid mounting vents and equipment on standing seam metal roofs to the greatest extent possible.

If unavoidable, insure proper detailing of curbs and flashing to create a weather-tight enclosure.

Facilities on Base have utilized a roof feature over the main entrance, often times to great success.

This roof feature both announces the location of the main entrance, as well as provides protection from the elements (see figure 5.36). This design feature should be encouraged in future projects. Care should be taken to insure any exposed structure is not conducive to roosting birds.

currently installed on many of the hangars. Because of the shear mass of these hangar facilities, the additional height of a sloped roof does not dwarf the building below. For smaller facilities, a sloped standing seam metal roof may be used, provided that the geometries of the building floor plate do not create an overly complicated roof form, which would be prone to water infiltration. For these types of facilities, a low-slope membrane roofing may be more appropriate in providing a long life-span and low maintenance roof. Standing seam metal roofs on existing facilities are typically a light tan color, which could be used on new building projects. As an option, the designer may consider a lighter roof color to comply with reflectivity requirements of sustainable design and high-performance green building principles. Ultimately, the exposed roof color should complement the overall aesthetic of the building (see figure 5.34).

The roofing solution will be an outcome of the development process, and should not be determined beforehand. A standing seam metal roof may be an appropriate solution for some facilities, as long as its use does not preclude achieving other sustainable design and high performance green building requirements.

Figure 5.34 Building 1784: Roof Color Compliments Building Facade

Figure 5.35 Fitness Center: Curved Standing Seam Metal Roof

Figure 5.36 Base Operations Facility: Roof Feature over Main Entry

5-21 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Other Building Features Other building features which must be considered in the design of new facilities are as follows: gutters and downspouts; porticos; canopies; overhead sectional doors; and louvers. These building elements must be integrated into the overall design of any new facility. Of special concern are downspouts, which often times become much more of a design element in the finished product than the designer considered.

Downspouts should be incorporated into the overall aesthetic of a facility in such a way that they do not cause maintenance concerns in the future, such as by building them into the exterior envelope.

The design of porticos and canopies should complement the facility architecture, as well as provide opportunities to create pleasant exterior spaces adjacent to the facility. Porticos and canopies should provide protection from the elements, as appropriate, and should provide a sense of enclosure and space. These exterior “rooms” enhance the quality of life for Base personnel, and oftentimes

Overhead sectional doors and louvers need to be considered in the design of any facility. Their location is obviously dependent on the functional requirements of the building design, but care should be exercised not to locate these elements adjacent to the main facility entrance or on the main façade.

Air intake louvers must comply with Anti-Terrorism/ Force Protection requirements. If these items must be located on highly-visible facades, they should be integrated into the overall aesthetic of the facility.

Figure 5.37 Fire Station: Exterior Portico

Figure 5.38 Avionics Building: Adjacent Plaza with Canopy

Appendices

A-1 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

[6.1] Acronyms and Abbreviations AAFES Army and Air Force Exchange Service AB Air Base ABA Architectural Barriers Act - Guidelines for Accessibility ABB A Manufacturer of Power Products or Systems ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ACC Air Combat Command ACGIH American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists ADA Americans with Disabilities Act ADAAG Americans with Disabilities Act Architectural Guidelines ADP Area Development Plan AFB Air Force Base AFCEE Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence AFCESA Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency AFFF Aqueous Film Forming Foam AFH Air Force Handbook AFI Air Force Instruction AFMAN Air Force Manual AFOSH Air Force Occupational Safety and Health AFPM Air Force Pamphlet Manual AFR Air Force Requirement AHJ Authority Having Jurisdiction AIC Alternate Intensity Current AICUZ Air Installation Compatible Use Zone AMDS Aerospace Medicine Squadron ANSI American National Standards Institute ARPA Archaeological Resources Protection Act ARR Appearance Retention Rating ASCA American Society of Civil Engineers ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers ASSE American Society of Sanitary Engineering ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials AT/FP Anti-Terrorism Force Protection AWWA American Water Works Association BCE Base Civil Engineer (Commander) BX Base Exchange BTU British Thermal Unit BW Bomb Wing CADD Computer Aided Design Drafting CATV Community Area Television CBC California Building Code CCB Construction Criteria Base CE Civil Engineer CEF Base Fire Chief

A-2 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

CEP Programs Flight CER Communications Equipment Room CFM Cubic Feet per Minute CEO Operations Flight CES Civil Engineer Squadron CEV Environmental Flight CMU Concrete Masonry Units COE Corps of Engineers COMM Communications CPSC Consumer Product Safety Commission CPT Cone Penetration Test CRC Criteria Review Conference CS Communications Squadron CSC Consolidated Support Center CSP Corrugated Steel Pipe D2 Board Development and Design Review Board dBA Decibels (acoustic) DCG Design Compatibility Guide DDC Direct Digital Control DGS Deployable Ground Station DOC Department of Commerce DoD Department of Defense DODDS Department of Defense Dependents Schools DOE Department of Energy DX Direct Expansion ECP Entry Control Point eGP Electronic General Plan EIA Electronic Industries Association EIAP Environmental Impact Analysis Process EIFS Exterior Insulation Finish System EMCS E Energy Monitoring Control System EO Executive Order EPA Environmental Protection Agency ERP Environmental Restoration Program ETL Engineering Technical Letter F Fahrenheit FF Federal Flammability FFA Federal Flammability Agency FFE Finished Floor Elevation FGS Final Governing Standards FM Factory Mutual Global FOC Fiber Optic Cable FOD Foreign Object Damage FR Flame Retardant FS Federal Standard FSP Final Sketch Plan GFI Ground Fault Interrupter

A-3 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

GIS Geographical Information System GPG Grains per gallon GPS Global Positioning System HDPE High Density Polyethylene Hi-X High-Expansion HM/HW Hazardous Materials/Hazardous Waste HQ Headquarters HVAC Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning IAPMO International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials IAW in accordance with IBC I International Building Code ID2 Installation Design and Development IDS Intruder Detection System IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

IEQ Indoor Environmental Quality IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America IP International Protection IPC International Plumbing Code IR Infrared ISA Installation Sustainability Assessment ISO International Organization for Standardization IWW Industrial Waste Water LAN Local Area Network LED Light Emitting Diode LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LPS Lightning Protection System LSC Life Safety Code LV Low Voltage MCP Military Construction Program MDOS Medical Operations Squadron MUTCD Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices MV Medium Voltage MWR Morale, Welfare, and Recreation NAGPRA Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act NEC National Electrical Code NEMA National Electrometric Manufacturers Association NESC National Electric Safety Code NFC National Fire Code SD&HPGBD Sustainable Development and High Performance Green Building Design

[6.2] Installation Functional Constraints and Considerations

6.2.1 General

The following section 6.3 provides installation-centric background information and identification of functional-technical considerations necessary for a fully successful design. It identifies preferred systems and technical components and is intended to describe best practices related to planning, architecture, engineering and interior design. It identifies materials, furnishing, systems, practices, approaches, and finishes historically used and having proven success over time. It is not intended to serve as a comprehensive list of all applicable building codes, regulations, directives, references or to identify facility centric or unique user requirements. Functional-Technical Constraints and Considerations need to be specifically addressed in the Basis of Design analysis written during the concept development phase and the design development phase. Understanding the driving forces behind these constraints and considerations will greatly contribute to a successful project outcome.

6.2.2 Brand Name References

References to equipment, materials, articles, or patented process by trade name, make, or catalog number, shall be regarded as establishing a standard of quality and not construed as limiting competition.

A-7 Mountain Home AFB, Idaho : Installation Development and Design (ID2)

[6.3] Mountain Home AFB Technical Design Guide

TABLE OF CONTENTS

[Section 1] Regional Description

1.1 Geographic Location and Characteristics

1.2 Climate

1.3 Infrastructure

[Section 2] CADD Standards

2.1 General

2.2 Civil Engineering CAD Layering Standards

2.3 Mandatory Layer Names

[Section 3] Landscape and Site Development Standards

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Landscape Design

3.3 Exterior Signage

3.4 Fencing/Screens

3.5 Site Lighting

3.6 Site Furnishings and Play Equipment

Mountain Home Air Force Base Plant List Record of Termiticide Use on Mountain Home AFB

[Section 4] Architectural Standards

4.1 Architectural General Design Considerations

4.2…