24-411-R-JDL-2025-03-07 Bugbee Elementary School IAQ Report.pdf

Prepared by:

Sustainable Engineering Solutions, LLC 865 Brook Street Rocky Hill, CT 06067

(860) 270-0413 www.sustainable-eng.com

IAQ Verification Report Bugbee Elementary School West Hartford Public Schools West Hartford, CT

SES Project No. 24-411 March 7th, 2025

Sustainable Engineering Solutions, LLC 865 Brook Street Rocky Hill, CT 06067 sustainable-eng.com

Table of Contents Executive Summary

IAQ Verification Process

Filter Evaluation

Ventilation Evaluation

Demand Control Ventilation

Project Approach

Participants

Facility Description

Building

Occupancy

Building Automation System Description

HVAC Systems Description

Air Handling Units

Roof Top Units

Energy Recovery Unit

Unit Ventilators

Exhaust Fans

Recommendations

Initial Recommendations

Recommendation #1: ERU-1 Controls

Recommendation #2: Replace Existing Basement Air Handling Unit

Recommendation #3: Rebalance Rooftop Units

Recommendation #4: Add Gymnasium HVAC Equipment

Recommendation #5: Add Mechanical Ventilation For Spaces With Operable Windows Only

Recommendation #6: Review/Replace Cafeteria Unit Ventilators

Recommendation #7: Rebalance Unit Ventilator for Room 104

Recommendation #8: Replace Toilet Exhaust Fans

Recommendation #9: Filter Improvements

Next Steps

Review Recommendations

Appendix A IAQ Evaluation Sheet Appendix B International Mechanical Code Minimum Ventilation Rates (2021) per ASHRAE 62.1

Executive Summary Sustainable Engineering Solutions, LLC (SES) and Trueflow Testing and Balancing were retained by the Town of West Hartford to provide professional engineering and test and balancing (TAB) services to meet the indoor air quality (IAQ) verification requirements of the state legislation Public Act No. 23-167 at Bugbee Elementary School. This combined effort successfully completed the required verification as outlined in the legislation. With a focus on validating and improving indoor air quality, SES and Trueflow systematically assessed each air handling system to measure current ventilation rates, filtration rates and distribution levels compared to current ventilation standards.

The majority of the building meets ventilation requirements due to the presence of operable windows. However, utilizing operable windows as the primary means of ventilation is not recommended due to poor temperature control.

Recommendations associated with the buildings air handling units, roof top units, unit ventilators and exhaust fans, along with additional findings, have been included in this report for the Client to review.

Note that throughout this report the term “ventilation” air and “outside” are used interchangeably and are one in the same.

IAQ Verification Process Filter Evaluation As required by the law, the team reviewed the current level of filtration installed on each air handling system and analyzed the feasibility of increasing the filter ratings to MERV 13. A filter’s minimum efficiency reporting value, or MERV, is a rating system that measures how efficient a filter is at trapping harmful particulate matter, dust, and debris in the air. This rating system categorizes filters into a ranking from 2 to 20, with a MERV 8 being the standard. A higher MERV rating means that a filter is more efficient and MERV 13 is recommended for many commercial and industrial buildings and by state code. At its minimum, a MERV 13 filter traps more than 70% of air particles that are 0.3 to 1.0 microns in size and is at least 90% effective when the particles increase to 3 to 10 microns in size. Along with assessing the filter efficiencies, the condition of unit’s filters and proper sealing of the filter banks to eliminate bypass air was also assessed.

Ventilation Evaluation The amount of ventilation air delivered into interior occupied spaces is governed by the 2022 Connecticut State Building Code, which references ASHRAE Standard 62.1. This code prescribes the flow rate of ventilation air that must be supplied mechanically, or otherwise, to occupied areas based on occupancy classifications. Depending on the type of use of a space and total space area, outdoor air flow rates in cubic feet per minute (CFM) per person and square foot are defined when the parameters are known. When total occupants per space are unknown, the code defines occupant density for each classification type in number of occupants per space floor area. The final flow rate in CFM for every occupied space can thus be calculated.

As an alternative to providing outside air mechanically to occupied spaces, the building code also allows for outside air to enter occupied areas naturally through operable windows. If the area of operable windows for an occupied space is at least 4% of the space’s floor area, mechanical ventilation for that space is not required by code. However, although spaces with sufficient operable window area may satisfy code requirements, this is not a realistic way of providing adequate ventilation during periods of cold or hot weather.

The amount of outside air supplied to occupied spaces is important for occupant comfort and health because contaminants generated by people and materials in the space must be removed or they will build up to unhealthy levels. Diluting interior air with outside air reduces the concentration of carbon dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) along with various airborne viral and bacterial contaminants.

Demand Control Ventilation In certain applications, the amount of outside air delivered to a space can be reduced if occupancy and indoor air quality can be safely monitored and controlled. This is most typically accomplished through monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) and occupancy sensors in the space, otherwise known as “Demand Control Ventilation” or DCV. As occupancy rises in a space, so does the amount of CO2 as a result of the occupant’s natural respiration and exhalation of CO2. By monitoring CO2 and occupancy status, an HVAC system can reduce the amount of outside air to a zone when levels and occupancy are low. If CO2 levels rise above a certain threshold or occupancy is detected, the HVAC system can then increase the amount of fresh air until the levels fall back below an acceptable level. Having an operational demand control ventilation strategy in place will help reduce energy consumption of a facility while simultaneously ensuring all spaces are achieving the required fresh air requirements.

Project Approach During the review of the school, SES took the following steps to complete the study:

• Develop an IAQ evaluation plan and conduct a kickoff meeting with the client and Trueflow to review the plan, project schedule, access, etc.

• Perform a walkthrough of the building to review the HVAC systems providing ventilation air for a condition assessment of the systems, identify remaining useful life and understand any maintenance issues that may be related.

• Review available documentation for the HVAC systems that includes:

o As-built drawings or original design drawings o O&M documentation for systems performance data o Any previous testing adjusting and balancing reports from the HVAC systems o Documentation describing the chronology of known problems, system failures, complaints, and alterations.

• Develop IAQ evaluation documentation for field evaluation of equipment.

• Perform field evaluation of equipment for ventilation sequence of operation and verify calibration of CO2 sensors where used (+/- 50 PPM).

• Review Trueflow’s completed ventilation rate verification sheets for each space for compliance with ASHRAE 62.1

• Review the Trueflow’s completed unit data sheets for each system providing ventilation air for ventilation airflows, filter condition and efficiency, damper conditions and maintenance adequacy.

• Prepare a report that summarizes the verification process, identifies any deficiencies that require correction and any recommendations to address the deficiencies found and next steps.

Participants The participants in the IAQ verification process for this project are identified below.

Owner

West Hartford Public Schools 50 South Main Street West Hartford, CT 06107 Contact: Robert Palmer Email: Robert.palmer@westhartfordct.gov

Engineer

Sustainable Engineering Solutions, LLC 865 Brook Street Rocky Hill, CT 06067 Contact: Brian Messerschmidt, PE, CCP, CEM Email: bmesserschmidt@sustainable-eng.com

TAB Provider

Trueflow Testing & Balancing, LLC 121 Broadway Street, Suite 1 Colchester, CT 06415 Contact: Bonnie Boothroyd Email: bonnie@trueflowct.com

Facility Description Building

Photo Credit: Homes.com

Building: Bugbee Elementary School

Location: 1943 Asylum Ave, West Hartford, CT 06117

Building Size (gross):

66,394 sq. ft.

Year Constructed:

1950 (original)

Building Use (current):

Elementary School

Bugbee Elementary School is a 66,394 square foot building, originally built in 1950. The original building houses a gymnasium, an auditorium, classrooms and offices. Since construction, portable classrooms have been installed to add additional classroom space to the building. During a recent addition, a main office section was constructed, with new HVAC systems including an energy recovery unit and VRFs.

Occupancy The building is occupied Monday through Friday between 8am and 5pm. Special events are held on the weekends and after hours as needed for school extracurricular activities. In addition, the school hosts summer school activities during the summer break.

Building Automation System Description Currently, equipment in the admin addition (ERU-1 and VRFs) and unit ventilator in room 104 are tied into the building management system. These HVAC systems are controlled by a Niagara framework building automation system.

HVAC Systems Description

Air Handling Units A single air handling unit is installed in the building’s basement. The AHU serves the auditorium and three offices adjacent to the basement mechanical room that houses the unit. This unit is currently inoperable and beyond its useful life expectancy.

Unit Tag Serves AHU Auditorium and Classrooms

Basement Air Handling Unit

Roof Top Units There are six roof top units, five of the six RTU serve existing portable classrooms. The sixth roof top unit serves the library.

The roof top units vary in condition, the Trane RTU-1 & 2 are in fair conditioning, the remaining four RTUs appear to be nearing the end of their useable life, the other two appear to have been installed within the last 15-20 years. Units are not on the building management system.

Unit Tag Manufacturer Serves RTU Heil Portable Classrooms

RTU-1 Trane Library RTU-1 Trane Portable Classrooms RTU-1 Carrier Portable Classrooms RTU-2 Trane Portable Classrooms RTU-2 Carrier Portable Classrooms

Energy Recovery Unit A single energy recovery unit (ERU) serves the main office wing. The ERU is equipped with an outside air damper, economizer damper, return air damper, exhaust air damper, DX cooling coil, hot gas coil, reheat coil, energy recovery wheel and a supply and exhaust fan. The ERU has been designed to provide fresh air for the main office area and their associated VRFs.

Unit Tag Manufacturer Serves ERU-1 AAON Main Office

ERU-1

Unit Ventilators There are three unit ventilators in the facility, one serving classroom 104 and two serving the cafeteria. Each unit ventilator has an outside air louver, which mixes outside air with return air from the space via a return air damper. Each unit ventilator is equipped with a heating coil to meet space temperature setpoint. Unit ventilator in classroom 104 has been added to the building management system (BMS). The unit ventilators in the cafeteria have not been integrated with the BMS. Unit ventilator zones are also equipped with operable windows for manual means of ventilation.

Exhaust Fans Two toilet exhaust fans are installed in the building. One serves basement toilets, and one serves 1st floor toilets. All two fans are equipped with pneumatic controls. The fans are utility style and are nearing the end of their useful lives.

Exhaust Fan

Recommendations The following recommendations were made based on the review of TAB report, ventilation comparisons to the IMC Minimum Ventilation Rates (2021) and industry best practices. Additional supporting information can be found in the Appendices of the report.

Due to the limited area of focus of the required IAQ verification and this review, SES strongly recommends verifying the condition of all related HVAC equipment components and control functionality outside of the scope of this verification, prior to implementing any modifications to the HVAC systems.

Initial Recommendations

• Recommendation #1: Review Controls and Rebalance ERU-1

• Recommendation #2: Replace Existing Air Handling Unit

• Recommendation #3: Rebalance Rooftop Units

• Recommendation #4: Install Roof Top Unit To Provide Mechanical Ventilation and Conditioning To Gymnasium

• Recommendation #5: Add Mechanical Ventilation For Spaces With Operable Windows Only

• Recommendation #6: Review/Replace Cafeteria Unit Ventilators

• Recommendation #7: Rebalance Unit Ventilator for Room 104

• Recommendation #8: Replace Toilet Exhaust Fans

• Recommendation #9: Filter Improvements

Recommendation #1: ERU-1 Controls Based on SES’s review of the TAB data and onsite assessments, ERU-1 was found to be operating in a 100% return air configuration, with no outside air being introduced. This appears to be a function off the unit’s packaged controls. As an energy recovery unit, it should be operating at 100% outside air and 100% exhaust air, utilizing the energy recovery wheel to reduce heating and cooling loads. There is no apparent reason for the unit to be operating in full return mode.

Additionally, the unit was found to be exhausting airflow, which may be causing unconditioned outside air to enter the space due to negative building pressure.

SES recommends reviewing the unit’s packaged controls and coordinate with the building management sytem and recommission the system to operate at 100% outside air. A full-service check should be conducted on the system components; primarily the energy recovery wheel and the heating and cooling element; to ensure proper conditioning of the outside air.

Once 100% outside air operation is established, the majority of spaces will meet or exceed ventilation requirements.

However, the following spaces should be rebalanced to meet the current ventilation requirements as they were previously low:

Room Measured Supply Air

(CFM)

Calculated Ventilation Requirements

(CFM)

Faculty Lounge 122 145 Treatment Area 41 90

Recommendation #2: Replace Existing Basement Air Handling Unit The basement air handling, unit which serves the auditorium and adjacent offices, was found inoperable and past its normal life expectancy. Unit components such as fan, fan motors, ductwork, valve components, and more are deteriorating and compromised and have become unreliable for consistent control. This unit is also stand alone and not currently connected to the building automation system; and is not capable of providing any mechanical cooling.

SES recommends that the air handling unit, associated ductwork and surrounding spaces be reviewed for a possible HVAC renovation project. Due to the difference in space load and ventilation requirements between the auditorium and office spaces, separate HVAC systems may be desired.

Recommendation #3: Rebalance Rooftop Units In review of the TAB data, the following roof top units were measured to supply 0% outside air at the time of reading.

Although the ventilation requirements of these spaces are currently satisfied due to the presence of operable windows, it is not recommended that these spaces rely solely on the operable windows for ventilation. Operable windows are allowable means of ventilation per code, however when utilized for ventilation, typically results in over heating or overcooling of the space. This method of ventilation also requires the occupants to open the windows when in space which typically does not occur.

SES recommends rebalancing the minimum outside air damper position to the minimum outside airflow CFM described below.

Unit ID Manufacturer Service Measured Outside Air (CFM)

Min OA (CFM)

RTU Heil Classroom 17 0 310 RTU-1 Carrier Classroom 18 0 300 RTU-2 Carrier Classroom 19 0 220 RTU-2 Trane Classroom 20 0 300 RTU-1 Trane Classroom 21 and

Corridor 0 300

RTU-1 Trane Library 0 920

Recommendation #4: Add Gymnasium HVAC Equipment Currently the Gymnasium space is not equipped with any means of mechanical ventilation. In addition there are no means of mechanical cooling in this space. Space ventilation requirements are satisfied solely due to the presence of operable windows.

SES recommends reviewing the space requirements and installing a new air handling system to provide temperature and ventilation control to the space.

Recommendation #5: Add Mechanical Ventilation For Spaces With Operable Windows Only During review of TAB data, the following spaces do not have any means of mechanical ventilation. Although these spaces are technically satisfied via code due to the presence of operable windows, operable windows are not a recommended means of ventilation. The required ventilation rates of the spaces has been included below.

Space Calculated Min Outside Air (CFM) Art Classroom 380

Music Room 107 240

Study Area 35

Room 102 35

Custodian's Office 40

Classroom 1 310

Classroom 2 315

Classroom 3 305

Classroom 4 305

Classroom 5 305

Classroom 6 275

Classroom 7 275

Classroom 8 255

Classroom 9 260

Classroom 10 310

Classroom 11 280

Classroom 12 305

Classroom 13 315

Classroom 14 315

Classroom 15 100

Classroom 16 365

Main Lobby 185

Music Room 75

SES recommends an HVAC upgrade to install air handling units to provide mechanical ventilation to the spaces noted above.

Although these spaces have operable windows, utilizing an air handling unit to ventilate these spaces will provide conditioned, dry air throughout the year, independent of current outside air conditions. The calculated outside air requirements for each space have been included in the table above.

Recommendation #6: Review/Replace Cafeteria Unit Ventilators In review of the TAB data, the two unit ventilators serving the cafeteria were found to not satisfy the minimum ventilation requirements for the space without the use of operable windows.

Space Measured Outside Air

(CFM)

Measured Supply Air

(CFM)

Calculated Outside Air Required

(CFM)

Cafeteria - Left 449 1068 815 Cafeteria – Right 0 768 815

With the current equipment installed, the right UV is not capable of supplying enough air to the spaces to satisfy the required outside air levels. The left UV was measured to have sufficient supply air to satisfy the outside air requirement, however, the minimum outside air percentage would be greater than 75%, this would increase the risk of costly maintenance. SES recommends reviewing equipment to determine if fan speeds can be increased. If units are determined to be nearing the end of their useable life, equipment should be replaced with newer models that can be integrated to the building management system.

Recommendation #7: Rebalance Unit Ventilator for Room 104 In review of the TAB data, the unit ventilator serving room 104 was found to not satisfy the minimum ventilation requirements for the space without the use of operable windows.

SES recommends rebalancing the minimum outside air for the unit ventilator to the calculated outside air requirement stated below and an associated minimum outside air damper position assigned.

Space Measured Outside Air

(CFM)

Calculated Outside Air Required

(CFM)

Room 104 35 300

Recommendation #8: Replace Toilet Exhaust Fans During review of TAB data, the following toilet rooms were significantly below the calculated exhaust ventilation requirements. Due to the age of school and the quality of existing drawings, SES was unable to determine exactly which exhaust fans serve which bathrooms.

Space Measured Exhaust Air (CFM) Calculated Required Exhaust Air (CFM) Room 104 0 50 Boys Toilet 163 200

Classroom 9 0 25 Classroom 10 0 25

Boys Toilet Classroom 16 0 25 Girls Toilet Classroom 16 0 25

During the physical walkthrough, two toilet exhaust fans were found to utilize pneumatic controls and appear to be nearing the end of their useable life. In addition, these fans are not currently connected to the building management system (BMS)

SES recommends these two fans are replaced with new fans and are connected to the building management system.

Ventilation requirements for each space and service should be determined prior to installation to determine sizing of each exhaust fan.

Unit ID Service EF-2 Basement Toilets EF-7 1st Floor Toilets

Recommendation #9: Filter Improvements Currently, the following roof top units were found to utilize MERV-8 filters:

• RTU-2 – Classroom 19

• RTU-1 – Library

• RTU-2 – Classroom 20

SES recommends replacing and upgrading all final filters to at least MERV 13 for increased filtration efficiency.

In addition, ERU-1 was found to have dirty filters, filters should be changed to ensure optimal performance.

Next Steps

Review Recommendations It is recommended that the client review this report and the proposed recommendations for further clarification, if needed and decide a course of action. SES can provide additional assistance if needed, to further analyze and develop these recommendations for future implementation, and if desired, provide commissioning of the implemented measures.

Appendix A: IAQ Evaluation Sheet

Tag AREA SERVED Type Pre-Filter

Condition

Final Filter

Conditon Unit Condition Outside Air Control Method CO2 Control? Supply Airflow Min. Outside Airflow3 % OA

Summated OA

Airflow

Calculated Min.

Outside Airflow % OA2 Comments

AHU Basement Air Handling Unit - - Poor Unknown Unknown 0 0 0% 4,167 4,170 #DIV/0! Staff stated unit is out of service.

RTU-2 - Carrier Portable Classrooms Packaged RTU 2 2 Fair Unknown Unknown 1,257 0 0% 214 220 18%

ERU-1 Admin Energy Recovery 3 3 Great 100% Outside Air No 1,808 0 0% 514 520 29%

RTU - Heil Portable Classrooms Packaged RTU 2 2 Good Unknown Unknown 1,066 0 0% 309 310 29%

RTU-1 Library Packaged RTU 1 1 Far Unknown Unknown 2,672 0 0% 915 920 34%

RTU-1 - Trane Portable Classrooms Packaged RTU 1 1 Good Unknown Unknown 2,274 0 0% 300 310 14%

RTU-2 - Trane Portable Classrooms Packaged RTU 2 2 Fair Unknown Unknown 1,375 0 0% 292 300 22%

RTU-1 - Carrier Portable Classrooms Packaged RTU 2 2 Fair Unknown Unknown 796 0 0% 294 300 38%

TAB Measured Filters (1 = clean, 2 = partially loaded, 3 = dirty)

IMC 2021 Ventilation Assessment

Unit Tag Room # Category Infiltration ZoneArea, Az, per space (SF)

Zone

Population, Pz, per space

People OA Rate in

Breathing Zone, Rp

(CFM/person)

Area OA Rate in

Breathing Zone, Ra

(CFM/SF)

Default Occupant

Density

Breathing Zone OA

(CFM) Vbz=RpPz+RaAz

Table 6-2 Zone Air

Distribution

Effectiveness

Zone OA Flow, Voz Min. Ventilation

Airflow (CFM)

Actual Supply

Airflow (CFM)

% OA

Actual Ventilation

Airflow (CFM)

Ventilation Difference

(CFM)

Ventilation

Difference (%)

Code Satisified?

Comments

AHU Auditorium Multiuse assembly No 3500 432 7.5 0.06 100 3,450 1 3,450 3,450 0 - #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! AHU currently inoperable

AHU Office 108A Office spaces No 117 3 5 0.06 5 22 1 22 22 0 - #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! AHU currently inoperable

AHU Office 108B Office spaces No 190 9 5 0.06 5 56 1 56 56 0 - #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! AHU currently inoperable

AHU Office 109 Office spaces No 237.5 8 5 0.06 5 54 1 54 54 0 - #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! AHU currently inoperable

AHU Room 100 Office spaces Yes 300 9 5 0.06 5 63 1 63 63 0 - #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! AHU currently inoperable

AHU Room 101 Office spaces No 790.5 23 5 0.06 5 162 1 162 162 0 - #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! AHU currently inoperable

AHU Stage Music/theater/dance No 978.5 30 10 0.06 35 359 1 359 359 0 - #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! AHU currently inoperable

ERU-1 Faculty Lounge Cafeteria/fast-food dining No 286 12 7.5 0.18 100 141 1 141 141 122 0% 0 (141) -100% No

ERU-1 Corridor Corridors No 150 8 0 0.06 0 9 1 9 9 427 0% 0 (9) -100% No

ERU-1 Assistant Principal Office Office spaces Yes 108 3 5 0.06 5 21 1 21 21 72 0% 0 (21) -100% Yes*

ERU-1 Nurse's Office Office spaces No 76 2 5 0.06 5 15 1 15 15 54 0% 0 (15) -100% No

ERU-1 Treatment Area Daycare Sickroom No 207 5 10 0.18 25 87 1 87 87 41 0% 0 (87) -100% No

ERU-1 Principal's Office Office spaces Yes 214.5 4 5 0.06 5 33 1 33 33 45 0% 0 (33) -100% Yes*

ERU-1 Main Office Conference room Conference rooms No 220 8 5 0.06 50 53 1 53 53 225 0% 0 (53) -100% No

ERU-1 Main Office Main entry lobbies Yes 720 10 5 0.06 10 93 1 93 93 190 0% 0 (93) -100% Yes*

ERU-1 Redaing Intervention Suite Office spaces No 140.25 4 5 0.06 5 28 1 28 28 257 0% 0 (28) -100% No

ERU-1 Main Office corridor Corridors No 216 6 0 0.06 0 13 1 13 13 135 0% 0 (13) -100% No

ERU-1 Security Office Office spaces No 82.5 3 5 0.06 5 20 1 20 20 240 0% 0 (20) -100% No

RTU - Heil Classroom 17 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 826 21 10 0.12 35 309 1 309 309 1066 0% 0 (309) -100% Yes*

RTU-1 Library Libraries Yes 4896 60 5 0.12 10 888 1 888 888 2596 0% 0 (888) -100% Yes*

RTU-1 Library Office spaces Yes 131.75 4 5 0.06 5 28 1 28 28 76 0% 0 (28) -100% Yes*

RTU-1 - Carrier Classroom 18 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 783 20 10 0.12 35 294 1 294 294 796 0% 0 (294) -100% Yes*

RTU-1 - Trane Classroom 21 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 662.5 19 10 0.12 35 270 1 270 270 1510 0% 0 (270) -100% Yes*

RTU-1 - Trane Corridor Corridors No 516 15 0 0.06 0 31 1 31 31 764 0% 0 (31) -100% No

RTU-2 - Carrier Classroom 19 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 783 12 10 0.12 35 214 1 214 214 1257 0% 0 (214) -100% Yes*

RTU-2 - Trane Classroom 20 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 768.5 20 10 0.12 35 292 1 292 292 1375 0% 0 (292) -100% Yes*

UV 104 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 660 22 10 0.12 35 299 1 299 299 695 5% 35 (264) -88% Yes*

UV Cafeteria Cafeteria/fast-food dining Yes 1152 81 7.5 0.18 100 815 1 815 815 1068 42% 449 (366) -45% Yes*

UV Cafeteria Cafeteria/fast-food dining Yes 1152 81 7.5 0.18 100 815 1 815 815 768 0% 0 (815) -100% Yes*

NA Art Classroom Art Classroom Yes 770.5 24 10 0.18 20 379 1 379 379 0 0% - (379) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Music Room 107 Music/theater/dance Yes 575 20 10 0.06 35 235 1 235 235 0 0% - (235) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Gym Gym, sports arena (play area) Yes 4920 250 20 0.18 7 5,886 1 5,886 5,886 0 0% - (5,886) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Gym Office spaces Yes 120 3 5 0.06 5 22 1 22 22 0 0% - (22) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Study Area Reception areas No 194.75 4 5 0.06 30 32 1 32 32 0 0% - (32) -100% No No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Room 102 Office spaces Yes 104.5 5 5 0.06 5 31 1 31 31 0 0% - (31) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Custodian's Office Office spaces Yes 240 5 5 0.06 5 39 1 39 39 0 0% - (39) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 1 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 805 21 10 0.12 35 307 1 307 307 0 0% - (307) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 2 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 770.5 22 10 0.12 35 312 1 312 312 0 0% - (312) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 3 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 770.5 21 10 0.12 35 302 1 302 302 0 0% - (302) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 4 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 770.5 21 10 0.12 35 302 1 302 302 0 0% - (302) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 5 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 770.5 21 10 0.12 35 302 1 302 302 0 0% - (302) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 6 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 770.5 18 10 0.12 35 272 1 272 272 0 0% - (272) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 7 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 782 18 10 0.12 35 274 1 274 274 0 0% - (274) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 8 Classrooms (ages 5 to 8) Yes 770.5 16 10 0.12 25 252 1 252 252 0 0% - (252) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 9 Classrooms (ages 5 to 8) Yes 816.5 16 10 0.12 25 258 1 258 258 0 0% - (258) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 10 Classrooms (ages 5 to 8) Yes 816.5 21 10 0.12 25 308 1 308 308 0 0% - (308) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 11 Classrooms (ages 5 to 8) Yes 816.5 18 10 0.12 25 278 1 278 278 0 0% - (278) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 12 Classrooms (ages 5 to 8) Yes 862.5 20 10 0.12 25 304 1 304 304 0 0% - (304) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 13 Classrooms (ages 5 to 8) Yes 862.5 21 10 0.12 25 314 1 314 314 0 0% - (314) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 14 Classrooms (ages 9 plus) Yes 862.5 21 10 0.12 35 314 1 314 314 0 0% - (314) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 15 Classrooms (ages 5 to 8) Yes 235.75 7 10 0.12 25 98 1 98 98 0 0% - (98) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Classroom 16 Classrooms (ages 5 to 8) Yes 1338.75 20 10 0.12 25 361 1 361 361 0 0% - (361) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Main lobby Main entry lobbies No 1404 20 5 0.06 10 184 1 184 184 0 0% - (184) -100% No No Mechanical Ventilation

NA Instrumental music room Music/theater/dance Yes 240 6 10 0.06 35 74 1 74 74 0 0% - (74) -100% Yes* No Mechanical Ventilation

Unit Tag Room # Category ZoneArea, Az, per space (SF) TAB Exhaust CFM # of Toilets Calc'd Exhaust CFM

Ventilation Difference

(CFM)

Code Satisified? Comments

EF-2/EF-7 Boys Toilet Toilet rooms - private 90 96 1 25 71 Yes

EF-2/EF-7 Room 104 Toilet rooms - private 44 0 2 50 (50) No

EF-2/EF-7 Girls Toilet Toilet rooms - private 54 71 2 50 21 Yes

EF-2/EF-7 Room 101 Toilet rooms - private 90 75 1 25 50 Yes

EF-2/EF-7 Girls Toilet Toilet rooms - private 269.5 135 6 150 (15) No

EF-2/EF-7 Boys Toilet Toilet rooms - private 269.5 163 8 200 (37) No

EF-2/EF-7 Classroom 8 Toilet rooms - private 22 110 1 25 85 Yes

EF-2/EF-7 Classroom 9 Toilet rooms - private 22 0 1 25 (25) No

EF-2/EF-7 Classroom 10 Toilet rooms - private 22 0 1 25 (25) No

EF-2/EF-7 Classroom 11 Toilet rooms - private 22 34 1 25 9 Yes

EF-2/EF-7 Girls Toilet Toilet rooms - private 198 121 3 75 46 Yes

EF-2/EF-7 Boys Toilet Toilet rooms - private 198 109 5 125 (16) No

EF-2/EF-7 Boys Toilet Classroom 16 Toilet rooms - private 13.5 0 1 25 (25) No

EF-2/EF-7 Girls Toilet Classroom 16 Toilet rooms - private 13.5 0 1 25 (25) No

EF-2/EF-7 Mens Room Toilet rooms - private 77 266 2 50 216 Yes

EF-2/EF-7 Women's Room Toilet rooms - private 105 181 2 50 131 Yes

EF-2/EF-7 Nurses Toilet Toilet rooms - private 56 133 1 25 108 Yes

EF-2/EF-7 Kitchen Bathroom Toilet rooms - private 56 125 1 25 100 Yes

Notes

No fresh air requirements for public bathrooms, only exhaust. Exhaust is 50 CFM or 70 CFM per water closet or urinal. If exhaust fan is intermittent than the higher value is used.

No fresh air requirements for private bathrooms, only exhaust. Exhaust is 25 CFM or 50 CFM per water closet or urinal. If exhaust fan is intermittent than the higher value is used.

No fresh air requirements for shower rooms, only exhaust. Exhaust is 20 CFM or 50 CFM per shower head. If exhaust fan is intermittent than the higher value is used.

Corridors are .06 CFM/sf only

Locker rooms are exhasut only at 0.5 CFM/sf

Corridors are .06 CFM/sf only

Appendix B: International Mechanical Code Minimum Ventilation Rates (2021) per ASHRAE 62.1

Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone People Outdoor

Air Rate Rp

Area Outdoor Air

Rate Ra

Default Values

(Occupant Density) Air Class OS (6.2.6.1.4) Comments

Occupancy Classification Category cfm/person cfm/sf #/1000sf

Educational Facilities Art Classroom 10 0.18 20 2 No

Educational Facilities Classrooms (ages 5 to 8) 10 0.12 25 1 No

Educational Facilities Classrooms (ages 9 plus) 10 0.12 35 1 No

Educational Facilities Computer Lab 10 0.12 25 1 No

Educational Facilities Daycare Sickroom 10 0.18 25 3 No

Educational Facilities Daycare (through age 4) 10 0.18 25 2 No

Educational Facilities Auditoriums 5 0.06 150 0

Educational Facilities Lecture Classroom 7.5 0.06 65 1 Yes

Per ASHRAE, lecture classrooms are spaces with low space generated emissions and hard surfaces. Little off gassing so reduced levels. Most standard classrooms will be lecture classroom type.

Educational Facilities Lecture hall (fixed seats) 7.5 0.06 150 1 Yes University style (see occupant density)

Educational Facilities Libraries 5 0.12 10 n/a No

Educational Facilities Media Center 10 0.12 25 1 No

Educational Facilities Multiuse assembly 7.5 0.06 100 1 Yes

Educational Facilities Music/theater/dance 10 0.06 35 1 Yes

Educational Facilities Science laboratories 10 0.18 25 2 No

Educational Facilities University/college laboratories 10 0.18 25 2 No

Educational Facilities Sports locker rooms 0 -0.7 0 0 No

Educational Facilities Wood/metal shop 10 0.18 20 2 No

Food and Beverage Bars, cocktail lounges 7.5 0.18 100 2 No

Food and Beverage Cafeteria/fast-food dining 7.5 0.18 100 2 No

Food and Beverage Kitchen (cooking) 7.5 0.18 20 2 No

Food and Beverage Restaurant dining rooms 7.5 0.18 70 2 No

Private Dwellings Toilet rooms - private 0 0 0 0

Offices Conference rooms 5 0.06 50 1 Yes

Offices Main entry lobbies 5 0.06 10 1 Yes

Offices Office spaces 5 0.06 5 1 Yes

Offices Reception areas 5 0.06 30 1 Yes

Offices Telephone/data entry 5 0.06 60 1 Yes

Public spaces Corridors 0 0.06 0

Public spaces Shower room 0 0 0

Public spaces Toilet rooms - public 0 0 0

Public Assembly Spaces Auditorium seating area 5 0.06 150 1 Yes

Public Assembly Spaces Libraries 5 0.12 10 1 No

Public Assembly Spaces Toilet rooms - public 0 0 0

Sports and Entertainment Bowling alley (seating) 10 0.12 40 1 No

Sports and Entertainment Disco/dance floors 20 0.06 100 2 Yes

Sports and Entertainment Gambling casinos 7.5 0.18 120 1 No

Sports and Entertainment Game arcades 7.5 0.18 20 1 No

Sports and Entertainment Gym, sports arena (play area) 20 0.18 7 2 No

Sports and Entertainment Health club/aerobics room 20 0.06 40 2 No

Sports and Entertainment Health club/weight room 20 0.06 10 2 No

Sports and Entertainment Spectator areas 7.5 0.06 150 1 Yes

Sports and Entertainment Stages, studios 10 0.06 70 1 Yes

Sports and Entertainment Swimming (pool and deck) 0 0.48 0 2 No

Minimum Exhaust Rates

Occupancy Classification Category CFM/fixture CFM/SF Comments

Educational Facilities Toilet rooms - public 50 0 20

Educational Facilities Toilet rooms - private 25 0

Educational Facilities Shower rooms 20 0

Educational Facilities Sports locker rooms 0 0.5