Tab L OPLAN 91-212 BASH Plan.pdf

(UNCLASSIFIED)

45TH SPACE WING

PATRICK AIR FORCE BASE, FLORIDA

45 SW BIRD HAZARD REDUCTION PLAN

45 SW PLAN 91-212

15 APRIL 2006

GUARDIANS OF THE HIGH FRONTIER

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

45TH SPACE WING (AFSPC)

MEMORANDUM FOR DISTRIBUTION 20 Jul 2006

FROM: 45 SW/CV

1201 Edward H. White II Street Patrick AFB FL 32925-3299

SUBJECT: 45 SW PLAN 91-212

1. Attached is the 45th SW OPlan 91-212 Bird Hazard Reduction Plan. This plan is the 45th SW supporting plan for AFP 91-212 and incorporates wing policy letter 03-019.

Destroy/return all copies of previous OPLAN 91-212, dated 30 Aug 02. The plan will be effective immediately upon receipt for planning purposes and for implementation upon direction of the Commander, 45th SW.

2. All elements of this plan were coordinated through affected and tasked agencies.

Supporting checklists for tasked agencies will be prepared within 30 days after receipt of this plan and forwarded to the designated OPR. Annual review of this plan will be completed by 15 April of each year.

3. All recommendations for changes should be forwarded to the OPR and must include the date and applicable reference within the original document. The OPR for this plan is the 45 SW Flight Safety Officer, 45 SW/SEF, 494-2239/3353.

//original signed//

THOMAS J. BOUTHILLER

Colonel, USAF Vice Commander

Attachment:

45 SW OPLAN 91-212

45TH SPACE WING (AFSPC)

Patrick Air Force Base FL 32925 3 April 2006

45 SW OPLAN 91-212

SECURITY INSTRUCTIONS

1. The long title of this plan is 45 SW OPlan 91-212, Bird Hazard Reduction Plan. The short title is 45 SW OPLAN 91-212.

2. This plan is unclassified. Information in this plan will be disseminated to all activities and personnel whose duties require knowledge of the plan.

3. Reproduction of this plan in whole or part without the permission of the OPR is authorized as required in preparation of supporting plans or checklists.

i

45TH SPACE WING (AFSPC)

Patrick Air Force Base FL 32925 3 April 2006

RECORD OF CHANGES AND ANNUAL REVIEW

RECORD OF CHANGES

CHANGE NO DATE DATE POSTED POSTED BY

ii

45TH SPACE WING (AFSPC)

Patrick Air Force Base FL 32925 3 April 2006

45 SW OPLAN 91-212

PLAN SUMMARY

1. PURPOSE. To establish and operate a Wing program to minimize bird/wildlife strike damage to aircraft. This is the supporting plan for AFP 91-212 and incorporates wing policy letter 03-019.

2. CONDITIONS FOR EXECUTION. This plan is based on hazards from both indigenous and seasonal bird populations. Implementation of specific portions of the plan is continuous, while other portions will be implemented as required by bird activity.

3. OPERATIONS TO BE CONDUCTED

a. Specific operations include:

(1) Establishment of a Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG).

(2) Eliminate or reduce environmental factors which attract birds to the airfield.

(3) Report hazardous bird activity and alter or discontinue flying operations.

(4) Inform all assigned and transient aircrews on specific bird hazards and procedures for avoidance.

(5) Disperse birds on 45 SW airfields.

b. Tasked organizations: As listed in annex A.

c. Supporting checklists are required.

iii

45TH SPACE WING (AFSPC)

Patrick Air Force Base FL 32925 3 April 2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS AND LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

CONTENTS PAGE

SECURITY INSTRUCTIONS ....................................................... i RECORD OF CHANGES/ANNUAL REVIEW ............................... ii PLAN SUMMARY ......................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................... iv

BASIC PLAN

ANNEX A, TASKED ORGANIZATIONS ....................................... A-1

ANNEX B ..................................................................................... Not Used ANNEX C, OPERATIONS ............................................................ C-1 ANNEX D THRU L ....................................................................... Not Used

ANNEX M, MAPS AND CHARTS ................................................. M-1

ANNEX N THRU X ....................................................................... Not Used

ANNEX Y, REPORTS AND FORMS ............................................ Y-1

APPENDIX 1, Bird Activity Survey ............................... Y-1-1 APPENDIX 2, AF Form 853, Air Force Bird Strike Report ................................ Y-2-1 ANNEX Z, DISTRIBUTION… ....................................................... Z-1 iv

Patrick Air Force Base FL 32925 3 April 2006

45 SW OPLAN 91-212

BASIC PLAN

REFERENCES: a. AFM 10-401

b. AFI 32-1026/MAJCOM Supplements

c. AFI 32-1053

d. AFPD 32-70

e. AFI 91-202

f. AFI 91-204/MAJCOM Supplements

g. FHAW OPLAN 127-15

h. BASH Team Staff Assistance Visit Reports

i. Field Guides to Regional Birds

TASKED ORGANIZATIONS. See Annex A for tasked forces.

1. SITUATION

a. General. A bird/aircraft strike hazard (BASH) exists at 45 SW airfields (Patrick AFB, Cape Canaveral AFS and Ascension AAF) and vicinity due to resident and migratory bird species. A BASH hazard also exists at Antigua AS (V.C. Byrd International Airport) and Melbourne International Airport where 45 SW tenant units are based at commercial airfields. Daily and seasonal bird movements create various hazardous conditions. This plan establishes procedures to minimize these hazards at 45 SW airfields. No single solution exists to the BASH problem and a variety of techniques and organizations are involved in the control program. While focusing on bird hazard, this plan also encompasses all wildlife hazards posed to aircraft.

b. Airfield Local Area

(1) Patrick AFB. It occupies approximately 2,100 acres on a narrow portion of land between the Banana River and the Atlantic Ocean in Brevard County FL. The airfield is bounded by the main base to the north, the ocean on the east, and a golf course and wooded area to the south and west. The elevation of the base is 9 feet mean sea level (MSL). Situated between two major bodies of water, Patrick AFB is in an area of significant bird diversity and activity. In addition to year-round resident species, this area is at the biological crossroads of north-south bird migration pattern.

Furthermore, bird movements in wintering grounds are much less predictable. The following types of birds pose a hazard to aircraft: Gulls (ring billed and herring), cattle egrets, little blue herons, great blue herons, pelicans, coots, willets, yellow legs, killdeer, plover, black skimmers osprey, and kestrel hawk. Also, approximately 20,000 lesser scaup (bluebill) winter in the vicinity of Patrick AFB on the Banana River.

(2) Cape Canaveral AFS. Resident waterfowl are the greatest hazard to CCAFS Skid Strip (XMR) flight operations. In addition, a sanitary landfill increased the hazard until it’s closing. Gulls and terns are common in all areas and present exceptionally heavy activity on the ramp and runway after rain showers. Long-legged wading birds are most common along the Banana River and on the final approach course to runway

13. Raptors are common in all areas, especially north of the runway. Pelicans and shorebirds present heavy concentrations along the coast and are extremely hazardous along the final approach course to both runways. Finally, small species and migratory birds are common in all brushy areas. Due to the limited air traffic flow into the Skid Strip, there have been few recorded BASH incidents.

(3) Antigua AS. US military aircraft transiting through or staging at Antigua AS use V.C. Bird International Airport, a civilian airport operated by the government of Antigua and Barbuda. Antigua is a 281 Km sq island in the Leeward Islands group in the eastern Caribbean. Although the island is well covered by vegetation, few BASH incidents have been reported.

(4) Ascension AAF. Wideawake Airfield is located on the southwest corner of Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is bounded on three sides by water and on the fourth side by mountainous terrain. Bird activity is basically seasonal when the Wideawake tern arrives for the nesting season. The breeding areas are south and southeast of the departure end of runway 14. After the eggs hatch, bird activity increases as seabirds, predominantly frigate birds, appear. Other birds indigenous to the island include mynah birds; waxbill finches, wild canaries, fairy terns, smokey terns, egrets and booby birds; these birds are found predominantly northeast of the airfield and are not normally a hazard to aircraft. Despite the large bird population, only a few BASH incidents have been recorded. Due to location, Ascension will maintain a separate BASH OPLAN.

(5) Melbourne International Airport. The Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS) conducts flight operations from this airport. JSTARS is a tenant unit of the 45 SW at Patrick AFB. The airfield is bounded to the east by the Banana River.

Residential/ commercial areas bound the airfield to the north, south, and west. Bird activity at the Melbourne Airport is similar to that of Patrick AFB.

2. MISSION

This plan is designed to:

a. Establish a Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG) and designate responsibilities to its members.

b. Establish guidelines to alter the airfield environment to decrease its attractiveness to birds IAW AFPD 32-70.

c. Establish procedures for identification and communication of high-hazard situations to aid supervisors and aircrews in altering/discontinuing flying operations if required.

d. Establish aircraft and airfield operating procedures to avoid high-hazard situations.

e. Inform all assigned and transient aircrews on specific bird hazards and procedures for bird avoidance.

f. Provide guidelines for harassment and dispersal of birds as they threaten aircraft operations on 45 SW airfields.

3. EXECUTION

a. Concept of Operations

(1) Reducing the bird strike hazard at 45 SW airfields requires a cooperative effort among many wing and tenant organizations. The overall OPR and monitor for implementation of this plan is 45 SW/SEF.

(2) Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG):

(a) Function. Collects, compiles, and reviews data on bird strikes, identifies, and recommends actions to reduce hazards. Recommends changes in operational procedures. Prepares informational programs for aircrews. Serves as point of contact for off-base BASH issues.

(b) Authority. The BHWG submits all efforts to the 45 SW Commander for approval. Implementation is through the normal chain of command.

(c) Composition. The chairman of the Wing BHWG will be the 45 SW Vice Commander or representative. As a minimum, the group will consist of a representative from Flight Safety, Airfield Manager or designated representative (for both PAFB and CCAFS), Air Traffic Control, Weather, Civil Engineering, and all tenant Flight Safety Officers. Appropriate representatives from Aero Club and Patrick Golf Course will attend as needed. Ascension AAF Station commander will establish local procedures.

The Antigua Station Commander will work with civilian airport authorities on bird strike prevention.

(d) Meeting Schedule. Semi-annually, or as requested by the chairperson of the BHWG. When feasible, the BHWG will be combined with the quarterly Commanders Consolidated Safety and Health Council meeting.

b. Tasks. Annex C lists specific hazard reduction techniques for varying bird hazard conditions. These will remain in effect as long as the hazard is present, as determined by the working group.

(1) 45 SW Vice Commander (45 SW/CV). Chairs 45 SW Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG) meetings.

(2) Wing Flight Safety (45 SW/SEF)

(a) As OPR for Bird Hazard Reduction Plan, ensures wing-wide compliance with AFI 91-202 and reports all bird-aircraft strikes and hazards in accordance with AFI 91-202, AFI 91-204 and Annex Y of this plan.

(b) Reports on BASH and includes BHWG recommendations and actions in the agenda and minutes of the quarterly 45 SW Commander’s Consolidated Safety and Health Council meetings.

(c) Monitors all tasked organization activities for compliance with this plan and AFI 91-202.

(d) Disseminates BASH data to BHWG and flying units. The trend data will include number of strikes, time, damage amounts, location, etc. (AF Form 853 data).

(e) Provides the BHWG with current BASH guidance from higher headquarters, the BASH team, the 45 CES/CEV, and other agencies.

(f) Maintains a current bird activity map for Patrick AFB and Cape Canaveral AFS Skid Strip using recorded strike data and observations. Advises the chairman of the BHWG when a meeting is deemed necessary.

(g) Provides any additional information on migratory, local and seasonal bird activities through contact with the 45 CES/CEV, Audubon Society, local ornithologists and other agencies.

(h) Coordinates with aircrews, maintenance or Airfield Management Operations personnel to collect unknown non-fleshy remains (i.e., feathers) after strikes.

Sends any salvaged remains to the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (See AF Form 853, Air Force Bird Strike Report, 20010501 version for address).

Forward copies of any photographs of the strike to the BASH Team at HQ AFSC/SEFW (See AF Form 853, Air Force Bird Strike Report, 20010501 version for address).

Forward strike report copies to 45 CES/CEVP for bird population monitoring.

(i) Maintains current BASH data and forms in the Flight Safety Officer’s continuity book to facilitate personnel turnover.

(j) Establishes a bird hazard awareness program with tenant unit Flying Safety Officers.

(3) 45 SW COMMAND POST (45 SW/CP). Relay reports of bird activity received from airborne aircraft to Airfield Management Operations.

(4) Airfield Management (AM) (45 OSS/OSAB)

(a) Ensures AM personnel incorporate evaluating bird activity into daily inspections. If dead birds are noted, they should be removed and identified, if possible.

If not possible, a sample of feathers/remains will be forwarded to 45 SW/SEF for identification. After the first inspection of the day, AM will establish and coordinate the initial bird watch condition for Patrick AFB. He/she will change bird watch condition codes according to the following: [NOTES: 1) Cape Canaveral Skid Strip personnel can tailor procedures to meet their mission requirements with approval from 45 OSS/CC. 2) Subsequent changes will be made with coordination between the tower and Airfield Management (see para 3e(1)].

1 Observations relayed by airborne or taxiing aircraft.

2 Observations made by and relayed to AM by Patrick AFB Tower, Weather, Civil Engineering, Aircraft Maintenance, Security Police, Transient Alert, 45 SW Safety, or tenant flying units.

3 Observations made by AM personnel.

(b) Disseminates bird-watch conditions in accordance with annex C.

(c) AM personnel will have immediate access to bird dispersal equipment.

Actions will be taken to disperse flocks of birds found on runways, overruns, taxiways, and ramps. The effects of dispersing birds from an isolated area to one of higher use will be kept in mind as dispersal techniques are employed. Non-lethal techniques will be used with depredation as a last resort. The following methods will be used:

1 Bioacoustics. These are taped distress or alarm calls of actual birds.

If determined to be effective, Airfield Management personnel will have bioacoustics equipment readily available to disperse birds. The equipment required to project these calls includes a portable cassette player and a roof-mounted speaker tied into the Ops mobile radio. Special care must be taken to play the tape in 20-30 second intervals to prevent habituation by the birds. Repeat the short-interval procedure several times if necessary. The birds should respond by taking flight or becoming alert/wary.

2 Pyrotechnics. The Airfield Manager or designated representative will determine if the use of pyrotechnics (M-8 Very pistols, 12 gauge shotgun scare cartridges) are applicable. If so, use will be coordinated with the Security Forces Control Center, Tower, and Fire Department.

3 Depredation. Wildlife tends to become accustomed to harassment techniques that are used over a period of time; therefore, birds may be killed as necessary when these harassment techniques have failed. Air Force installations may take migratory birds only with a permit from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and only when absolutely necessary for BASH implementation. The Environmental Flight, 45 CES/CEVP, maintains the required permit for the 45 SW. AM will provide to 45 CES/CEVP the date, species and number of birds taken for depredation permit requirements. No listed threatened or endangered species can be taken at any time.

The airfield manager in close coordination with the installation natural resource manager is the approving authority for shooting birds on the airfield. This approving authority cannot be delegated lower or laterally.

4 Radio Controlled Gas Cannons. Airfield Management personnel will activate LP Gas cannons with a hand-held transmitter or the master controller in Airfield Management Operations. Tower personnel can also activate cannons with a hand-held transmitter. Cannons are used to compliment, but not replace active bird dispersal operations. To minimize the potential for bird habituation and maximize element of surprise, cannons are not set to go off at regular intervals.

5 Other Devices. Ingenuity is encouraged in the bird scare program.

When responding for bird dispersal, the AM representative will make an on-scene assessment of the situation and use whatever tactics are necessary to alleviate the condition.

(d) Ensures airfield mowing is conducted as required to maintain appropriate grass height non-conducive for bird activity, also,coordinates with Civil Engineers so that mowing-induced bird activity does not interfere with flight operations.

The Base Civil Engineer is responsible for developing procedures for removal or control of bird attractants that may impact the airfield area.

(e) Solicits and accepts BASH reports from locally based and transient aircrews and ensures remains (i.e., feathers) and reports are provided to 45 SW/SEF.

(f) Ensures bird-hazard information received from local flying units is available to transient aircrews for flight planning. Update low-level map in flight planning room with bird-strike locations and time.

(g) Ensures storage and use of pyrotechnic devices comply with USAF explosives safety requirements. Cleans up areas in which pyrotechnics and/or depredation methods have been used to prevent the possibility of foreign object damage.

(h) Includes bird hazards in Flight Information Publications (IFR Supplement, General Planning), to include time of year for Phase 1 and 2, and aircraft operation restrictions based on bird watch conditions.

(i) Attends BHWG meetings.

(5) AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (45 OSS/OSAT)

(a) Reports observed bird activity to AM and posts current bird-watch condition to the Air Traffic Information System (ATIS).

(b) Advises all aircraft on initial contact of current bird-watch conditions and corresponding restrictions. For example: “Patrick AFB is currently bird-watch condition SEVERE, birds on the approach end of runway 02.” Issues bird-watch condition code advisories to aircrews IAW FAAH 7110.65, para 2-1-22.

(c) Provides Airfield Management appropriate access to the runway as required.

(d) Ensure representative attends BHWG meetings.

(6) WEATHER (45 WS/DOO)

(a) If the display unit in AM is inoperative, AM personnel will advise Base Weather of the current bird-watch condition. Base Weather will advise aircrews of the current bird-watch condition during the predeparture weather briefing.

(b) When aircrews call weather for a briefing via telephone or airborne, the forecaster will provide the current bird-watch condition.

(c) Representative observation site personnel will report bird activity to Airfield Management as workload permits.

(d) Ensure representative attends BHWG meetings.

(7) SECURITY FORCES OPERATIONS (45 SFS/SFO)

(a) Security Police flightline patrols will report large bird concentrations or evidence of bird strikes on airfield to AM as observed.

(b) Security Police will include methods for enforcing prohibitions of feeding birds/wildlife in AFI 31-204/45 SW Supplement 1.

(8) BASE CIVIL ENGINEER (45 CES/CEVP/CEOFI/CEOE/CEH)

(a) Assigns a person from Environmental Planning to the BHWG to monitor and advise the group on environmental modification. The base Civil Engineer is responsible for developing procedures for removal or control of bird attractants.

(b) Maintains a long-range program to make the airfield area as unattractive to birds as possible.

(c) Maintains the Patrick AFB Habitat Map.

(d) Initiates surveys and writes environmental assessments and impact statements as required.

(e) Conducts BASH surveys. See Annex M, paragraph 2 for requirements.

(f) Corrects environmental conditions that increase BASH potential.

(g) Uses land-management practices that reduce BASH potential.

(h) Modifies airfield habitat consistent with runway lateral and approach zone management criteria. Habitat reduction to reduce BASH beyond the 1000 ft distance criterion is desired and will further reduce BASH potential.

(i) Consolidates depredation data, and submits required depredation report to the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service on the numbers and types of birds taken.

(j) Will include prohibitions for feeding birds/wildlife in installation housing units within their instructions.

(k) The following general civil engineering considerations are included in the long-range program and must be incorporated into the Land Management Plan:

1 Grass Height Management. Mowing operations shall maintain a uniform grass height between 7 and 14 inches. Mowing frequency will be as needed to maintain height requirements and will be conducted when the average height reaches 14 inches. Grass must be cut before it goes to seed to discourage seed-eating birds from utilizing the airfield. Long grass discourages flocking species from entering the airfield because reduced visibility disrupts interflock communication and flock integrity and prevents detection by their predators. Grass normally should not exceed 14 inches, as extremely high grass will attract some bird species and rodents, which in turn attract raptors. Obtain assistance for appropriate grass seed selection and fertilization from the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Agricultural Extension Service.

Coordinate mowing times with Airfield Management Operations to ensure the additional egret activity induced by mowing does not interfere with flight operations.

2 Broad-leafed Weed Control. Broad-leafed weeds will be kept to a minimum on the airfield. Application of herbicides will be accomplished as necessary to achieve this. Broad-leafed weeds attract a variety of birds, produce seeds or berries that are attractive to birds, and limit growth of desirable turf cover.

3 Planting Bare Areas. Bare areas are frequently used by birds as resting sites and should be eliminated on the airfield. Grass will be planted as necessary.

4 Leveling of Airfield. High and low spots on the field will be leveled or filled to reduce attractiveness to birds and prevent standing water.

5 Fertilizing. Selectively stimulate grasses to promote a uniform cover.

Irrigation may be required to support turf growth. Control watering to enhance root production and decrease seed head production.

6 Reducing Edge Effect. Edge effect refers to the highly attractive transition zone between two distinct habitat types (e.g., brush to grassland). Maintain the airfield as uniformly as possible to reduce this effect.

7 Dead vegetation such as trees or brush piles will be removed as soon as possible.

8 Dead birds or other animals will be removed from the field to avoid attracting vultures or other birds. Notify AM personnel of remains resulting from collision with aircraft.

9 Drainage Ditches. Ditches will be inspected regularly and kept clear and obstacle-free. Ditch sides will be maintained as steeply as possible (a minimum of 5:1 slope) to discourage wading birds. Emergent vegetation will be removed as often as necessary to maintain flow and discourage use by birds.

10 Bird-Proof Buildings and Hangars. Pigeons, sparrows, and starlings frequently roost in buildings and hangars and must be removed. Denying access by screening windows, closing doors, and blocking entry holes is most effective. When necessary, other methods should be considered:

a Trapping/Removal. Base Pest Management will use trapping measures that are approved for removal of pest birds. Birds can either be released away from the hangar or killed. Permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service agency is required to kill migratory birds. No threatened or endangered species may be killed at any time.

b Night Harassment. Use high-pressure air or water to make hangars an undesirable roosting site. Persistence is the key.

c Door Coverings. Use netting or plastic strips suspended over the doors to exclude birds. Ensure no tears or holes are present which allow birds access to the hangar.

d Pest Control. Invertebrates and rodents provide important food sources for many birds. The Civil Engineering Entomology section should periodically survey and reduce these pests when required. Control of insects, earthworms, rodents, etc., through use of insecticides and rodenticides will be accomplished under the supervision of the base Entomologist with EPA-approved methods.

e Erosion Control Vegetation. Vegetation used should be appropriate for the region and support BASH reduction philosophy (i.e., do not control erosion using plants which produce seeds at heights below 14-18 inches).

f Eliminate roosting sites. Roosting sites will be controlled by removal, where possible. Trees will be pruned to reduce the number of perches available and entire trees, or stands, removed if necessary. Refer to the Land Management Plan and AFMs 126-2 or 85-6.

11 Reports evidence of bird strikes on airfield to AM personnel.

(9) Range Station Commanders (Det 1, 45 MSG/CC, Det 1, 45 OG/CC, and Det 2, 45 OG/CC): Due to the limited bird-hazard control methods available, especially at Antigua AS, the plan will concentrate on procedures to notify aircrews regarding current bird-hazard conditions, reporting bird strikes, and developing operational methods (e.g., changing takeoff or landing times) to minimize the BASH potential. The Range Station BASH plans are incorporated into this plan by reference to provide a consolidated 45 SW BASH Plan (with the exception of the BASH Plan for Ascension AAF, 45 SW OPLAN 127-15, 15 April 2006).

(10) Tenant Flying Units. Tenant flying units will provide a representative on the BHWG and support the Wing BASH program as appropriate.

(a) Operations Officer

1 Issue specific guidance for aircrews to follow under the various bird-watch conditions (Annex C).

2 Obtain a copy of the Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) from the HQ AFSC/SEFW web page. The BAM is located at http://www.usahas.com/bam/.

3 Make operational changes to avoid areas and times of known hazardous bird concentrations, mission permitting. Consideration shall be given to the following during periods of increased bird activity:

a Avoid takeoffs/landings at dawn/dusk + 1 hour.

b Limit or prohibit formation takeoffs and landings.

c Depart pattern in trail; rejoin 3000’ AGL.

d Reschedule local training or transition, or conduct it elsewhere.

e Split formation during recovery.

f Discontinue formation instrument approaches.

h Make full-stop landings.

4 Establish procedures for aircrews noting hazardous bird conditions on routes, ranges, or operating areas to immediately notify unit operations and the controlling Air Traffic Control agency or appropriate Flight Service Station. Ensure these reports are available to aircrews in the unit for flight planning. Pass information to Airfield Management Operations.

(b) Standardization/Evaluation (DOV)

1 Reviews with the Operations and Flight Safety Officer all proposed new low-level routes and training areas or changes to existing routes/areas for BASH potential.

2 Monitors aircrew preflight briefings on a regular basis to ensure they brief existing bird-watch conditions, evasive tactics, and post strike procedures.

(c) Unit Flight Safety Officers

1 Ensure aircrews participate in the BASH reduction program by reporting all bird strikes within three workdays and hazardous conditions in accordance with this plan and AFI 91-204. Establish a procedure for the unit to ensure reports are forwarded to 45 SW/SEF.

2 Ensure that the current bird-watch condition code is available and briefed for each planned phase of flight. Base Weather personnel will advise each unit of the daily bird condition on AWIDS. Each unit will post the bird condition on a status board and inform all aircrews of any change in status.

3 Ensure current bird conditions affecting unit operations on routes, ranges, or operating areas are available to and used by aircrews for flight planning.

Update low-level flight planning maps with bird-strike locations and times.

4 Ensure that an adequate supply of BASH report forms is readily available for aircrews.

5 Brief aircrews on seasonal bird hazards and strike areas. Movies, articles, and other information will be used as appropriate to maintain awareness.

Educate pilots on bird watch condition codes.

(11) Aircraft Maintenance

(a) Issues specific guidance to maintenance personnel for the reporting of all discovered bird strikes on aircraft to Quality Control and Safety.

(b) Establishes procedures for the recovery of non-fleshy bird remains (i.e., feathers) if discovered on aircraft. Even the smallest feather (down) should be forwarded along with the BASH report for identification.

(12) Transient Alert

(a) Reports bird activity to AM as workload permits.

(b) Reports evidence of bird strikes on airfield or aircraft to AM personnel.

(13) 45 Services Squadron (45 SVS)

(a) General

1 Provides a representative on the BHWG and support the Wing BASH program as appropriate.

2 Ensures agencies selling food or maintaining picnic areas: Post signs to discourage feeding birds/wildlife. Stop any feeding of wildlife when observed.

Regularly inspect, clean outside eating areas and trashcans to ensure they are not an attractant.

(b) Golf Course (45SVS/SVBG)

1 Reports large bird concentrations to Airfield Manager or designated representative.

2 Coordinates with Airfield Manager or designated representative and SEF to ensure golf course improvements are deconflicted with BASH program and do not increase bird hazard for flight operations.

3 Attends BHWG meetings when requested, or when deemed appropriate, by 45 SW/SEF or 45 SVS/CC.

(c) Aero Club (45SVS/SVBA)

1 Ensure members participate in the BASH reduction program by reporting all bird strikes within three workdays and hazardous conditions in accordance with this plan and AFI 91-204. Establish a procedure to ensure reports are forwarded to

45 SW/SEF.

2 Ensure that the current bird-watch condition code is available and briefed for each flight. Post the bird condition on a status board and inform members of any change in status.

3 Ensure that an adequate supply of BASH report forms is readily available for all members.

4 Brief members on seasonal bird hazards and strike areas. Educate pilots on bird watch condition codes.

5 Attends BHWG meetings when requested, or when deemed appropriate, by 45 SW/SEF or 45 SVS/CC.

(14) Defense Commissary Agency (DeCA/EAS-PAT). Ensure employees: Stop any feeding of birds/wildlife when observed. Regularly inspect, clean receiving docks, outside eating areas and trashcans to ensure they are not an attractant.

(15) Army Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES). Ensures agencies selling food or maintaining picnic areas: Stop any feeding of birds/wildlife when observed.

Regularly inspect, clean outside eating areas and trashcans to ensure they are not an attractant.

(16) All remaining wing/tenant personnel. Feeding birds/wildlife is prohibited on PAFB and CCAFS. Regularly inspect, clean receiving docks, outside eating areas and trashcans to ensure they are not an attractant.

4. AQDMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS

a. Concept of Logistics Support. Guidance on mapping, charting and geodesy can be referred to in Annex M.

b. Concept of Administrative Support. Annex Y details the reports required to be in accordance with AFIs 91-202 and 204.

5. COMMAND AND SIGNAL. 45 SW/CP will submit any required OPREP-3 reports IAW AFI 10-206. Instructions for the Bird Hazard Warning System can be referenced in Annex C.

THOMAS J. BOUTHILLER

Colonel, USAF Vice Commander

5 ANNEXES:

A - TASKED ORGANIZATIONS

C - OPERATIONS

M - MAPS AND CHARTS

Y - REPORTS AND FORMS

Z - DISTRIBUTION

Patrick Air Force Base FL 32925 3 April 2006

ANNEX A TO 45 SW OPLAN 91-212

TASKED ORGANIZATIONS

ORGANIZATION OFFICE SYMBOL

45 Space Wing Vice Commander 45 SW/CV Command Post 45 SW/CP Flight Safety 45 SW/SEF 45 Operations Group 45 OG/CC 45 Operations Support Squadron 45 OSS/CC Airfield Operations 45 OSS/OSA Det 1 45 OG, Antigua AS Det 1, 45 OG/CC Det 2 45 OG, Ascension AAF Det 2, 45 OG/CC 45 Weather Squadron 45 WS/DOO 45 Mission Support Group 45 MSG/CC Det 1, 45 Mission Support Group Det 1, 45 MSG/CC 45 Civil Engineering Squadron 45 CES/CC Environmental Planning 45 CES/CEVP Maintenance Engineering 45 CES/CEOE Base Pest Management Section 45 CES/CEOFI 45 Security Forces Squadron 45 SFS/CC Security Forces Operations 45 SFS/SFO 45 Services Squadron 45 SVS/CC Golf Course 45 SVS/SVBG Aero Club 45 SVS/SVBA Transient Alert 45 CONS 920 Rescue Wing 920 RQW/CC 39 Rescue Squadron 39 RQS/DO/SE 301 Rescue Squadron 301 RQS/DO/SE Joint STARS Joint Test Force OLAT ESC/JTF Director of Operations OLAT ESC/JTF/DO Department of State/Air Wing DOS/AW/CC NASA Aircraft Operations Office KSC/IM-NAO-C Defense Commissary Agency DeCA/EAS-PAT Army Air Force Exchange Service AAFES

A-1

Patrick Air Force Base FL 32925 3 April 2006

ANNEX C TO 45 SW OPLAN 91-212

OPERATIONS

References. AFI 91-202, Non-Damaging Bird Strike Reports Bird/Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) team Reports.

1. GENERAL

a. Purpose. This annex provides information on specific bird-strike hazards and recommendations for countering each hazard.

b. Mission. See basic plan.

2. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS Each 45 SW station has unique set of bird hazards, operational constraints, and regulatory requirements, which must be considered in establishing a BASH reduction effort. Patrick AFB has a well-documented historical database of bird strikes and bird activity on and around the airfield. Some commands break the year into two phases, with Phase II being the highest for bird strike potential.

Phase II at Patrick AFB and Cape Canaveral AFS is between 1 Oct and 31 Mar. The following discussion addresses Patrick AFB and Cape Canaveral AFS bird hazards and presents recommendations for reducing the hazards. Each control measure will require action by one or more tasked organizations as described in the basic plan. It is very important to know what species of bird presents a given hazard before choosing control techniques; an appropriate field guide should be used to aid bird identification.

a. Local Hazards.

(1) Gulls. Historically, gull strikes represent over 50 percent of the BASH incidents at Patrick AFB. Due to their omnivorous feeding habits and preference for flat, open areas to rest, significant concentrations may be found on the north overrun after heavy, prolonged rains during the phase II season. Gulls are most active just after sunrise and before sunset as they move to and from feeding areas. Maintenance of grass height at between 7 and 14 inches is critical in making the airfield environment unattractive to gulls. Persistent harassment using pyrotechnics and bioacoustics is necessary to discourage these birds and has been effective here. Occasionally, lethal measures have been used with mixed results. Avitrol 200 was tested here with “very good” effectiveness during the late 1960s; however, shooting members of the resting flock is also effective. The key is to not permit the flock to establish a habit of using the airfield to feed, breed, and rest. A coordinated grass height management / bioacoustic/

C-1 pyrotechnic program appears most effective in minimizing the gull hazard at Patrick

AFB.

(2) Cattle Egrets. Although cattle egrets are the most obvious bird population at Patrick AFB other than the gulls, they historically represent only 14 percent of the reported bird strikes here. However, due to their presence near the runway and their size, they present a threat of major aircraft damage. These birds are primarily insectivores; they prefer open fields especially where poor turf permits insects to be easily seen and are frequently seen following the mowers for the insects which are stirred up. Again, grass height management (7-14 inches) is most effective, along with the maintenance of a thick turf cover. Mowing must be coordinated between Civil Engineering and Airfield Management to ensure the additional egret activity does not present an additional hazard to flight operations. Periodic pesticide application may be necessary for insect control. The primary roosting area on Patrick AFB appears to be in the north end of the treeline and bushes west of the main runway; removal of roosting sites and dispersal of the flock each evening by use of pyrotechnics is also useful.

(3) Pigeons and Doves. These birds have been involved in approximately 11 percent of the strikes at Patrick AFB. These birds are seedeaters and, therefore, are attracted to seed-producing weeds, grasses, and shrubs. Open areas or bare spots in the turf are attractive as resting or feeding sites. Proper grass height management, especially mowing before the grass goes to seed, will limit the number of doves and pigeons on the field. Pyrotechnics can be used to frighten them. Organized hunts may be required; if so, extreme caution must be exercised to eliminate hazards to aircraft, hunters, and non-participants. Pigeons frequently roost in structures such as hangars and warehouses; netting, trapping, shooting, poison baiting, and toxic bird perches (e.g., Rid-a-Bird (tm)) can drastically reduce their numbers in structures. A preferred roosting area appears to be the Pineda Causeway overpass at South Patrick Drive; bird control actions there have had dramatic effects on the pigeon population all over the base.

(4) Raptors. Approximately 10 percent of the reported bird strikes at Patrick AFB involved vultures and hawks. Most of the vulture strikes occurred on low-level routes and ranges; however, a small population of kestrels exists. They are often seen perching on the VOR checkpoint signs. Control of these birds is aided by prompt removal of dead animals on the airfield, rodent control, and removal of dead trees and other perching sites.

(5) Miscellaneous Species. The above four categories account for over 85 percent of the bird strikes at Patrick AFB. However, during BASH surveys, over 70 species of birds were noted on the field. Although they have not been involved in an inordinate number of bird strikes, it is important to point out the major types.

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(a) Pelicans and Cormorants. Pelicans fly in large formations up and down the beach at 50 to 75 feet, all during the day. A large flock of cormorants is well established on the west side of the golf course drainage canal, approximately one-half mile south of the approach end of runway 02. The birds feed in the Banana River and use the golf course to dry their feathers; this pattern takes them directly through the flight path to that runway. Their great size makes any aircraft strike extremely dangerous. Pyrotechnics may be used to frighten the flock; however, this effort must be persistent and not present an additional hazard to aircraft in flight. Avoid flight at sunrise and sunset when the flock is flying to and from the feeding area. Reflective mylar or plastic tape strung in a loose grid across the canal has been demonstrated to be an effective deterrent to these birds using the canal. However, since the tape deteriorates and breaks in the wind, frequent inspection and replacements are necessary.

(b) Shorebirds. Scattered strikes involving plover, killdeer, terns, and turnstones have been reported. A large flock frequents the approach end of runway 11.

Grass height management, pyrotechnics, and bioacoustics are useful in minimizing the hazard.

(c) Herons, Egrets, Storks. These birds are frequently seen in the drainage ditches around the airfield. They feed on fish, amphibians, reptiles, and arthropods.

Control is best accomplished by eliminating the food sources. Steepening the sides of ditches and removing submergent and emergent vegetation in the ditches and culverts will drastically reduce accessibility to food sources. Pyrotechnics may be used to disperse flocks, which occur after habitat modification.

(d) Owls. Active owl nests have been noted in the treeline west of runway 02-20. Owls are nocturnal and attracted to rodents as a food source. Rodent control is necessary (indeed, the owls themselves provide a degree of this) and proper grass height management, aids this. Immediate removal of dead trees is necessary to minimize potential roosting sites.

(6) Summary. Maintenance of a “clean” airfield is the key to an effective bird control program. Proper grass height management, removal of extraneous vegetation, pest control, and removal of stumps, posts, and dead trees are effective against all types of birds, minimize flight hazards, and improve the overall appearance of the airfield.

b. En route Hazards. Locally based aircraft and crews are exposed to a variety of other bird hazards while operating outside the immediate local area, for instance on cross-country, operational, or range flights. Each Air Force base is required to have a BASH plan similar to this one, outlining the hazards in its area. However, some basic principles can be observed and incorporated into mission planning and execution to minimize potential bird strikes. Some of these principles are:

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(1) Through the Air Force Safety Center web page, obtain the Bird Avoidance Model prior to establishing/using new low-level routes or operations areas. Be sure crews know the information for their areas of operations. The web address is http://www.usahas.com/bam/.

(2) Establish procedures for informing unit operations and the applicable Air Traffic Control facility and/or FAA Flight Service Stations when significant bird hazards are noted. Flight Service Stations also track bird hazards, so crews must notify them.

(3) Avoid known concentrations of birds, such as wildlife refuges, grain fields, ponds, lakes, rivers, and known roosting areas. Caution must be exercised near ridgelines and rolling hills since raptors use the associated thermals for flight. Landfills are extremely dangerous as large concentrations of numerous species of birds can be found in the vicinity.

(4) If possible, plan missions to avoid flight during dawn and dusk since many bird species are most active moving from roosting to feeding areas and back during these times.

(5) Report birdstrike incidents to the nearest Air Force base or to 45 SW/SEF upon return.

c. Mammalian Hazards. All airfield users should watch for animals on the field and report sightings, including the development of game trails, to 45 SW/SEF or Airfield Management Operations. Rabbits, hares, and other rodents provide food for raptors.

Carcasses noted on runways, taxiways, or their immediate vicinity must be removed immediately to avoid attracting birds. Rodent control is also aided by maintaining a thick turf cover at the recommended 7-14 inch height. Other control actions will be accomplished by standard animal control measures after coordination with Airfield Management Operations.

d. Reptile Hazards. Alligators are occasionally a problem on runways and taxiways at Patrick AFB and Cape Canaveral AFS. Notify Airfield Management if alligators are sighted in the vicinity of taxiways and runways. Airfield Management will notify animal control. Report alligators to 45 CES/CEV Natural Resources Manager.

3. BIRD HAZARD WARNING SYSTEM: OPERATION BIRD WATCH

a. General. This operation establishes procedures to be used for the immediate exchange of information between ground agencies and aircrews concerning the existence and location of birds, which could pose a hazard to flight safety.

b. Bird Watch Conditions. The following terminology will be used for rapid communications to disseminate bird activity information and implement unit operational

C-4 procedures. Bird locations should be given with the condition code. Location should include relation to traffic pattern and altitude if available.

(1) Bird Watch Condition SEVERE. High bird population on or immediately above the active runway or other specific location that represents a high potential for strike. Airfield flying operations will be suspended until Airfield Management personnel disperse the birds and downgrades the condition.

(2) Bird Watch Condition MODERATE. Increased bird population in locations, which represent an increased potential for strike. This condition requires increased vigilance by all agencies and supervisors and caution by aircrews.

(3) Bird Watch Condition LOW. Normal bird activity on and above the airfield with a low probability of hazard.

c. Bird Watch Alert. In addition to the above bird watch conditions, a Bird Watch Alert may be declared by tower or Airfield Management personnel for weather, time of day, and seasonal conditions which make an influx of birds onto the airfield likely (e.g., during or after rain storms and especially when water pools around the airfield). All personnel supporting or involved in aircraft operations should be aware of the increased likelihood of bird hazards to flight safety and report bird activity to Airfield Management Operations personnel.

d. Authority. Airfield Management personnel will establish the initial bird-watch condition during the morning inspection. The tower or Airfield Management will make subsequent changes in the bird-watch condition. In the event of nonconcurrence, the tower watch supervisor will coordinate with the Airfield Manager or designated representative before making a final decision. Report alligators to 45 CES/CEV Natural Resources Manager. At 45 SW Down Range Stations, the Station Commander or his/her designated representative is the declaring authority for bird-watch conditions at their station.

e. Communications. Bird-Watch condition codes will be disseminated by the following means:

(1) During airfield operating hours, bird-watch conditions other than LOW at Patrick AFB will be transmitted on the ATIS (Automated Terminal Information System).

When Airfield Management Operations or Tower personnel declare a bird-watch condition, they will notify Weather, Command Post, RAPCON, 45 SW Flight Safety, and all tenant flying units. They will post the bird-watch condition in the flight planning room for transient aircrew personnel and will ensure transient aircrews are briefed on moderate or severe bird hazard conditions. The bird-watch condition will be transmitted over the AWDS (Automated Weather Distribution System).

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(2) Note that primary means of transmitting bird-watch conditions to pilots will be via the ATIS and the AWDS. However, under bird-watch condition SEVERE, Patrick Air Traffic Control personnel will ensure that pilots have received and understand the condition and are provided the option to delay, divert until the hazard has been reduced to at least bird-watch condition MODERATE.

(3) At 45 SW Range Stations, Station Commanders will develop procedures to ensure bird-watch conditions are transmitted to US and allied aircrews transiting through or staging at 45 SW stations. These procedures will be included in the corresponding annex to the station’s BASH plan.

(4) During bird-watch condition MODERATE, a re-evaluation will be as a minimum every hour. The re-evaluations will be made by Airfield Management and use inputs from the various agencies available. If needed, an airfield inspection will be accomplished. Under bird-watch condition SEVERE, Airfield Management personnel will employ all available means in an attempt to decrease the bird-watch condition to

MODERATE.

f. Aircrew Responsibilities and Procedures.

(1) If an aircrew observes or encounters any bird activity while in flight which would constitute a hazard, they should contact the appropriate Air Traffic Control Agency or the 45 SW Command Post on AF Form 853. Command Post controllers will record the information on AF Form 853 and fax completed forms to Airfield Management Operations and Ground Safety.

(2) Supervisors will impose these restrictions based upon the bird-watch conditions and the location.

(a) Condition SEVERE: Airfield flying operations will be suspended until birds are dispersed and the condition is downgraded to moderate or low.

(b) Condition MODERATE: Touch and go’s will be limited to the minimum required for training. Low approaches will be limited to only those required for training.

Pilots will be particularly aware of bird activity when on final approach and will initiate a go-around immediately if a bird strike is imminent.

(c) Condition LOW: Continue with normal operating procedures.

(3) Report all bird strikes on a BASH (AF Form 853) report within 3 working days of occurrence.

g. Procedures for Command Post. If a bird activity report is received from an airborne aircraft, pass on to AM or if unable to, then 45 SW Flight Safety.

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h. Downgrading. Once a bird-watch condition or bird-watch alert, has been declared, it will remain in effect until revalidated and downgraded by appropriate personnel.

I. Airfield Management Procedures.

(1) Airfield Management will maintain and use bioacoustic devices and/or pyrotechnics to keep birds from loafing in the vicinity of the airfield to include runways, overruns, taxiways, and ramps. An Airfield Management representative will respond immediately to disperse birds when bird-watch condition MODERATE or SEVERE is declared. Extreme care must be taken to drive birds away from the path of oncoming aircraft rather than toward them.

(2) During normal airfield…