SD.I.10061-M-1_Appendix_Q.pdf

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Appendix Q

SD.I.10061-M-1

Machinery and Tools

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Purpose……………………………………………………………………. Q-1

2. Scope…………………………………………………………………...…. Q-2

3. Roles and Responsibilities………………………………………………. Q-2

4. General Machine Guarding Requirements…………………………….. Q-2

5. General Requirements for Hand and Power Tools…………………… Q-4

6. Requirements for Specific Types of Machinery and Tools…………... Q-5 A. Airless Spray Guns……………………………………………………. Q-5 B. Boilers and Unfired Pressure Vessels………………………………. Q-6 C. Compressors…………………………………………………………… Q-7 D. Gas Cylinders………………………………………………………….. Q-8 E. Grinding Tools…………………………………………………………. Q-9 F. Hand Tools……………………………………………………………... Q-11 G. Hand Powered Winches and Hoists………………………………… Q-11 H. Hydraulic-Powered Tools…………………………………………….. Q-12 I. Lever and Ratchet, Screw and Hydraulic Jacks…………………… Q-12 J. Mowers…………………………………………………………………. Q-14 K. Portable Belt Sanding Machines…………………………………….. Q-17 L. Power-Actuated Tools………………………………………………… Q-17 M. Power Saws……………………………………………………………. Q-19 N. Pneumatic Tools………………………………………………………. Q-20 O. Woodworking Tools…………………………………………………… Q-21

7. Supersession……………………………………………………………… Q-22

8. Effective Date……………………………………………………………... Q-22

9. Definitions…………………………………………………………………. Q-22

10. References………………………………………………………………... Q-23

1. Purpose. The purpose of USIBWC Safety Requirements for Machinery and Tools is to protect USIBWC employees from the safety and occupational health hazards during activities involving machinery and tools.

This program sets forth the requirements for using machinery and power tools. This program is meant to meet the relevant requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations as well as relevant requirements from CAL- OSHA and the Army Corp of Engineers Safety Manual EM 385-1-1 (2008).

2. Scope. This program applies to all machinery and tools used and operated by USIBWC employees.

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3. Roles and Responsibilities.

A. Area Operations Manager (AOM)

• Responsible for the safe condition and usage machinery and tools on their site.

B. USIBWC Safety and Occupational Health Manager (SOHM)

• Develops and maintain written safety requirements for machinery and tools.

• Provides a periodic audit of this program

C. Machine Operators and Users of Tools

• Only operate equipment if authorized

• Inspect equipment before use.

• Report discrepancies

• Follow procedures as indicated, including use of protective equipment.

• Are familiar with this program

4. General Machine Guarding Requirements

A. Types of guarding. The AOM shall ensure that one or more methods of machine guarding are provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks. Examples of guarding methods are:

• barrier guards,

• two-hand tripping devices,

• electronic safety devices, etc.

B. General requirements for machine guards. Guards shall be affixed to the machine where possible and secured elsewhere if for any reason attachment to the machine is not possible. The guard shall be such that it does not offer an accident hazard in itself.

C. Point of operation guarding.

(1) Point of operation is the area on a machine where work is actually performed upon the material being processed.

(2) The point of operation of machines whose operation exposes an employee to injury, shall be guarded. The guarding device shall be in conformity with any appropriate standards therefore, or, in the absence of applicable specific standards, shall be so

Q-3 designed and constructed as to prevent the operator from having any part of his body in the danger zone during the operating cycle.

(3) Special hand tools for placing and removing material shall be such as to permit easy handling of material without the operator placing a hand in the danger zone. Such tools shall not be in lieu of other guarding required by OSHA Regulations, but can only be used to supplement protection provided. The following are some of the machines which usually require point of operation guarding:

• Guillotine cutters.

• Shears.

• Alligator shears.

• Power presses.

• Milling machines.

• Power saws.

• Jointers.

• Portable power tools.

• Forming rolls and calenders.

D. Barrels, containers, and drums. Revolving drums, barrels, and containers shall be guarded by an enclosure which is interlocked with the drive mechanism, so that the barrel, drum, or container cannot revolve unless the guard enclosure is in place.

E. Exposure of blades. When the periphery of the blades of a fan is less than seven

(7) feet above the floor or working level, the blades shall be guarded. The guard shall have openings no larger than one-half (1/2) inch.

F. Anchoring fixed machinery. Machines designed for a fixed location shall be securely anchored to prevent walking or moving.

5. General Requirements for Hand and Power Tools.

A. Maintenance. Maintain hand tools, power tools, and jacks in safe operating condition. Immediately remove damaged and defective tools from service and repair or replace them.

B. Proper Use. Use tools only for their designed purpose. Do not use electrical cords, air hoses, and hydraulic hoses to raise or lower tools.

C. Storage. Do not leave tools on scaffolds or elevated work spaces. Provide containers on the jobsite for hand tools.

D. Guarding. If a tool accommodates guards, operate the tool with the guards in place. Safeguard moving part hazards as set forth in the current edition of the American National Standards Institute/American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ANSI/ASME) B15.1, Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus.

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E. Point of Operation Guarding. Point of operation is the area on a machine where work is actually performed. Provide guards at the point of operation on machines that expose the operator to injury. The guards must meet all applicable specific standards. If no standards exist, the guards must prevent the operator from having any body part in the danger zone during the operating cycle.

F. Grounding. Double insulate or effectively ground electric tools.

G. Switches. On-off switches controlling the operation of hand-held power tools must conform to the following requirements:

(1) Equip hand-held power platen sanders, grinders with 2-inch or less diameter wheels, routers, planers, laminate trimmers, nibblers, shears, scroll saws, jigsaws with blade shanks 0.25 inch wide or less, concrete vibrators, and power tampers with only positive on-off switch.

(2) Equip hand-held power drills, tappers, fastener drivers, horizontal, vertical, and angle grinders with wheels more than 2 inches in diameter, disk sanders, belt sanders, reciprocating saws, and similar tools with a momentary contact "on-off" control. These may have a lock-on control if the operator can shut off the power with a single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on and if the switch is adequately guarded to prevent accidental operation.

(3) Equip jackhammers and similar pneumatic-powered hand tools and other hand-held power tools, including chain saws, circular saws, and percussion tools, with a constant pressure switch that shuts off power when pressure is released.

H. Personal Protective Equipment. Provide hand tool and power tool operators with personal protective equipment and ensure its use in accordance with USIBWC Safety Requirements for Personal Protective Equipment.

I. Hazardous Conditions.

(1) Use only non-sparking or intrinsically safe tools where sources of ignition may cause an explosion or fire.

(2) Do not use gasoline-powered tools underground, in buildings, or in partially enclosed locations where toxic exhaust gases can accumulate.

(3) Place gasoline powered portable compressors, generators, and pressure washers outdoors and away from air intakes to prevent drawing engine exhaust indoors.

6. Requirements for Specific Types of Machinery and Tools.

A. Airless Spray Guns. Equip airless spray guns that atomize fluids at pressures of

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1,000 pounds per square inch or greater with one of the following safety systems to prevent accidental fluid injection into the operator:

• Automatic or Visible Manual Safety Device. The safety device must prevent pulling of the trigger to release the paint or fluid until the operator manually releases the safety device.

• Diffuser Nut and Nozzle Guard. The diffuser nut must prevent high pressure high-velocity release when the nozzle tip is removed. The nozzle tip guard must prevent the tip from contacting the operator.

• Other Equivalent Protection. Any system that provides an equivalent level of protection as above is acceptable.

B. Boilers and Unfired Pressure Vessels.

(1) General Requirements for Boilers and Unfired Pressure Vessels

(a) Applicable Codes and Regulations. Design, construct, install, test, and maintain boilers and unfired pressure vessels according to all of the following:

• The current ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

• The current National Board Inspection Code, ANSI/NB 23

• The current codes or regulations of the State

(b) Inspection and Testing.

(i) Inspect and test boilers and unfired pressure vessels before placing them in service and after any alteration or major repair.

(ii) Perform subsequent inspections within 24 months for the first inspection, followed by inspections no more than 60 months apart (providing deterioration is shown to be low and at a predictable rate).

(iii) When any part of a vessel rapidly deteriorates, the interval between inspection and testing must be according to the National Board Inspection Code or every 24 months, whichever is less.

(iv) Make hydrostatic or State acceptable tests when the qualified person performing the inspection recommends them.

(c) Inspector Qualifications. To perform inspections, use qualified personnel who meet Federal or State certification requirements or personnel who satisfy the "Owner- User Inspector" education and experience of the National Board Inspection Code, issued by the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors.

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(d) Posting Reports. Post a copy of the inspector's approval or certification reports near or on the boiler or unfired pressure vessel.

(2) Requirements for Unfired Pressure Vessels.

(a) Installation. Install pressure vessels so that all drains, handholes, and manholes are easily accessible. Do not bury them underground or locate them in inaccessible places. Locate pressure vessels used to store compressed air in a cool place to facilitate condensation of moisture and oil vapors.

(b) Drain Valves. Install a readily accessible drain valve on the lowest point of every air receiver to remove accumulations of oil and water. Operate the valve as recommended by the manufacturer or as determined by experience to remove accumulations of oil and water.

(c) Piping. Install piping with traps or other effective means of removing liquid from the lines. Properly design and install air discharge piping to eliminate possible oil pockets.

(d) Stop Valves. Install a stop valve between the receiver and each piece of stationary utilization equipment and also at each outlet to which an airhose may be attached.

(e) Hose Connections. Hose connections must withstand the pressure and service to which they are subjected.

(f) Safety Relief Valves. Equip each pressure vessel with a readily visible indicating pressure gauge and with one or more spring-loaded safety relief valves. The total relieving capacity of such safety relief valves must prevent pressure in the receiver from exceeding the maximum allowable working pressure of the receiver by more than 10%.

C. Compressors.

(1) Air Intake. The design and location of compressor intakes must prevent any flammable or toxic gas, vapor, or dust from being drawn into the compressor. Never install a valve in the air intake pipe to an air compressor with an atmospheric intake.

(2) Governors. Install a speed governor, independent of the unloaders, on all compressors except those driven by electric synchronous motors. Equip engine- or turbine-driven compressors with an auxiliary control to the governor to prevent racing when the unloader operates.

(3) Limit and Bypass. Every air compressor must automatically stop compressing before the discharge pressure exceeds the maximum allowable working pressure of the

Q-7 weakest portion of the system. The design and installation of electrical contacts must prevent locking or fusing in a position that would permit the compressor to continue compressing when the allowable pressure is exceeded. As a substitute, install an air bypass and alarm for the automatic stop system.

(4) Safety Relief Valves. Equip each stage of a multistage compressor with a safety relief valve.

(5) Discharge Piping. The diameter of air discharge piping between the compressor and the receiver must be at least as large as the discharge opening on the compressor.

If you install a stop valve between the compressor and the receiver, install spring-loaded safety valves between the stop valve and the compressor. The total capacity of the safety valves must be sufficient to limit pressures in the air discharge piping to less than 10 percent or 3 pounds per square inch, whichever is greater, above the working pressure of the piping.

D. Gas Cylinders. Construct, inspect, and test compressed gas cylinders in accordance with Department of Transportation requirements.

(1) Cylinder Storage. Onsite storage of gas cylinders must conform to the following requirements:

(a) Separation.

(i) Store cylinders containing the same gas in segregated groups. Do not intermingle with other gas cylinders. Store empty gas cylinders in the same manner.

(ii) Protect cylinders from damage or tipping by chains or other security means.

(b) Confined Spaces. Store cylinders in well-ventilated spaces. Do not store or take cylinders containing oxygen, acetylene, or fuel gases into confined spaces.

(c) Flammable or Combustible Material. Separate cylinders in storage from flammable or combustible material by at least 20 feet or by a fire-resistive partition of at least 1-hour fire-resistive rating and at least 5 feet high.

(d) Oxidizing Gases. Separate cylinders containing oxygen or oxidizing gases from fuel gas cylinders by at least 20 feet or by a fire-resistive partition of at least 1-hour fire-resistive rating and at least 5 feet high.

(e) Smoking Restrictions. Do not permit smoking or open flame where cylinders are stored. Post the area with "DANGER—NO SMOKING OR OPEN FLAME" signs.

(f) Toxic Gas. Post areas containing toxic gas in storage with signs warning of the danger.

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(2) Upright Position. Secure compressed gas cylinders in an upright position at all times except when hoisting them or using them in special services or arrangements approved in writing by the manufacturer or gas supplier.

(3) Cylinder Valves. Close cylinder valves when cylinders are in storage, in transit, or not in use.

(4) Valve Caps.

(a) Ensure cylinder valve caps are securely in place when they are in storage, in transit, and at all times when the regulator is disconnected from the cylinder.

(b) Cylinders may be moved secured on specialty trucks within a jobsite without removing the regulators when you adequately protect the regulators and cylinder valves.

(5) Transporting. Transport compressed gas cylinders by crane, hoist, or derrick in cradles, nets, or skips. Never transport them by slings, chains, or magnets.

(6) Valve Wrenches. The valve wrench or wheel must be in the operating position when the cylinder is in use.

(7) Restricted Use. Use cylinders only for the designated purpose of containing a specific compressed gas for which they were designed. Only authorized entities may refill them.

(8) Handling.

(a) Handle cylinders in a manner that will not weaken or damage the cylinder or valve.

(b) Do not expose cylinders to extremes of temperature, physical damage, or electrical current.

(9) Oxygen.

(a) Keep oxygen cylinders and fittings free of oil or grease and do not handle them with oily hands or gloves.

(b) Do not direct oxygen at oily surfaces, greasy cloths, or into a container, storage tank, or vessel.

(c) Do not use oxygen or other compressed gases as a substitute for compressed air.

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(10) Defective Cylinders.

(a) Move leaking cylinders to an isolated location out of doors, away from personnel and sources of ignition. Then, open the valve, allowing the gas to escape slowly. Tag the cylinder "DEFECTIVE" and return it to the supplier.

(b) Only qualified personnel, protected by appropriate personal protective equipment, may handle leaking cylinders containing toxic gas.

E. Grinding Tools.

(1) General. Installing, guarding, using, and caring for grinding tools must comply with the standards set forth in the current standard ANSI B7.1, The Use, Care and Protection of Abrasive Wheels and manufacturer's instructions. Use grinding tools only if the safety guards and protective flanges are installed and properly adjusted.

(2) Power Supply. Supply all grinding machines with sufficient power to maintain the spindle speed at safe levels under all conditions of normal operation.

(3) Guarding. Safety guards must cover the spindle end, nut, and flange projections.

Mount guards to maintain proper alignment with the wheel. Where the work provides a suitable measure of protection to the worker, the safety guards may expose the spindle end, nut, and outer flange. Where the work entirely covers the side of the wheel, the side covers of the guard may be omitted. The spindle end, nut, and outer flange may be exposed on portable saws.

(4) Abrasive Wheels. Do not operate abrasive wheels faster than their rated safe speed. Inspect wheels according to manufacturer's instructions before mounting and, periodically, to ensure the abrasive wheel is not cracked or otherwise defective.

Remove cracked or defective abrasive wheels from service immediately and destroy them.

(5) Grinding Wheels. Grinding wheels must fit freely on the spindle. Do not force them on. Tighten the spindle nut only enough to hold the wheel in place.

(6) Bench and Pedestal Grinders.

(a) Provide bench-mounted and pedestal grinders with safety guards that are strong enough to withstand the effect of a bursting wheel.

(b) The guard must not expose more than 90 degrees of the grinding wheel periphery and sides. However, if the work must contact the wheel below the horizontal plane of the spindle, the angular exposure must not exceed 125 degrees.

(c) The guard must have a readily adjustable tool-rest that is maintained within one-eighth inch of the wheel and an adjustable tongue maintained within one-fourth inch

Q-10 of the periphery of the wheel to prevent injury to the operator by containing the wheel failure inside the housing.

(7) Cup-Shaped Wheels. Protect cup-shaped wheels used for external grinding by either a revolving cup guard or a band guard.

(8) Special Conditions

(a) Safety Flanges.

(i) Use a wheel equipped with safety flanges when work location prevents the use of guarding.

(ii) Use only safety flanges with wheels designed to fit the flanges.

(iii) Use only safety flanges of a type and design and properly assembled so as to ensure that the pieces of the wheel will be retained in case of accidental breakage.

(b) Small Diameter Wheels. Wheels 2 inches or less in diameter that are securely mounted on the end of a steel mandrel do not require guards.

(c) Internal Grinding. Guarding is not required if a grinding wheel is entirely within the work being ground while in use.

(9) Side Grinding. Do not permit side grinding unless the abrasive wheel is specifically designed for this purpose.

F. Hand Tools. Hand tools must be inspected periodically, maintained in a safe condition, and replaced and removed from service when worn, defective, broken, or cracked.

(1) Wrenches. Do not use wrenches, including adjustable, pipe, and socket wrenches, when jaws are sprung to the point that slipping occurs.

(2) Wood Handles. Keep the wooden handles of tools free of splinters or cracks, and keep tool handles tight.

(3) Impact Tools. Keep impact tools, including drift pins, wedges, and chisels, in a dressed condition or equipped with non-mushrooming heads.

G. Hand-Powered Winches and Hoists

(1) Capacity. Use hand-powered winches and hoists within the manufacturer's rated capacity, and legibly mark the capacity on the winch or hoist.

(2) Worm Gear Drives. Hand-powered hoists must have worm gear drives or with

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(3) Handwheels. Handwheels must not have projecting spokes or knobs.

(4) Come-Alongs

(a) Legibly mark the manufacturer's rated capacity on all come-alongs.

(b) Do not exceed the rated capacity.

(c) Remove come-alongs from service when they have worn or kinked cables or links, deformed hooks, or defective ratcheting devices.

(d) Take care not to overstress structures or structure supporting systems when using come-alongs for leveling, plumbing, or positioning structures.

H. Hydraulic-Powered Tools.

(1) Safe Operating Pressures. Adhere to the manufacturer's safe operating pressure for hoses, valves, pipes, filters, and fittings.

(2) Hydraulic Fluid. Ensure fluid in hydraulic-powered tools is fire resistant and approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.

(3) Stationary Hydraulic-Powered Presses. Presses must have guards that adequately contain flying particles forcibly expelled from the compressed material.

I. Lever and Ratchet, Screw, and Hydraulic Jacks

(1) Labeling. The rated load shall be legibly and permanently marked in a prominent location on the jack by casting, stamping, or other suitable means.

(2) Before Use.

(a) The operator shall make sure that the jack used has a rating sufficient to lift and sustain the load.

(b) The operator must visually examine the general condition of the jack before each use. Table P-1 contains the minimum items to be inspected.

(c) The operator shall ensure that the base of the jack is on a firm foundation or blocked before lifting the load.

(3) Lifting the Load.

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(a) After the load has been raised, it shall be cribbed, blocked, or otherwise secured at once.

(b) In the absence of a firm foundation, the base of the jack shall be blocked. If there is a possibility of slippage of the cap, a block shall be placed in between the cap and the load.

(c) The operator shall watch the stop indicator, which shall be kept clean, in order to determine the limit of travel. The indicated limit shall not be overrun.

(4) Maintenance.

(a) Hydraulic jacks exposed to freezing temperatures shall be supplied with an adequate antifreeze liquid.

(b) All jacks shall be properly lubricated at regular intervals according to manufacturer’s instructions.

TABLE P-1 JACK INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS

Inspection Item

Operator’s Visual Inspection

Periodic Inspection

Check all of the following items that apply to the jack:

• Improper pawl engagement.

• Excessive pawl wear.

• Chipped, cracked, or worn rack teeth.

• Cracked or damaged housing.

• Damaged, bent, or worn threads.

• Leaking hydraulic fluid.

• Scored or damaged plunger.

• Improper functioning.

• Free movement of swivel, heads, and caps.

• Loose bolts or rivets.

• Damaged or improperly assembled accessory equipment.

• Rack wear or bending.

• Other items as specified in the manufacturer’s instructions.

Watch the jack during operation.

X X

More detailed inspection required if a designated person determines any condition discovered is a hazard.

X

Clean and check internal parts for wear or damage if inspection indicates an internal problem.

X

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(5) Periodic Inspection.

(a) Each jack shall be thoroughly inspected at times which depend upon the service conditions. Inspections shall be not less frequent than the following:

(i) For constant or intermittent use at one locality, once every 6 months,

(ii) For jacks sent out of shop for special work, when sent out and when returned,

(iii) For a jack subjected to abnormal load or shock, immediately before and immediately thereafter.

(b) Table P-1 contains the minimum items to be inspected during a periodic inspection.

(c) Repair or replacement parts shall be examined for possible defects.

(d) Jacks which are out of order shall be tagged accordingly, and shall not be used until repairs are made.

J. Mowers.

(1) General requirements.

(a) Power lawnmowers of the walk-behind, riding-rotary, and reel power lawnmowers shall be guarded in accordance with the machine guarding requirements in 29 CFR 1910.212, General requirements for all machines.

(b) All power-driven chains, belts, and gears shall be so positioned or otherwise guarded to prevent the operator's accidental contact therewith, during normal starting, mounting, and operation of the machine.

(c) A shutoff device shall be provided to stop operation of the motor or engine. This device shall require manual and intentional reactivation to restart the motor or engine.

(d) All positions of the operating controls shall be clearly identified.

(e) The words, "Caution. Be sure the operating control(s) is in neutral before starting the engine," or similar wording shall be clearly visible at an engine starting control point on self-propelled mowers.

(2) Walk-behind and riding rotary mowers.

(a) The mower blade shall be enclosed except on the bottom and the enclosure shall extend to or below the lowest cutting point of the blade in the lowest blade position.

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(b) Guards which must be removed to install a catcher assembly shall comply with the following:

• Warning instructions shall be affixed to the mower near the opening stating that the mower shall not be used without either the catcher assembly or the guard in place.

• The catcher assembly or the guard shall be shipped and sold as part of the mower.

(c) The instruction manual shall state that the mower shall not be used without either the catcher assembly or the guard in place.

(d) The catcher assembly, when properly and completely installed, shall not create a condition which violates the limits given for the guarded opening.

(e) Openings in the blade enclosure, intended for the discharge of grass, shall be limited to a maximum vertical angle of the opening of 30 deg. Measurements shall be taken from the lowest blade position.

(f) The total effective opening area of the grass discharge opening(s) shall not exceed 1,000 square degrees on units having a width of cut less than 27 1/2 inches, or 2,000 square degrees on units having a width of cut 27 1/2 inches or over.

(g) The word "Caution." or stronger wording, shall be placed on the mower at or near each discharge opening.

(h) Blade(s) shall stop rotating from the manufacturer's specified maximum speed within 15 seconds after declutching, or shutting off power.

(i) In a multipiece blade, the means of fastening the cutting members to the body of the blade or disc shall be so designed that they will not become worn to a hazardous condition before the cutting members themselves are worn beyond use.

(j) The maximum tip speed of any blade shall be 19,000 feet per minute.

(3) Walk-behind rotary mowers.

(a) The horizontal angle of the opening(s) in the blade enclosure, intended for the discharge of grass, shall not contact the operator area.

(b) There shall be one of the following at all openings in the blade enclosure intended for the discharge of grass:

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• A minimum unobstructed horizontal distance of 3 inches from the end of the discharge chute to the blade tip circle.

• A rigid bar fastened across the discharge opening, secured to prevent removal without the use of tools. The bottom of the bar shall be no higher than the bottom edge of the blade enclosure.

(c) The highest point(s) of the front of the blade enclosure, except discharge openings, shall be such that any line extending a maximum of 15 deg. downward from the horizontal toward the blade shaft axis (axes) shall not intersect the horizontal plane within the blade tip circle. The highest point(s) on the blade enclosure front, except discharge-openings, shall not exceed 1 1/4 inches above the lowest cutting point of the blade in the lowest blade position. Mowers with a swing-over handle are to be considered as having no front in the blade enclosure and therefore shall comply with OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1910.243(e)(2)(i).

(d) The mower handle shall be fastened to the mower so as to prevent loss of control by unintentional uncoupling while in operation.

(e) A positive up-stop or latch shall be provided for the mower handle in the normal operating position(s). The up-stop shall not be subject to unintentional disengagement during normal operation of the mower. The up-stop or latch shall not allow the center or the handle grips to come closer than 17 inches horizontally behind the closest path of the mower blade(s) unless manually disengaged.

(f) A swing-over handle, which complies with the above requirements, will be permitted.

(g) Wheel drive disengaging controls, except deadman controls, shall move opposite to the direction of the vehicle motion in order to disengage the drive. Deadman controls shall automatically interrupt power to a drive when the operator's actuating force is removed, and may operate in any direction to disengage the drive.

(4) Riding rotary mowers.

(a) The highest point(s) of all openings in the blade enclosure, front shall be limited by a vertical angle of opening of 15 deg. and a maximum distance of 1 1/4 inches above the lowest cutting point of the blade in the lowest blade position.

(b) Opening(s) shall be placed so that grass or debris will not discharge directly toward any part of an operator seated in a normal operator position.

(c) There shall be one of the following at all openings in the blade enclosure intended for the discharge of grass:

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• A minimum unobstructed horizontal distance of 6 inches from the end of the discharge chute to the blade tip circle.

• A rigid bar fastened across the discharge opening, secured to prevent removal without the use of tools. The bottom of the bar shall be no higher than the bottom edge of the blade enclosure.

(d) Mowers shall be provided with stops to prevent jackknifing or locking of the steering mechanism.

(e) Vehicle stopping means shall be provided.

(f) Hand-operated wheel drive disengaging controls shall move opposite to the direction of vehicle motion in order to disengage the drive. Foot-operated wheel drive disengaging controls shall be depressed to disengage the drive. Deadman controls, both hand and foot operated, shall automatically interrupt power to a drive when the operator's actuating force is removed, and may operate in any direction to disengage the drive.

K. Portable Belt Sanding Machines.

(1) Provide belt sanding machines with guards at each nip point where the sanding belt runs onto a roller. These guards must prevent the operator’s hands or fingers from coming in contact with the nip points.

(2) Guard the unused run of the sanding belt against accidental contact.

L. Powder-Actuated Tools.

Design, maintain, and use powder-actuated tools in accordance with the standards set forth in the current edition of ANSI A10.3, Safety Requirements for Powder- Actuated Fastening Systems; the tool manufacturer’s instructions; and the requirements of this subsection. This section covers three types of tools: high velocity, low-velocity piston, and hammer-operated piston—low-velocity.

(1) Operator Qualification. Allow only employees trained and certified in the safe use of powder-actuated tools to operate and service them. Operators must possess an operator's card issued by a firm or person authorized to issue such cards.

(2) Unauthorized Use. Take safeguards to prevent unauthorized persons from possessing or using these tools and their charges.

(3) Flammable Atmospheres. Do not use powder-actuated tools in explosive or flammable atmospheres.

(4) Studs and Fasteners. Use only the powder charges, studs, or fasteners specified

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(5) Safety Features.

(a) All Tools. All powder-actuated tools must have the following safety features:

(i) The firing mechanism design must prevent the tool from firing during loading or preparation to fire or if it is dropped while loaded.

(ii) Firing of the tool must depend on at least two separate and distinct operations of the operator. The final firing movement must be separate from the movement to bring the tool into the firing position.

(iii) The tool design must allow all breeching parts to be reasonably visible to allow a check for any foreign matter that may be present.

(iv) The tool design must allow the operator to select a power level adequate to perform the desired work without excessive force.

(b) High-Velocity Tools. High-velocity tools must have the following features in addition to the common features listed above.

(i) The muzzle end of the tool must have a protective shield or guard at least 3-½ inches in diameter, mounted perpendicular to and concentric with the barrel, and designed to confine any flying fragments or particles that might otherwise create a hazard at the time of firing.

(ii) The tool design must not allow firing unless the guarding or shielding device is in place.

(iii) The tool design must not allow operation unless the operator is holding the tool against the work surface with a force at least 5 pounds greater than the total weight of the tool.

(iv) The tool design must not allow operation when equipped with the standard guard indexed to the center position if any bearing surface of the guard is tilted more than 8 degrees from contact with the work surface.

(c) Low-Velocity Piston. Low-velocity-piston tools must have the following features in addition to the common features listed in the subparagraph on safety features.

(i) The muzzle end of the tool design must allow mounting, perpendicular to the barrel, suitable protective shields, guards, jigs, or fixtures, designed and built by the manufacturer. Supply a standard spall shield with each tool. Choose and use the proper shields, guards, jigs or fixtures in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

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(ii) The tool design must not allow operation unless the operator is holding the tool against the work surface with a force at least 5 pounds greater than the total weight of the tool.

(d) Hammer-Operated Piston Tools - Low Velocity. In addition to the common safety features, hammer operated tools must have suitable protective shields, guards, jigs, or fixtures, designed and built by the tool manufacturer, that can be mounted perpendicular to the barrel. Supply a standard spall shield with each tool. Choose and use the proper shields, guards, jigs, or fixtures according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

(6) Materials. Drive fasteners into soft or easily penetrated material only if the material is backed to prevent complete penetration. Do not use tools on very hard or brittle materials such as cast iron, glazed tile, surface-hardened steel, glass block, live rock, face brick, or hollow tile. Never drive a fastener into a spalled area caused by an unsatisfactory fastening.

(7) Safe Use. Load tools just before firing. Always attend loaded tools. Never point a tool at anyone. Keep all body parts clear of the muzzle.

(8) Inspection and Testing. Inspect and test tools each day before loading to ensure that the safety devices are in proper working order. Conduct the inspection in accordance with the manufacturer's recommended inspection procedures.

(9) High-Velocity Tools. Use high-velocity tools only for those applications in which low-velocity tools will not meet the job requirements.

M. Power Saws.

(1) Circular Saws.

(a) Equip bench saws with spreaders, anti-kickback devices, and guards that automatically enclose the exposed cutting edges.

(b) Equip portable hand-held circular saws with guards above and below the baseplate or shoe.

(c) The upper guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to permit tilting the base for bevel cuts.

(d) The lower guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work. As the blade is withdrawn, the lower guard must automatically and instantly return to the covering position.

(2) Operating Speeds.

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(a) Permanently mark the operating speed on all circular saws that are more than 20 inches in diameter or that operate at speeds of more than 10,000 peripheral feet per minute.

(b) Use only blades designed for use at the marked operating speed.

(c) When the saw is retensioned for a different speed, change the marking to indicate the new speed.

(3) Radial Arm Saws. Equip radial arm saws and swing cutoff saws with:

• Limit stops that prevent the leading edge of the blade from traveling beyond the edge of the table,

• Hoods or guards that protect the operator from flying material, direct the sawdust toward the back of the blade, and enclose all parts of the blade not in contact with the material being cut, and

• Automatic brakes or automatic return devices. Install non-kickback fingers or dogs and a spreader when ripping.

(4) Bandsaws. Fully enclose bandsaw blades except at the point of operation. Adjust the adjustable guide within one-half inch of the work.

(5) Unattended. Never leave running power saws unattended.

(6) Sawdust Collectors. Equip bench-type circular saws and radial saws used for production work with sawdust collectors.

(7) Cleanup. Clean up scrap and sawdust. Clean up the shop area as needed to maintain safe working conditions and at the end of each shift.

(8) Defective Blades. Remove cracked, bent, or otherwise defective blades from service and destroy them.

N. Pneumatic Tools.

(1) Impact Tools. Operate pneumatic impact tools with safety clips or retainers installed to prevent accidental discharge from the chuck.

(2) Air Hoses. For air lines more than one-half inch inside diameter, provide whip-check devices attached to the hose at each connection or splice. As a substitute, provide a safety device at the source of supply or branch line that will automatically reduce pressure in case of a line failure if the device effectively prevents whipping.

(3) Operating Pressures. Do not exceed the manufacturer's safe operating pressure for hoses, pipes, valves, and fittings. Remove defective hoses, valves, and fittings from

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(4) Compressed Air Used for Cleaning. Never direct compressed air at any part of the body. Use compressed air for cleaning purposes only if the pressure is less than 30 pounds per square inch, and then only with effective chip guarding and personal protective equipment. The 30-pound-per-squareinch requirement does not apply to sandblasting, green cutting, removing mill scale, cleaning concrete forms, and similar cleaning operations.

(5) Care of Air Hoses. Protect pneumatic hoses from physical damage while they are in use and in storage.

(6) Nailers and Staplers. Pneumatic nailers, staplers, and similar equipment with an automatic fastener feed that operates at more than 100 pounds per square inch must have a single-action trigger and a safety device on the muzzle to prevent the ejection of the fasteners unless the muzzle is in contact with the work surface.

O. Woodworking Tools.

(1) Requirement. Installing, guarding, using, and caring for power operated woodworking tools must comply with the standards set forth in OSHA regulation 29 CFR Part 1910.213, Woodworking Machinery Requirements.

(2) Switches.

(a) Locate switches so the operator is able to shut off the power without leaving the operating position.

(b) Provide fixed power-driven tools with a disconnect switch that can be locked in the off position.

(3) Automatic Feed.

(a) Whenever the nature of the work permits, install automatic feeding devices on fixed, power-driven woodworking tools.

(b) Feeder attachments must have the feed rolls and other moving parts guarded to protect the operator.

(4) Electrical Equipment. When automatic restarting would create a hazard, control electrically driven equipment with a device to prevent automatic restarting following a power failure.

(5) Push Sticks. Use a push stick, block, or similar safe means for all operations close to high- speed cutting edges.

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(6) Combs. Provide combs (featherboards) or suitable jigs when standard guards cannot be used.

(7) Planers and Joiners. Equip planers and joiners with cylindrical cutting heads and fully guard them.

(8) Cleanup.

(a) Keep work areas clean.

(b) Provide a brush or vacuum system near each machine to remove sawdust, chips, and shavings.

7. Supersession. This program supersedes Volume IV, Chapter 701-091 dated September 1, 2000, Pressure Safety.

8. Effective Date. The provisions of this program are effective upon the date of issuance.

9. Definitions.

A. Abrasive wheel. A cutting tool consisting of abrasive grains held together by organic or inorganic bonds. Diamond and reinforced wheels are included.

(1) Organic wheels means wheels which are bonded by means of an organic material such as resin, rubber, shellac, or other similar bonding agent.

(2) Inorganic wheels means wheels which are bonded by means of inorganic material such as clay, glass, porcelain, sodium silicate, magnesium oxychloride, or metal. Wheels bonded with clay, glass, porcelain or related ceramic materials are characterized as "vitrified bonded wheels."

B. Device. A press control or attachment that:

• Restrains the operator from inadvertently reaching into the point of operation, or

• Prevents normal press operation if the operator's hands are inadvertently within the point of operation, or

• Automatically withdraws the operator's hands if the operator's hands are inadvertently within the point of operation as the dies close, or

• Prevents the initiation of a stroke, or stops of stroke in progress, when there is an intrusion through the sensing field by any part of the operator's body or by any

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C. Guard. A barrier that prevents entry of the operator's hands or fingers into the point of operation.

D. Inch. An intermittent motion imparted to the slide (on machines using part revolution clutches) by momentary operation of the "Inch" operating means. Operation of the "Inch" operating means engages the driving clutch so that a small portion of one stroke or indefinite stroking can occur, depending upon the length of time the "Inch" operating means is held operated. "Inch" is a function used by the die setter for setup of dies and tooling, but is not intended for use during production operations by the operator.

E. Jog. An intermittent motion imparted to the slide by momentary operation of the drive motor, after the clutch is engaged with the flywheel at rest.

F. Pinch point. Any point other than the point of operation at which it is possible for a part of the body to be caught between the moving parts of a press or auxiliary equipment, or between moving and stationary parts of a press or auxiliary equipment or between the material and moving part or parts of the press or auxiliary equipment.

G. Point of operation. The area of the machine where material is actually positioned and work is being performed during any process such as shearing, punching, forming, or assembling.

10. References.

A. OSHA Regulation 29 CFR 1910.212, General requirements for all machines.

B. OSHA Regulation 29 CFR 1910. 213, Woodworking machinery requirements.

C. OSHA Regulation 29 CFR 1910.215, Abrasive wheel machinery. (Grinders)

D. OSHA Regulation 29 CFR 1910.217, Mechanical power presses.

E. OSHA Regulation 29 CFR 1910.218, Forging machines.

F. OSHA Regulation 29 CFR 1910.219, Mechanical power-transmission apparatus.

G. OSHA Regulation 29 CFR 1910, Subpart P, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment.

H. California Code of Regulations, Title 8, General Industry Safety Orders, Article 20, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment.

I. California Code of Regulations, Title 8, General Industry Safety Orders, Group 6.

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Power Transmission Equipment, Prime Movers, Machines and Machine Parts

J. Washington State Department of Labor & Industries, WAC 296-807-170, Jacks

K. California Code of Regulations, Title 8, General Industry Safety Orders, Group 8.

Points of Operation and Other Hazardous Parts of Machinery

L. 49 CFR Parts 171-179, U.S. Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) regulations.

M. Army Corp of Engineers Safety and Health Requirements Manual, EM 385-1-1 (Sep. 2008), Section 13, Hand and Power Tools.

N. Army Corp of Engineers Safety and Health Requirements Manual, EM 385-1-1 (Sep. 2008), Section 20, Pressurized Equipment and Systems.

O. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation Safety and Health Standards (RSHS), Section 17, Hand Tools, Power Tools, Pressure Vessels, Compressors, and Welding.

P. Texas Dept. of Licensing and Regulation, Boilers and Boiler Safety

Q. ANSI/ASME B15.1, Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus.

R. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, current version.

S. ANSI/NB 23, National Board Inspection Code, current version.

T. ANSI A10.3, Safety Requirements for Powder-Actuated Fastening Systems

U. USIBWC Hazardous Energy Control Plan

V. USIBWC Safety Requirements for Personal Protective Equipment

W. USIBWC Safety Requirements for Welding, Cutting and Brazing

Approved:

///Original Signed///________ February 01, 2012 Carlos Pena, P.E. Operations Date for Edward Drusina, P.E.

Commissioner