Turbidity_Plan_0001.pdf
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- Attached to
- WA-ABERNATHY FTC REHAB INTAKE STRUCTURE Federal contract opportunity
- Solicitation number
- 140F0322R0013
About this file
This document outlines a water quality monitoring plan for a federal contract opportunity to rehabilitate an intake structure at the Abernathy Fish Technology Center in Washington. Key details include turbidity standards established by the Washington State Clean Water Act, which specify mixing zone lengths for in-water work activities. The monitoring plan provides protocols for minimum sampling requirements, including station placement distances and sampling frequency. It describes how to collect and test samples using a turbidity meter and record results. The related federal contract opportunity is solicited by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for rehabilitating the intake structure at the Abernathy FTC in Washington under solicitation number 140F0322R0013.
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Text version
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ABERNATHY FISH TECHNOLOGY CENTER
WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN
JUNE 2022
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Scope The scope of this monitoring effort is to stay in compliance with the Washington State Clean Water Act.
Standards Standards established by the Washington State Clean Water Act specify a set of regulatory mixing-zone lengths for in-water work activities. These mixing-zone lengths are used in compliance monitoring (WAC 173-201A-110) and specified as 100 feet downstream for streams with less than 10 CFS (cubic feet per second) discharge, 200 feet for 10 to 100 CFS discharge, and 300 feet for greater than 100 CFS discharge (See Table 1). The WAC 173-200(1)(e) outlines that turbidity should not exceed 5 NTU over background if the background is 50 NTU or less or allows a 10 percent increase in turbidity when the background turbidity is more than 50 NTU.
More accurate estimation of mixing zone length than that specified under the state Clean Water Act standards can be obtained through 2-dimensional transport modeling, using available software tools such as CORMIX or HSCTM2D (see http://www.epa.gov/ceampubl/swater/index.htm ). The physical characterization obtained as part of each monitoring protocol (i.e. longitudinal profiles, cross sections, substrate characteristics) should provide sufficient data to develop this model, with greater accuracy if surveying is performed with a Total Station, which gives planform (i.e. aerial view) patterns as well as profile and cross section. This estimate of mixing zone length, where feasible, will be used to improve upon the following station placement recommendations, which are based on channel bankfull width. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) recognizes that feasibility and access considerations may influence station placement as well.
Table 1: Monitoring station placement distances from downstream end of sediment generation zone defined in WAC 173-201A-110.
CFS Upstream station distance
Downstream station distance
<10 CFS 200 feet 100 feet > 10 to 100 CFS 200 feet 200 feet
Protocol Details
Minimum Requirements
At a minimum, all in-water work must comply with the Washington State Clean Water Act. Turbidity readings should be taken at least once every two hours. Additional turbidity readings should be commenced any time turbidity levels in the river can be seen to exceed background levels. Background turbidity readings will occur at the start of in-water work and once every two to four hours. If staff is available, photos or a video of the in-water work activity should be captured near the timing of the turbidity sample (note
S-3 time and picture numbers taken). All data should be recorded on the sampling form (see template 1). Preferably, samplings are taken with a turbidity meter.
If the downstream sample shows an increase on more than 5 NTU (10 percent if background is over 50 NTU), immediate sampling should occur just below the mixing zone, which is 500 feet from the downstream edge of the weir (sampling station is marked with pink flagging and a wooden marker). If sampling continues to show noncompliance at that location, the contractor supervisor should be contacted immediately. In-water work should stop, and immediate action should be taken to correct the surge of turbidity. Once in-water work activities continue, sampling should occur every fifteen minutes for one hour, unless turbidity is above 5 NTU above background.
If turbidity is above 5 NTU above background levels, start the process again, by contacting the contractor supervisor, stopping in-water activities, and correcting the surge of turbidity. Continue to sample every fifteen minutes for one hour. If the project remains compliant after one hour, sampling can be suspended until the water is either visually turbid above background levels or two hours have passed since the last sampling.
Background turbidity readings will continue once every two to four hours.
How to Dip Sampling Bottles
As outlined in Attachment 1, the sampler takes a clean wide-mouth 1-liter bottle, and wades or reaches out to the middle of the stream. The bottle is then plunged into the water, mouth downward. When the mouth nears the bottom, the motion is reversed, and the bottle is gradually tipped to release air, and filled with water as it is moved upwards towards the surface. In this technique, the whole water column is sampled without sucking in bottom sediment or debris floating on the surface.
Minimize walking in the water during samples taking.
Basic Turbidimeter Instructions
As noted in Attachment 1, obtain a water sample as outlined in the paragraph above “How To Dip Sampling Bottles.” Dump the first sample out (downstream), and then scoop again for the sample. Cap the bottle and shake it. Rinse the turbidimeter cuvette (cuvette is a glass bottle that fits into the turbidity meter) twice with sample water (pour a subsample into the turbidimeter cuvette, then pour this out and re-fill the cuvette). Pour a subsample into the turbidimeter cuvette for measurement, and cap the cuvette. Wipe the cuvette with a soft-lint free cloth that contains a small amount of silicone oil. Turn on the turbidimeter. Insert the cuvette into the turbidimeter well, aligning the orientation mark of the turbidimeter to that of the cuvette. The turbidity will display the samples’s NTUs.
Pour out this subsample, and refill the cuvette. Wipe dry and re-read the turbidity. Repeat again to get a total of 3 readings. Record time, the three NTU readings, and add other comments on the data forms (template 1). Clean the cuvette with 3 rinses of distilled water (about 5 ml each). Pour out the remaining water in the 1-liter bottle. Wait for next sample time.
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Attachment 1: Protocol
Turbidity and Suspended Sediment Sampling Procedure Condensed1
Equipment List:
Sample bottles – 1 liter, polyethylene, wide-mouth type with screw lids.
o 12 minimum needed for each downstream sample site, 6 for upstream site, for a total of at least 42 (assuming 3 downstream sites)
Distilled or filtered-deionized water – 2 gallons per sample site (total 6 gallons), for rinsing sample bottles and cuvettes. Put some of this water in a 1-liter sample bottle for ease of pouring into the sample cuvette for rinsing.
Supply of clean cotton cloths or lint-free paper wipes (e.g. Kimwipes) for cleaning turbidimeter cuvette before each measurement.
2 Turbidimeters – portable type, with extra batteries (4 AA’s) and calibration samples.
Heavy marking pens for sample bottles.
Clipboards for field notes and data sheets Data sheets (3 per site) Handheld radios (optional, but strongly recommended) Personal safety gear, especially waders for each observer.
Plastic tubs, or large coolers to hold water samples.
Ice for coolers Gear for measuring water discharge (Marsh McBirney meter, measuring tape, survey pins, clamps, top-setting rod)
1 By Paul Bakke, Geomorphologist, US Fish & Wildlife Service. This protocol was adapted from Appendix
S, GUIDELINES, PROTOCOLS AND METHODS FOR MONITORING DOWNSTREAM SEDIMENT
IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH RESTORATION ACTIVITIES, in PROGRAMMATIC BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT for Habitat Restoration Activities of the Western Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, Upper Columbia River Basin Office, Central Washington Ecological Services Office, Mid Columbia River Fishery Resource Office, Western Washington Version, FINAL June 2006.
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