Stone Specs_35 31 19_revised.pdf

SECTION 35 31 19

STONE

01/00

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

ASTM C 88 (2018) Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate

ASTM C 127 (2015) Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

ASTM D 5519 (2015) Standard Test Methods for Particle Size Analysis of Natural and Man-Made Riprap Materials

ASTM D 5313 (2012; R 2013) Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Wetting and Drying Conditions

ASTM C1721-15 (2015) Standard Guide for Petrographic Examination of Dimension Stone

CORPS OF ENGINEERS (COE)

CRD-C 144 (1992) Standard Test Method for Resistance of Rock to Freezing and Thawing

1.2 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals having no designation are for information only. The following shall be submitted in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-03 Product Data

Location of Material Sources for Stone; G-AO.

SD-04 Samples

Samples of Stone; G-AO.

SD-05 Design Data

Letter of Clearance; G-AO.

SD-06 Test Reports

Tests, service records, field performance, quarry operations, curing, storage, stockpile, and results; G-AO.

1.3 MEASUREMENT OF MATERIALS

Material shall be measured as specified in SECTION 01 22 00 MEASUREMENT AND

PAYMENT.

1.4 PAYMENT

Separate payment will not be made for the work described in this section.

All costs for this work will be included in the appropriate contract unit bid prices.

PART 2 PRODUCTS (NOT APPLICABLE)

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 STONE

The Contractor shall submit the location of material sources for stone.

The locations shall be described to the quarter-quarter section and shall be clearly delineated on a map with a scale of 1 inch = 2000 feet. The map shall also indicate roads and distances to the nearest cities or towns, which would appear on typical highway maps. The Contractor shall also submit a letter of clearance from the State Historic Preservation Officer permitting the quarrying, excavation, or other removal of the required contract materials. Address of the State Officer is as follows:

NEBRASKA IOWA

TREVOR JONES SUSAN KLOEWER, SHPO

NEBRASKA STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF IOWA

1500 R. STREET, P.O. BOX 82554 600 EAST LOCUST STREET

LINCOLN, NE 68501 DES MOINES, IA 50319

SOUTH DAKOTA MISSOURI

JAY D. VOGT, SHPO CAROL S. COMER, SHPO

SD STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY MISSOURI DEPT. OF NATURAL RES.

900 GOVERNORS DRIVE P.O. BOX 176

PIERRE, SD 57501 JEFFERSON CITY, MO 65102

NORTH DAKOTA MONTANA

CLAUDIA BERG, SHPO PETE BROWN, SHPO

STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY MONTANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

OF NORTH DAKOTA 1301 EAST LOCKEY AVENUE

612 EAST BOULEVARD AVENUE P.O. BOX 201202

BISMARCK, ND 58505 HELENA, MT 59620

COLORADO WYOMING

STEVE TURNER, SHPO MARY HOPKINS, SHPO

OFFICE OF HISTORICAL PRESERVATION WY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY

1200 BROADWAY 2301 CENTRAL AVENUE

DENVER, CO 80203 BARRETT BUILDING, 3RD FLOOR

CHEYENNE, WY 82002

3.1.1 General

Whenever "stone" is specified in this contract, it shall be durable, natural stone approved by the Contracting Officer and shall conform to all requirements of these specifications. The Contractor shall submit samples of stone for inspection and the location of the sources of materials in accordance with all specified requirements. Stone salvaged from any existing federally constructed erosion control or navigation project is acceptable for project use only as directed. In addition to the sampling, test results, and service test records required of the Contractor, the Contracting Officer reserves the right to inspect the material source and require additional samples of stone material, selected by the Contracting Officer, be submitted to the Contracting Officer for evaluation and approval prior to delivery of any material to the site of the work, except for test purposes. These samples, identified by specific location and specific geologic formation shall be obtained by the Contractor and delivered at his expense to a point designated by the Contracting Officer at least 10 days in advance of the time when the placing of the stone protection is expected to begin. The above inspection and sampling may be repeated any time the Contractor changes the rock character, specific bench, or ledge sub-section from which the material is sourced. The Contractor shall not be granted an extension of time or extra compensation due to any delay caused by sampling, testing, approval, or disapproval of stone material under the requirements of these specifications.

3.1.1.1 Broken Concrete

Broken concrete rubble will not be allowed as an allowable substitute for stone.

3.2 QUARRIED STONE OR FIELD BOULDERS

3.2.1 General

The stone, ASTM D 5519, shall consist of broken field boulders or quarried stone meeting the quality requirements. Neither the breadth nor the thickness of any piece of stone shall be less than one-third of its length.

Stone shall be reasonably well graded from coarse to fine. Quarry operation shall be controlled to produce a reasonable well graded stone of the required size, and the Contracting Officer may require changes as necessary to produce the required product. Dirt and fines of less than 1/2-inch maximum cross section, accumulated from interledge layers or from blasting or handling operations or breaking shall not exceed 5 percent by weight.

Stone shall contain less than 3% sulfides. Stone shall be free of trash, organics (wood), shale, soil, or other detrimental material. The stone shall be reasonably well graded between the following limits:

Limits of Stone Weight Percent Lighter Weight Size in Approx.

by Weight in Pounds (lbs) Spherical Diameter (in) % Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum

100 750 460 25 21 90 410 20 50 350 220 19 16 30 138 14 15 200 43 16 10

3.2.2 Quarry Operations

Conduct quarry operations in a manner to produce stone conforming to the requirements specified, this may involve selective quarrying, handling, processing, blending, and loading as necessary. Control blasting and handling of rock to produce rock of the size ranges and quality specified.

Techniques such as the use of proper hole diameter, hole depth, hole angle, burden and spacing distances, types and distribution of explosives, delay intervals and sequence, removal of muck piles between each shot, and special handling techniques are required as necessary to produce the specified materials. All aspects of blasting operations shall be specifically designed so that the end product is not damaged from the blasting technique and that the stone is suitable for the intended purpose.

If only a sub-section of a ledge is approved for use, a written description of quarry operations to isolate removal and handling of rock from that ledge section is required. If visual separation of ledge sub-section material is not feasible, the Contracting Officer may require additional testing to verify quarry operations.

3.2.2.1 Quarry Location

Quarry proximity to the work site is preferred to facilitate Government inspections. Use of any quarry located greater than 500 miles from the work area is not acceptable without prior approval by the Contracting Officer.

3.2.2.2 Curing Stone

Conduct curing operations on freshly quarried stone to allow it to release stored energy and moisture and to allow the stone to demonstrate that it will not fracture during the energy release and drying-out phase. Stones of sizes which are individually picked shall be temporarily stockpiled at the quarry site a minimum of 90 calendar days before being shipped to the project site, unless this requirement is waived by the Contracting Officer.

Such waiver will be granted only if the stone has characteristics that make curing unnecessary.

3.2.2.3 Stone Quarrying Exclusion Period

Stone quarried between the 1st of October and the 15th of April may not be approved for use in the project. If the stone is not affected by freeze-thaw cycles, and the durability history of the stone demonstrates that quarrying during the exclusion period has no adverse effect on the durability of the stone, and the Contracting Officer approves the use of stone quarried during the exclusion period, the stone quarrying period exclusion may be waived or shortened by the Contracting Officer. Stone quarried before the exclusion period at a time which will not permit sufficient curing time before being subjected to freezing conditions, and which is subject to fracturing as a result of freeze-thaw cycles, will not be approved for use.

3.2.2.4 Temporary Storage at Quarry

Storage of stone materials subsequent to shipment from the quarry and prior to permanent placement in the required work shall be subject to approval of the Contracting Officer. Underwater storage of stone materials or the storage of stone materials in an area subject to winter melt and freeze-thaw due to improper drainage is prohibited.

3.2.3 Riprap Stockpile

If the Contractor elects to provide off-site stockpiling areas, the Contracting Officer shall be notified of all such areas. The Contracting Officer may elect to inspect stockpile areas to view rock handling operations and stockpile conditions. Stockpile operations shall be conducted to minimize potential damage due to operations including rock handling and the environment. The stockpile area shall be well graded to provide drainage. The Contracting officer may elect to require testing of stockpiled rock prior to placement to ensure conformance with gradation and test limits. After being stockpiled, any riprap which has become contaminated with soil or refuse shall not be put into the work unless the contaminating material has been removed from the riprap prior to placement.

No storage of materials during the freeze thaw period, roughly 1 December through 15 April, shall be allowed without the approval of the Contracting Officer.

3.3 SALVAGED STONE

Excess salvaged stone shall be placed on-site as approved by the COR.

3.4 TESTS, SERVICE RECORDS AND RESULTS

Tests, service records and results will be used to determine the acceptability of the quarried stone material. In the event test reports and a service record that are satisfactory to the Contracting Officer are not available, as in the case of newly operated sources, the material shall be subject to such tests as are necessary to determine its acceptability for use in the work. Tests to which the material may be subjected include petrographic analysis, specific gravity, absorption, wetting and drying, soundness in magnesium sulfate, freezing and thawing, and such other tests as may be considered necessary to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Contracting Officer that the materials are acceptable for use in the work.

All tests shall be performed by the Contractor at no cost to the Government. The stone protection material shall meet the test limits stated in the following paragraphs when tested as indicated.

3.4.1 Acceptability of Previous Test Results

Previously conducted test results submitted by the Contractor that are dated within 1 year from contract award date may be accepted by the Contracting Officer. Acceptable tests must have been conducted from an active quarry ledge with sampling and testing conducted by an accredited lab. Quarries with limited use data, poor historic test results, conflicting results, sampling methods and sizes that do not conform to test standards, and similar will be considered when requesting additional testing. The Contracting Officer may require new tests without justification at any time during contract performance. A contract performance period that exceeds 1 year may require additional sampling and testing at the discretion of the Contracting Officer.

3.4.2 Sampling

All sampling of the stone protection materials will be made by or under the supervision of the Contracting Officer unless prior approval for other methods are received from the Contracting Officer. A minimum of three samples are required for testing. Test results should clearly specify the sampling personnel, sample delivery / collection date, quarry location, and the ledge(s) that were sampled. Minimum sample size shall be collected that are representative of the rock gradation and conform to requirements for each specific test. Quarry ledges with significant variability shall require sampling a minimum of three samples from each ledge sub-section. If the source is an undeveloped quarry or if the operation has been dormant for more than one year, expose fresh rock for 20 feet horizontally and for the full height of the face proposed for production prior to field evaluation and sampling. The Contracting Officer may also require documentation of quarry exploration and past quarry production rates in order to determine whether or not sufficient reserves are available.

3.4.3 Field Performance

Field performance for specific rock sources should be provided for rock sources not used by the Omaha District within the past 5 years and may be required at the discretion of the Contracting Officer for any rock source.

Field performance installation records consists of: project location, rock gradation, rock source, construction date, construction drawings, field photo history, and point of contact. Preferred performance history will be from a riverine application on a large river with similar depth / velocity that is subject to similar climate with freeze / thaw, wetting and drying, with similar rock size, and with installations during the previous 2 to 10 years.

3.4.4 Testing Facilities

All tests shall be conducted at USACE approved test facilities. A list of test facilities is available at:

https://mtc.erdc.dren.mil/searchvalidation.aspx

3.4.5 Bulk Specific Gravity and Absorption

Stone shall have a bulk specific gravity with a saturated surface dry (SSD) greater than 2.5 grams/cubic centimeter. The stone shall have an absorption less than 3 percent unless other tests and service records show that the stone is satisfactory. The method of test for saturated bulk specific gravity (SSD) and absorption shall be ASTM C127. The tests method shall be modified as follows: Total sample shall weigh 5,000 grams +2 percent.

Individual particles shall weigh approximately 300 grams each.

3.4.6 Soundness

Soundness in Magnesium Sulfate, ASTM C 88, loss at 5 cycles not more than 10 percent. ASTM C 88 shall be modified as follows:

3.4.6.1 General

The sample shall be prepared by breaking it into fragments reasonably uniform in size and shape and weighing approximately 100 grams each. The test sample shall weigh 5,000 grams +/- 2 percent. The sample shall be thoroughly washed and dried previous to test as described for coarse aggregate. The samples immersed in the solution shall be maintained at a temperature of 80 degrees F +/- 2 degrees F for the immersion period.

3.4.6.2 Quantitative Examination

At the end of the fifth cycle, the percentage loss shall be determined by the three following methods. The test report shall show the loss computed by each method; however, only the combined loss shall be used for acceptance or rejection of the material.

a. Loss by Breaking

An individual piece which has broken or split into three or more fragments shall be considered to have failed the test, provided each of the three such fragments is at least 10 percent of the original piece by weight. The total original weight of all pieces failing the test, expressed as percentage of the total original weight of the sample, shall be considered as percentage loss by breaking.

b. Loss by Crumbling and Flaking

After the loss by breaking has been determined, the pieces that have not failed in that determination shall be screened on the 1/2-inch sieve and the material retained on the sieve shall be weighed for purposes required to determine combined losses. The pieces which have failed by breaking shall then be added to the material remaining on the 1/2-inch sieve and screened. The difference between the total original weight of the sample and the total weight of the material retained on the 1/2-inch sieve expressed as percentage of the total original weight, shall be considered as percentage loss by crumbling and flaking.

c. Combined Loss

The combined loss shall be the total of the loss by breaking and the loss by crumbling and flaking.

d. Report

The report for riprap rock shall show the percentages of loss calculated as described herein before and the number of pieces affected, classified as to number disintegrating, splitting, crumbling, cracking, flaking, etc. Testing results should also include photographs.

3.4.7 Soundness in Freezing and Thawing-Method for Riprap Rock

The test for freezing and thawing shall consist of CRD-C 144, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Rock to Freezing and Thawing. The test shall be performed on a minimum of three (3) specimens.

3.4.7.1 Sampling

Sampling shall conform to criteria previously stated in section 3.4.2. and shall also conform to CRD-C 144 specimen preparation procedures. Rock source samples shall be collected that are representative of the desired rock gradation with a minimum size of 12 inches in any dimension and 25,000 grams (55 pounds). Prepared specimens subjected to testing should be as large as possible, up to the capacity of pans used for the test, and shall be at least 5,000 grams (11.0 pounds).

3.4.7.2 Report and Acceptability

The test report submitted for approval shall contain information as required by CRD-C 144 test procedures. Photographs of the stones during various phases of the testing shall be included. The loss at twenty (20) cycles for any individual specimen shall not exceed fifteen (15) percent and the average of all three samples shall not exceed (10) percent.

3.4.8 Gradation Field Tests

Tests to determine the gradation of thestone material shall be performed by the Contractor, under the supervision of the Contracting Officer. An acceptable test shall be required from each different source of stone material and for each specified gradation.

3.4.8.1 Test Method

Gradation tests shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D 5519, Test Method A.

3.4.8.2 Test Location

Gradation field tests shall be performed at the construction site prior to placement of the stone. Gradation tests performed by the Contractor at the quarry are encouraged to ensure acceptability but cannot be substituted for gradation field tests at the site.

3.4.8.3 Sample Size and Test Frequency

A representative sample, consisting of not less than 25 tons, shall be tested at the start of construction operations and at intervals during construction, as directed. At a minimum, gradation testing shall be required for each 50,000 tons of material placed during contract execution.

3.4.8.4 Test Schedule

The test shall be conducted immediately upon request of the Contracting Officer. The Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer not less than 3 work days in advance of scheduling each field test. Attendance of the Government Representative at the gradation test is mandatory unless waived by the Contracting Officer.

3.4.8.5 Acceptability

The Contractor shall plot the results of each test for gradation in relation to the gradation limits envelope specified. The plots shall be made on Engineering Form 4055, furnished by the Contracting Officer, or on a similar form. Results of the field test and the plots shall be furnished to the Contracting Officer prior to placement of the stone.

Failure of the test on the initial sample and on any additional samples will be considered cause for rejection of the quarry and/or quarry process, and all stone represented by the failed tests shall be set aside and not incorporated into the work. Any additional test required because of the failure of the initial test sample will not be consider as one of the required tests. Test results must be received and approved by the Contracting Officer for use prior to any stone placement. The Contracting Officer may direct additional testing or reject stone furnished to the worksite if the stone appears, by visual inspection, to differ than the tested gradation or quality.

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