Att_11_Qatar_FGS.pdf

STATE OF QATAR

FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS

1 March 2011

Prepared by U.S. Air Forces Central

United States Central Command

On behalf of United States Central Command (USCENTCOM)

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State of Qatar Final Governing Standards

4 METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY

Chapters 2-19 of the FGS include the scope, definitions and criteria. Appendices and tables are also presented. The applicable State of Qatar environmental regulations were compared to the

May 2007 Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document (OEBGD), and determinations were made as to whether a State of Qatar environmental regulation was more or less stringent, equivalent to, or in addition to, the OEBGD standard.

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

FORWARD 3

METHODOLOGY 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS 5

REFERENCES 10

C1. CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW 11

C1.1. PURPOSE 11

C1.2. APPLICABILITY 11

C1.3. EXEMPTIONS 11

C1.4. DEFINITIONS 12

C1.5. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 12

C2. CHAPTER 2 AIR EMISSIONS 15

C2.1. SCOPE 15

C2.2. DEFINITIONS 15

C2.3. CRITERIA 17

C2.4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 21

C3. CHAPTER 3 DRINKING WATER 29

C3.1. SCOPE 29

C3.2. DEFINITIONS 29

C3.3. CRITERIA 32

C4. CHAPTER 4 WASTEWATER 65

C4.1. SCOPE 65

C4.2. DEFINITIONS 65

C4.3. CRITERIA 68

C4.4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 74

C5. CHAPTER 5 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL 81

C5.1. SCOPE 81

C5.2. DEFINITION 81

C5.3. CRITERIA 82

C6. CHAPTER 6 HAZARDOUS WASTE 89

C6.1. SCOPE 89

C6.2. DEFINITIONS 89

C6.3. CRITERIA 91

C7. CHAPTER 7 SOLID WASTE 109

C7.1. SCOPE 109

C7.2. DEFINITIONS 109

C7.3. CRITERIA 112

C7.4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 116

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS

C8. CHAPTER 8 MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT 119

C8.1. SCOPE 119

C8.2. DEFINITIONS 119

C8.3. CRITERIA 122

C9. CHAPTER 9 PETROLEUM, OIL, AND LUBRICANTS 131

C9.1. SCOPE 131

C9.2. DEIFINITIONS 131

C9.3. CRITERIA 133

C9.4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 135

C10. CHAPTER 10 RESERVED 137

C11. CHAPTER 11 PESTICIDES 139

C11.1. SCOPE 139

C11.2. DEFINITIONS 139

C11.3. CRITERIA 140

C12. CHAPTER 12 HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES 145

C12.1. SCOPE 145

C12.2. DEFINITIONS 145

C12.3. CRITERIA 147

C12.4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 148

C13. CHAPTER 13 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENDANGERED SPECIES 149

C13.1. SCOPE 149

C13.2. DEFINITIONS 149

C12.3. CRITERIA 151

C12.4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 152

C14. CHAPTER 14 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 157

C14.1. SCOPE 157

C14.2. DEFINITIONS 157

C14.3. CRITERIA 158

C15. CHAPTER 15 ASBESTOS 167

C15.1. SCOPE 167

C15.2. DEFINITIONS 167

C15.3. CRITERIA 168

C16. CHAPTER 16 RESERVED 171

C17. CHAPTER 17 LEAD-BASED PAINT 173

C17.1. SCOPE 173

C17.2. DEFINITIONS 173

C17.3. CRITERIA 175

C18. CHAPTER 18 SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANNING 177

C18.1. SCOPE 177

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS

C18.2. DEFINITIONS 177

C18.3. CRITERIA 178

C19. CHAPTER 19 UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 183

C19.1. SCOPE 183

C19.2. DEFINITIONS 183

C19.3. CRITERIA 184

APPENDICES

AP1. APPENDIX 1 – CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND LISTS OF

HAZARDOUS WASTES AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 185

AP2. APPENDIX 2 – DETERMINATION OF WORST CASE DISCHARGE PLANNING

VOLUME 239

8 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLES

Table C2. T1. Emission Standards for Steam Generating Units 22

Table C2. T2. Class I and II Ozone-Depleting Substances 23

Table C2. T3. Emission Standards for Incinerators 24

Table C2. T4. Carbon Monoxide Operating Limits for Incinerators 25

Table C2. T5. Ambient Air Quality Standards 26

Table C2. T6. Guidelines Regulating the Standards of Emissions Resulting from the

Incineration of Hazardous Healthcare Wastes 27

Table C3. T1. Surface Water Treatment Requirements 39

Table C3. T2. Total Coliform Monitoring Frequency 41

Table C3. T3. Inorganic Chemical MCLs 42

Table C3. T4. Inorganics Monitoring Requirements 43

Table C3. T5. Recommended Fluoride Concentrations at Different Temperatures 44

Table C3. T6. Monitoring Requirements for Lead and Copper Water Quality Parameters 44

Table C3. T7. Synthetic Organic Chemical MCLs 45

Table C3. T8. Synthetic Organic Chemical Monitoring Requirements 47

Table C3. T9. Disinfectant/Disinfection Byproducts Monitoring Requirements 48

Table C3. T10. Radionuclide MCLs and Monitoring Requirements 51

Table C3. T11. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chloine at 0.5 C or Lower 52

Table C3. T12. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 5.0 C 53

Table C3. T13. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 10 C 54

Table C3. T14. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 15 C 55

Table C3. T15. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 20 C 56

Table C3. T16. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Free Chlorine at 25 C 57

Table C3. T17. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Free Chlorine 58

Table C3. T18. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Chlorine Dioxide 58

Table C3. T19. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Free Chlorine Dioxide pH6-9 58

Table C3. T20. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Ozone 58

Table C3. T21. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Free Ozone 59

Table C3. T22. CT Values for Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by Chloramine pH 6-9 59

Table C3. T23. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by Chloramine 59

Table C3. T24. CT Values for Inactivation of Viruses by UV 59

9 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table C3. T25. Radionuclides 60

Table C3. T26. Chemical Components used in Treatment of Drinking Water and Related

Components 62

Table C3. T27. Residues of Insecticides used for Public Health Purposes 63

Table C3. T28. Toxic Substances 63

Table C4. T1. Components of Total Toxic Organics 75

Table C4. T2. Monitoring Requirements 76

Table C4. T3. Best Management Practices 77

Table C4. T4. Criteria for Treated Wastewater of Point of Discharge into Maritime Environments 78

Table C4. T5. Criteria for the Discharge of Industrial Effluents into Public Sewers 79

Table C4. T6. Criteria for Ballast Water Discharge 79

Table C4. T7. Criteria for Drainage of Liquid Waste to the DWTS Treatment 80

Table C5. T1. Typical Hazardous Materials Characteristics 86

Table C5. T2. Minimum Separation of Hazardous Chemicals from the Public 86

Table C5. T3. Minimum Separation of Hazardous Chemicals from Other Chemicals 87

Table C8. T1. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Infectious Medical Waste 129

Table C8. T2. Guidelines Regulating the Standards of Emissions Resulting from the

Incineration of Hazardous Healthcare Wastes 130

Table C13. T1. Threatened and Endangered (T&E) Species 155

Table AP1. T1. Maximum Concentration of Contaminants for the Toxicity Characteristic 191

Table AP1. T2. Maximum Concentration of Contaminants for Non-Wastewater 192

Table AP1. T3. Listed Hazardous Wastes from Non-Specific Sources 193

Table AP1. T4. List of Hazardous Waste/Substances/Materials 196

10 REFERENCES

REFERENCES

Department of Defense

(a) DoD Instruction 4715.5, “Management of Environmental Compliance at Overseas

Installations,” April 22, 1996

(b) Executive Order 12344, “Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program,” February 1, 1982

(c) Section 7158 of title 42, United States Code

(d) Executive Order 12114, “Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions,”

January 4, 1979

(e) DoD Instruction 4715.4, “Pollution Prevention,” June 18, 1996

(f) DoD 8910.1-M, “DoD Procedures for Management of Information Requirements,” June

30, 1998

(g) DoD Instruction 6050.05, “DoD Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) Program,” August

15, 2006

(h) Defense Logistics Agency Instruction 4145.11, Army Technical Manual 38-410, Naval

Supply Publication 573, Air Force Joint Manual 23-209, and Marine Corps Order

4450.12A, “Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials,” January 13, 1999

(i) Air Force Interservice Manual 24-204(I), Army Technical Order 3 8-250, Naval Supply

Publication 505, Marine Corps Order P4030.19I, and Defense Logistics Agency

Instruction 4145.3, Defense Contract Management Agency D1, Ch3.4 (HM24), “Preparing Hazardous Materials for Military Air Shipments,” 15 April 2007, Incorporating Change 1, 4 May 2007.

(j) DoD 4160.21 -M, “Defense Materiel Disposition Manual,” August 18, 1997, authorized by DoD 4140.1-R, “Department of Defense Materiel Management Regulation,”

January 25, 1993

(k) DoD Directive 4001.1, “Installation Management,” September 4, 1986

(l) Naval Facility Manual of Operation-213, Air Force Regulation 9 1-8, and Army

Technical Manual 5-634, “Solid Waste Management,” May 1990

(m) DoD 4150.7-M, “DoD Pest Management Training and Certification,” April 24, 1997

(n) Military Handbook 1 028/8A, “Design of Pest Management Facilities,”

November 1, 1991

(o) DoD Instruction 6055.1, “DoD Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program,”

August 19, 1998

(p) DoD Instruction 6055.5, “Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health,”

January 10, 1989

(q) Section 2643 of title 15, United States Code

(r) Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 763, Subpart E, “Asbestos-Containing

Materials in Schools,” current edition

(s) DoD Instruction 4715.8, “Environmental Remediation for DoD Activities Overseas,”

February 2, 1998

C1. CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW

C1.1. PURPOSE

The primary purpose of this Final Governing Standard (FGS) is to provide criteria and management practices to be used by DoD Components to protect human health and the environment for the State of Qatar where the Department of Defense maintains substantial installations.

C1.2. APPLICABILITY

This FGS applies to actions of the DoD Components at installations in the State of Qatar.

C1.3. EXEMPTIONS

This FGS does not apply to:

C1.3.1. DoD installations that do not have more than de minimis potential to affect the natural environment (e.g., offices whose operations are primarily administrative, including defense attaché offices, security assistance offices, foreign buying offices, and other similar organizations), or for which the DoD Components exercise control only on a temporary or intermittent basis.

C1.3.2. Leased, joint use, and similar facilities to the extent that the Department of Defense does not control the instrumentality or operation that a criterion seeks to regulate.

C1.3.3. When U.S. forces are operating as part of a multi-national force not under full control of the United States. Such excepted operations and deployments shall be conducted in accordance with applicable international agreements, other DoD Directives (DoDD) and DoDIs, and environmental annexes incorporated into operation plans or operation orders. However, this FGS does apply to support functions for U.S. military vessels and U.S. military aircraft provided by the

DoD Components, including management or disposal of off-loaded waste or material.

C1.3.4. Facilities and activities associated with the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, which are covered under Executive Order (E.O.) 12344 (Reference (b)) and conducted pursuant to 42 United States Code (U.S.C.) 7158 (Reference (c)).

C1.3.5. The determination or conduct of remediation to correct environmental problems caused by the Department of Defense's past activities.

C1.3.6. Environmental analyses conducted under E.O. 12114 (Reference (d)).

C1.4. DEFINITIONS

For purposes of this FGS, unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions apply:

C1.4.1. Criteria and Management Practices. Particular substantive provisions of the

OEBGD that are used by the EEA to develop this FGS.

C1.4.2. Existing Facility. Any facility and/or building, source, or project in use or under construction before 1 October 1994, unless it is subsequently substantially modified.

C1.4.3. Final Governing Standards. A comprehensive set of country-specific substantive provisions, typically technical limitations on effluent, discharges, etc., or a specific management practice.

C1.4.4. New Facility. Any facility and/or building, source, or project with a construction start date on or after 1 October 1994, or a pre-existing facility that has been substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C1.4.5. Requirements

C1.4.5.1. Particular provisions of U.S. law respecting environmental protection on DoD installations within the United States

C1.4.5.2. State of Qatar law of general applicability, including those specifically delegated to regional or local governments for implementation, respecting environmental protection and which are generally applied to State of Qatar military.

C1.4.5.3. Applicable international treaty provisions that are used in determining FGS.

DoD installations overseas shall use FGS as standards for environmental compliance rather than the individual source documents that have been reconciled by the EEA in the creation of FGS.

C1.4.6. Substantial Modification. Any modification to a facility and/or building the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C1.5. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

C1.5.1. FGS shall not expressly indicate the source of the standard, whether domestic, State of

Qatar, or international agreement. EEAs may retain draft working documents and references used in developing FGS, but may not officially issue any compilation of such materials. DoD EEAs shall maintain, for purposes INTERNAL TO THE EEA AND DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, a record of their decision-making process which clearly identifies the comparative analysis strategy regarding how a particular FGS requirement was derived.

C1.5.2. The DoD Components shall establish and implement an environmental audit program to ensure that overseas installations assess compliance with FGS at least once every

3 years at all installations.

C1.5.3. DoDI 4715.4 (Reference (e)) implements policy, assigns responsibility, and prescribes procedures for implementation of pollution prevention programs throughout the

Department of Defense. As a matter of DoD policy, Reference (e) should be consulted for particular requirements that apply to activities outside the United States. Pollution prevention should be considered in developing the criteria and management practices for FGS. Where economically advantageous and consistent with mission requirements, pollution prevention shall be the preferred means for attaining compliance with this FGS.

C1.5.4. Where State of Qatar analytical methods and QA/QC procedures are documented;

they should be reviewed to determine if they are as precise as US EPA analytical methods and

QA/QC procedures. For all parameters, the more precise method and procedure should be used.

C1.5.5. Unless otherwise specified, all record keeping requirements, including assessments, inspection records, logs, manifests, notices, forms, and formats, are described in accordance with paragraph C4.4.2. of DoD 8910.1-M (Reference (f)).

C1.5.6. This FGS does not create any rights or obligations enforceable against the United

States, the Department of Defense, or any of its components, nor does it create any standard of care or practice for individuals. Although this FGS refers to other DoDDs and DoDIs, it is intended only to coordinate the requirements of those directives as required to implement the policies found in Reference (a). This FGS does not change other DoDDs or DoDIs or alter DoD policies.

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C2. CHAPTER 2

AIR EMISSIONS

C2.1. SCOPE

This Chapter contains standards for air emissions sources. Criteria addressing open burning of solid waste are contained in Chapter 7, “Solid Waste.” Criteria addressing asbestos are contained in

Chapter 15, “Asbestos.”

C2.2. DEFINITIONS

C2.2.1. Coal Refuse. Waste products from coal mining, cleaning, and coal preparation operations (e.g., culm and gob) containing coal, matrix material, clay, and other organic and inorganic material.

C2.2.2. Cold Cleaning Machine. Any device or piece of equipment that contains and/or uses liquid solvent, into which parts are placed to remove soil and other contaminants from the surfaces of the parts or to dry the parts. Cleaning machines that contain and use heated, nonboiling solvent to clean the parts are classified as cold cleaning machines.

C2.2.3. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerator (CISWI) Units. Any combustion device that combusts commercial and industrial waste in an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion without energy recovery that is a distinct operating unit of any commercial or industrial facility (including field-erected, modular, and custom incineration units operating with starved or excess air). CISWI units do NOT include Municipal Waste Combustor Units, Sewage Sludge

Incinerators, Medical Waste Incinerators, and Hazardous Waste Combustion Units.

C2.2.4. Fossil Fuel. Natural gas, petroleum, coal, and any form of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel derived from such material for the purpose of creating useful heat.

C2.2.5. Freeboard Ratio. The ratio of the solvent cleaning machine freeboard height to the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the solvent cleaning machine.

C2.2.6. Healthcare Waste. Waste generated by facilities offering various types of healthcare, laboratories, facilities for the manufacture of drugs, pharmaceuticals and vaccines, veterinary institutions, research institutions, and from home treatment and patient care. It consists of two types:

C2.2.6.1. Hazardous Healthcare Waste. Wastes generated by sources that are contaminated or potentially contaminated by infectious, chemical or radioactive agents. These constitute a minor percentage of the overall healthcare waste, and they pose a risk to individuals, the community and the environment during its generation, collection, treatment, storage, transport and disposal.

C2.2.6.2. Non-hazardous Healthcare Waste. Wastes that are found in municipal wastes, and it is generated by administrative institutions and by the general cleaning activities in healthcare institutions. This constitutes the major part of healthcare wastes, and it is treated in the same way as municipal waste.

C2.2.7 Healthcare Waste Treatment Unit. A facility where the biological, chemical or physical properties of the hazardous healthcare waste are altered with the aim of eliminating its hazard so that it becomes safe, both for human health and the environment.

C2.2.8. Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC). A compound consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon often used as a replacement for Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS).

C2.2.9. Incinerator. Any furnace used in the process of burning solid or liquid waste for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter, including equipment with heat recovery systems for either hot water or steam generation.

C2.2.10. Motor Vehicle. Any commercially available vehicle that is not adapted to military use which is self-propelled and designed for transporting persons or property on a street or highway, including but not limited to, passenger cars, light duty vehicles, and heavy duty vehicles.

C2.2.11. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Any household, commercial/retail, or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded from residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials discarded by schools, hospitals (nonmedical), nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does include yard waste and refuse-derived fuel. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge; wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes

(which include railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff).

C2.2.12. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Any equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste (MSW) including, but not limited to, field-erected MWC units (with or without heat recovery), modular MWC units (starved-air or excess-air), boilers (for example, steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion units. Municipal waste combustion units do NOT include pyrolysis or MWC units located at a plastics or rubber recycling unit, cement kilns that combust MSW, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.

C2.2.13. Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS). Substances characterized as being chemically stable in the atmosphere near the surface of the earth and contain one or more atoms of chlorine or bromine, or both, which produce a chain reaction in the stratosphere resulting in depletion of the ozone layer.

Those substances listed in Table C2.T2.

C2.2.14. Pathological Waste. Waste material consisting of only human or animal remains, anatomical parts, and/or tissue, the bags/containers used to collect and transport the waste material, and animal bedding (if applicable).

C2.2.15. Perfluorocarbon (PFC). A compound consisting solely of carbon and fluorine often used as a replacement for ODS.

C2.2.16. Process Heater. A device that is primarily used to heat a material to initiate or promote a chemical reaction in which the material participates as a reactant or catalyst.

C2.2.17. Pyrolysis. The endothermic gasification of hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste using external energy.

C2.2.18. Stack. Any point in a source covered by criteria contained in C2.3.1., C2.3.2., C2.3.3., C2.3.4., or C2.3.5. designed to emit pollutants.

C2.2.19. Steam/Hot Water Generating Unit. A device that combusts any fuel and produces steam or heats water or any other heat transfer medium. This definition does not include nuclear steam generators or process heaters.

C2.2.20. Substantially-Modified. Any modification to a facility/building, the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C2.2.21. Vapor Cleaning Machine. A batch or in-line solvent cleaning machine that boils liquid solvent which generates solvent vapor that is used as a part of the cleaning or drying cycle.

C2.2.22. Wood Residue. Bark, sawdust, slabs, chips, shavings, mill trim, and other wood products derived from wood processing and forest management operations.

C2.3. CRITERIA

C2.3.1. Steam/Hot Water Generating Units. The following standards apply to units that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since

1 October 1994.

C2.3.1.1. Air Emission Standards. The following criteria apply to units with a maximum design heat input capacity greater or equal to 10 million Btu/hr.

C2.3.1.1.1. Steam/hot water generating units and associated emissions controls, if applicable, must be designed to meet the emission standards for specific sized units shown in

Table C2.T1. at all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, soot blowing, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.1.1.2. For units combusting liquid or solid fossil fuels, fuel sulfur content (weight percent) and higher heating value will be measured and recorded for each new shipment of fuel. Use these data to calculate sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions and document compliance with the SO2 limits using the equation in Table C2.T1. Alternatively, install a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system to measure the flue gas for SO2 and either oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2).

C2.3.1.2. Air Emissions Monitoring. Steam/hot water generating units subject to opacity or nitrogen oxides (NOX) standards in C2.T1. must have a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) to measure the flue gas as follows:

C2.3.1.2.1. For units with a maximum design heat input capacity greater than

30 million Btu/hr: Opacity, except that CEMS is not required where gaseous or distillate fuels are the only fuels combusted.

C2.3.1.2.2. For fossil fuel fired units with a maximum design heat input capacity greater than 100 million Btu/hr: NOX and either O2 or CO2.

C2.3.2. Incinerators. The following requirements do not apply to incinerators combusting hazardous waste or munitions. Refer to Chapter 6, “Hazardous Waste,” for information regarding hazardous waste disposal and incineration.

C2.3.2.1. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerators (CISWI). All CISWI units must comply with the applicable emission standards in Table C2.T3. and operating limits in Table C2.T4.

C2.3.2.2. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Each MWC unit must comply with the applicable emission standards in Table C2.T3. and operating limits in Table C2.T4.

C2.3.2.3. Sewage Sludge Incinerators. All sewage sludge incinerators that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994 and that burn more than 1 ton per day (tpd) of sewage sludge or more than 10% sewage sludge, must also be designed to meet a particulate emission limit of 0.65 g/kg dry sludge (1.30 lb/ton dry sludge) and an opacity limit of 20% at all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.2.4. Medical Waste Incinerators (MWI). The following standards apply to all units. These requirements do not apply to any portable units (field deployable), pyrolysis units, or units that burn only pathological, low-level radioactive waste, or chemotherapeutic waste. Refer to Chapter 8, “Medical Waste Management,” for other requirements pertaining to medical waste management.

C2.3.2.4.1. All MWI must be designed and operated according to the following good combustion practices (GCP):

C2.3.2.4.1.1. Unit design: dual chamber.

C2.3.2.4.1.2. Minimum temperature in primary chamber: 1400-1600°F.

C2.3.2.4.1.3. Minimum temperature in secondary chamber: 1800-2200°F.

C2.3.2.4.1.4. Minimum residence time in the secondary chamber: 2 seconds.

C2.3.2.4.1.5. Incinerator operators must be trained in accordance with applicable

Service requirements.

C2.3.3. Perchloroethylene (PCE) Dry Cleaning Machines. The following requirements apply to all dry cleaning machines. These requirements do not apply to coin-operated machines.

C2.3.3.1. Emissions from PCE dry cleaning machines installed before 1 October 1994 that use more than 2000 gallons per year of PCE (installation wide) in dry cleaning operations, must be controlled with a refrigerated condenser, unless a carbon absorber was already installed. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 45°F or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.3.2. All PCE dry cleaning systems installed on or after 1 October 1994 must be of the dry-to-dry design with emissions controlled by a refrigerated condenser. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 45°F or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4. Chromium Electroplating and Chromium Anodizing Tanks. Electroplating and anodizing tanks must comply with one of the three methods below for controlling chromium emissions. Implement one of the following methods that is most appropriate to suit local conditions:

C2.3.4.1. Option 1: Limit chromium emissions in the ventilation exhaust to 0.015 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm). Control devices/methods must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4.2. Option 2: Use chemical tank additives to prevent surface tension of the electroplating or anodizing bath from exceeding 45 dynes per centimeter (cm) as measured by a stalagmometer or 35 dynes/cm as measured by a tensiometer. Measure the surface tension prior to the first initiation of electric current on a given day and every 4 hours thereafter.

C2.3.4.3. Option 3: Limit chromium emissions to the maximum allowable mass emission rate

(MAMER) calculated using the following equation: MAMER = ETSA x K x 0.015 mg/dscm, where:

MAMER = the alternative emission rate for enclosed hard chromium electroplating tanks in mg/hr;

ETSA = the hard chromium electroplating tank surface area in square feet (ft ); K = a conversion factor, 425 dscm/(ft -hr). Option 3 is ONLY applicable to hard chrome electroplating tanks equipped with an enclosing hood and ventilated at half the rate or less than that of an open surface tank of the same surface area.

C2.3.5. Halogenated Solvent Cleaning Machines. These requirements apply to all solvent cleaning machines that use solvent which contains more than 5 percent by weight: methylene chloride (CAS

No. 75-09-2), perchloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4), trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CAS No. 7 1-55-6), carbon tetrachloride (CAS No. 56-23-5), chloroform

(CAS No. 67-66-3), or any combination of these halogenated solvents.

C2.3.5.1. All cold cleaning machines (remote reservoir and immersion tanks) must be covered when not in use. Additionally, immersion type cold cleaning machines must have either a 1-inch water layer or a freeboard ratio of at least 0.75.

C2.3.5.2. All vapor cleaning machines (vapor degreasers) must incorporate design and work practices which minimize the direct release of halogenated solvent to the atmosphere.

C2.3.6. Units Containing ODS Listed in Table C2.T2. The following criteria apply to direct atmospheric emissions of ODS, HFCs, and perfluorocarbons (PFC) from refrigeration equipment and

ODS from fire suppression equipment.

C2.3.6.1. Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling. All repairs, including leak repairs or services to appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners, must be performed using commercially available refrigerant recovery/recycling equipment operated by trained personnel. Refrigerant technicians shall be trained in proper recovery/recycling procedures, leak detection, safety, shipping, and disposal in accordance with recognized industry standards or State of Qatar equivalent.

C2.3.6.2. Refrigerant Venting Prohibition. Any class I or class II ODS, HFC, and PFC refrigerant shall not be intentionally released in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners. De minim is releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover ODS, HFC, and PFC refrigerants are not subject to this prohibition.

C2.3.6.3. Refrigerant Leak Monitoring and Repair. Monitor and repair refrigeration equipment for ODS leakage in accordance with the following criteria and repair, if found to be leaking.

C2.3.6.3.1. Commercial Refrigeration Equipment. Commercial refrigeration equipment normally containing more than 50 pounds of refrigerant must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 35 percent of the total charge during a

12-month period.

C2.3.6.3.2. Industrial Process Refrigeration Equipment. Industrial process refrigeration equipment normally containing more than 50 pounds of refrigerant must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed

35 percent of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.6.3.3. Comfort Cooling Appliances. Comfort cooling appliances normally containing more than 50 pounds of refrigerant and not covered by subparagraphs C2.3.6.3. 1. or

C2.3.6.3.2. of this chapter must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 15 percent of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.6.4. ODS Fire Suppression Agent (Halon) Venting Prohibition. Halons shall not be intentionally released into the environment while testing, maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of halon-containing equipment or using such equipment for technician training. This venting prohibition does NOT apply to the following halon releases:

C2.3.6.4.1. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover halons (i.e., release of residual halon contained in fully discharged total flooding fire extinguishing systems).

C2.3.6.4.2. Emergency releases for the legitimate purpose of fire extinguishing, explosion inertion, or other emergency applications for which the equipment or systems were designed.

C2.3.6.4.3. Releases during the testing of fire extinguishing systems if each of the following is true: systems or equipment employing suitable alternative fire extinguishing agents are not available; release of extinguishing agent is essential to demonstrate equipment functionality;

failure of system or equipment would pose great risk to human safety or the environment; and a simulant agent cannot be used.

C2.3.7. Motor Vehicles. This criteria applies to DoD-owned motor vehicles as defined in paragraph C2.2.8.

C2.3.7.1. All vehicles shall be inspected every two years to ensure that no tampering with factory-installed emission control equipment has occurred.

C2.3.7.2. If available on the local economy, use only unleaded gasoline in vehicles that are designed for this fuel.

C2.3.8. Stack Heights. Hg is the good engineering practice stack height necessary to minimize downwash of stack emissions due to aerodynamic influences from nearby structures.

C2.3.8.1. Stacks shall be designed and constructed to heights at least equal to the largest Hg calculated from either of the following two criteria:

C2.3.8.1.1. Hg = H +_1.5L, where H is the height of the nearby structure measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stack, and L is the lesser of height or projected width of the nearby structure(s). A structure is determined to be nearby when the stack is located within 5L of the structure envelope but not greater than 0.8 km (0.5 mile). This calculation shall be performed for each structure nearby the stack being studied to determine the greatest Hg.

C2.3.8.1.2. Hg is the height demonstrated by a fluid model or a field study, which ensures that the emissions from a stack do not result in maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant as a result of atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects created by the source itself, nearby structures, or nearby terrain features at least 40 percent in excess of the maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant experienced in the absence of such atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects. For purposes of this paragraph, “nearby” means not greater than 0.8 km (0.5 mile), except that the portion of a terrain feature may be considered to be nearby which falls within a distance of up to 10 times the maximum height (Ht) of the feature, not to exceed 2 miles if such feature achieves a height (Ht) 0.8 km from the stack that is at least 40 percent of the good engineering practice stack height determined by the formulae provided in C2.3.8.1.1. of this part or 26 meters, whichever is greater, as measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack. The height of the structure or terrain feature is measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack.

C2.4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

C2.4.1. Ambient Air Quality Standards. Ambient air quality standards that cannot be exceeded are included in Table C2.T5.

C2.4.2. If a hazardous healthcare waste treatment facility is in operation, maintain records of the concentration of emissions released into the atmosphere as a result of the treatment process.

C2.4.3. Table C2.T6. provides the guidelines regulating the standards of emissions resulting from the incineration of hazardous healthcare wastes.

C2.4.4. If the DOD is going to manufacture or use controlled substances, appliances, equipment and products that are harmful to the ozone layer, DoD is allowed to use or manufacture Ozone

Depleting Substances listed in Table C2.T7.

Table C2.T1. Emission Standards for Steam Generating Units a

Fuel Type

Maximum Design Heat Input Capacity

10 – 100 million BTU/hr Size >100 million BTU/hr

PM Opacity b

SO2

c PM Opacity b

SO2

c NOX d

Gaseous N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.20

Gaseous - Coal Derived N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.50

Liquid Fossil Fuel N/A 20% 0.50 e

0.10 20% 0.80 0.30

Solid Fossil Fuel 0.10 20% 1.20 0.10 20% 1.20 0.70

Other Solid Fuel f

0.30 20% N/A 0.20 20% N/A N/A

N/A = Not applicable.

a. Standards apply to units constructed or substantially modified after 1 October 1994. Standards do not apply during periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, soot blowing, or when emergency conditions exist. Unless specified otherwise, emission standards are in lb/million BTU.

b. The opacity standards do not apply to units < 30 million BTU/hr. The 20% standard applies to the average opacity over a six-minute period. A 30% opacity value is allowed for one six-minute period per hour.

c. SO2 is best controlled and compliance documented by limiting fuel sulfur content.

SO2 emissions (lb/ million BTU) = 0.02 X sulfur content of fuel (%) / heat content of fuel (HHV, million

BTU/lb fuel).

[E.g., for fuel oil with 0.5% sulfur, SO2 = 0.02 X 0.5 / 0.019 = 0.53 lb/million BTU.]

d. Emission limitation for NOX is based on a 30-day rolling average. NOX standard does not apply when a fossil fuel containing at least 25% by weight of coal refuse is burned in combination with gaseous, liquid, or other solid fossil fuel.

e. Instead of 0.5 lb/million BTU of SO2, fuel oil combustion units may comply with a 0.5% average fuel sulfur content limit (weight percent) which is statistically equivalent to 0.5 lb/million BTU.

f. Other solid fuels include wood or waste derived fuels.

Table C2.T2. Class I and II Ozone-Depleting Substances

Class I

CFC - 11 CFC - 114 CFC - 215 Halon - 1211

CFC - 12 CFC - 115 CFC - 216 Halon - 1301

CFC - 13 CFC - 211 CFC - 217 Halon - 2402

CFC - 111 CFC - 212 Carbon Tetrachloride

CFC - 112 CFC - 213 Methyl Chloroform

CFC - 113 CFC - 214 Methyl Bromide

CHFBr2 C2H2F3Br C3HF6Br C3H3F4Br

HBFC-2201 (CHF2Br) C2H3FBr2 C3H2FBr5 C3H4FBr3

CH2FBr C2H3F2Br C3H2F2Br4 C3H4F2Br2

C2HFBr4 C2H4FBr C3H2F3Br3 C3H4F3Br

C2HF2Br3 C3HFBr6 C3H2F4Br2 C3H5FBr2

C2HF3Br2 C3HF2Br5 C3H2F5Br C3H5F2Br

C2HF4Br C3HF3Br4 C3H3FBr4 C3H6FBr

C2H2FBr3 C3HF4Br3 C3H3F2Br3 Chlorobromomethane

C2H2F2Br2 C3HF5Br2 C3H3F3Br2 Class II

HCFC - 21 HCFC - 133a HCFC - 225cb HCFC - 243

HCFC - 22 HCFC – 141b HCFC - 226 HCFC - 244

HCFC - 31 HCFC – 142b HCFC - 231 HCFC - 251

HCFC - 121 HCFC - 151 HCFC - 232 HCFC - 252

HCFC - 122 HCFC - 221 HCFC - 233 HCFC - 253

HCFC - 123 HCFC - 222 HCFC - 234 HCFC - 261

HCFC - 124 HCFC - 223 HCFC - 235 HCFC - 262

HCFC - 131 HCFC - 224 HCFC - 241 HCFC - 271

HCFC - 132b HCFC - 225ca HCFC - 242

Note: All isomers of the above chemicals are ODS, except isomers of (1,1,1 -trichloroethane (also known as methyl chloroform)) such as 1,1,2-trichloroethane.

* Where a range of ODPs is indicated, the highest value in that range shall be used for the purposes of the Protocol. The

ODPs listed as a single value have been determined from calculations based on laboratory measurements. Those listed as a range are based on estimates and are less certain. The range pertains to an isomeric group. The upper value is the estimate of the ODP of the isomer with the highest ODP, and the lower value is the estimate of the ODP of the isomer with the lowest ODP.

** Identifies the most commercially viable substances with ODP values listed against them to be used for the purposes of the Protocol.

24 CHAPTER 2

Table C2.T3. Emission Standards for Incinerators

Pollutant Emission Standards

Incinerator Type Existing MWC units MWC units that begin new construction or undergo substantial modification

CISWI units

Rated Capacity 35-250 tpd > 250 tpd

35-250 tpd > 250 tpd All units

Particulate 70 mg/dscm 27 mg/dscm 24 mg/dscm 70 mg/dscm

Opacity 10 percent 10 percent 10 percent

NOx N/A See Note 3 500 ppmv 1 50ppmv 388 ppmv

SO2 50% reduction or 77 ppmv

75% reduction or 29 ppmv

80% reduction or 30 ppmv 20 ppmv

Dioxins/furans 125 ng/dscm See Note 4 13 ng/dscm 0.41 ng/dscm

Cadmium 0.10 mg/dscm 0.040 mg/dscm 0.020 mg/dscm 0.004 mg/dscm

Lead 1.6 mg/dscm 0.44 mg/dscm 0.20 mg/dscm 0.04 mg/dscm

Mercury 85% reduction or 0.080 mg/dscm 85% reduction or 0.080 mg/dscm 0.47 mg/dscm

HCl 50% reduction or 250 ppmv

95% reduction or 29 ppmv

80% reduction or 30 ppmv

95% reduction or 25 ppmv

62 ppmv

Fugitive Ash 5% of hourly observation period 5% of hourly observation period N/A

Notes:

1 Emission standard concentrations (mg/dscm, ppmv) are corrected to 7% oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. mg/dscm = milligram per dry standard cubic meter, ng = nanogram, ppm = parts per million.

2 Construction or modifications that were undertaken pursuant to existing (or previous) FGS are not subject to these requirements. These criteria are not intended to require retrofitting of MWC units.

3 NOx limits for units rated > 250 tons/day (tpd) capacity: mass burn refractory-no limit; mass burn waterwall-205 ppmv; mass burn rotary waterwall:

250 ppmv; refuse-derived fuel combustor-250 ppmv; fluidized bed combustor-180 ppmv.

4 Dioxins/furans limits for units rated >250 tpd capacity: MWC with electrostatic precipitator (ESP)-60 ng/dscm; MWC with non-ESP-30 ng/dscm.

http://conditions.mg/dscm

Table C2.T4. Carbon Monoxide Operating Limits for Incinerators

Incinerator Type Existing MWC units

MWC units that begin new construction or undergo substantial modification

CISWI

units

All units

Rated Capacity 35-250 tpd 35-250 tpd 35-250 tpd > 250 tpd All

Fluidized bed 100 ppmv (4-hr avg) 100 ppmv (4-hr avg)

157 ppmv

Fluidized bed, mixed fuel, (wood/refuse-derived fuel)

200 ppmv (24-hour average) 200 ppmv

(24-hr avg)

100 ppmv

(4-hr avg)

Mass burn rotary refractory 100 ppmv

(4-hr avg)

100 ppmv (4-hr avg)

100 ppmv (24-hr avg)

Mass burn rotary waterwall 250 ppmv (24-hr avg) 100 ppmv (24-hr avg)

Mass burn waterwall and refractory 100 ppmv (4-hr avg) 100 ppmv (4-hr avg)

Mixed fuel-fired, (pulverized coal/refuse-derived fuel)

150 ppmv (4-hr avg) 150 ppmv (4-hr avg)

Modular starved-air and excess air 50 ppmv (4-hr avg) 50 ppmv (4-hr avg)

Spreader stoker, mixed fuel-fired

(coal/refuse-derived fuel)

200 ppmv (24-hr avg) 150 ppmv (24-hr avg)

Stoker, refuse-derived fuel 200 ppmv (24-hr avg) 150 ppmv (24-hr avg)

Notes:

1 Compliance is determined by continuous emission monitoring systems.

2 Construction or modifications that were undertaken pursuant to existing (or previous) FGS are not subject to these requirements. These criteria are not intended to require retrofitting of MWC units.

Table C2.T5. Ambient Air Quality Standards

Pollutant Standard

Average Period Measuring Method ppm µg/m

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

0.169 441 One hour

UV-Fluorescence 0.083 217 24 hours

0.076 65 One year

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) 0.140 200 One hour UV-Fluorescence

0.030 40 24 hours

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 0.350 660 One hour Chemiluminscence

0.050 100 One year

Ozone (O3)

0.120 235 One hour

UV-Fluorescence

0.080 157 8 hours

(PM10) inhalable Particulates 340 24 hours

80 One hour

Carbon Monoxide (CO) 35 40,000 One hour

Non Dispersive IR 9 10,000 8 hours

Nonmetha Hydrocarbons 0.24 160 3 hours GC-FID\PID

Lead (Pb) NA NA 24 hours Gravimetry + AAS

Sulfates (SO4) 23 24 hours Gravimetry + Ion Chromatograph

Fluorides (F) 1.0 One month Colorimetric

Ammonia (NH3) 0.8 One hour Chemiluminscence

Table C2.T6. Guidelines Regulating the Standards of Emissions Resulting From the Incineration of Hazardous Healthcare Wastes

Pollutants Measurements

Total suspended particles 34 mg/m

(1) (modified to 7% Oxygen )

Opacity 10 % except for 6 minutes during any hour

Carbon monoxide 50 mg/m

Brimstone dioxide 150 mg/m

Hydrogen chloride 100 mg/m or removal of at least 97 %

Nitrogen oxides 400 mg/m

Organic compounds 8 parts out of million or removal of at least 99.99 %

Hydrogen fluoride 5mg/m

Dioxin and furan 125 ng/m cadmium 0.16 mg/m

Lead 1.2 mg/m arsenic 1.2 mg/m mercury 0.55 mg/m

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C3. CHAPTER 3

DRINKING WATER

C3.1. SCOPE

This Chapter contains criteria for providing potable water.

C3.2. DEFINITIONS

C3.2.1. Action Level. The concentration of a substance in water that establishes appropriate treatment for a water system.

C3.2.2. Appropriate DoD Medical Authority. The medical professional designated by the in-theater DoD Component commander to be responsible for resolving medical issues necessary to provide safe drinking water at the DoD Component’s installations.

C3.2.3. Artesian Water. Water obtained from a confined aquifer. A confinded aquifer is usually above the normal water table and the water is confined by an impermeable layer of soil or rock above and below the water. The water can be under pressure.

C3.2.4. Concentration/Time (CT). The product of residual disinfectant concentration, C, in milligrams per liter (mg/L) determined before or at the first customer, and the corresponding disinfectant contact time, T, in minutes. CT values appear in Tables C3.T11. through C3.T24.

C3.2.5. Conventional Treatment. Water treatment, including chemical coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration.

C3.2.6. Diatomaceous Earth Filtration. A water treatment process of passing water through a precoat of diatomaceous earth deposited onto a support membrane while additional diatomaceous earth is continuously added to the feed water to maintain the permeability of the precoat, resulting in substantial particulate removal from the water.

C3.2.7. Direct Filtration. Water treatment, including chemical coagulation, possibly flocculation, and filtration, but not sedimentation.

C3.2.8. Disinfectant. Any oxidant, including but not limited to, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and ozone, intended to kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms in water.

C3.2.9. DoD Water System. A public or non-public water system.

C3.2.10. Emergency Assessment. Evaluation of the susceptibility of the water source, treatment, storage and distribution system(s) to disruption of service caused by natural disasters, accidents, and sabotage.

C3.2.11. First Draw Sample. A one-liter sample of tap water that has been standing in plumbing at least six hours and is collected without flushing the tap.

C3.2.12. Groundwater Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water (GWUDISW). Any water below the surface of the ground with significant occurrence of insects or other microorganisms, algae, or large diameter pathogens such as Giardia lamblia; or significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics, such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH, which closely correlate to climatological or surface water conditions.

C3.2.13. Haloacetic Acids. The sum of the concentrations in milligrams per liter of the haloacetic acid compounds (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid), rounded to two significant figures after addition.

C3.2.14. Lead-free. A maximum lead content of 0.2% for solder and flux, and 8.0% for pipes and fittings.

C3.2.15. Lead Service Line. A service line made of lead that connects the water main to the building inlet, and any lead pigtail, gooseneck, or other fitting that is connected to such line.

C3.2.16. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL). The maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water that is delivered to the free-flowing outlet of the ultimate user of a public water system except for turbidity for which the maximum permissible level is measured after filtration. Contaminants added to the water under circumstances controlled by the user, except those resulting from the corrosion of piping and plumbing caused by water quality, are excluded.

C3.2.17. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL). The level of a disinfectant added for water treatment measured at the consumer’s tap, which may not be exceeded without the unacceptable possibility of adverse health effects.

C3.2.18. Point-of-Entry (POE) Treatment Device. A treatment device applied to the drinking water entering a facility to reduce contaminants in drinking water throughout the facility.

C3.2.19. Point-of-Use (POU) Treatment Device. A treatment device applied to a tap to reduce contaminants in drinking water at that tap.

C3.2.20. Potable Water. Water that has been examined and treated to meet the standards in this

Chapter, and has been approved as potable by the appropriate DoD medical authority.

C3.2.21. Public Water System (PWS). A system for providing piped water to the public for human consumption, if such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves a daily average of at least 25 individuals at least 60 days of the year. This also includes any collection, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities under control of the operator of such systems, and any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under such control that are used primarily in connection with such systems. A PWS is either a "community water system" or a "non-community system":

C3.2.21.1. Community Water System (CWS). A PWS that has at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents, or which regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents.

C3.2.21.2. Non-Community Water System (NCWS). A PWS that serves the public, but does not serve the same people year-round.

C3.2.21.2.1. Non-transient, Non-community Water System (NTNCWS). A PWS that supplies water to at least 25 of the same people at least six months per year, but not year- round.

Examples include schools, factories, office buildings, and hospitals that have their own water systems.

C3.2.21.2.2. Transient, Non-Community Water System (TNCWS). A PWS that provides water to at least 25 persons (but not the same 25 persons) at least six months per year.

Examples include but are not limited to gas stations, motels, and campgrounds that have their own water sources.

C3.2.22. Sanitary Survey. An on-site review of the water source, facilities, equipment, operation, and maintenance of a public water system to evaluate the adequacy of such elements for producing and distributing potable water.

C3.2.23. Slow Sand Filtration. Water treatment process where raw water passes through a bed of sand at a low velocity (1.2 ft/hr), resulting in particulate removal by physical and biological mechanisms.

C3.2.24. Spring Water. Water flowing naturally from an underground water source through cracks to the ground surface.

C3.2.25. Thermopile Bacteria.