Attachment_1_PS_ICWG_18_Aug_2014.pdf
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- Attached to
- Intermediate Cold Weather Gloves (ICWG).
- Solicitation number
- M67854-14-R-1028
- Issued by
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United States Marine Corps
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Attachment 1 Performance Specification
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INCH-POUND
MC/PD 1-2014 SYSCOM
18 Aug 2014
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION
GLOVE, INTERMEDIATE COLD WEATHER (ICWG), U.S. MARINE CORPS
The United States Marine Corps has approved this document for use.
1. SCOPE.
1.1 Scope. This document covers the requirements for the U.S. Marine Corps Intermediate Cold Weather Glove. This item is intended for wear by military personnel of the Department of Defense during cold weather conditions.
1.2 Classifications. The Intermediate Cold Weather Glove will be in the following sizes:
Schedule of Sizes
Sizes. The glove sizes are as follows:
SMALL MEDIUM LARGE XLARGE XXLARGE
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in section 3 or 4 of this specification. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this specification or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements cited in sections 3 or 4 of this specification, whether or not they are listed.
Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be used in improving this document should be addressed to: Natick Soldier Systems Center, MCSC, PdM-ICE, NSRDEC-RDNS-WPP, Natick, MA 01760
AMSC N/A. FSC 8440
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release.
2.2 Government documents.
2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents shall be cited in the solicitation or contract (see 6.1).
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS
MIL-DTL-32075 Label: For Clothing, Equipage, and Tentage, (General Use) MIL-DTL-31011 Cloth, Waterproof and Moisture Vapor Permeable MIL-T-43566 Tape, Textile, Cotton or Polyester, General Purpose, Natural or In Colors MIL-PRF-5038 Tape, Textile and Webbing, Textile, Reinforcing, Nylon A-A-55126 Fastener Tapes, Hook and Loop, Synthetic A-A-59826 Thread, Nylon
(Copies of these documents are available online at http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Bldg. 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)
2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications. The following other Government documents, drawings, and publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.
BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO AND FIREARMS, DEPARTMENT OF THE
TREASURY
Formulas for Denatured Alcohol (27 CFR Part 21)
(Applications for copies of referenced document should be addressed to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Department of the Treasury, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, DC 20226)
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Regulations for the Enforcement of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (40 CFR Part 162)
(Applications for copies of referenced documents should be addressed to the Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460)
2.3 Non-Government standards and other publications. The following document(s) form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract (see 6.1).
http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF TEXTILE CHEMISTS AND COLORISTS (AATCC)
AATCC 8 Colorfastness to Crocking; Crockmeter Method AATCC 16 Colorfastness to Light AATCC 22 Water Repellency – Spray Test AATCC 61 Colorfastness to Laundering, Home and Commercial; Accelerated AATCC 118 Oil Repellency: Hydrocarbon Resistance Test AATCC 127 Water Resistance: Hydrostatic Pressure Test AATCC 135 Dimensional Changes of Fabrics after Home Laundering AATCC Evaluation Procedure 9 – Visual Assessment of Color Difference of Textiles
(Copies of these documents are available online at http://www.aatcc.org or AATCC, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2125.)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY (ASQ)
ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Table for Inspection by Attributes (DoD adopted)
(Copies for these documents are available online at http://www/asq.org/ or from American Society for Quality, P.O. Box 3005, 611 North Plankinton Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53201.)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
ASTM D 751 Water Resistance of Cloth; Water Permeability; Hydrostatic
Pressure Method, Strength of Coating ASTM D 1117 Standard Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics
ASTM D 1424 Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling Pendulum (Elmendorf- Type) Apparatus
ASTM D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing ASTM D 1777 Standard Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
ASTM D 1814 Measuring Thickness of Leather Units ASTM D 1876 Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel
Test) ASTM D 1912 Cold-Crack Resistance of Upholstery Leather ASTM D 2209 Tensile Strength of Leather ASTM D 2582 Puncture-Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin
Sheeting ASTM D 2594 Standard Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics
Having Low Power ASTM D 2617 Total Ash in Leather ASTM D 2807 Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation) ASTM D 2810 pH of Leather ASTM D 2821 Measuring the Relative Stiffness of Leather by Means of a
Torsional Wire Apparatus ASTM D 3393 Specification for Coated Fabrics - Waterproofness ASTM D 3495 Hexane Extraction of Leather http://www.aatcc.org/ http://www/asq.org/
ASTM D 3775 Warp and Filling Count of Woven Fabrics ASTM D 3776 Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric ASTM D 3886 Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm
Method) ASTM D 4705 Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole ASTM D 5034 Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test) ASTM-D-5035 Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method) ASTM D 5052 Permeability of Leather to Water Vapor ASTM D 6076 Shrinkage Temperature of Leather ASTM D 6193 Standard Practice for Stitches and Seams ASTM D 6828 Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabric by the Blade/Slot
Procedure ASTM D 7255 Abrasion Resistance of Leather (Rotary Platform, Double-Head
Method) ASTM E 96 Water Vapor Transmission of Materials ASTM F 392 Test Method for Flex Durability of Flexible Barrier Materials ASTM F 903 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in
Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids
(Copies of these documents are available on line at http://www.astm.org or from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-259.)
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
ISO 17075 Leather – Chemical Tests – Determination of Chromium (VI) Content
ISO 15496 Textiles: Measurement of water vapour permeability of textiles for the purpose of quality control (First Edition 2004-05-01)
(Copies of this document are available online at http://www.iso.org or from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 Rue de Varembre, Cae Postale, 56 CH 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland)
NFPA 1971 STANDARD ON PROTECTIVE ENSEMBLE FOR STRUCTURAL FIRE
FIGHTING (2000 EDITION)
Chapter 6-33 Overall Liquid Integrity Test One
(Applications for copies of NFPA Test Methods should be addressed to: National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101)
2.4 Order of precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.
http://www.astm.org/ http://www.iso.org/
3. REQUIREMENTS
3.1 First article. When specified (see 6.1), a sample shall be subjected to first article inspection (see 6.2) in accordance with 4.2.
3.2 Standard sample. The finished glove and design shall match the standard sample (see 6.3) for shade and design and all other characteristics or acceptance criteria for which a standard sample is referenced.
3.3 Design. The Intermediate Cold Weather Glove is designed to be worn in cold weather environments to protect the user from the elements including snow, wind, and ice. The glove shall comply with the requirements listed in the below paragraphs.
The glove shall have a curved finger design (see Figures 3 & 4) and consist of the following: the outside shell shall be constructed from a water repellent stretch-woven nylon (see 3.4.1) and a water resistant leather palm (see 3.4.3). The glove shall have a waterproof breathable insert to stop moisture from being absorbed to the inside of the glove (see 3.4.6). The glove shall be insulated: the back of the hand/fingers shall have a siliconized lofted polyester insulation bonded to brushed tricot(see 3.4.4). The front of the hand/fingers (palm) lining shall be a nylon/polyester velour with a durable water repellent treatment (see 3.4.5) and it shall be laminated to the waterproof insert (see 3.4.6). The gauntlet shall not be insulated, but shall be lined with a nylon ripstop (see 3.4.2). The linings shall be the inner most layers of the glove.
The outside of the glove shall have a feature at the side seam that enables the gloves to be clipped together as a pair when not in use (see 3.4.11).
The palm side of the glove shall be designed as follows: the front of the hand/fingers, as well as the fourchettes, shall be constructed from leather (see 3.4.3). The gauntlet shall extend past the wrist and be elasticized at the inner wrist to provide stretch to accommodate varying wrist widths and provide for a closer fit (see 3.4.7). A pull loop shall be attached at the hem of the gauntlet to provide ease of donning as well as provide a means to attach the glove to other clothing items or equipment (see 3.4.10).
The back of the glove shall be designed as follows: the back hand shall be constructed from the stretch-woven nylon. (see 3.4.1). An additional strip of leather (see 3.4.3) shall be superimposed over the shell material at the knuckles to provide additional knuckle protection (see figure 1-4). The leather shall conform to the shape of the knuckles as shown in Figures 1-4.
A tab shall be attached at the inner side seam and be constructed from leather and loop tape, with its corresponding hook tape attached to the gauntlet (see 3.4.8 and 3.4.9). This hook and loop tape tab allows for an adjustable fit around the wrist at the bottom of the gauntlet. See Figures 1
– 4).
The glove shall have a label to identify the item, its size, and use and care instructions.
3.4 Materials and components. The materials and components shall conform to applicable specifications, standards, drawings, and patterns required herein.
3.4.1 Basic Shell Material. The cloth for the glove shall be a stretch-woven, 91% Nylon, 9% Spandex blend. The surface cloth shall be water repellent treated and shall conform to the requirements listed in Table I. The shade shall be coyote 498.
TABLE I. Shell material characteristics and requirements
Characteristic Requirement Test Method Weight, ounces per square yard 4 – 6.825 ASTM D 3776 Fabric Count, yarns per inch Warp Fill
145 min 65 min
ASTM D 3775
Break Strength, pounds
200 min 150 min
ASTM D 5034
Tear Strength, pounds
25 min 9 min
ASTM D 1424
Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate, grams/square meter/24 hours
1050 min
ASTM E96
Method B 1/
Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate, grams/square meter/24
6,000 min
ASTM E96
Method BW 2/
Drying Time, minutes 75 max See 4.5.1 Spray Rating (Face) Initial
100, 100, 90 min
AATCC 22
Puncture Propagation, kilograms
5.0 min
5.0 min
ASTM D 2582, 3/
Dimensional Stability, %
3 max 3 max
AATCC 135, 120F Wash, Tumble Dry Normal
Stretch, %
10 – 13% 12 – 15%
ASTM D 2594
1/ The hand side of the fabric shall face the water. The free stream air velocity shall be
550 + 50 fpm as measured two inches above the fabric specimen. The air flow shall be measured at least 2 inches from any other surface. The test shall be run for 24 hours and weight measurements shall be taken at only the start and completion of the test. At the start of the 24-hour test period, the air gap between the water surface and the back of the specimen shall be 3/4 + 1/16 inch. Five specimens shall be tested.
2/ The hand side shall face the water. The free stream air velocity shall be 550 + 50 fpm as measured 2 inches above the fabric specimen. The air flow shall be measured at least 2 inches from any other surface. The test shall run for 2 hours and weight measurements shall be taken at only the start and completion of the test. Five specimens shall be tested. The specimen shall be sealed in any manner which prevents wicking and/or leaking of water out of the cup.
3/ Five individual 6” x 8” specimens warp direction and five specimens 6” x 8” fill direction shall be tested and the average force shall be reported as the PPT resistance.
Condition specimens 70oF 65% RH prior to testing. Use the standard drop height of 20 inches. Read tear length to nearest 0.5 mm.
3.4.2 Lining Material, Gauntlet. The lining material used on the inside of the glove gauntlet shall be a water repellent coated 1.9 oz. 70 denier nylon ripstop and shall conform to the requirements listed in Table II. The shade shall be black.
TABLE II. Lining material characteristics and requirements
Weight, ounces per square yard 2 – 2.5 ASTM D 3776 Fabric Count, yarns per inch
100 min 85 min
ASTM D 3775
Break Strength, pounds
130 min 110 min
ASTM D 5034
Tear Strength, pounds
2.0 min
3.5 min
ASTM D 1424
Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate, grams/square meter/24 hours
150 min ASTM E96 Method B, 1/
Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate, grams/square meter/24 hours
250 min ASTM E96 Method BW, 2/
Dimensional Stability, %
2.0 max
2.0 max
AATCC 135, Normal Cycle at 120F, Tumble Dry
Normal Drying Time, minutes 30 max See 4.5.1 Spray Rating (Face)
100, 100, 90
AATCC 22
1/ The hand side of the fabric shall face the water. The free stream air velocity shall be
550 + 50 fpm as measured two inches above the fabric specimen. The air flow shall be measured at least 2 inches from any other surface. The test shall be run for 24 hours and weight measurements shall be taken at only the start and completion of the test. At the start of the 24-hour test period, the air gap between the water surface and the back of the specimen shall be 3/4 + 1/16 inch. Five specimens shall be tested.
2/ The hand side shall face the water. The free stream air velocity shall be 550 + 50 fpm as measured 2 inches above the fabric specimen. The air flow shall be measured at least 2 inches from any other surface. The test shall run for 2 hours and weight measurements shall be taken at only the start and completion of the test. Five specimens shall be tested. The specimen shall be sealed in any manner which prevents wicking and/or leaking of water out of the cup.
3.4.3 Leather. The leather palm shall be constructed from 0.6 – 0.8 mm flat, soft grain, chrome tanned goatskin. The leather shall be 16% fat liquor, hang-dried, and slocum staker and water resistant treated. The color shall approximate the shade of the shell material and shall be drum dyed, struck through from grain to flesh. The finished leather shall conform to the requirements listed in Table III.
TABLE III. Leather characteristics and requirements
Thickness, ounces 1.5 – 2.0 ASTM D 1814 Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate, grams/square meter/24
400 min
ASTM D 5052
Water Absorption Resistance, % absorption
80% - 5 max See 4.5.2
Oil and Stain Resistance, Grade 5 min
AATCC 118
Abrasion Resistance at 1000 cycles with CS-10 wheel and 500g load, %
10 max ASTM D 7255
Stiffness, degrees 80% – 60 max
ASTM D 2821
Stitch Tear, pounds 80% – 17 min
ASTM D 4705
Elongation at 25 pound load, %, Incl 3 Grain Cracks
80% – 25 min ASTM D 2209
Shrink Temp, degrees Celsius 98 + 0.5 min
ASTM D 6076
Cold Crack Resistance, degrees Celsius
-15 min ASTM D 1912
3.4.3.1 Chemical requirements. The leather shall conform to the chemical requirements in Table IV when tested as specified.
TABLE IV. Chemical requirements
Hexane soluble material, percent 1/ 25 max ASTM D 3495 Chromic oxide, percent 1/ 3.0 min ASTM D 2807 pH value 3.3 min ASTM D 2810 Total ash, percent 1/ 9.0 max ASTM D 2617 Determination of Chromium (VI) Content, mg/kg
< 3 ISO 17075
1/ Calculated on moisture-free basis.
3.4.3.2 Toxicity. The finished glove shall not present a health hazard when used as intended and tested as specified in Table IV.
3.4.4 Insulation, Back of Hand. The insulation at the back of the hand shall be comprised of a 5 oz/yd2 siliconized lofted polyester insulation laminated to moisture-wicking poly/hydrofil slip tricot.
3.4.5 Lining Material, Palm. The front of the hand/fingers (palm) lining shall be comprised of a 52% Polyester/38% Nylon/10% Spandex blend to provide insulation. The weight shall be approximately 9.5 oz/sq yd (+/-7.5%). The color shall be coyote 498. The lining material shall be laminated to the waterproof insert.
3.4.6 Insert, Waterproof. The waterproof insert shall be constructed from a waterproof, moisture vapor permeable film laminate. At least one of the film layers shall be a microporous Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The insert shall be properly sized to fit around the glove insulation. The insert shall be designed so that it can be securely affixed inside the glove, such that it cannot be pulled out when the hand is removed. The finished insert shall be manufactured in such a way that it meets the requirements below when tested as specified in 4.4.3. Take special note that the insert has no distinction between face and back and may be accidentally inverted in use; refer to end item for proper side to test. The waterproof insert shall conform to the requirements listed in Table V.
TABLE V. Waterproof insert requirements
Weight 3.3 oz/sq. yd maximum
ASTM D3776, 1/
Thickness 0.007inches maximum ASTM D1777, 2/ Insert Laminate Water Vapor Transmission Rate ISO Method
Method B (hand-side to water)
Method BW (hand-side to water)
4,300 g/m2/day minimum 580 g/m2/day minimum 7,000 g/m2/day
ISO 15496, 3/
ASTM E96, 4/
ASTM E96, 5/
Insert Laminate Cut Strip Break Strength
5.8 lbs. minimum
7.0 lbs. minimum
ASTM D5035
Insert Seam Strength 4.5 lbs. minimum ASTM D1876, 6/ Insert Laminate Water Permeability after Universal Wear Abrasion Test
250 cycles, no leakage ASTM D751, 7/
ASTM D3886, 8/
Insert Laminate Water Permeability after Cold Gelbo Flex
5,000 cycles (0oF), no leakage
ASTM D751, 7/
ASTM F392, 9/
Insert Laminate Chemical Penetration Resistance (ASTM F903 with JP8)
No leakage ASTM F903, 13/
Insert Laminate Mullen Hydrostatic Resistance
After DEET (diethyltoluamide insect repellent reagent)
20 psi minimum 16 psi minimum
ASTM D751, 10/
ASTM D751, 10/, 11/
Insert Laminate Sustained Mullen Hydrostatic Resistance After DEET (diethyltoluamide insect repellent reagent)
10 psi
ASTM D3393, 11/,
12/
Insert Laminate Water Permeability after DEET (diethyltoluamide insect repellent reagent)
16 hours exposure, no leakage
ASTM D751, 7/, 11/
Insert Laminate and Thermal Liner Stiffness 105 grams maximum ASTM D6828, 14/
1/ Five 3.5 inch diameter circle specimens shall be tested. The individual and mean weight of the five specimens shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 ounces per square yard.
2/ Five 3.5 inch diameter circle specimens shall be tested. Pressure foot shall be 1.129 inches diameter applying a load of 0.125 lbs/in2. The individual and mean thickness of the five specimens shall be reported to the nearest 0.001 inches.
3/ The hand side of the insert shall face the water. Five specimens shall be tested.
4/ The hand side of the insert shall face the water. The free stream air velocity shall be 550 + 50 fpm as measured two inches above the fabric specimen. The air flow shall be measured at least 2 inches from any other surface. The test shall be run for 24 hours and weight measurements shall be taken at only the start and completion of the test. At the start of the 24-hour test period, the air gap between the water surface and the back of the specimen shall be 3/4 + 1/16 inch. Five specimens shall be tested.
5/ The hand side of the insert shall face the water. The free stream air velocity shall be 550 + 50 fpm as measured 2 inches above the fabric specimen. The air flow shall be measured at least 2 inches from any other surface. The test shall run for 2 hours and weight measurements shall be taken at only the start and completion of the test. Five specimens shall be tested. The specimen shall be sealed in any manner which prevents wicking and/or leaking of water out of the cup.
6/ A minimum of three specimens shall be tested. Reference ASTM D1876 with the following modifications: Specimens (1 inch x 6 inch) shall be cut from palm of insert to include sealed seam in center of specimen, no conditioning required, tension testing machine head speed 10 inches/minute, report maximum peeling load only.
7/ The water permeability shall be measured as specified in ASTM D-751, Hydrostatic Resistance, Procedure B, with a fixed hydrostatic head of 0.7 lbs/in2 minimum shall be held for 3 minutes minimum, the shell of the insert shall contact the water. Three specimens minimum shall be tested. The report shall include only measurement of the appearance of the water droplets. Leakage is defined as the appearance of one or more droplets anywhere within the 3 ½ inch minimum diameter test area. The test may be performed using any device which tests the same specimen area at the equivalent pressure. In cases of dispute, the apparatus described in Method AATCC 127 shall be used. Test the side of the sample (insert) facing the shell.
8/ Test 5 samples abrading the side of insert facing shell. Note that the insert is used in an inverted state so the inside of the insert shall face the abradant. The abrasion test shall be conducted in the multidirectional mode using 0 emery paper as the abradant.
Use a solid rubber diaphragm without electrical contact (grounding) pin. The diaphragm shall have a smooth surface without bumps. Use diaphragm inflated to 4 +/- 0.25 psi. A load of 1 lb. shall be applied to the abradant. The test mode shall be 100 double strokes per revolution. Once abrasion is complete, specimens shall be tested using Water permeability test method as described in footnote below. In cases of dispute, Norton A621 Emery Grit: 0 shall be used.
9/ One specimen, 8 inches by 12 inches, shall be cut from the sample unit with the eight inch side in warp direction and one specimen with the eight inch side in the fill direction. The specimen shall be conditioned at 0oF for one hour and flexed as specified in ASTM F392 except the specimen shall not be aged, the short edges shall not be heat sealed or otherwise joined, and the specimen shall be flexed for 5,000 cycles. At the end of the flexing, the specimen shall be removed from the test chamber and conditioned prior to testing for water permeability. Test two sites for leakage at completion of flex using same conditions and inspection criteria as footnote above.
10/ Test five samples. ASTM D751 (Hydrostatic Resistance Procedure A1). No restraining or supporting fabrics are to be used during the testing. Test the side of the sample (insert) facing the shell.
11/ The specimen, 4 inches minimum by 4 inches minimum, shall be laid flat on a glass plate. Three drops of the test liquid DEET (as described below) shall be applied to the center of the specimen. Test the exterior side of the sample. A glass plate of the same dimensions shall be placed on the specimen and a four-pound weight placed in the center of the glass plate of the assembly. After 16 hours, remove the specimen and test immediately for hydrostatic resistance. The insect repellent reagent, DEET, shall be a solution of 75% by weight (min) of diethyltoluamide and the remainder denatured alcohol. The diethyltoluamide component of the solution shall be a technical grade and contain N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide of not less than 95% purity and the remainder shall consist of entirely or a mixture of ortho or para isomers of N, N-diethyltoluamide. The denatured alcohol component of the solution shall be ethanol, U.S.P. 94.9% by volume and denatured in accordance with Code of Federal Regulations 27 CFR 21, Formula 40 (see 2.2.2). The insect repellent must be registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in accordance with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 40 CFR Part 162 (see 2.1.2). (For guidance purposes only, DEET insect repellent conforming to A-A- 59104 has been used successfully as a reagent in testing.)
12/ ASTM D-3393 except that the water pressure listed in Table V shall be used. A minimum of five specimens shall be tested. Also reference MIL-DTL-31011.
13/ Test 5 samples using exposure Procedure C. Expose exterior side of laminate to the liquid JP8.
14/ Barrier and Liner to be measured together as a laminate or two-layer composite. Use five specimens 4 inches square. Slot width shall be 10 mm. Load cell of 100 g max shall be used. Note that the total force reported is the sum of four individual measurements performed in the locations prescribed by ASTM 6828 (warp/fill/up/down).
3.4.7 Elastic. The elastic shall be attached at the inner wrist using a stretch stitch (such as zig-zag) to gather for a closer fit. It shall be 3/8 inches in width, knit, polyester, and high-stretch.
See Figure 2.
3.4.8 Loop tape. A tab with loop tape shall be attached at the inner side seam of the gauntlet, with its corresponding hook attached to the gauntlet. The loop tape shall be cut to conform to the required die-cut shape and conform to Class 4 of A-A-55126. The hook and loop tab will allow for adjustment of the bottom of the gauntlet for a closer fit. The color shall be Coyote 498. See Figure 1.
3.4.9 Hook tape. The gauntlet shall have hook tape which corresponds with the loop tape tab allowing for a closer fit. The hook tape shall be cut to conform to the required die-cut shape and conform to Type II, Class 4 of A-A-55126. The color shall be Coyote 498. See Figure 1.
3.4.10 Pull Loop. The gauntlet cuff shall have a pull loop securely bar-tacked to the palm side of the glove to provide ease of donning and attachment to other clothing items or equipment.
The pull loop shall be cotton, 5/8 inches in width and conform to Type 1, Class 3 of MIL-T- 43566. The color shall be Coyote 498. See Figure 2.
3.4.11 Clasp. A clasp shall be attached on opposite sides of the left and right glove side seams to allow them to be clipped together as a pair. The clasp shall conform to the ITW Center Release Buckle, Nexus #1002-0038, 3/8 inch, or equal. The color shall be Coyote 498; black may be used as an alternate. See Figures 1 & 2.
3.4.11.1 Binding Tape. The clasp shall be attached at the side seams using binding tape.
The tape shall be nylon, 3/8 inches in width and conform to Type III of MIL-PRF-5038. The color shall be Coyote 498; black may be used as an alternate. See Figures 1 & 2.
3.4.12 Thread. The thread for all construction seams shall conform to GORE® Performance Thread – M1000LTR-L-5, 1000 Denier, or equal. The thread shall be chemical, UV, weather, and fade resistant and be comprised of 100% expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), size 69 (Tex size 50). The color shall be clear providing an automatic color match or coyote to match the glove. As an alternate, nylon thread size letter B (Tex size 45), non-wicking, with a minimum break strength of 6lbs conforming to A-A-59826 Type I, Class B may be used.
The color shall be coyote to match the glove.
3.4.13 Labels. Each glove shall have a combination identification-size label and instruction label. The inscription shall have a minimum font size of 10 points. The inscription legibility, label, and label attachment method shall last the expected life of the glove. The fastness to laundering requirements of MIL-DTL-32075 shall apply. The labels must boldly specify size, identify the item, and provide use and care instructions.
3.4.13.1 Glove combination identification-size label. The label shall be located inside the glove on the back of the wrist of both gloves in a pair. The combination identification-size label shall conform to Type VI, Class 4, MIL-DTL-32075 and shall bear the following inscription:
Identification Information
GLOVE, INTERMEDIATE COLD WEATHER
CONTRACT NO.:
CONTRACTOR’S NAME:
FIBER CONTENT:
Glove Size Label Information Small
TBD
Medium
Large
TBD
X-Large
TBD
XX LARGE
3.4.13.2 Instruction label. The instruction label for the glove shall conform to Type VI, Class 3 of MIL-DTL-32075, and shall include the following information:
Glove Instruction Label Contents
1. Machine wash on regular cycle in cold water.
2. Do not bleach.
3. Drip dry.
4. Do not iron.
5. Do not dryclean.
DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL
3.4.13.3 Combination identification-size-instruction label. As an alternate, a combination identification-size-instruction label may be used conforming to Type VI, Class 14 of MIL-DTL- 32075.
3.4.13.4 Label/tag. Each glove shall have an individual bar code placed on a paper tag for personal clothing items conforming to Type VIII, Class 17 of MIL-DTL-32075. The paper tag shall contain the NSN, and shall be standard bleached sulfate having a basis weight of 100 pounds. The paper used for the tags shall have a smooth finish to accept thermal transfer and direct printing. The tags shall have a hole and shall be attached to each item by a fastener. The tags shall be clearly legible and readable by a scanner.
3.5 Configuration. The following specifics are needed to ensure uniform appearance, comfort and durability in garrison use, combat, and field operations. End item construction and appearance shall conform to the requirements of this document, garment characteristics specified in Table VI, and the finished dimensions as specified in Table IX to maintain item configuration and compliance to end item and component performance tests (See 4.4 and 4.5).
TABLE VI. End item requirements
Garment Characteristic Requirement Test Method Dry thermal insulation, clo 1.0 minimum See 4.5.6 Dry time, hours 52 maximum See 4.5.5 Home laundering durability, # of launderings with no failing seams
15 minimum AATCC 135 – omit dimensional stability, inspect for durability Liner retention, pounds 10 minimum See 4.5.4 Whole glove leak test
OR
Overall liquid integrity
Pass 2 psi @ 5 seconds
Pass
See 4.5.3
NFPA 1971 (2000 edition) Chapter 6-33
3.6 Recycled, recovered, or environmentally preferable materials. Recycled, recovered, or environmentally preferable materials should be used to the maximum extent possible provided that the material meets or exceeds the operational and maintenance requirements, and promotes economically advantageous life cycle costs.
3.7 Construction.
3.7.1 Stitches, seams, and stitching. All stitching shall conform to ASTM D 6193.
TABLE VII. Stitching
Operation Stitch Type Stitches Per Inch Topstitch, single needle stitch, or straight stitch
301 8-12
Single needle overedge 504 6-8 Zig Zag 304 10-12 Baste 301 or 101 8-12
3.7.2 Tacking and backstitching. Ends of seams and rows of stitching with 301 type stitch, when not caught in other seams or stitching, shall be securely backstitched not less than ¼ inch. Thread breaks (all stitch types) shall be secured by stitching back of the break not less than ½ inch.
3.8 Color matching.
3.8.1 Visual shade matching. The color and shade of the basic material shall match the standard sample and shall be a good match to the standard sample under horizon lamplight when tested in accordance with 4.5.7.1.
3.8.2 Colorfastness. The finished glove cloth shall show fastness to: light (after 40
AATCC standard fading hours or 170 Kilojoules); laundering (after 4 cycles) and crocking. The colorfastness of the cloth shall be equal to or better than the standard sample, or equal to or better than a rating of “4” using the AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change and a rating of “3-4” using the AATCC Gray Scale for Staining. The finished cloth shall show fastness to crocking equal to or better than the standard sample or shall have an AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale Rating not lower than 4.0.
3.8.3 Color. The exterior garment materials shall be solid Coyote 498 shade, which comply with visual shade standard in Visual Guide of Colors Used in Military Items. The exterior material(s) shall meet reflectance requirements specified in Table VIII when tested in accordance with AATCC Evaluation Procedure 6 and 9. No shaded parts are allowed on glove exterior. All fabrics shall show good colorfastness (rating 3-4) to crocking, light, and laundering when tested in accordance with AATCC Methods 8, 16 and 61, respectively.
3.8.3.1 Spectral reflectance. The finished outershell cloth shall meet the spectral reflectance values (in percent) for the visible/near infrared wavelength range, 600 to 860 nanometers (nm) for the colors specified in Table VIII as applicable when tested as specified in 4.5.7.2.
TABLE VIII. Spectral reflectance
Wavelengths Coyote 498 Nanometers Min. Max.
600 8 20 620 8 20 640 8 22 660 8 24 680 12 24 700 12 34 720 16 42 740 22 46 760 30 50 780 34 54 800 36 56 820 38 58 840 38 58 860 40 60
3.9 Finished Dimensions. Finished dimensions shall be in accordance with Table IX, and measured in accordance with the footnotes listed for Table IX and Figure 5.
TABLE IX. Glove finished dimensions (inches)
SMALL MEDIUM LARGE XLARGE XXLARGE TOLERANCE
1/ 2-3/8 2-1/2 2-5/8 2-13/16 2-7/8 +/- 1/8 2/ 3-1/4 3-7/16 3-5/8 3-13/16 3-15/16 +/- 1/8 3/ 4-1/8 4-5/16 4-9/16 4-3/4 4-15/16 +/- 1/8 4/ 3-15/16 4-1/16 4-5/16 4-1/2 4-11/16 +/- 1/8 5/ 3 3-1/8 3-5/16 3-7/16 3-9/16 +/- 1/8 6/ 1-11/16 1-13/16 1-15/16 2-1/16 2-1/8 +/- 1/8 7/ 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 2 2-1/8 +/- 1/8 8/ 1-3/4 1-7/8 2 2-1/8 2-1/4 +/- 1/8 9/ 1-11/16 1-13/16 1-15/16 2-1/16 2-13/16 +/- 1/8 10/ 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-13/16 1-15/16 +/- 1/8 11/ 4-5/8 5 5-3/8 5-3/4 6 +/- 1/4 12/ 4-13/16 5-13/16 5-9/16 5-15/16 6-1/4 +/- 1/8 13/ 5-13/16 5-9/16 6 6-7/16 6-3/4 +/- 1/8 14/ 11-3/4 12-5/16 13 13-9/16 14-1/16 +/- 1/4 NOTE: Measurements are flat, not circumference. See Figure 5.
1/ Thumb Length – Measure on palm side from lowest point of thumb/index crotch to thumb tip.
2/ Index Finger Length – Measure on back of hand from lowest point of index/middle finger crotch to finger tip.
3/ Middle Finger Length - Measure back of hand from lowest point of middle/ring finger crotch to finger tip.
4/ Ring Finger Length - Measure on back of hand from lowest point of middle/ring finger crotch to finger tip.
5/ Pinky Finger Length - Measure on back of hand from lowest point of ring/pinky finger crotch to finger tip.
6/ Thumb Width – Measure flat width of back of thumb at midpoint. Determine midpoint by folding thumb in half to thumb/index crotch.
7/ Index Finger Width – Measure flat width of back of index finger at midpoint. Determine midpoint by folding index finger in half to index/middle finger crotch.
8/ Middle Finger Width – Measure flat width of back of middle finger at midpoint.
Determine midpoint by folding middle finger in half to index/middle finger crotch.
9/ Ring Finger Width – Measure flat width of back of ring finger at midpoint. Determine midpoint by folding ring finger in half to middle/ring finger crotch.
10/ Pinky Finger Width – Measure flat width of back of pinky finger at midpoint. Determine midpoint by folding pinky finger in half to ring/pinky finger crotch.
11/ Hand Width – Flatten glove and measure total width back of hand at widest point.
12/ Wrist Width – Flatten glove and measure total width of palm side at wrist elastic, with elastic fully stretched and extended.
13/ Gauntlet Cuff Width – Flatten glove and measure total width of gauntlet at hem.
14/ Total Length – Flatten glove and measure back of hand from gauntlet hem to the middle finger tip.
3.10 Workmanship. The finished glove shall be free from loose thread, foreign matter, and irregular defects that can adversely affect usage or durability. The finished items shall be uniform in quality, free from defects that adversely affect form, fit or function and those defects specified in Table X.
4. VERIFICATION
4.1 Classification of inspections. The inspection requirements specified herein are classified as follows:
1. First article inspection (see 4.2).
2. Conformance inspection (see 4.4).
4.2 First article inspection. A first article inspection when required (see 4.1) shall consist of the examinations and tests specified in Tables I – VI, VIII – X, and XII. The first article inspection shall be unacceptable if these requirements are not met.
4.2.1 First article samples. Unless otherwise specified in the procurement document, first article samples shall be provided. The sample size will be specified in the procurement document. The sample unit shall be one pair of gloves and the lot size shall be expressed in pairs.
4.3 Conformance inspection. In accordance with 4.1, conformance inspection shall include the examination specified in 4.4. Sampling for inspection shall be performed in accordance with ASQC Z1.4.
4.3.1 Conformance inspection samples. Sampling for conformance inspection shall be performed in accordance with ASQC Z1.4 (see 6.2). The sample unit shall be one pair of gloves and the lot size shall be expressed in pairs.
4.4 Component and end item inspection. In accordance with 4.1, components and end items shall be inspected in accordance with all the requirements of referenced specifications, drawings, and standards unless otherwise excluded, amended, modified, or qualified in this specification or applicable purchase document. In addition to testing provisions specified in referenced documents, components shall be tested for the characteristics specified in this specification. Tests shall be conducted with both the specimen and test apparatus under standard conditions as defined in the various ASTM, and AATCC test methods. All requirements are applicable to the sample unit. All test reports shall contain the individual values utilized in expressing final results. The lot shall be unacceptable if one or more sample units fail to meet any test requirement specified.
4.4.1 End item visual examination. The end item shall be visually examined for compliance to
3.3. The glove shall be examined for defects in shade, design, material, construction, and workmanship, with defects classified in accordance with Table X.
TABLE X. Defects
EXAMINATION DEFECT
Glove Pairing Not matched and paired, right and left not same size, wide variation in appearance Not tacked or joined together as specified.
Shell or lining design
Not as specified (incorrect material, pattern, etc.)
Poorly shaped
Shade Shade variation within a part or between parts.
Unacceptable shade change as a result of water repellent treatment application.
Any color not as specified.
Cleanness Spot, stain, excessive thread ends not trimmed or removed, shade stamp marking on outside; odor, affecting appearance or serviceability.
Material and workmanship
Any component part omitted, distorted, full, tight, or twisted; not functioning properly, or defective; any part caught in any unrelated stitching.
Cloth Material: Any hole, cut, tear, smash, burn, drill hole, run, thin place, dye streak, color not as specified, misweave, knot or slub affecting appearance or serviceability.
Leather: Not specified color, not full grain, flesh side not smooth or contains area of course, loose fibers, not clean, stain or foreign matter, hard, boney, loose, spongy leather, hard scar, cut hole.
Seam: Not type specified, puckered, distorted, pleated, wavy, twisted, irregular or open, loose or tight stitch tension, broken or missing thread or stitch, needle chew, visible mend, edge or raised stitching sewn too close to edge resulting in damage to cloth, seam allowance not as specified, visible raw edge - affecting appearance or serviceability.
Bartacks missing, insecure, misplaced, not specified size, stitches loose or broken, bartack not serving intended purpose.
Poorly assembled and affecting serviceability (finger distorted or twisted affecting comfort).
Difference in overall length between front and back of glove is more than ½ inch.
Unwanted permanent fold, pleat, or crease in fabric or garments, affecting appearance or serviceability.
Labels Omitted, incorrect, illegible, not attached where specified; bar-codes omitted, not readable by scanner; human-readable interpretation (HRI) omitted or illegible; bar code not visible on folded, packaged item; bar code attachment causes damage to the item.
Packaging Not packaged in accordance with the contract or purchase order.
4.4.2 Dimensional examination. The end item shall be examined for conformance to the dimensions specified in Table IX.
4.4.3 Component testing. The components (see 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3, 3.4.6, 3.8) shall be tested for characteristics listed in Table XI. The methods of test shall be as specified in Table XI. All test reports shall contain the individual values utilized in expressing the final results.
The testing requirements and test sampling plan shall be as specified in the contract or purchase order.
TABLE XI. Component tests
Characteristic Requirement Paragraph Test Method
Shell material Weight 3.4.1 ASTM D 3776 Fabric count 3.4.1 ASTM D 3775 Break strength 3.4.1 ASTM D 5034 Tear strength 3.4.1 ASTM D 1424 Moisture vapor transmission rate 3.4.1 ASTM E 96, Method B and BW Drying time 3.4.1 See 4.5.1 Spray rating 3.4.1 AATCC 22 Puncture propagation 3.4.1 ASTM D 2582 Dimensional stability 3.4.1 AATCC 135 Stretch 3.4.1 ASTM D 2594 Colorfastness to crocking 3.8.2 AATCC 8 Colorfastness to light 3.8.2 AATCC 16 Colorfastness to laundering 3.8.2 AATCC 61 Color 3.8 See 4.5.7 Spectral Reflectance 3.8.3 See 4.5.7.2 Lining material Weight 3.4.2 ASTM D 3776 Fabric count 3.4.2 ASTM D 3775 Break strength 3.4.2 ASTM D 5034 Tear strength 3.4.2 ASTM D 1424 Moisture vapor transmission rate 3.4.2 ASTM E 96, Method B and BW Drying time 3.4.2 See 4.5.1 Dimensional stability 3.4.2 AATCC 135 Spray rating 3.4.2 AATCC 22 Color 3.8 See 4.5.7 Leather material Thickness 3.4.3 ASTM D 1814 Moisture vapor transmission rate 3.4.3 ASTM D 5052 Water absorption resistance 3.4.3 See 4.5.2 Oil and stain resistance 3.4.3 AATCC 118 Abrasion resistance 3.4.3 ASTM D 7255 Stiffness 3.4.3 ASTM D 2821 Stitch tear 3.4.3 ASTM D 4705 Elongation 3.4.3 ASTM D 2209 Shrink temperature 3.4.3 ASTM D 6076 Cold crack resistance 3.4.3 ASTM D 1912 Color 3.8 See 4.5.7 Hexane soluble material 3.4.3.1 ASTM D 3495
Characteristic Requirement Paragraph Test Method
Chromic oxide 3.4.3.1 ASTM D 2807 pH 3.4.3.1 ASTM D 2810 Total ash 3.4.3.1 ASTM D 2617 Chromium (VI) content 3.4.3.1 ISO 17075 Waterproof Insert Weight 3.4.6 ASTM D3776 Thickness 3.4.6 ASTM D1777 Insert Laminate Water Vapor Transmission Rate ISO Method Method B (hand-side to water) Method BW (hand-side to water)
3.4.6
ISO 15496,
ASTM E96
ASTM E96
Insert Laminate Cut Strip Break Strength
3.4.6 ASTM D5035
Insert Seam Strength 3.4.6 ASTM D1876 Insert Laminate Water Permeability after Universal Wear Abrasion Test
3.4.6 ASTM D751, ASTM D3886
Insert Laminate Water Permeability after Cold Gelbo Flex
3.4.6 ASTM D751,
ASTM F392,
Insert Laminate Chemical Penetration Resistance (ASTM F903 with JP8)
3.4.6 ASTM F903
Insert Laminate Mullen Hydrostatic Resistance Initial After DEET
3.4.6 ASTM D751
Insert Laminate Sustained Mullen Hydrostatic Resistance After DEET
3.4.6 ASTM D3393
Insert Laminate Water Permeability after DEET
3.4.6 ASTM D751
Insert Laminate and Thermal Liner Stiffness
3.4.6 ASTM D6828
4.4.4 End item testing. The finished gloves shall be tested for the characteristics listed in
Table XII according to the specified methods. All test reports shall contain the individual values utilized in expressing the final results. The testing requirement and test sampling plan shall be specified in the contract or purchase order.
TABLE XII. End item requirements
Characteristic Requirement Paragraph Test Method Dry thermal insulation 3.5 See 4.5.6 Home laundering durability 3.5 AATCC 135 – omit shrinkage, inspect for durability.
Whole Glove Leak Test
OR
Overall Liquid Integrity
3.5 See 4.5.3
NFPA 1971 (2000 edition) Chapter 6-33
Liner Retention 3.5 See 4.5.4 Dry Time 3.5 See 4.5.5
4.4.5 In-process examination. Visual and dimensional examinations shall be made at any point or during any phase of the manufacturing process to determine whether construction details which cannot be examined in the finished product are in accordance with requirements specified in section 3. Materials and components, which can be classified, as a defect in accordance with Table IX and X shall be removed from production.
4.5 Examinations and tests.
4.5.1 Drying Time Test Method.
Apparatus and Materials:
Wringer (motor driven) (see notes) Laboratory balance, accurate to 0.01g White AATCC Textile Blotting Paper, 25 x 25 cm (see notes) Water, distilled 250 ml glass beaker
Test Specimens:
The fabric samples and blotting paper should be conditioned at 65 +/- 2% RH and 70 +/- 2ºF for a minimum of 4 hours.
3 test specimens per sample, 2 x 2 inches.
Procedure:
1. Test shall be run in standard conditions, 65 +/-2% RH and 70 +/- 2ºF.
2. Weigh the conditioned specimen using a laboratory balance accurate to 0.01g. A wire mesh kitchen/bathroom sink strainer may be used by placing it on the weighing pan of the lab balance in an inverted manner and taring its weight before the measurement of any specimen weight.
3. Place 100 mls of distilled water into a 250 ml glass beaker.
4. Submerge the specimen in the beaker of water for 30 minutes. Make certain that the specimen is completely submerged to insure complete wetting.
5. Remove the specimen and sandwich it between two pieces of unused blotting paper. Pass the sandwich through the wringer with a dead weight load of 27.7 +/- 0.5 kg.
6. Immediately place specimen on the balance with top door of the balance open, side doors closed and record wet weight either to the nearest 0.01 or 0.1 grams. (Degree of dryness shall be determined by the user.) Manually monitor weight at set intervals until dry or use an automated balance with capability to weigh specimen until dry (see notes). Record time to dry.
7. Repeat for remaining specimens. Average the 3 specimens.
Notes:
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Wringer, (motor driven) see AATCC 70 footnote 11.2.
Blotting Paper see AATCC footnote 11.3.
Suitable Automation Software for a balance, Labtronics Inc., Web: www.labtronics.com
4.5.2 Water Absorption Resistance Test. One 3-inch diameter specimen shall be tested from each 12 by 12 test area. Prior to testing, the specimen shall be allowed to reach moisture equilibrium in the standard conditions environment. A stainless steel 500 mL, 3-inch diameter, 5-inch long container with a rubber gasket and cover shall be used to test the specimen. The specimen shall first be weighed (to the nearest 0.01 g) and then shall be placed inside the cover with the flesh side of the specimen next to the inside of the cover. Place the rubber gasket inside the cover and against the grain surface of the leather specimen. Add 100 mL of distilled or deionized water at 23°C to the container. Secure the cover with the specimen and gasket to the container. Invert the container so the water is against the grain surface of the specimen. Place the inverted container on a flat surface and allow it to remain in the inverted position for 30 minutes. At the end of 30 minutes place the container upright, remove the cover, and place in on a flat surface. The inside of the cover shall face the flat surface. Tilt the cover so the outer edge of the bottom is raised 1-1.5 inches from the flat surface, and allow it to drain for 5 minutes.
After 5 minutes immediately remove the specimen from the cover, hold the specimen by its edge and shake briskly once to remove any free moisture from the surface of the specimen.
Immediately reweigh the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g, and calculate the percent water absorption as follows:
Percent water absorption = ((W2 – W1) x 100) /W1
W1 = Original weight of conditioned specimen.
W2 = Weight of specimen after being subject to water.
4.5.3 Whole glove leak test. The finished glove shall be tested for leakage in accordance with 4.5.3.1, 4.5.3.2, and 4.5.3.3. The lot size shall be expressed in units of gloves. The sample unit shall be one glove, and the selection shall be by pairs. Any test failure shall be cause for rejection of the lot.
4.5.3.1 Testing apparatus. The test apparatus shall consist of a 3 inch inside diameter tubular rigid polyvinyl chloride test chamber approximately 12 inches in length. The chamber shall be capped approximately 2 inches from the bottom with the cap having a ½ inch diameter plastic air escape tube approximately 3 inches long. The test chamber shall be oriented vertically and placed in a container filled with approximately 1 inch of water such that the escape tube vents to the outside of the chamber, with the end of the tube under the water. The top of tube shall be beveled at a 45 degree angle on the inside. The top plug shall consist of polyethylene, approximately 4 inches in height, and 4 inches in diameter at the top tapering to approximately 2 inches in diameter at the bottom. An air passage shall be provided vertical through the plug and connected via nominal ½ inch tubing through a gage and air regulator to an oil-free compressed air source. A mechanism shall be provided that is capable of reproducibly clamping the plug into the end of the tube such that a seal is provided. An equivalent to the apparatus as mentioned above shall be qualified by US Army, Natick Soldier Center.
Note: The Whole Glove Leak Tester is covered by US Patent 4,776,209.
4.5.3.2 Testing procedure. The glove shall be inserted into the test chamber to near the cuff. The plug shall be inserted into the cuff of the glove and clamped such that a seal that holds not less than 4 psi is formed with the beveled edge of the test chamber.
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