FA301618B0005_SOW_Appendix_B3.pdf

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 361

ITEM

533 CLEANING AND REMOVAL OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND

MARKERS

533.1. DESCRIPTION: Clean both concrete and asphaltic surfaces prior to the placement of pavement markings/markers and/or for removal of existing pavement markings and raised pavement markers.

533.2. MATERIALS: The blasting medium shall be a quality commercial product capable of producing the specified surface cleanliness without the deposition of deleterious materials on the cleaned surface.

533.3. EQUIPMENT: All equipment shall be of sufficient capacity to efficiently and economically clean the roadway surface to the specified cleanliness. Equipment shall be power driven and in good operating condition. Equipment shall utilize moisture and oil traps, in working order, of sufficient capacity to remove contaminants from the air and prevent deposition of moisture, oil or other contaminants on the roadway surface.

533.4. CONSTRUCTION: Unless otherwise shown on the plans, acceptable methods of removal for asphaltic pavements include heat scarification, blasting, and mechanical methods. Grinding is not an acceptable mechanical method unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Blasting is the only acceptable method for removal or cleaning of a portland cement concrete surfaced pavement.

A. Removal of Existing Pavement Markings/Markers.

1. Existing markings or markers to be removed shall be removed to the extent that the pavement marking or marker and its adhesive compound is/are either completely removed or obliterated.

2. Widths, lengths, and shapes of the cleaned surface shall be of sufficient size to include the full area of the specified pavement marking to be placed or removed.

3. A void damage to the pavement surface during the removal of markings or markers.

Repair damaged areas on asphaltic surfaces in excess of 1/.i inch in depth using approved patching materials.

4. Blasting on portland cement concrete surfaces shall be sufficient to remove old pavement markings and all other contaminants. Over-blasting to the extent of damage to the roadway surface shall be avoided.

5. Very small particles of tightly adhering existing markings may remain in place if complete removal of the small particles will result in pavement damage.

B. Cleaning.

June 2008

1. Pavement surfaces where ex1stmg pavement markings will remain in place shall be cleaned with high pressure air or water to remove dust, sand, and other objectionable material prior to application of new markings. If water is used, the area to be cleaned shall be sufficiently dry, as defined in Item 535.4.A.1, for application of the marking material.

Item 533 Cleaning and Removal of Pavement Markings and Markers

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 362

2. All surfaces other than portland cement concrete surfaces required to be cleaned shall be cleaned sufficiently to remove loose and flaking conditions or markings of the road surface. Surface cleaning shall be completed on all existing pavements where the inlaid plastic material or raised pavement marker is not being used with new pavement.

3. Where blasting is used for the removal of pavement markings, adhesives, or for removal of objectionable material, remove the residue, including dust and water, immediately after contact with the surface being treated. Remove by a vacuum attachment operating concurrently with the blasting operation.

4. Where grinding is allowed by the Engineer to remove pavement markings on asphaltic concrete pavements, remove the residue by means of a vacuum attachment to the grinding machine. Do not allow the residue to flow across or be left on the pavement.

533.5. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT: Cleaning or removal of existing or incorrectly installed pavement markings and/or markers shall not be paid for directly, but shall be considered subsidiary to the pavement marking or marker items or Mobilization if no pavement marking pay items are used.

533.6. BID ITEM: This specification is included solely as a technical guide as to how cleaning or removal of markings and/or markers shall be performed and does not constitute a separate bid item.

June 2008 Item 533 Cleaning and Removal of Pavement Markings and Markers

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 363

535 HOT APPLIED THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKINGS

535.1. DESCRIPTION: Apply thermoplastic pavement markings, in conformance with the minimum optical and physical properties required for a thermoplastic road marking compound described herein, in a molten state, onto a pavement surface.

535.2. MATERIALS: All materials shall conform to the requirements of TxDOT DMS-8220 "Hot Applied Thermoplastic." Thermoplastic materials shall be stored in a dry environment to minimize the amount of moisture retained during storage.

535.3. EQUIPMENT: Provide the necessary equipment to conduct the work specified herein. All equipment shall be maintained in good working order such that neat and clean thermoplastic markings are applied at the proper thicknesses and glass beads are placed at the correct rate.

Equipment that is deemed deficient by the Engineer shall be replaced immediately.

535.4. CONSTRUCTION: The appearance of the finished markings shall have a uniform surface, crisp edges with a minimum over-spray, clean cut-off, meet straightness requirements and conform to the design drawings and/or engineer instructions.

The contractor shall provide the Engineer with certification from the marking manufacturer that contractor has been adequately trained and certified to apply the manufacturer's material. This certification shall be considered current if the certification date provided by the manufacturer is within two years of the date of marking application.

All striping and pavement markings shall be placed in accordance with the requirements of this specification, the detailed plans, and the current edition of the Texas Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (TMUTCD). The Contractor shall provide all other engineering services necessary for pre-marking of all proposed stripe within the limits of the designated work.

Unless authorized otherwise in writing by the Engineer, striping shall be accomplished during daylight hours. Approved lighting arrangements will be required for night time operations when allowed.

The Contractor may be required to place markings over existing markings, as determined by the Engineer. The contractor shall adjust the operation of the thermoplastic screed shoe to match the previous lengths of stripes and skips, when necessary.

Failure of the striping material to adhere to the pavement surface during the life of the contract shall be prima facie evidence that the materials, even though complying with these specifications, or the application thereof, was inconsistent with the intent of the requirements for the work under the latest City specifications and shall be cause for ordering corrective action or replacement of the marking without additional cost to the City.

Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, permanent pavement markings on newly constructed pavements surfaced with asphaltic concrete or bituminous seals shall not be applied for a minimum of 14 days or a maximum 35 days. Temporary pavement marking shall be provided during the 14 to 35 day period.

June 2008 Item 535 Hot Applied Thermoplastic Pavement Markings

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 364

A. Surface Preparation.

1. Moisture. All surfaces shall be inspected for moisture content prior to application of thermoplastic. Approximately two square feet of a clear plastic or tar paper shall be laid on the road surface and held in place for 15 to 20 minutes. The underside of the plastic or tar paper shall then be inspected for a buildup of condensed moisture from the road surface. Pavement is considered dry if there is no condensation on the underside of the plastic or tarpaper. In the event of moisture, this test shall be repeated until there is no moisture on the underside of the plastic or tar paper.

2. Cleaning. All surfaces shall be clean and dry, as defined in Section 535.4.A.1, before thermoplastic can be applied. Loose dirt and debris shall be removed by thoroughly blowing compressed air over the area to be striped. If the thermoplastic is to be applied over existing paint lines, the paint line shall be swept with a mechanical sweeper or wire brush to remove poorly adhered paint and dirt that would interfere with the proper bonding or the thermoplastic. Additional cleaning through the use of compressed air may be required to remove embedded dirt and debris after sweeping. Latence and curing compound shall be removed from all new portland cement concrete surfaces in accordance with Item 533, "Removal of Pavement Markings and Markers."

3. Layout. The pavement markings shall be placed in proper alignment with guidelines established on the roadway. Deviation from the alignment established shall not exceed 2 inches and, in addition, the deviation in alignment of the marking being placed shall not exceed 1 inch per 200 feet of roadway nor shall any deviation be abrupt.

No striping material shall be applied over a guide cord; only longitudinal joints, existing stripes, primer, or other approved type guides will be permitted. In the absence of a longitudinal joint or existing stripe, the Contractor shall mark the points necessary for the placing of the proposed stripe. Edge striping shall be adjusted as necessary so that the edge stripe will be parallel to the centerline and shall not be placed off the edge of the pavement.

Longitudinal markings shall be offset at least 2-inches from construction joints of portland cement concrete surfaces and joints and shoulder breaks of asphalt surfaces.

4. Primer Sealer. Primer sealer shall be used on all portland cement concrete surfaces. A primer sealer shall be used on asphalt surfaces that are over two years old and/or on asphalt surfaces that are worn or oxidized to a condition where 50 percent or more of the wearing surface is exposed aggregate. Existing pavement markings may act as the primer sealer if, after cleaning, more than 70 percent of the existing pavement marking is still properly bonded to the asphalt surface (see coverage check procedure in Appendix A to estimate percent of marking remaining).

5. Primer Sealer Application. When required as described, the primer-sealer shall be applied to the road surface in a continuous film at a minimum thickness of 3 to 5 mils.

Before the Thermoplastic is applied, the primer-sealer shall be allowed to dry to a tacky state. The thermoplastic shall be applied within 4 hours after the primer application.

B. Temperature Requirements.

June 2008

1. Ambient Conditions. The ambient air and road surface shall be 55°F and rising before application of thermoplastic can begin.

Item 535 Hot Applied Thermoplastic Pavement Markings

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 365

2. Material Requirements. Unless otherwise specified by the material manufacturer, the thermoplastic compound shall be heated from 400°F to 450°F and shall be a minimum of 400°F as it makes contact with road surface during application. An infrared temperature gun shall be used to determine the temperature of the thermoplastic as it is being applied ' to the road surface.

C. Drop-on Glass Sphere Application.

1. Application Rate. Retro-reflective glass spheres shall be applied at the rate of 10 pounds per 100 square feet of applied markings. This application rate shall be determined by confirming the following consumption rates :

a. 200 pounds of drop on glass spheres per ton of applied thermoplastic when the thermoplastic is being applied at 0.090 inch film thickness.

b. 150 pounds of drop on glass spheres per ton of applied thermoplastic when the thermoplastic is being applied at 0.125 inch thickness.

2. Application Method. Retro-reflective glass spheres shall be applied by a mechanical dispenser property calibrated and adjusted to provide proper application rates and uniform distribution of the spheres across the cross section of the entire width of the line.

To enable the spheres to embed themselves into the hot thermoplastic, the sphere dispenser shall be positioned immediately behind the thermoplastic application device.

This insures that the spheres are applied to the thermoplastic material while it is still in the molten state.

D. Application Thickness.

1. Longitudinal and Transverse Markings. On previously unmarked pavements or pavements where markings have been effectively removed, all lane lines, center lines, transverse markings and pavement markings in traffic areas with :Sl ,000 vehicles per day per lane shall have a minimum film thickness of 0.090 inch at the edges and a maximum of 0.145 inch at the center. A minimum average film thickness of 0.090 inch shall be maintained. On pavements with existing markings, meeting the traffic requirements stated above, all lane lines, center lines, transverse markings and pavement markings shall have a minimum film thickness of 0.060 inch for re-application over existing strip line.

2. High Wear Longitudinal and Transverse Marking. On previously unmarked pavements or pavements where markings have been effectively removed, all lane lines, center lines, transverse markings and pavement markings in high traffic areas (> 1,000 vehicles per day per lane) shall have a minimum film thickness of0.125 inch at the edges and a maximum of 0.188 inch at the center. A minimum average film thickness of 0.125 inch shall be maintained. On pavements with existing markings, meeting the traffic requirements stated above, all lane lines, center lines, transverse markings and pavement markings shall have a minimum film thickness of 0.090 inch for re-application over existing strip line.

E. Packaging.

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 366

1. Containers. The thermoplastic material shall be delivered in 50 pound containers or bags of sufficient strength to pennit nonnal handling during shipment and handling on the job without loss of material.

2. Labeling. Each container shall be clearly marked to indicate the color of the material, the process batch number and/or manufacturer's fonnulation number, the manufacturer's name and address and the date of manufacture.

F. Acceptance.

June 2008

1. Sampling Procedure. Random samples may be taken at the job site at the discretion of the City Engineer for quality assurance. The City reserves the right to conduct the tests deemed necessary to identify component materials and verify results of specific tests indicated in conjunction with the specification requirements.

The sample(s) shall be labeled as to the shipment number, lot number, date, quantity, and any other pertinent information. At least three randomly selected bags shall be obtained from each lot. A 10 pound) sample from the three bags shall be submitted for testing and acceptance. The lot size shall be approximately 44,000 pounds unless the total order is less than this amount.

2. Manufacturer's Responsibility.

a. Sampling and Testing. The manufacturer shall submit test results from an approved independent laboratory. All material samples shall be obtained 20 days in advance of the pavement marking operations. The cost of testing shall be included in the price of thennoplastic material. The approved independent laboratory's test results shall be submitted to the City Traffic Engineer in the fonn of a certified test report.

b. Bill of Lading. The manufacturer shall furnish the Material and Tests Laboratory with copies of Bills of Lading for all materials inspected. Bill oflading shall indicate the consignee and the destination, date of shipment, lot numbers, quantity, type of material, and location of source.

c. Material Acceptance. Final acceptance of a particular lot of thermoplastic will be based on the following.

(1) Compliance with the specification for material composition requirements verified by approved independent laboratory with tests results.

(2) Compliance with the specification for the physical properties required and verified by an approved independent laboratory with test results.

(3) Manufacturer's test results for each lot thermoplastic have been received.

( 4) Identification requirements are satisfactory.

3. Contractor's Responsibility.

a. Notification. The contractor shall notify the Construction Inspector 72 hours prior to the placement of the thermoplastic markings to enable the inspector to be present during the application operation. At the time of notification, the Contractor shall indicate the manufacturer and the lot numbers of the thermoplastic that will be used.

Item 535 Hot Applied Thermoplastic Pavement Markings

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 367

A check should be made by the contractor to insure that the approved lot numbers appear on the material package. Failure to do so is cause for rejection.

b. Warranty or Guarantee. If the normal trade practice for manufacturers is to furnish warranties or guarantees for the materials and equipment specified herein, the Contractor shall turn the guarantees and warranties over to the Engineer for potential dealing with the manufactures. The extent of such warranties or guarantees will not be a factor in selecting the successful bidder.

535.5. MEASUREMENT: Measurement shall be based on the length of satisfactorily installed line, in feet, or as appropriate, the number of symbols or words which are satisfactorily installed on the roadway surface by the contractor.

535.6. PAYMENT: Payment shall be according to the quantities measured for each bid item.

535.7. BID ITEM:

Item 535.1 - 4 inch wide yellow line

Item 535.2 - 4 inch wide white line

Item 535.3 - 8 inch wide yellow line

Item 535.4 - 8 inch wide white line

Item 535.5 - 12 inch wide white line

Item 535.6 - 16 inch wide white line

Item 535.7 - 24 inch wide white line

Item 535.8 - Right White Arrow (per each)

Item 535.9 - Left White Arrow (per each)

Item 535.10 - Combination Thru/Right White Arrow (per each)

Item 535.11 - Combination Thru/Left White Arrow (per each)

Item 535.12 - Word "ONLY" (per word)

Item 535.13 - Straight White Arrow (per each)

Item 535.14 - Railroad Crossing Symbol, including two R's, crossbuck and 3 transverse bars (per each)

Item 535.15 - White Diamond (per each)

Item 535.16 - Straight White Arrow Bicycle Facility (per each)

Item 535.17 - Bicycle Rider Symbol (per each)

Item 535.18 - Solid White Yield Lines (6" x 9") (per each)

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 368

Item 535.19 - Word "STOP" (per word)

Item 535.20 - Word "YIELD" (per word)

Item 535.21 - Word "BUS) (per word)

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 373

537 RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS

537.1. DESCRIPTION: Provide raised pavement markers which include rejlectorized and non rejlectorized traffic buttons, pavement markers and jiggle bars all of which are capable of being attached to a roadway surface by an adhesive.

537.2. MATERIALS: Materials shall conform to the following requirements:

A. Jiggle Bar Tiles. TxDOT DMS-4100, "Jiggle Bar Tiles."

B. Raised Pavement Markers. TxDOT DMS-4200, "Pavement Markers (Reflectorized)."

C. Traffic Buttons. TxDOT DMS-4300, "Traffic Buttons."

D. Testing. The Engineer reserves the right to perform any or all tests required by this item as a check on the tests reported by the manufacturer. Upon request, the Contractor shall furnish, free of charge, samples of the material of the size and in the amount determined by the Engineer for test purposes. In case of any variance, the Engineer's tests will govern.

537.3. EQUIPMENT: Provide all equipment necessary to perform the work specified herein.

537.4. CONSTRUCTION: The Contractor shall establish guides to mark the lateral location of pavement markings as shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. The Engineer shall approve locations of these markings and may authorize necessary adjustments from the plans.

The reflective faces of all Type II markers shall be positioned so that the direction of reflection of one ( 1) face shall be directly opposite to the direction of reflection of the other face.

Raised Pavement markers Type 1-C shall have clear reflector face towards traffic. Raised pavement markers Type II C-R, shall have the clear face toward the normal traffic flow and the red face toward wrong-way traffic.

Unless otherwise shown on the plans or specified by the Engineer, all raised pavement markers placed in broken lines shall be placed in line with and midway between the stripes. The first and last raised pavement marker in a no-passing line shall be a reflective marker. Buttons used to simulate a 10 feet skip lane lines shall be spaced at 40 inches.

The pavement markers not placed in accordance with the plans or as directed by the Engineer shall be removed by the Contractor at the Contractor's expense.

Removal of existing pavement markers or residual adhesive from a missing pavement marker prior to placement of new or replacement marker(s) shall be in conformance with Item 533, "Cleaning or Removal of Pavement Markings or Markers." The portion of the highway surface to which the raised pavement marker is attached by the adhesive shall be clean and free of dirt, grease, oil, and moisture at the time of installation. Surface preparation for installation of raised pavement markers will not be paid for directly, but shall be considered subsidiary to this item.

Unsound pavement or other materials that would adversely affect the bond of the adhesive shall not be an acceptable surface.

June 2008 Item 537 Raised Pavement Markers

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 374

The hot epoxy adhesive shall be applied so that 100 percent of the bonding area of the raised pavement marker will be in contact and shall be of sufficient thickness so that excess adhesive shall be forced out around the perimeter of the raised pavement marker but without impairing the functional capability of the reflectivity of the pavement marker. When the project is complete, the raised pavement marker shall be firmly bonded to the pavement; lines formed by the raised pavement markers shall be true, and the entire installation shall present a neat appearance.

Where required by the Engineer, pavement markings outside the limits of this project will be removed or adjusted to provide for a proper tie into this project. The old markings shall be removed or defaced in such a manner that they do not give the appearance of traffic pavement markings.

537.5. MEASUREMENT: Measurement will be based on the number of satisfactorily installed pavement markers.

537.6. PAYMENT: Pavement markers will be paid for at the contract unit bid price per each type of marker. The price shall be full compensation for furnishing the raised pavement marker, epoxy adhesive and all other materials, surface preparation, installation, labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work.

537.7. BID ITEM:

Item 537.1 - Traffic Button (Type W) per each

Item 537.2 - Traffic Button (Type Y) per each

Item 537.3 - Jiggle Bar (Type W) per each

Item 537.4 - Jiggle Bar (Type Y) per each

Item 537.5 - Pavement Marker (Type I-A) per each

Item 537.6 - Pavement Marker (Type I-C) per each

Item 537.7 - Pavement Marker (Type I-R) per each

Item 537.8 - Pavement Marker (Type II-A-A) per each

Item 537.9 - Pavement Marker (Type II C-R) per each

June 2008 Item 537 Raised Pavement Markers

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 378

540 TEMPORARY EROSION, SEDIMENTATION AND WATER

POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

540.1. DESCRIPTION: This item shall govern the control measures necessary to prevent and control soil erosion, sedimentation and water pollution which may degrade receiving waters including rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, tidal water, groundwater and wetlands.

Note: The control measures contained herein shall be installed and maintained throughout the construction contract and coordinated with the permanent or existing temporary pollution control features specified elsewhere on the plans and in the specifications to assure effective and continuous water pollution control throughout the construction and post construction period.

These control measures shall not be used as a substitute for the permanent pollution control measures unless otherwise directed by the Engineer in writing. The controls may include sediment control fences, inlet protection, baled hay, rock filter dams, dikes, swales, sediment traps and basins, pipe slope drains, paved flumes, construction exits, temporary seeding, sodding, mulching, soil retention blankets or other structural or non-structural water pollution controls.

This item does not apply to commercial operations.

540.2. MATERIALS: The items, estimated quantities and locations of the control measures are shown on the plans; however, the Engineer may increase or decrease the quantity of these items as the need arises. The materials will be shown on the plans and in this specification. The Engineer may allow other materials and work as the need arises and as approved in writing. Pollution control measures may be applicable to contractor operations outside the right of way where such work is necessary as a result of roadway related construction such as construction and haul roads, field offices, equipment and supply areas, and materials sources.

Unless otherwise shown on the plans, provide materials that meet the following requirements:

A. Rock Filter Dams.

June 2008

1. Aggregate. Furnish aggregate with hardness, durability, cleanliness, and resistance to crumbling, flaking, and eroding acceptable to the Engineer. Provide the following:

• Types 1, 2, and 4 Rock Filter Dams. Use 3 to 6 in. aggregate.

• Type 3 Rock Filter Dams. Use 4 to 8 in. aggregate.

2. Wire. Provide minimum 20 gauge galvanized wire for the steel wire mesh and tie wires for Types 2 and 3 rock filter dams. Type 4 dams require:

• a double-twisted, hexagonal weave with a nominal mesh opening of2Y2 in. x 31/.i in.;

• minimum 0.0866 in. steel wire for netting;

• minimum 0.1063 in. steel wire for selvages and corners; and

• minimum 0.0866 in. for binding or tie wire.

3. Sandbag Material. Furnish sandbags meeting Section 540.2.1, "Sandbags," except that any gradation of aggregate may be used to fill the sandbags.

Item 540 Temporary Erosion, Sedimentation and Water Pollution Prevention and Control

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 379

B. Temporary Pipe Slope Drains. Provide corrugated metal pipe, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, flexible tubing, watertight connection bands, grommet materials, prefabricated fittings, and flared entrance sections that conform to the plans. Recycled and other materials meeting these requirements are allowed if approved. Furnish concrete in accordance with Item 505, "Concrete Riprap."

C. Baled Hay. Provide hay bales weighing at least 50 lb., composed entirely of vegetable matter, measuring 30 in. or longer, and bound with wire, nylon, or polypropylene string.

D. Temporary Paved Flumes. Furnish asphalt concrete, hydraulic cement concrete, or other comparable non-erodible material that conforms to the plans. Provide rock or rubble with a minimum diameter of 6 in. and a maximum volume of Yi cu. ft. for the construction of energy dissipaters.

E. Construction Exits. Provide materials that meet the details shown on the plans and this Section.

1. Rock Construction Exit. Provide crushed aggregate for long and short-term construction exits. Furnish aggregates that are clean, hard, durable, and free from adherent coatings such as salt, alkali, dirt, clay, loam, shale, soft, or flaky materials and organic and injurious matter. Use 4- to 8- in. rock for Type l and 2- to 4- in. rock for Type 3. Unless otherwise shown on the plans, provide a light weight (4 oz.) non-woven filter fabric below the ballast to prevent mud and sediment migration.

2. Timber Construction Exit. Furnish No. 2 quality or better railroad ties and timbers for long-term construction exits, free of large and loose knots and treated to control rot.

Fasten timbers with nuts and bolts or lag bolts, of at least Yi in. diameter, unless otherwise shown on the plans or allowed. For short-term exits, provide plywood or pressed wafer board at least Yi in. thick.

3. Foundation Course. Provide a foundation course consisting of flexible base, bituminous concrete, hydraulic cement concrete, or other materials as shown on the plans or directed.

F. Embankment for Erosion Control. Provide rock, loam, clay, topsoil, or other earth materials that will form a stable embankment to meet the intended use.

G. Pipe. Provide pipe outlet material in accordance with TxDOT Standard Specification Item 556, "Pipe Underdrains," and details shown on the plans.

H. Construction Perimeter Fence.

June 2008

1. Posts. Provide essentially straight wood or steel posts that are at least 60 in. long. Furnish soft wood posts with a minimum diameter of 3 in. or use 2 x 4 boards. Furnish hardwood posts with a minimum cross-section of l Yi x 1-1/5 in. Furnish T- or L-shaped steel posts with a minimum weight of 0.95 lb. per foot.

2. Fence. Provide orange construction fencing as approved by the Engineer.

3. Fence Wire. Provide 14 gauge or larger galvanized smooth or twisted wire. Provide 16 gauge or larger tie wire.

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 380

4. Flagging. Provide brightly-colored flagging that is fade-resistant and at least % in. wide to provide maximum visibility both day and night.

5. Staples. Provide staples with a crown at least Y:z in. wide and legs at least Y:z in. long.

6. Used Materials. Previously used materials meeting the applicable requirements may be used if accepted by the Engineer.

I. Sandbags. Provide sandbag material of polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyamide woven fabric with a minimum unit weight of 4 oz. per square yard, a Mullen burst-strength exceeding 300 psi, and an ultraviolet stability exceeding 70%. Use natural coarse sand or manufactured sand meeting the gradation given in Table 1 to fill sandbags. Filled sandbags must be 24 to 30 in. long, 16 to 18 in. wide, and 6 to 8 in. thick.

Sieve#

JOO

Table I Sand Gradation

Maximum Retained(% by Wei~ht) 3% 80% 95%

J. Temporary Sediment Control Fence. Provide a net-reinforced fence using woven geo textile fabric. Logos visible to the traveling public will not be allowed.

1. Fabric. Provide fabric materials in accordance with TxDOT DMS-6230, "Temporary Sediment Control Fence Fabric."

2. Posts. Provide essentially straight wood or steel posts with a minimum length of 48 in., unless otherwise shown on the plans. Soft wood posts must be at least 3 in. in diameter or nominal 2 x 4 in. Hardwood posts must have a minimum cross-section of 1 Y2 x 1 Y2 in. T or L-shaped steel posts must have a minimum weight of0.95 lb. per foot.

3. Net Reinforcement. Provide net reinforcement of at least 14 gauge galvanized welded wire mesh, with a maximum opening size of 2 x 4 in., at least 24 in. wide, unless otherwise shown on the plans.

4. Staples. Provide staples with a crown at least% in. wide and legs Y2 in. long.

5. Used Materials. Use recycled material meeting the applicable requirements if accepted by the Engineer.

K Curb Inlet Gravel Filters.

June 2008

1. Gravel Filter Bags. Furnish gravel filter bags meeting Section 540.2.1, "Sandbags."

Gravel bags shall be filled with % inch gravel.

2. Concrete Masonry Units. Hollow, Non-Load-Bearing Concrete blocks of 1500-2000 psi, 28-day compressive strength concrete shall be used with dimensions of 8" x 6" x6" width, height, and length, respectively.

3. Wood Blocks. Wolmanized treated 2" x 4" lumber with the length as per inlet size.

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 381

540.3. EQUIPMENT. Provide a backhoe, front end loader, blade, scraper, bulldozer, or other equipment as required when "Earthwork for Erosion Control" is specified on the plans as a bid item.

540.4. CONSTRUCTION: The contractor shall provide control measures to prevent or minimize the impact to receiving waters as required by the plans and/or as directed by the Engineer in writing.

A. Contractor Responsibilities.

1. SW3P. Implement the City's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWP3) for the project site in accordance with the specific or general storm water permit requirements.

Prevent water pollution from storm water associated with construction activity from entering any surface water or private property on or adjacent to the project site. The Contractor shall effectively prevent and control erosion and sedimentation on the site at the earliest practicable time as outlined in the approved schedule. Control measures, where applicable, will be implemented prior to the commencement of each construction operation or immediately after the area has been disturbed.

2. Preconstruction Submittals.

a. Operations on Right of Way. Prior to the start of construction, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, for approval, schedules for accomplishment of the pollution control measures in accordance with the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SW3P). A plan for the disposal of waste materials generated on the project site must be submitted for approval, also. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, for approval, the proposed SW3P for the industrial activities (such as hot mix plants, concrete batch plants, or material handling areas) on the right of way.

b. Operations off Right of Way. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer, for information purposes only, proposed methods of pollution control for Contractor operations in areas which are outside the right of way (such as construction and haul roads, field offices, equipment and supply areas, and material sources).

Pollution control measures for the Contractor's facilities off the right of way are not covered by the City's Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) NPDES general permit. The Contractor shall obtain his own Notice of Intent for the off-site operations. These pollution controls will not be measured for payment but shall be performed at the Contractor's expense.

B. General.

June 2008

1. Phasing. Implement control measures in the area to be disturbed before beginning construction, or as directed. Limit the disturbance to the area shown on the plans or as directed. If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the Contractor cannot control soil erosion and sedimentation resulting from construction operations, the Engineer will limit the disturbed area to that which the Contractor is able to control. Minimize disturbance to vegetation.

2. Rainfall Events. A rain gauge shall be provided by the Contractor and located at the project site. Within 24 hours of a rainfall event of Yi inch or more as measured by the project rain gauge, the Contractor and Inspector will inspect the entire project to

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 382

June 2008 determine the condition of the control measures. Maintain control measures in accordance with Item 540.4.B.3, "Maintenance."

3. Maintenance. Correct ineffective control measures in accordance with this section.

Implement additional controls as directed. Remove excavated material within the time requirements specified in the applicable storm water permit.

Following a rain event as described in Item 540.4.B.2, Rainfall Event," sediment will be removed and devices repaired as soon as practicable but no later than 7 days after the surrounding exposed ground has dried sufficiently to prevent further damage from equipment needed for repair of control measures.

In the event of continuous rainfall over a 24-hour period, or other circumstances that preclude equipment operation in the area, the Contractor will hand carry and install additional backup devices as determined by the Engineer. The Contractor will remove silt accumulations and deposit the spoils in an area approved by the Engineer as soon as practical. Any corrective action needed for the control measures will be accomplished in the sequence directed by the Engineer; however, areas adjacent to waterbodies shall generally have priority followed by devices protecting storm sewer inlets.

4. Stabilization. Stabilize disturbed areas where construction activities will be temporarily stopped, or construction becomes inactive, in accordance with the applicable storm water permit. Inactive construction areas are defined as areas in which no construction activity will occur for a period of 30 days or longer. Inactive construction areas which have been disturbed will require stabilization through the use of vegetation, mulch, erosion control matting or structural methods within 7 calendar days from the last construction activity in the area. At all times prior to stabilization, inactive construction areas shall be considered as active, disturbed construction area, contributing to the sediment loading at the site control systems. After stabilization, inactive construction areas will be considered undisturbed areas, eliminating the contribution of sediment to the erosion control devices.

5. Finished Work. Upon acceptance of vegetative cover, remove and dispose of all temporary control measures, temporary embankments, bridges, matting, falsework, piling, debris, or other obstructions placed during construction that are not a part of the finished work, or as directed. Soil retention blankets shall be removed only when, in the opinion of the Engineer, final permanent perennial seeding would be adversely affected by the presence of an existing soil retention blanket.

The project will not be accepted until a 70% density of existing adjacent undisturbed areas is obtained, unless otherwise shown on the plans. When shown on the plans, the Engineer may accept the project when adequate controls are in place that will control erosion, sedimentation, and water pollution until sufficient vegetative cover can be established.

6. Restricted Activities. Do not locate disposal areas, stockpiles, or haul roads in any wetland, water body, or streambed. Do not install temporary construction crossings in or across any water body without the prior approval of the appropriate resource agency and the Engineer. Restrict construction operations in any water body to the necessary areas as shown on the plans or applicable permit, or as directed. Use temporary bridges, timber mats, or other structurally sound and non-eroding material for stream crossings.

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 383

Provide protected storage area for paints, chemicals, solvents, and fertilizers at an approved location. Keep paints, chemicals, solvents, and fertilizers off bare ground and provide shelter for stored chemicals.

C. Installation, Maintenance, and Removal Work. Perform work in accordance with the specific or general storm water permit. Install and maintain the integrity of temporary erosion and sedimentation control devices to accumulate silt and debris until earthwork construction and permanent erosion control features are in place or the disturbed area has been adequately stabilized as determined by the Engineer. If a device ceases to function as intended, repair or replace the device or portions thereof as necessary. Remove sediment, debris, and litter.

When approved, sediments may be disposed of within embankments, or in the right of way in areas where the material will not contribute to further siltation. Dispose of removed material in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations. Remove devices upon approval or when directed. Upon removal, finish-grade and dress the area. Stabilize disturbed areas in accordance with the permit, and as shown on the plans or directed. The Contractor retains ownership of stockpiled material and must remove it from the project when new installations or replacements are no longer required.

June 2008

1. Rock Filter Dams for Erosion Control. Remove trees, brush, stumps, and other objectionable material that may interfere with the construction of rock filter dams. Place sandbags as a foundation when required or at the Contractor's option. For Types 1, 2, 3, and 5, place the aggregate to the lines, height, and slopes specified, without undue voids.

For Types 2 and 3, place the aggregate on the mesh and then fold the mesh at the upstream side over the aggregate and secure it to itself on the downstream side with wire ties, or hog rings, or as directed. Place rock filter dams perpendicular to the flow of the stream or channel unless otherwise directed. Construct filter dams according to the following criteria, unless otherwise shown on the plans:

a. Type 1 (Non-reinforced).

(1) Height. At least 18 in. measured vertically from existing ground to top of filter dam.

(2) Top Width. At least 2 ft.

(3) Slopes. At most 2: 1.

b. Type 2 (Reinforced).

(1) Height. At least 18 in. measured vertically from existing ground to top of filter dam.

(2) Top Width. At least 2 ft.

(3) Slopes. At most 2: 1.

c. Type 3 (Reinforced).

(1) Height. At least 36 in. measured vertically from existing ground to top of filter dam.

(2) Top Width. At least 2 ft.

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 384

(3) Slopes. At most 2: 1.

d. Type 4 (Sack Gabions). Unfold sack gabions and smooth out kinks and bends. For vertical filling, connect the sides by lacing in a single loo~ouble loop pattern on 4-to 5-in. spacing. At one end, pull the end lacing rod until tight, wrap around the end, and twist 4 times. At the filling end, fill with stone, pull the rod tight, cut the wire with approximately 6 in. remaining, and twist wires 4 times. For horizontal filling, place sack flat in a filling trough, fill with stone, and connect sides and secure ends as described above. Lift and place without damaging the gabion. Shape sack gabions to existing contours.

e. Type 5. Provide rock filter dams as shown on the plans.

2. Temporary Pipe Slope Drains. Install pipe with a slope as shown on the plans or as directed. Construct embankment for the drainage system in 8-in. lifts to the required elevations. Hand-tamp the soil around and under the entrance section to the top of the embankment as shown on the plans or as directed. Form the top of the embankment or earth dike over the pipe slope drain at least 1 ft. higher than the top of the inlet pipe at all points. Secure the pipe with hold-downs or hold-down grommets spaced a maximum of 10 ft. on center. Construct the energy dissipaters or sediment traps as shown on the plans or as directed. Construct the sediment trap using concrete in accordance with Item 505, "Concrete Riprap," when designated on the plans. Rubble riprap in accordance with TxDOT Standard Specification Item 432, "Riprap" may also be used when designated on the plans or as directed by the Engineer.

3. Baled Hay for Erosion and Sedimentation Control. Install hay bales at locations shown on the plans by embedding in the soil at least 4 in. and, where possible, approximately Yi the height of the bale, or as directed. Fill gaps between bales with hay.

4. Temporary Paved Flumes. Construct paved flumes as shown on the plans or as directed. Provide excavation and embankment (including compaction of the subgrade) of material to the dimensions shown on the plans, unless otherwise indicated. Install a rock or rubble riprap energy dissipater, constructed from the materials specified above to a minimum depth of9 in. at the flume outlet to the limits shown on the plans or as directed.

5. Construction Exits. When tracking conditions exist, prevent traffic from crossing or exiting the construction site or moving directly onto a public roadway, alley, sidewalk, parking area, or other right of way areas other than at the location of construction exits.

Construct exits for either long or short-term use.

a. Long-Term. Place the exit over a foundation course, if necessary. Grade the foundation course or compacted subgrade to direct runoff from the construction exits to a sediment trap as shown on the plans or as directed. Construct exits with a width of at least 14 ft. for one-way and 20 ft. for two-way traffic for the full width of the exit, or as directed.

(1) Type 1. Construct to a depth of at least 8 in. using crushed aggregate as shown on the plans or as directed.

(2) Type 2. Construct using railroad ties and timbers as shown on the plans or as directed.

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 385

b. Short-Term.

(1) Type 3. Construct using crushed aggregate, plywood, or wafer board. This type of exit may be used for daily operations where long-term exits are not practical.

(2) Type 4. Construct as shown on the plans or as directed.

6. Earthwork for Erosion and Sediment Control. Perform excavation and embankment operations to minimize erosion and to remove collected sediments from other erosion control devices.

a. Excavation and Embankment for Erosion Control Features. Place earth dikes, swales or combinations of both along the low crown of daily lift placement, or as directed, to prevent runoff spillover. Place swales and dikes at other locations as shown on the plans or as directed to prevent runoff spillover or to divert runoff.

Construct cuts with the low end blocked with undisturbed earth to prevent erosion of hillsides. Construct sediment traps at drainage structures in conjunction with other erosion control measures as shown on the plans or as directed. Where required, create a sediment basin providing 3,600 cu. ft. of storage per acre drained, or equivalent control measures for drainage locations that serve an area with 10 or more disturbed acres at one time, not including offsite areas.

b. Excavation of Sediment and Debris. Remove sediment and debris when accumulation affects the performance of the devices, after a rain, and when directed.

7. Construction Perimeter Fence. Construct, align, and locate fencing as shown on the plans or as directed.

a. Installation of Posts. Embed posts 18 in. deep or adequately anchor in rock, with a spacing of 8 to 10 ft.

b. Wire Attachment. Attach the top wire to the posts at least 3 ft. from the ground.

Attach the lower wire midway between the ground and the top wire.

c. Flag Attachment. Attach flagging to both wire strands midway between each post.

Use flagging at least 18 in. long. Tie flagging to the wire using a square knot.

8. Sandbags for Erosion Control. Construct a berm or dam of sandbags that will intercept sediment-laden storm water runoff from disturbed areas, create a retention pond, detain sediment, and release water in sheet flow. Fill each bag with sand so that at least the top 6

in. of the bag is unfilled to allow for proper tying of the open end. Place the sandbags with their tied ends in the same direction. Offset subsequent rows of sandbags Yi the length of the preceding row. Place a single layer of sandbags downstream as a secondary debris trap. Place additional sandbags as necessary or as directed for supplementary support to berms or dams of sandbags or earth.

9. Temporary Sediment-Control Fence. Provide temporary sediment-control fence near the downstream perimeter of a disturbed area to intercept sediment from sheet flow.

Incorporate the fence into erosion-control measures used to control sediment in areas of higher flow. Install the fence as shown on the plans, as specified in this Section, or as directed.

City of San Antonio Standard Specifications for Construction 386

a. Installation of Posts. Embed posts at least 18 in. deep, or adequately anchor, if in rock, with a spacing of 6 to 8 ft. and install on a slight angle toward the run-off source.

b. Fabric Anchoring. Dig trenches along the uphill side of the fence to anchor 6 to 8

in. of fabric. Provide a minimum trench cross-section of 6 x 6 in. Place the fabric against the side of the trench and align approximately 2 in of fabric along the bottom in the upstream direction. Backfill the trench, then hand-tamp.

c. Fabric and Net Reinforcement Attachment. Unless otherwise shown under the plans, attach the reinforcement to wooden posts with staples, or to steel posts with T clips, in at least 4 places equally spaced. Sewn vertical pockets may be used to attach reinforcement to end posts. Fasten the fabric to the top strand of reinforcement by hog rings or cord every 15 in. or less.

d. Fabric and Net Splices. Locate splices at a fence post with a minimum lap of 6 in.

attached in at least 6 places equally spaced, unless otherwise shown under the plans.

Do not locate splices in concentrated flow areas. Requirements for installation of used temporary sediment control fence include the following:

• fabric with minimal or no visible signs of biodegradation (weak fibers),

• fabric without excessive patching (more than 1 patch every 15 to 20 ft.),

• posts without bends, and

• backing without holes.

10. Curb Inlet Gravel Filter.

a. Installation. Install the curb inlet gravel filters in the following manner:

(1) Place the 2" x 4" treated lumber in front of and parallel with the opening of the inlet.

(2) Place the Concrete Masonry Units (CMUs) around the inlet, to be protected, in front of the 2" x 4" lumber, with the openings of the CMUs facing the inlet.

(3) Surround the CMUs with gravel bags, making certain that there are no gaps are evident between the gravel bags.

b. Sediment Control. When the accumulated sediment deposit reaches a depth of approximately 6 inches, it shall be removed and disposed of at approved sites in a manner that will not contribute to additional siltation. If the structure ceases to function as intended, the Engineer may direct that the Filter bag be replaced. Such replacement will not be measured for payment. Torn or punctured bags shall be replaced with a new Filter bag.

540.5. MEASUREMENT: If the Contractor is required to install temporary erosion, sediment and water pollution control measures due to his negligence, carelessness, lack of maintenance, or failure to install permanent controls as a part of the work as scheduled, and measures are ordered in writing by…