Attachment 4 - E2188-19.pdf

Designation: E2188 − 19

Standard Test Method for Insulating Glass Unit Performance1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing the

performance of preassembled permanently sealed insulating glass units or insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open.

1.2 This test method is applicable only to insulating glass

units that are constructed with glass.

1.3 This test method is applicable to both double-glazed and

triple-glazed insulating glass units. For triple-glazed insulating glass units where both of the outer lites are glass and the inner lite is either glass or a suspended film.

1.4 The unit construction used in this test method contains

dimensions that are an essential component of the test. Differ-ent types of glass, different glass thicknesses, and different cavity sizes may affect the test results.

1.5 This test method is not applicable to insulating glass

units containing a spandrel glass coating due to testing limita-tions.

1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as

standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the

safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:2

C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products C717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants C1036 Specification for Flat Glass E631 Terminology of Building Constructions E546 Test Method for Frost/Dew Point of Sealed Insulating

Glass Units E2190 Specification for Insulating Glass Unit Performance and Evaluation

3. Terminology

3.1 Definition of Terms:

3.1.1 For definitions of terms found in this standard, refer to

Terminologies C162, C717, and E631.

3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:

3.2.1 frost/dew point, n—the temperature at which water, organic vapor, or other chemicals begin to appear on the interior glass surface of an insulating glass unit.

4. Significance and Use

4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means for

testing the performance of the sealing system and construction of insulating glass units.

4.1.1 Insulating glass units tested in accordance with this

method may be suitable for structurally glazed applications.

However, factors such as sealant longevity when exposed to long term ultraviolet light and the structural properties of the sealant must be reviewed for these applications.

4.1.2 Insulating glass units tested in accordance with this

method are not intended for continuous exposure to high relative humidity conditions or long-term immersion in water.

5. Test Specimens

5.1 Each test specimen shall measure 355 6 6 mm by

505 6 6 mm (14 6 1⁄4 in. by 20 6 1⁄4 in.) and shall be composed of two or three lites of clear, tinted, coated, annealed, heat-strengthened, tempered, or laminated glass.

1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.22 on Durability Performance of Building Constructions.

Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2188–10. DOI:

10.1520/E2188–19.

2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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https://doi.org/10.1520/C0162 https://doi.org/10.1520/C0717 https://doi.org/10.1520/C1036 https://doi.org/10.1520/E0631 https://doi.org/10.1520/E0546 https://doi.org/10.1520/E0546 https://doi.org/10.1520/E2190 https://doi.org/10.1520/E2190 http://www.astm.org/COMMIT/COMMITTEE/E06.htm http://www.astm.org/COMMIT/SUBCOMMIT/E0622.htm

5.1.1 The double-glazed test samples shall be fabricated

with at least one lite of clear, uncoated glass. The triple-glazed test samples shall be fabricated with at least one outer lite of clear, uncoated glass. The other outer lite shall be fabricated with a glass which allows easy viewing of the frost point.

5.1.2 The thickness of the glass lites shall be between

nominal 3.0 mm (1⁄8 in.) and a maximum of 6.0 mm (1⁄4 in.)

nominal.

5.1.3 The cavity for specimens with either two or three lites of glass shall be a minimum of 6.0 6 0.8 mm (1⁄4 6 1⁄32 in.).

5.1.4 When testing to Specification E2190 the specimen

construction shall be as defined in that document.

5.1.5 Triple-pane units where the intermediate cavity di-

vider is a plastic film are acceptable.

NOTE 1—Overall unit thickness has some limits. Testing laboratories are usually able to accommodate 30 mm overall thickness. If testing thicker units, contact the testing laboratory to ascertain their capabilities for testing thicker units.

5.2 The thickness tolerance of the glass shall conform to

Specification C1036.

5.3 Each specimen shall be legibly marked with the desig-

nation of the manufacturer, the date of fabrication (month or quarter and year) and orientation intended in the field (for units constructed with coated glass). This marking is recommended to be positioned on the glass surface that will be oriented on the room temperature side during the weather cycle phase (see 8.3).

5.4 At least nine specimens of identical component materi-

als and construction shall be submitted for testing.

5.5 During all stages of exposure and storage, the units shall be held in a vertical position with equal support to all panes and no compression loading.

5.6 Selection of six specimens for testing shall be made at

random from the submitted specimens except for specimens damaged in transit. Damaged specimens shall not be tested.

5.7 Test specimens representing insulating glass units that

will be gas filled shall be fabricated using the same hole sealing and gas filling techniques as those used for manufacturing. For example, if a gas-filling plug is used in manufacturing then it must be used in the test units.

5.8 Test specimens representing insulating glass units that

include tubes intended to be left open shall be fabricated with one tube. These tubes shall be left open during testing. Test samples representing units that include tubes intended to be closed off after shipping shall be fabricated with one tube.

These tubes shall be closed at the exterior end prior to testing.

6. Apparatus

6.1 For Weather Cycle Phase:

6.1.1 Weather Cycle Test Chamber3—The weather cycle

test chamber shall be essentially that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to provide the required test conditions indicated in Section 8.

Modifications to this test chamber are acceptable providing that the required test conditions are met.

3 The chamber is a modification of the device developed by the Institute for Research in Construction (IRC) of the National Research Council of Canada. One modification was to expose each test specimen to two ultraviolet lamps.

Description: (1) Fog or mist spray; (2) Cooling coil; (3) Fluorescent ultraviolet lamp, F72T12BL/HO; (4) Heating coil; (5) Rubber pad; (6) Polystyrene insulation; (7) Rubber washer; (8) Clamping device; (9) Test specimen; (10) Fan motor; (11) Air duct; (12) Insulation

FIG. 1 Schematic Drawing of Typical Accelerated Weathering Chamber

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6.1.1.1 Ultraviolet Light Source—(Warning—Ultraviolet

light sources used in this test method are harmful, especially to the eyes. Appropriate protective measures must be observed.)

6.1.1.2 The source shall consist of fluorescent ultraviolet

lamps, Type F72T12BL/HO. This designation defines an 1829 mm (72 in.) long lamp, but a different length is acceptable as long as the UV output matches that defined in 6.1.1.3. Two lamps shall span either the long or short leg of each specimen to expose the edge seals of each specimen in four locations.

See Fig. 1.

6.1.1.3 Each lamp shall have an ultraviolet light output in

the range of 20 to 60 W/m2 (2000 to 6000 µW/cm2) when measured with a UVA ultraviolet radiometer in direct contact with the lamp. The radiometer shall be calibrated with results traceable to a national or international physical standards body (for example, National Institute of Standards and Technology

(NIST)).

6.1.2 Equip the accelerated weather cycle chamber with one

or more temperature sensors and a continuous temperature recording device placed in an area that measures the represen-tative air temperature at any time inside the chamber.

6.2 For High Humidity Phase:

6.2.1 High Humidity Test Chamber—A chamber of conve-

nient dimensions capable of maintaining 60 6 3 °C (140 6

5 °F) and 95 +5 ⁄–10 % relative humidity.

6.2.2 Equip high humidity chamber with one or more

sensors and a continuous air temperature-recording device placed in an area that monitors the average temperature in the chamber.

7. Preparation of Test Specimens

7.1 Uncleanable stain or scum can remain on the exterior

glass surface of the specimen after the accelerated weathering test. Measures shall be taken to have a clear view of the interior glass surface for detection of frost. For example, place a mask of plastic tape approximately 50 by 50 mm (2 by 2 in.) on the central region of both exterior glass surfaces before exposing the unit to weathering conditions. Remove the mask for frost/dew point measurement.

7.2 The specimens are to be tested after a minimum of 4

weeks from date of manufacture to allow for stabilization before testing. The manufacturer shall be permitted to waive this requirement.

8. Procedure for Seal Durability

8.1 Initial Frost/Dew Point Test:

8.1.1 Determine the initial frost/dew point on all cavities on all units submitted using Test Method E546 or equivalent.

8.2 Initial High Humidity Phase:

8.2.1 Place the test specimens that were tested in accordance with 8.1 in the high humidity test chamber. Expose six specimens in the high-humidity test chamber at 60 6 3 °C (140 6 5 °F) and 95 +5 ⁄–10 % relative humidity. Arrange the specimens so that each specimen has at least 6 mm (1⁄4 in.)

clearance all around.

8.2.2 After the specimens have been exposed for 336 h

+8/–0 h (14 days), remove them from the high humidity chamber.

8.2.3 Allow the test specimens to equilibrate at 23 6 3 °C

(73 6 5 °F) for not less than 24 h. After this equilibration, determine the frost/dew point in accordance with Test Method E546, or equivalent. One measurement is sufficient, but mul-tiple measurements may be taken over the next 6 days (that is, within 7 days of specimen removal from the test chamber).

8.2.4 Record the frost/dew point. If multiple measurements

were taken, record the lowest (that is, coldest).

FIG. 2 Location of Fluorescent Ultraviolet Lamp Relative to the Test Specimen

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NOTE 2—Different IG desiccating systems may take longer to adsorb moisture than others. To accommodate this, multiple frost/dew points are allowed to be taken up to 7 days after removal from the test chamber as indicated above.

8.2.5 For triple-pane units, the frost/dew point shall be

determined and recorded for all cavities.

8.2.6 If liquid appears, record the temperature at which it

occurs.

8.3 Weather Cycle Phase:

8.3.1 Place the six test specimens tested in accordance with

8.1 and 8.2 in the weather cycle chamber. Mount the specimens so that one exterior surface of the specimen is exposed to the weather cycles and the other to room temperature, 23 6 3 °C (73 6 5 °F). Install all specimens as shown in Fig. 1, taking care that no stress is induced in the test specimens by the method of fastening and that lites are equally and fully supported.

8.3.2 The test specimens shall be oriented in the weather

cycle chamber with the number one surface facing the weather changes as it does in normal field exposure.

8.3.3 Cycling—Each cycle shall be 6 h 6 5 min and com-

posed of the following test conditions (see Fig. 3):

8.3.3.1 During the first 60 6 5 min, decrease the air tem-

perature from room temperature to −29 6 3 °C (–20 6 5 °F).

8.3.3.2 Maintain air temperature at −29 6 3 °C (–20 6

5 °F) for 1 h 6 5 min.

8.3.3.3 Control the air temperature rise from –29 6 3 °C

(–20 6 5 °F) to room temperature over a period of 60 6 5 min.

Use the heat source as needed.

8.3.3.4 Start the ultraviolet lamps and over a time period of 60 6 5 min control the temperature rise from room tempera-ture to 60 6 3 °C (140 6 5 °F). At the beginning of this same 60 min period, turn on water or mist supply. Steam may also be used to supply moisture as long as liquid moisture is visible on the specimens. The interior of the chamber, at the test specimens, shall achieve a minimum of 90 % relative humidity within this time period. It is not necessary to stay at or above 90 % relative humidity as long as the environment achieves 90 % relative humidity sometime in this 60 min time.

8.3.3.5 Turn off the water or mist supply after 60 min.

8.3.3.6 Maintain temperature at 60 6 3 °C (140 6 5 °F) and

continue ultraviolet exposure for a period of 60 6 5 min.

8.3.3.7 Over a period of 60 6 5 min, decrease temperature

from 60 6 3 °C (140 6 5 °F) to room temperature, and continue ultraviolet exposure. At the end of this period, turn off the ultraviolet lamp.

8.3.4 After the specimens have been exposed to 252 cycles

(approximately 63 days), remove them from the chamber.

8.3.5 Determine and record the frost/dew point of each

specimen in accordance with the procedure described in 8.2.3 through 8.2.6.

8.4 Second High Humidity Phase:

8.4.1 Begin a second high humidity phase following 8.2.1.

8.4.2 After 672 h (28 days), remove the specimens from the

high humidity chamber.

8.4.3 Determine and record the frost/dew point in accor-

dance with instructions in 8.2.3 – 8.2.6.

8.5 If there is any discontinuity or stoppage in the testing

cycle in any phase for longer than 7 days, the duration and point in the test phase (cycle/hours) that it occurs shall be recorded and reported.

9. Measurements and Observations

9.1 Observe the following:

9.1.1 Glass breakage.

9.1.2 Any visible deposit in the cavities.

9.2 Measure the following:

9.2.1 Measure the frost/dew point of each insulating glass

unit.

NOTE 1—This figure represents the ideal cycle described in this test method. Any temperature variation within the tolerance zone shown is acceptable.

FIG. 3 Schematic Drawing of Each Cycle for Accelerated Weather Cycle Test

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10. Report

10.1 Complete Description of Specimen Tested:

10.1.1 Dimensions of the test specimen (width by height)

and overall thickness.

10.1.2 Type and thickness of glass.

10.1.3 Glass coatings and surface locations if applicable.

10.1.4 Cavity thickness(es).

10.1.5 Spacer composition(s) and configuration(s).

10.1.6 Corner construction.

10.1.7 Type and number of spacer connecting methods/

components.

10.1.8 Desiccant type and quantity, if provided.

10.1.9 Presence and type of tube, if applicable.

10.1.10 Presence and type of gas fill plug, if applicable.

10.1.11 Sealant type(s) and dimensions, if provided.

10.1.12 Manufacturer and manufactured date (month or

quarter, if known, and year).

10.2 Duration of Test:

10.2.1 Duration of high humidity phase described in 8.2

(number of days).

10.2.2 Duration of accelerated weather cycle phase de-

scribed in 8.3 (number of cycles).

10.2.3 Duration of the second high humidity phase de-

scribed in 8.4 (number of days).

10.2.4 Duration of any additional testing including type and

order of testing and number of cycles or days.

10.2.5 Any interruption of the test longer than 7 days as

noted in 8.5.

10.3 Glass breakage, if observed.

10.4 Frost/dew point of each unit, if observed, during and

after testing as required in 8.1–8.5.

10.5 Any visible deposit(s) in the cavity.

11. Precision and Bias

11.1 Precision and Bias—The precision and bias of this test

method for measuring the frost/dew point of insulating glass durability performance are essentially as specified in Test Method E546.

12. Keywords

12.1 IGU performance; IGU seal durability; insulating glass

units; insulating glass units (IGU)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

(1) Wilson, A. G., and Solvason, K. R., “Performance of Sealed Double Glazing Units,” National Research Council of Canada, Division of Building Research, Research Paper No. 168, October 1962.

(2) Wowak, E., and Wilson, A. G., “Condensation on a Double Wood Window,” National Research Council of Canada, Division of Build-ing Research, Report No. 146, August 1958.

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