appendix.pdf

Appendices

Appendix A

*Approximate conversions to SI units.

**To convert from metric units to imperial units, multiply by the reciprocal of the conversion factor.

ENGINEERING CONVERSION FACTORS*

Quantity From Imperial

Units Multiply By To Metric

Units**

Mass lb kip (1000 lb) ton (short)

0.453 592

0.453 592

0.907 184 kg metric ton (1000 kg) metric ton

Mass/unit length plf 1.488 16 kg/m

Mass/unit area psf lb/sy

4.882 43

0.542 492 kg/m 2 kg/m 2

Mass density pcf 16.018 5 kg/m 3

Force lb kip

4.448 22

4.448 22

N k N

Force/unit length plf klf

14.593 9

14.593 9

N/m kN/m

Pressure, stress, modulus of elasticity psf ksf psi ksi

47.880 3

47.880 3

6.894 76

6.894 76

Pa kPa kPa MPa

Bending moment, torque ft-lb ft-kip

1.355 82

1.355 82

N • m kN • m

Volume/unit area gal/sy 4.527 19 L/m 2 in ft yd mi in2 ft2 yd2 ac mi2 fl oz gal ft3 yd3 oz lb T

°F fc fl lbf lbf/in2 millimeters meters meters kilometers square millimeters square meters square meters hectares square kilometers milliliters liters cubic meters cubic meters grams kilograms megagrams (or "metric ton")

Celcius temperature lux candela/m2 newtons kilopascals mm m m km mm2 m2 m2 ha km2 mL L m3 m3 g kg Mg (or "t")

°C lx cd/m2

N kPa

25.4 0.305 0.914 1.61

645.2 0.093 0.836 0.405 2.59

29.57 3.785 0.028 0.765

28.35 0.454 0.907

5 (F – 32)/9 or (F – 32)/1.8

10.76 3.426

4.45 6.89 inches feet yards miles square inches square feet square yards acres square miles fluid ounces gallon cubic feet cubic yards ounces pounds short tons (2000 lb)

Fahrenheit temperature foot-candles foot-Lamberts poundforce poundforce per square inch

SI* (MODERN METRIC) CONVERSION FACTORS

APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS

LENGTH

AREA

VOLUME

MASS

NOTE: Volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3.

TEMPERATURE (exact)

ILLUMINATON

FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS

Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol

*SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with section 4 of ASTM E 380.

Appendix B

SI* (MODERN METRIC) CONVERSION FACTORS

APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS

mm m m km mm2 m2 m2 ha km2 mL L m3 m3 g kg Mg (or "t")

°C lx cd/m2

N kPa millimeters meters meters kilometers square millimeters square meters square meters hectares square kilometers milliliters liters cubic meters cubic meters grams kilograms megagrams (or "metric ton")

Celcius lux candela/m2 newtons kilopascals inches feet yards miles square inches square feet square yards acres square miles fluid ounces gallon cubic feet cubic yards ounces pounds short tons (2000 lb)

Fahrenheit temperature foot-candles foot-Lamberts poundforce poundforce per square inch in ft yd mi in2 ft2 yd2 ac mi2 fl oz gal ft3 yd3 oz lb T

°F fc fl lbf lbf/in2

Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol

0.039 3.28 1.09 0.621

0.0016 10.764 1.195 2.47 0.386

0.034 0.264 35.71 1.307

0.035 2.202 1.103

1.8C + 32

0.0929 0.2919

0.225 0.145

LENGTH

AREA

VOLUME

MASS

TEMPERATURE (exact)

ILLUMINATON

FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS

*SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with section 4 of ASTM E 380.

Appendix B (cont.)