3index.pdf

INDEX

— A —

Abbreviations 5 Acronyms 3 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene pipe (ABS) 411, 522 Additives 134, 135, 143–145, 147–149, 151–153, 161–164, 166, 182–185, 188, 197, 201–204, 207, 210, 215–217, 229, 231, 269, 453, 493, 494, 503, 535, 537, 549, 598, 607

Adhesives 153, 265, 278, 286, 360, 361, 380, 459, 471, 476, 479, 480, 488, 533, 538, 554, 563, 564, 571, 574, 579–581, 585, 589–591, 607

Admixtures air-entraining 265, 267, 270, 276, 393, 501, 502, 535, 540 chemical 143, 148, 152, 265, 267, 393, 504, 535

Aggregate courses, treated 122, 123, 143–148, 150, 151, 153, 156 Aggregate for asphalt surface treatment 201–204, 207, 221, 222, 224–228, 451–453, 494, 500, 501–503 base 134, 135, 143, 496, 498 bed course 122, 451, 452 blotter 143, 148, 152, 504 choker 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 213, 214, 504 concrete riprap 113 emulsified asphalt concrete pavement 203, 225, 453, 500 emulsified asphalt-treated base 143, 148 granular backfill 124, 131, 495 grout 486, 487 hot asphalt concrete pavement 160–167, 182–184, 186, 188, 197, 199, 200, 243, 498–500, 505 mortar 489 Portland cement concrete 143, 148, 236, 238, 265–270, 272, 275, 276, 279, 289, 292–294, 393–395, 495, 512, 513, 539, 540 select granular backfill 124, 131, 422, 496 sheathing 496 slurry seal 148, 149, 215–219, 503, 504 subbase 496, 498 surface course 134, 135, 143, 357, 496, 498

Aggregate stabilization 106, 139, 148–150

Aggregate stockpiled 18, 19, 21, 134, 136–140, 163–165, 184, 186, 217, 221, 225, 439

Aluminum alloy bridge rail 340, 342, 343, 576, 578 plate 441, 442, 524, 580 structural 441, 442, 524, 576

Anchorage devices 294, 295, 298, 304, 360, 361, 598, 599 Anchors, ground 128–130, 597–599 Antidesiccant 463, 554 Asphalt acceptance procedures 19, 20, 30, 33, 168–180, 190–196, 201, 204, 211, 214, 218, 225, 227, 232, 235, 238, 241 antistrip additive 160, 161, 163, 164, 166, 182, 183–185, 188, 197, 201, 207, 494 application temperatures 161, 166, 182, 187, 188, 198, 202, 208, 211, 213, 217, 222, 224, 230, 237, 240, 241, 425, 493 cement 20, 28, 143, 160, 161, 163, 164, 166, 170, 180–183, 185, 187, 190, 196–199, 220–222, 227, 231, 236, 238, 240, 241, 243, 491, 494, 537 certification 19, 20, 21, 23, 32, 33, 198, 208, 229 cutback 20, 28, 201, 206, 207, 213, 214, 220, 221, 224, 227, 243, 491, 529 emulsified 20, 24, 28, 143, 147, 148, 151, 152, 201–203, 206, 207, 211, 214, 218, 220–222, 224, 227, 229, 231, 236, 238, 240, 241, 243–245, 422, 491, 500, 529 mastic 400, 405, 493, 523, 524 recycling agent 493 sampling procedures 11, 20, 28, 30, 31, 163, 168–174, 179, 184, 185, 190–195, 198, 204, 205, 208, 212, 214, 216, 218, 219, 221, 227, 228, 230, 231, 241

Asphalt prime coat 213, 214, 224 Asphalt tack coat 166, 168, 187, 190, 211, 212, 241

— B —

Backfill 69, 70, 72, 73, 87, 88, 112, 115, 119, 120, 122–125, 131, 132, 354, 366, 397, 398, 400, 401, 404, 414, 416, 417, 420, 426, 430, 441, 444, 446, 448, 462, 474, 484, 504, 513 crib wall 513 drainage culvert 90, 93, 94 select granular 124, 125, 131, 132, 511, 512 special grout 512 structural 87, 88, 90, 91, 112, 119, 120, 122–125, 410, 412, 414, Backfill material 70, 72, 73, 92, 94, 119, 122, 124, 131, 132, 367, 375, 398, 399, 401, 403, 404, 412, 420, 426, 430, 441, 443, 444, 461, 462, 495, 509

Barricades 142, 243, 296, 425, 591 Barriers 82, 83, 86, 98, 369, 374, 415, 466, 469, 483, 484, 532, 533, Bearing devices 7, 281, 295, 300, 307, 317, 323, 326, 337, 338, 382, 386–390, 598 elastomeric 265, 289, 297, 310, 386, 388, 574 masonry, sole, and shim 289, 388, 390 rocker, roller, and sliding 323, 388 tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) surfaces 386, 388, 389, 574

Bed course 122, 424, 426, 451, 452, 454, 511 Bedding 72, 93–95, 348, 387, 390, 398–401, 404, 405, 407, 409, 421, 425, 441, 443, 444, 452, 509 Bituminous material 19–21, 24, 28, 201, 202, 207, 243, 424, 451, 453, 491, 523, 524 Block cellular concrete 604 masonry 527, 604

Bolted connections 329 Bolts 122, 295, 299, 308, 317, 318, 326, 327, 329, 330, 336, 338, 340, 342, 348, 350, 367, 370, 372, 373, 386, 389, 416, 442, 472, 528, 570, 572, 573, 576, 578, 583, 585, 593, 596

Bond 77, 114, 226, 241, 259, 343, 360–362, 388, 389, 398, 430, 432, 479, 480, 488, 524, 528, 530, 547, 551, 563, 571, 575, 591, 595, 596, 598, 606

Borrow 72, 79, 80, 81, 93, 107, 109, 505–507, 510 Bracing 87, 88, 257, 319, 337, 347–349, 365, 366, 370, 374, 419, 420, 531, 553 Brick 314, 604 Bridge railing 12, 285, 293, 340–344, 348, 351, 353, 356, 359, 374, 577, 578, 606 Burlap 113, 114, 278, 290, 293, 397, 462, 463, 535, 548, 549, 553,

— C —

Cable, wire 416, 529 Calcium chloride 134, 138, 155–158, 230, 600, 601, 603 Caps 251, 253, 256, 262, 300, 347, 349, 350, 358, 369, 373, 529, 570 Castings chromium alloy steel 573 gray iron 573, 605 malleable iron 570, 573, 605 steel 573, 605

Catch basins 50, 441 Cattleguards 42, 52, 58, 141, 142, 419, 420, 421 Cement blended 394, 486 masonry 486, 540

Certificate of Compliance 7, 19–21, 28, 229, 311, 488, 601, 602 Certification 18, 22, 24, 28, 30, 33, 57, 346, 528, 564, 566, 571, 600, production 18, 24, 31, 32, 258, 298, 302, 315, 321, 345, 371, 481 products 7, 19, 20, 22, 28, 33, 198, 208, 229, 267, 268, 294, 298, 299, 311, 317, 318, 319, 345, 355, 368, 394, 399, 461, 472, 488, 489, 537, 541, 542, 544, 546, 548, 557, 567, 570, 571, 601, 605

Check dams 84 Choker aggregate 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 213, 214, 241, 242, Cleaning existing drainage structures 64, 142, 447 Clearing and grubbing 40, 52, 57, 62, 68, 72, 82, 108, 109, 137, 139, 346, 419, 439, 465 Cofferdams 8, 87–89, 92, 376 Color coating 265, 608 Completion date 224 Concrete bonding 77, 114, 259, 360, 362, 529 curing 124, 145–147, 149, 150, 153, 157, 259, 265, 269, 274, 276–278, 285, 290–292, 300–302, 307, 308, 311, 374, 394, 396, 397, 423, 436, 535, 536, 567, 603, 605 curing materials 143, 146–148, 150–153, 265, 393, 535 finishing 73, 74, 145–147, 150, 151, 153, 259, 265, 279, 285–294, 302, 310, 341, 342, 348, 360, 372, 374, 396, 423, 424, 436, 567, minor structures 393, 397, 416, 495 painting 377, 384, 385 patching 292, 308, 396 pipe 296, 404–406, 446, 521, 555 prestressed 10, 248, 250, 257, 259, 266, 267, 274, 297–300, 302–309, 315, 353, 364, 375, 567, 597 protective coatings 377, 384, 385, 606 structural 127, 248, 265–279, 281–297, 308, 310, 311, 340, 353, 357, 360, 362, 437, 495, 535 Conduit 9, 24, 338, 396 Conformity with plans 11, 15, 28, 30, 87, 101–103, 272, 378, 439, 516, 524 Contracting Officer (CO) 2, 8, 9 Contractor quality control 30–32 sampling and testing 19, 30

Control charts 249, 302, 487, 490 Copper flashings 541 water stops 541 water tube and fittings 607

Corrugated metal units 606 Crib walls 122, 123, 127, 130, 513, 596 Culverts 24, 41, 52, 58, 69, 90, 93, 94, 141, 142, 265, 282, 292, 293, 375, 398, 399, 401, 404, 407, 408, 441, 445, 455, 523, 555 Curb and gutter 166, 187, 198, 208, 289, 290, 295, 302, 340, 353, 374, 422, 423, 426, 451, 452, 519, 520, 570, 604, 606 Curbing bituminous concrete 424, 425 precast concrete 122, 422, 424 reflecting concrete 424 stone 422

Curing material 265, 393, 422, 535, 603

— D —

Damage claims 127 Definitions 7 Delineator 471, 474, 475, 582–584 Detours 16

Dewatering 87, 89, 93, 94, 285 Dimensioned masonry 427, 428, 431, 434, 515–517 Disposing of material 64, 65, 69, 70, 72, 85, 87, 93, 94, 98, 107–109, 132, 134, 152, 168, 190, 214, 225, 235, 245, 253, 256, 262, 341, 354, 358, 377, 378, 417, 419, 437, 439, 446, 456, 461, 465, 468, 471, 474

Ditches 62, 70, 73, 79, 81, 83, 84, 91, 98, 107, 141, 142, 152, 157, 376, 451

Dowels 103, 129, 258, 286, 308, 347–349, 351, 472, 529, 570, 576 Drainage 16, 72, 83, 85, 98, 142, 363, 420 dips 42, 50, 52, 58, 109 ditches 70, 73, 107 downdrains 448, 449 drains 24, 42, 50, 52, 56, 58, 64, 73, 81, 83–85, 107, 112, 128, 129, 142, 318, 338, 351, 410, 561, 562 excavation 73, 81, 107 materials 398, 410, 434, 522–524, 538, 557, 558, 561–563 structures 56, 64, 70, 112, 128, 129, 372, 426, 446, 447 underdrains 24, 410, 411, 413, 455, 562

Drawings and plans 9, 15, 27, 30, 31, 33, 35, 46, 56 Drilled shafts 284 Driller’s mud 608 Dust control 155–157, 186, 234, 235 palliative 155–157, 600, 601, 603

— E —

Earth embankment 23, 62, 66, 72–74, 76–81, 90, 91, 94, 98, 107–109, 354, 357, 401, 409, 417, 439, 443, 444, 592

Elastomeric bearings 265, 289, 297, 310, 386, 387, 574 compression joint seals 265, 317, 576

Electrical materials 278, 314 Electrical systems 260, 301 Electrochemical requirements 512 chloride content 134, 138, 155–158, 230, 487, 512, 535, 600, 603 pH 512, 536, 543, 546, 547, 600, 601 resistivity 512, 541 sulfate content 135, 138, 155, 158, 496, 499, 500, 502, 503, 505, 512, 600

Eliminated work 302, 342, 434 Embankment compaction 62, 72, 74, 76–78, 90, 91, 94, 113, 115, 123, 125, 132, 136, 443, 444, 453 construction 62, 72–79, 88, 91, 94, 107, 109, 112–115, 117–120, 122–125, 127, 128, 132, 135, 139, 141, 143, 145, 146, 148, 150, 592–596 hand-placed 112, 113, 115, 117, 118, 518, 519 mechanically placed 113, 117, 118, 518 Emulsified asphalt 20, 24, 28, 143, 147, 148, 151, 152, 201–203, 206, 207, 211, 214, 218, 220–222, 224, 227, 229, 231, 236, 238, 240, 241, 243–245, 422, 491, 500, 529

Epoxy 121, 343, 360, 361, 384, 479, 528, 587, 588, 594, 598 -coated gabions 121 -coated reinforcing steel 283, 314, 316, 528 markings 471, 476, 478, 479, 587 resin adhesive 265, 360, 471, 476, 479, 574, 575, 591, 607

Equipment aggregate spreaders 135, 136, 140, 203, 209, 223, 225 curbers 424, 425 distributors 20, 24, 96, 149, 155, 156, 222–225, 231 graders 198, 208 mixers 164, 186, 197, 202, 207, 216, 217, 270, 271, 452 nonagitating 272 pavers 165–168, 187, 189, 198, 202, 203, 208, 226, 424 pugmills 202, 452 rollers 74, 76–78, 106, 125, 132, 136, 142, 156, 157, 168, 189, 198, 199, 203, 204, 208, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 244, 288, 305, 453, 479

Erosion control 16, 23, 66, 82–86, 89, 105–107, 109, 112, 132, 363, 458, 460, 466, 469, 547, 553, 555, 557 blankets and mats 23, 76, 82, 84, 86, 108, 109, 112, 132, 460, 548–552 check dams 84 diversions 84 filter barriers 82, 83 geotextile 560 netting 23, 85, 460, 548, 549, 551 outlet protection 83, 84 sandbags 82, 84, 88, 94, 555 sediment basins 83, 86 silt fence 83, 86, 555–557, 561 slope drains 83, 84 slope protection and stabilization 23, 66, 72, 73, 83, 84, 106, 109, 439, 458 straw/hay bales 82, 83, 86, 547, 555 tackifiers 12, 82, 107, 109, 458, 459, 554 turf establishment 23, 83, 84, 458, 460, 468, 469, 470, 547, 554

Evaporation 230, 279, 280, 290 Excavation 9, 11, 13, 21, 23, 52, 57, 62, 64, 65, 70, 72–81, 87–95, 98, 101, 103, 107, 109, 123, 125, 132, 148, 132, 253, 399, 404, 407, 410, 420, 422, 424, 425, 439, 461, 462, 484 borrow 72, 79–81, 107, 109, 510 roadway 9, 11, 64, 72, 73, 76, 79, 91, 98, 107, 123, 125, 405, 543 rock blasting 76, 79, 87, 100–104 structural 69–73, 87–95, 352, 354, 357, 430, 441, 446 topsoil 73, 79, 439, 456, 461, 543 unsuitable 13, 73, 74, 77, 81, 88, 93, 94, 109, 132, 142

Excelsior blanket 549 Explosives 100–103, 608

— F —

Fabric, welded wire 316, 529, 593 Facilities and services (Contractor-furnished) 15, 16, 18–20, 22, 35, 46, 274, 311, 315 Falsework 9, 276, 281, 285, 287, 317, 337, 363–366, 368, 370, 371, 376, 388, 430 design of 295, 319, 363, 364, 366, 367, 370 foundations 9, 363, 368, 369 manufactured assemblies 363, 368 over roadways and bridges 364, 369, 370 removal of 340, 374, 376, 592

Fence 24, 69, 83, 419, 420, 421, 531, 532, 534, 555, 557, 561 barbed wire 419, 420, 531, 532 chain link 419, 531 woven wire 419, 531, 532

Fertilizer 82, 84, 99, 107, 109, 458–462, 465, 468, 544 Fiberglass roving 552 Filter barrier 82, 83

Filter fabrics 243, 357, 410, 556, 557, 561 erosion control 83, 557 paving geotextile 240–242, 557 sediment control 557 separation geotextile 557, 559 subsurface drainage 557, 558, 561

Floors plank 350 steel grid 317, 574

Fly ash 143–154, 265, 266, 269, 277, 366, 393–395, 486, 487, 494, 512, 513, 540, 603

Fog seal 224, 226, 493 Forms 89, 168, 190, 204, 259, 273, 276, 278, 281–286, 290, 292, 293, 299–301, 305, 337, 341, 363–367, 371–376, 395–397, 422–424, 430, 435–437, 452, 453, 567, 592, 604, 609

Foundation fill 87, 90–95, 132, 509 Framing 278, 348, 369 Furrow ditches 73, 79, 81

— G —

Gabions 119–121, 125, 127, 130, 514, 594–596 Galvanized coatings 121, 317, 342, 348, 351, 355, 373, 386, 483, 524, 533, 574, 582, 583, 593, 594, 596, 605 Gaskets 330, 343, 398, 400, 404, 405, 407, 448, 540 Gates 419, 421, 483, 531, 532 Geocell 82, 458, 548, 553 Geocomposite 410, 412, 413, 557, 561, 562 pavement edge drain 412, 413, 563, 564 sheet drain 411–413, 563

Geotextiles 23, 76, 82, 105, 106, 112, 115, 117–124, 135, 240–242, 244, 357, 410–414, 550, 556–564

Glass beads 471, 476, 478, 479, 586–590 Grease 598 Grinding 64, 65, 231, 258, 289, 292, 321, 322, 340, 388, 436 Ground anchors 128–130, 597, 598, 599 Ground cover 461, 463, 464 Grout 89, 113, 265, 284, 286, 294, 295, 297, 307, 308, 310, 360, 361, 389, 393, 419, 432, 433, 435, 437, 441, 451, 452, 454, 486–488, 490, 512, 598, 603

Guardrail 24, 340, 415–418, 531, 533 hardware 416, 533

Guardwall 285, 374, 432

— H —

Hardware guardrail 415–417, 532, 533 timber structures 345, 348, 353, 357, 570 traffic signs 471, 483, 583, 585

Hauling vehicle 18, 20, 24, 25, 27, 77, 78, 136, 146, 167, 188, 189, 197, 203, 208, 226

Hot recycled asphalt concrete pavement 160–166, 171, 180–184, 186, 187, 193, 196, 197, 199, 200

Hydraulic cement 486, 487

— I —

Inlets 73, 141, 399, 405, 408, 446, 448, 449, 538 Inspection 10, 30, 31, 84, 85, 89, 132, 252, 310, 314, 315, 336, 345, 355, 373, 451, 461, 463, 481, 567, 570, 571 at the nursery 548 at the plant 297, 298, 318, 345, 422, 528 of construction 30, 84, 89, 132, 157, 256, 263, 281, 288, 301, 302, 336, 356, 371, 395, 463, 464, 528 visual 74, 112, 117, 136, 141, 157, 321, 435

Intent of Contract 15, 435

— J —

Jacking 261, 282, 298, 302, 303, 304, 305, 368, 430, 598 Jetted piles 254, 256 Joint fillers and sealants backer rod 236, 237, 539 cold-poured 538 foam 538 hot-poured 537 low-modulus silicone 538, 539 preformed 423, 435, 537, 538

Joints curb 423, 425, 519 hot asphalt concrete pavement 168, 190, 199, 237, 244 Portland cement concrete pavement 423 saw cutting 237 sidewalk 289 stone masonry 431–433, 436 structural concrete 258, 278, 281, 285, 286, 292, 397, 569 treated aggregate course 145, 146, 150, 153

Jute mesh 549

— L —

Labor, general 15, 27, 35, 46, 56, 112, 117, 355, 363 Laboratory, field 157, 197, 198, 207, 208, 216, 232, 268, 274, 488, Ladder rungs 605 Latex modifier 265, 393, 535, 536 Layout of work 10, 104, 298, 347, 461, 473 Legume inoculants 544 Lighting systems 591 Lignin sulfonate 134, 138, 155, 157, 158, 601 Lime 203, 540, 543 hydrated 134, 138, 143–154, 197, 201, 207, 494, 540, 603 quicklime 603

Limestone 82, 458, 459, 465, 468, 519, 543, 544 Lining, plastic 84, 607 Linseed oil 265, 377, 384, 606 Load restrictions 146, 150, 295 Lumber 26, 122, 345–347, 349, 352, 357, 359, 367, 370, 416, 483, 531, 567, 570, 571 Lump sum 26, 27, 32, 33, 67, 71, 81, 86, 92, 97, 180, 181, 196, 197, 206, 264, 296, 312, 316, 339, 344, 352, 356, 359, 362, 385, 392, 397,

— M — Maintenance of the roadway 16, 43, 73, 109, 157, 226, 232 of the work 9, 43, 53, 58, 82, 83, 85, 98, 132, 139, 157, 203, 214, 463, 466, 469

Manholes 166, 187, 198, 446, 538, 605 Markers 35, 41, 50, 52, 58, 107, 295, 455, 471, 475, 476, 479, 480, 484, 582, 584, 590, 591 Masonry 89, 112, 289, 388, 390, 427–438, 486, 515, 516, 517, 527, 540, 603, 604 Material

Contractor-furnished sources 19, 22, 96, 353, 355, 477, 543 found in the work 72, 73, 76, 405, 439 Government-designated sources 19, 21, 22, 72, 73, 96, 134, 405, Government-furnished sources 134, 135, 219, 228, 353, 354, 356 handling 18, 78, 101, 137, 139, 140, 257, 258, 269, 271, 272, 281, 307, 311, 337, 346, 357, 379, 386, 446, 548, 592, 608 inspection 19, 20, 28, 31, 112, 117, 143–145, 281, 298, 310, 314, 318, 345, 355 local sources 21, 76, 554 source management 19, 21, 22, 72, 73, 76, 96, 167, 172, 189, 193, 221, 268, 320, 456, 461, 468, 519, 543, 554, 603 storage 18, 69, 73, 88, 100, 101, 137, 139, 140, 143, 152 , 165, 216, 231, 461, 469, 486, 487, 490, 526, 527, 562, 565, 586, 588, 592, 608 unsuitable 13, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 88, 93, 94, 109, 132, 141, 142, 148, 198, 208, 320, 451, 461, 486, 528, 570

Matting 108, 548–553 Measurement methods 23–28 Medians 415 Milling pavement 234, 235 Mineral filler 134, 135, 137, 160, 161, 163, 182–184, 201, 215–217, Mineral slurry (driller’s mud) 608 Mineral spirits 377, 383, 606, 608 Mobilization 392 Monuments 41, 52, 58, 455 Mortar 112, 113, 259, 265, 270, 281, 283, 285, 286, 289, 292, 293, 297, 307, 308, 310, 342, 372, 396, 424, 425, 427, 452, 486, 489, 490, for masonry 112, 429–436, 540 for pipe joints 112, 422, 539

Mulch 23, 82, 84, 85, 98, 99, 107, 109, 458–461, 463, 465, 466, 545, grass straw cellulose fiber 459, 546 hay 545 peat moss 546 sawdust 546 straw 545, 547, 550, 555 wood cellulose fiber 459, 545, 550 wood chips 463, 545

— O —

Oakum 540 Object markers 295, 471, 475, 582, 584 Operations, limitations 237, 287, 378

— P —

Pads, elastomeric bearing 265, 297, 310, 386, 387, 574 Paint 35, 46, 56, 248, 262, 308, 330, 342, 343, 373, 377, 378–383, 385, 387, 416, 471, 476, 478, 479, 526, 527, 582, 584–586 Painting 317, 340, 343, 345, 351, 377–379, 382, 385, 398, 425, 455, 473, 478, 479, 484, 526 concrete structures 385 galvanized surfaces 383, 416 pavement 478 steel piles 262, 380, 382, 383 steel structures 308, 380, 382 timber structures 383

Partial payment 180, 181, 196, 206, 392 Paved waterways 451, 452, 454 Pavement markings epoxy 121, 471, 476, 478, 479, 587 paint 35, 50, 476–478 permanent 476, 477 polyester 471, 476, 478, 479, 588 preformed plastic 471, 476, 479, 589 raised 471, 476, 479, 480, 590, 591 temporary 471, 590 thermoplastic 471, 476, 479, 589

Pavement smoothness 136, 146, 150, 153, 170, 192

Pavements concrete grinding 231 concrete restoration 147, 151, 153, 165, 186, 229, 230, 232, 233 crack and joint sealing 168, 190, 231, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 244, 537 dense-graded emulsified asphalt 203, 500, 501 hot asphalt concrete 204, 241, 498, 499 hot recycled 161–165, 182–186 milling 234, 235 minor asphalt concrete 207 open-graded emulsified asphalt 203, 204, 209, 500, 501 Portland cement concrete 143–145, 147, 148, 150–154, 236, 486, 495, 537, 585, 589, 591, 592 surface treatment 12, 74, 134–138, 141, 153, 155–157, 166, 168, 170, 172, 182, 187, 189, 190, 192, 194, 197–199, 201, 203, 207–209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 218, 220, 227, 229, 231, 232, 235, 237, 238, 240, 243, 244, 502

Payment adjustments 7, 22, 28, 130, 157, 158, 164, 174, 178, 180, 181, 185, 195, 196, 198, 206, 208, 209, 232, 447 bond 392 final 32, 180, 181, 196, 206, 231, 392 partial 180, 181, 196, 206, 392 pricing of adjustments 130, 157, 158, 174, 178, 181, 195 progress 32, 180, 196, 206, 392

Pegs, for sod 468, 554 Performance bond 392 Permits and responsibilities 16, 43, 53, 58, 84, 100, 101, 127, 230, 232, 250, 272, 273, 287, 313, 318, 356, 378, 392 pH 512, 536, 543, 546, 547, 600, 601 Piles 90, 128, 129, 248–264, 292, 345, 348, 349, 352, 358, 366, 566–569 Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP) 259, 260 concrete 90, 248, 250, 251, 257–260, 567, 568 driven 90, 127, 248–250, 252–257, 259, 260, 262–264, 568 dynamic formula 254, 255 hammers 248–257, 260 load test 248–251, 257, 259–261, 264 preboring 251, 255, 256, 264 sheet 90, 248, 569 shoes 264, 569 splices 248, 251, 253, 255–259, 264 steel 251, 257, 258, 260, 262, 569 steel H-piles 248, 569 steel pipe 248, 263, 569 steel shell 248, 258, 263, 568 timber 248, 251, 252, 257, 259, 260, 262, 345, 352, 366, 566, 569 wave equation 250, 251, 254, 259, 260

Pilot car 226 Pipe 10, 24, 83, 84, 128, 411, 521 cast iron soil 607 polyethylene 411, 522, 597, 598, 606 polyvinylchloride (PVC) 407–410, 522, 598, 606 seamless copper 607

Pipe culverts 24, 84, 94, 95 aluminum-alloy 398, 399, 401, 446, 447, 523–525 asphalt-coated 398, 399, 401, 410, 446, 447, 523, 524 concrete 404, 446, 447 concrete-lined 398, 399, 401, 446, 447, 525 ductile iron 398, 399, 401, 446, 447, 523 erosion control 84, 555 fiber-bonded 398, 399, 401, 446, 447, 524 metallic-coated 398, 399, 401, 410, 446, 447, 523, 525 plastic 407, 408, 410, 446, 447 polymer-coated 398, 399, 401, 446, 447, 524 repair of damaged coatings 398, 399, 401, 441, 446, 447, 525 salvaged 69, 446, 447 slotted drain 398, 399, 401, 446, 447, 524, 525 spiral rib 446, 447, 525 structural-plate 441, 446, 447, 523, 524 underdrains 24, 410–414, 523

Plant establishment period 461, 463 Plant material 461, 462, 463, 464, 547, 548 Plants 19, 21, 135, 143, 145, 164–167, 185–189, 197–199, 202, 207–209, 249, 270, 272, 298, 303, 317, 318, 422, 486, 494, 567 Plastic lining 84, 607 markings 476, 479, 480, 589 pipe 407–410, 521, 522, 564, 598 sheeting 301, 471, 473, 581, 583, 585 water stops 542, 543

Plate, structural 40, 286, 441–445, 523, 524, 570 Polyethylene pipe 407–411, 522, 597 Polypropylene mesh 550 Polypropylene roving 553 Polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe 407–410, 522, 598, 606 Posts delineator 471, 474, 475, 582, 583 fence 24, 83, 419–421, 555 guardrail 416–418, 533 sign 471, 474, 475, 582

Posttensioning 295, 303, 306, 598, 599 Precast concrete units 122, 124, 248, 250, 257–259, 282, 285, 297, 298, 300, 302, 307, 315, 353, 372, 374, 417, 419, 422, 424, 521, 567, 604, 606

Preconstruction conference 281, 282 Presplitting 76, 100, 103 Prestressing steel 295, 297–300, 302–304, 306, 375, 529, 530, 567, Pretensioning 298, 299, 302–306 Prime coat 213, 214, 224, 262 Primer 101, 373, 380–382, 479, 484, 527 Progress payment 32, 180, 181, 196, 206, 276 Protection environmental 7, 82–86, 106, 378, 446 of forest, parks, and public lands 17, 74, 82, 103 of property and landscape 63, 76, 83, 84, 103, 106, 112, 277, 378, of public, property, and workers 100, 103, 377–379 of traffic 16, 17 of utilities 375, 459 of vegetation 62, 63, 66, 108, 211, 459

— Q —

Quality control 30–32, 101, 157, 168, 170, 171, 182, 190–193, 201, 220, 232, 297, 298, 310, 355, 557, 571 for concrete mix 134, 144, 148, 162–164, 183–185, 268, 272–275

— R —

Rail box beam 340, 415, 416, 532, 533 metal beam 415, 417, 532, 533 steel-backed timber 415–418, 532, 533

Reconditioning existing drainage structures 141, 142, 446, 447 road 141, 142, 439

Records 18, 31, 33, 36, 39–42, 47, 50–52, 57, 58, 101, 104, 273, 277, 300–302, 304, 310, 325, 361, 481

Reinforcing steel 35, 127, 129, 248, 281, 287, 291, 296, 297, 299, 300, 310, 311, 313–316, 340, 353, 357, 364, 371, 393, 395, 419, 422, 441, 444, 451, 472, 528, 529, 530, 567, 604 epoxy-coated 314, 316, 528 splices 124, 259, 263, 315, 316

Removal of forms and falsework 374–376 individual trees or stumps 63–68, 107–109 structures and obstructions 69–71, 122, 142, 244, 245, 261, 262, 340–344, 354, 415–419, 446, 447, 471, 474, 475 unsuitable materials 13, 74, 77, 109, 141, 142, 148, 172, 178, 193, 198, 208, 253, 258, 274, 286, 291, 292, 299, 315, 371, 422, 451, 461, 463, 554

Rental equipment 481, 482 Responsibility for the public 103, 378 the work 16, 22, 30, 43, 53, 58, 96, 101, 127, 230, 232, 250, 272, 273, 278, 313, 318, 356 Restrictions, load 146, 150, 366, 367, 368 Retaining walls 122, 123, 127–130, 292, 372 Retarder 143–146, 148–150, 152, 153, 270, 366, 395, 535, 598 Retroreflective sheeting 416, 471, 579–581, 583–585 Right-of-way 11, 70, 455 Riprap 84, 106, 112–116, 354, 514, 515 keyed 113, 116 mortared 113, 116 loose 112, 113, 115, 116

Road reconditioning 141, 142, 439 Roadway obliteration 98, 99, 440

Rock blasting 87, 100–104, 608 Rock embankment 72–74, 76–78, 103, 117, 118, 518, 519 Rocker, roller, and sliding bearings 7, 323, 338, 386–388, 390 Rope, wire 252, 416, 529 Roving fiberglass 552 polypropylene 553

Rubber, water stops 541 Rubble masonry 427–429, 431, 434, 516, 517

— S —

Sandbags 82, 84, 88, 94, 555 Scales 18, 19, 165, 186, 249, 269, 573 Schedule for construction 82, 129, 271, 279, 287, 325 Sealants 236–242, 266, 537, 538, 539, 580 Sediment retention structures 83 Seed 82, 84, 98, 99, 107, 109, 458–460, 469, 544, 545 Seeding 23, 85, 107, 109, 440, 456, 458–460, 469, 547 Select borrow 510 Select granular backfill 124, 125, 131, 132, 511, 512 Select topping 511 Shear connector, welded stud 317, 574 Sheathing 115, 370, 496 Sheet lead 317, 574 Shoring 9, 87, 88, 92, 365, 376 Shrubs, planting 461–464 Sidewalk 12, 69, 98, 288, 289, 606 Signals, traffic 591 Signs 16, 241, 354, 469, 471–475, 484, 580, 581, 583, 584 Silt fence 83, 86, 555, 556 Sisal mesh netting 549 Slope paving 166, 167, 187, 189, 234, 519, 520 Slopes finishing 73, 74, 76, 453 rounding 73, 79, 81

Slurry, mineral (driller’s mud) 608 Slurry seal 215–219, 231, 236, 238, 503, 504 Sod 76, 468, 469, 554 Sodding 23, 468, 469, 470, 547 Sodium chloride 603

Soil erosion 16, 23, 66, 82–86, 89, 105–107, 109, 112, 132, 363, 458, 460, 469, 547–552, 555, 557, 560

Solicitation 2 Source 205 Special grout backfill 512, 513 Spillways 448, 449, 451 Spray finish 607 Sprigging 554 Staking 35, 43, 45, 46, 47–59, 422, 463 tolerances 37, 41, 48 Station 12, 26, 31–33, 39, 40, 41, 50, 51, 57 Statistical acceptance evaluation of work 31, 17–180 pay factor 174–181 quality level 31, 174–180

Steel forgings 317, 573 Steel pins and rollers 317, 327, 573 Steel pipe 248, 317, 398, 402, 410, 483, 484, 523–525, 568, 569, 574, Steel, structures 317–340, 370, 380–383, 527 Stockpiled aggregates 18, 19, 21, 134, 136–140, 163–165, 184, 186, 217, 221, 225, 228 Stone masonry 427–438, 515–518 Stringers 122, 322, 326, 350, 351, 357, 358, 369, 370, 373, 375 Striping (see Pavement markings) 476–480, 585–591 Structural metal 40, 122, 258, 281, 297, 310, 317, 318, 320–322, 325, 327, 338, 339, 419, 483, 533, 569, 570, 572–578, 594, 605 Structure excavation 69–73, 87–95, 352, 354, 357, 430, 441, 446 Structures 24, 35, 42, 45, 56, 63, 64, 69–73, 82, 83, 87, 95, 112, 119, 120, 157, 166, 187, 198, 208, 363, 376, 393, 397, 410–414, 419, 426, 446, 447, 451–455, 483, 484, 604, 605 aluminum 340, 342, 343, 384, 398–402, 410, 441–445, 523, 525, 576, 578, 596, 605, 606 prestressed concrete 248, 250, 257, 259, 274, 297–312, 315, 353, 364, 375, 567 sediment retention 83 steel 129, 317, 340, 370, 377, 380, 383, 398, 402, 410, 441, 445, 483, 484, 523, 525, 527, 532, 568, 569, 574, 606 stone masonry 427, 438, 515, 518 timber 122, 123, 248, 251, 252, 257, 259, 262, 340, 343, 345, 353, 355, 357, 359, 366, 367, 369, 370, 377, 383, 384, 415, 417, 419, 483, 527, 532, 534, 566, 567, 569, 570, 571

Subcontractor 8, 12, 251 Subgrade stabilization 12, 76, 81, 148, 152–154, 603 Surface treatment, asphalt 147, 151, 174, 195, 220, 224, 228, 502, 503 Survey and staking 35, 59 Suspension of work 174, 195 System of International (SI) Units prefixes 4 symbols 4, 612, 614

— T —

Tackifiers, stabilizing emulsion 82, 107, 458, 554 Tar 262 Target value (TV) 12, 134, 163, 164, 170, 171, 175, 184, 185, 190, 192, 194, 202, 204, 268, 497, 499, 501, 505, 507, 587 Test piles 249, 253, 260, 262, 264 Tested conformance 169, 191, 219, 228 Timber structures 122, 123, 248, 251, 252, 257, 259, 262, 340, 343, 345–353, 355, 357, 359, 366, 367, 369, 370, 377, 383, 384, 415, 417, 419, 483, 527, 532, 534, 566, 567, 569, 570, 571

Topping 510, 511 Topsoil 73, 79, 81, 105, 114, 439, 456, 457, 461, 462, 468, 469, 543 Traffic construction limitations 16, 240, 286, 353, 354, 365, 369, 416, control 16, 17, 63, 146, 150, 153, 218, 226, 238, 241, 295, 370 control, permanent 440, 476, 477, 580 control, temporary 16, 226, 241, 369, 477, 580, 591 control devices 241, 296, 369, 425, 591 interference with 16, 63, 150, 153, 157, 354 maintenance of roadway 16, 17, 147, 151, 157, 214, 226, 232, 237, 241, 425, 456 pavement markings 476, 480, 584, 591 signing material 471, 475, 579–584

Treated timber 122, 123, 248, 257, 262, 345, 347, 352, 359, 566, 567, Tree planting 461, 463, 547, 548, 553, 554 wound dressing 463, 554

Tremies 284 Trusses 313, 319, 322, 323, 326–329, 347, 351 Tubular steel piles 569 Turf establishment 83, 84, 468, 554 Twine 553

— U —

Unclassified borrow 93, 510 Underdrains 24, 410–414, 455, 523, 562 Untreated timber 248, 345–347, 352, 359, 566, 570 Utilities 69, 375, 459

— V —

Vegetation 62, 63, 65, 74, 87, 93, 96, 98, 105, 152, 603 establishment 74, 98

Vines 13, 461–464

— W —

Walls alternate retaining 127–130 crib 122, 123, 127, 130, 513, 596 gabions 125, 127, 130, 594, 595, 596 mechanically stabilized earth 124–127, 130, 592, 593, 594

Washers 295, 317, 329, 331–336, 342, 348, 349, 483, 570, 572, 578, 583, 585, 593, 596

Water 96 pollution 82–86 supply 96, 97

Water stops 286, 541, 542 Water systems 216, 606 Watering 96, 97, 462, 463, 469 Waterproofing 240, 262, 290, 291, 373, 397, 412, 463, 535, 557, 562 Waterways, paved 451–454 Wave equation 250–252, 254, 259, 260

Weather conditions 36, 47, 155, 166, 187, 198, 203, 208, 211, 213, 217, 224, 230, 237, 240, 275–281, 346, 396, 425, 434, 453, 458, 469, Weighing devices 18, 19, 145, 167, 188, 269 procedures 18, 19, 24, 26, 27, 231, 232

Welded stud shear connectors 317, 574 Welding 258, 299, 307, 308, 315–317, 319, 323, 325, 328, 329, 336, 342, 343, 347, 355, 373, 388, 398, 416, 448, 483, 533, 551, 564, 568, 593–595

Wheel guards and railings 351 Wire aluminum 340, 576 barbed 419, 420, 531, 532 cable 416, 529 chain link 531 mesh 119, 120 rope 252, 416, 528, 529 welding 340, 576 woven 419, 531, 532

Work completion of 15, 31, 33, 43, 53 control of 16, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 43, 53, 58, 82, 100, 101, 103, 131, 132, 164, 172, 173, 182, 186, 193, 194, 198, 201, 208, 220, 224, 225, 230, 249, 253, 272, 273, 281, 282, 294, 295, 318, 319, 430, 437, 439 elimination of 302, 342, 434 layout of 104, 162, 163, 183, 185, 197, 201, 202, 207, 215, 266, 267, 268, 297, 298, 299, 386, 393, 394, 395 statistical evaluation of 31, 144, 148, 170, 171, 174–180, 192, 193, 204 Working drawings 88 Woven paper netting 549