700part2.pdf

Section 712—Joint Material

712.01 Sealants, Fillers, Seals, & Sleeves

Conform to the following:

(a) Joint Sealants & Crack Fillers. Furnish a commercial certification identifying the batch and/or lot number, material, quantity of batch, date and time of manufac-ture, and name and address of the manufacturer. Conform to the following:

(1) Concrete joint sealer, hot-poured elastic type.............ASTM D 1190

(2) Joint sealants, hot-poured, for concrete and asphalt pavement...................................................................ASTM D 3405

(3) Crack filler, hot-applied, for asphalt concrete and Portland cement concrete pavements.........................ASTM D 5078

(4) For proprietary asphalt-rubber products, furnish the following:

(a) Source and grade of asphalt cement.

(b) Total granulated rubber content and mass, as a percent of the asphalt-rubber mixture.

(c) Granulated rubber type(s) and content of each type (if blend).

(1) Mass as a percent of combined rubber.

(2) Gradation of granulated rubber.

(d) Type of asphalt modifier, if any.

(e) Quantity of asphalt modifier and mass as a percent of asphalt cement.

(f) Other additives.

(g) Heating and application temperatures.

(h) Manufacturer’s recommended application procedures.

(b) Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers. Furnish in a single piece for the depth and width required for the joint:

(1) Preformed expansion joint filler for concrete (bituminous type)......................................................AASHTO M 33

(2) Preformed sponge rubber expansion joint fillers for concrete paving and structural construction..........AASHTO M 153

(3) Preformed cork expansion joint fillers for concrete paving and structural construction1 ............................AASHTO M 153

(4) Preformed expansion joint fillers for concrete paving and structural construction (nonextruding and resilient bituminous types)......................................................AASHTO M 213

1 Do not use in concrete structures.

(c) Preformed Joint Seals & Sleeves. Furnish material in accordance with the following:

(1) Paving Applications. Furnish a polychloroprene elastomeric seal conforming to AASHTO M 220. Use a lubricant adhesive with a minimum solids content of 22 percent by weight, in accordance with ASTM D 2369, and a maximum peel strength of 10 MPa, in accordance with ASTM D 903. Use within 9 months of manufacture.

(2) Manhole, Inlet, & Drainage Applications. Furnish a multisectional neoprene rubber and ethylene propylene dimonomer rubber seal with a minimum thickness of

1.5 mm. Before shipping, coat the rubber with a nonhardening butyl rubber sealant to produce a watertight seal when installed. Properties and values are shown in table 712-1.

Section 712

(d) Foam Filler. Furnish an expanded polystyrene filler having a compressive strength of not less than 70 kPa.

(e) Cold-Poured Sealer. Furnish a one-part, low-modulus silicone rubber-base joint-sealing compound conforming to FSS TT–S–1543, class A, with an ultimate elongation of 1,200 percent.

Table 712-1.—Preformed joint seals.

Physical Properties ASTM Test

Method EPDM Neoprene Butyl Mastic

Tensile (MPa) D 412 10 12 – Elongation (%) D 412 440 230 280 Tear resistance D 624 (Die B) 40 20 – Rebound (%, 5 min) C 972 (mod.) – – 11 Rebound (%, 2 h) C 972 (mod.) – – 12

(f) Low-Modulus Silicone Joint Sealant. Furnish a one-part silicone formulation conforming to the following:

(1) Flow, MIL–S–8802................................................... 8 mm max.

(2) Extrusion rate, MIL–S–8802..................................... 75 to 250 g/min

(3) Tack-free time, MIL–S–8802.................................... 20 to 75 minutes

(4) Specific gravity, ASTM D 792, method A.................1.010 to 1.515

(5) Durometer hardness, shore A, ASTM D 2240........... 10 to 25

(6) Tensile stress at 150% elongation, ASTM D 412.......520 kPa max.

(7) Elongation, ASTM D 412..........................................500% min.

(8) Peel (adhesion), MIL–S–8802................................... • 9 kg with

• 75% cohesive failure

(9) Age from manufacturing........................................... 6 months max.

(g) Backer Rod. Furnish a closed-cell polyethylene conforming to ASTM D 3204, type 1. Use a compatible sealant as recommended by the manufacturer of the rod.

Select size as shown in table 712-2.

Section 712

Table 712-2.—Backer rod sizes.

712.02 Joint Mortar

Furnish Portland cement and fine aggregate conforming to Subsections 701.01 and 703.01, respectively. Mix one part Portland cement and two parts approved sand, with water as necessary to obtain a usable consistency. Use the mortar within 30 minutes after mixing.

Joint Width Rod Diameter

8 mm 9 mm 9 mm 13 mm

13 mm 16 mm 16 mm 19 mm 19 mm 25 mm 25 mm 32 mm 32 mm 38 mm 38 mm 50 mm

712.03 Watertight Gaskets

For ring gaskets for rigid pipe, conform to AASHTO M 198, type A or B. For ring gaskets for flexible metal pipe, conform to ASTM C 361M. For continuous flat gaskets for flexible metal pipe with bands or bands with projections, conform to ASTM D 1056, grade SCE 41, and use a gasket with a thickness 13 mm greater than the nominal depth of the pipe corrugations. For continuous flat gaskets for flexible metal pipe with corrugated bands, conform to ASTM D 1056, grade SCE 43, and use a 9-mm-thick gasket.

712.04 Oakum

Fabricate oakum from a thoroughly corded and finished hemp (Cannabis sativa) line, Benares Sunn fiber, or a combination thereof that is reasonably free from lumps, dirt, and extraneous matter.

712.05 Mortar for Masonry Beds & Joints

(a) Composition. Mix one part masonry cement, Portland cement, or air-entraining Portland cement with two parts fine aggregate by volume. Lime or fly ash may be added in an amount not to exceed 10 percent of the Portland cement by weight. In lieu of air-entraining cement, Portland cement may be used with an air-entraining admixture, in accordance with the applicable provisions of Subsections 552.06 and 552.08.

(b) Material. Conform to the following:

(1) Masonry cement/Portland cement..............................701.01

(2) Fine aggregate........................................................... 703.01 or

AASHTO M 45

(3) Hydrated lime............................................................725.03

(4) Fly ash.......................................................................725.04

(5) Water........................................................................725.01

(6) Air-entraining admixtures..........................................711.02

(c) Comprehensive Strength. Use mortar with a minimum 28-day comprehensive strength of 14 MPa when tested according to AASHTO T 22 and T 23, except that samples shall consist of cylinders with a length-to-diameter ratio of 2 to 1.

Section 712

712.06 Copper Water Stops or Flashings

Furnish sheet copper for water stops or flashings that conform to AASHTO M 138M, copper USN number C11000. The resistivity test is not required.

712.07 Rubber Water Stops

Furnish molded or extruded rubber with a uniform cross section that is free from porosity or other defects. If approved, an equivalent standard shape may be furnished.

Fabricate rubber water stops from a compound of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or a blend of the two, together with other compatible material. Do not use any reclaimed material. Furnish a certification from the producer showing the composition of the material. Conform to the following:

(a) Hardness (shore), 30211 ............................................. 60 to 70

(b) Compression set, 33111 .............................................30% max.

(c) Tensile strength, 41111 .............................................. 17 MPa min.

(d) Elongation at breaking, ASTM D 412.......................450% min.

(e) Tensile stress, 300% elongation, 41311 ...................... 6 MPa min.

(f) Water absorption by weight, 66311 ............................ 5% max.

(g) Tensile strength after aging, 71111 .............................80% of original, min.

1 Federal Test Method Standard number 601.

712.08 Plastic Water Stops

Fabricate from a homogeneous, elastomeric, plastic compound of basic PVC and other material. Form to a uniform cross section that is free from porosity and other defects. If approved, an equivalent standard shape may be furnished. Conform to the following:

(a) Tensile strength, ASTM D 638M..............................9.6 MPa min.

(b) Elongation at breaking, ASTM D 638M....................250% min.

(c) Hardness, ASTM D 2240.......................................... 60 to 75 shore

(d) Specific gravity, 50111 ...............................................Manufacturer’s value ± 0.02

(e) Resistance to alkali,2 ASTM D 543:

(1) Mass change....................................................... – 0.10 to + 0.25%

(2) Hardness change................................................. ± 5 shore max.

(3) Tensile strength change.......................................15% max.

(f) Water absorption (48 hours), ASTM D 570...............0.50% max.

(g) Cold bending3 ............................................................ No cracking

(h) Volatile loss, ASTM D 1203.....................................Not more than manufacturer’s value

1 Federal Test Method Standard number 406.

2 Use a 10 percent solution of NaOH for a 7-day test period.

3 Subject a 25 ∞ 150-mm strip that is 3 mm thick to a temperature of 29 °C for a period of 2 hours. After the 2 hours, immediately bend the sample 180° around a 3-mm-diameter rod.

Apply sufficient force to maintain contact with the rod during bending. Examine the sample for evidence of cracking. Test and report results for at least three individual samples from each lot.

Furnish the manufacturer’s test results for the above properties with the product certification. If directed, furnish samples in lengths adequate for performing the specified tests.

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Section 713—Roadside Improvement Material

713.01 Topsoil

(a) Furnished Topsoil. Furnish fertile, friable, free-draining, sandy loam soil free of subsoil, refuse, stumps, roots, brush, weeds, rocks or stones larger than 25 mm, and other substances detrimental to the development of vegetative growth. Dem-onstrate that the soil will sustain healthy crops of grass, shrubs, or other plant growth. Furnish material that conforms to the following:

(1) Texture:

(a) Organic matter, AASHTO T 267......................... 3 to 10%

(b) Sand, AASHTO T 88.......................................... 20 to 70%

(c) Silt, AASHTO T 88............................................ 10 to 60%

(d) Clay, AASHTO T 88.......................................... 5 to 30%

(2) pH, AASHTO T 289................................................. 6 to 8

(b) Conserved Topsoil. Conserve natural humus-bearing soils from the overlying portions of the roadway excavation and embankment areas, in accordance with Subsection 203.06(e).

713.02 Agricultural Limestone

Furnish calcic or dolomitic ground limestone conforming to the standards of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, applicable State and Federal regulations, and the following:

(a) Purity (calcium and magnesium) carbonates..............75% min.

(b) Gradation..................................................................Table 713-1

Granulated slag or other approved natural sources of lime may be used, provided that the application rate is adjusted to equal the total neutralizing power of the specified ground limestone.

Table 713-1.—Agricultural limestone gradation.

Section 713

713.03 Fertilizer

Furnish standard commercial-grade dry formulated fertilizer conforming to the standards of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, applicable State and Federal regulations, and required minimum percentages of available nutrients.

Supply the fertilizer in new, clean, sealed, and properly labeled containers with name, weight, and guaranteed analysis of contents clearly marked.

A liquid form of fertilizer containing the minimum percentage of available nutrients may be used.

713.04 Seed

Furnish seed that conforms to FSS JJJ–S–181 for seed testing and quality, and is in conformance with the State Seed Acts. If seed species in the specified seed mix are not listed in FSS JJJ–S–181, furnish certified weed-free seed. Do not use wet, moldy, or otherwise contaminated or damaged seed.

Provide seeds as follows:

(a) Furnish each seed type in a separate standard sealed container. Clearly label each container with the following:

(1) Name and type of seed.

(2) Lot number.

(3) Net weight.

(4) Percent of purity, germination, and hard seed.

(5) Percent of maximum weed seed content.

Inoculate legume seed with approved cultures, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Sieve Size

Minimum % by Weight Passing Designated Sieve

(AASHTO T 27)

2 mm 90 425 µm 50

(b) Furnish a product certification for each kind or type of seed, certifying that the seed was tested by a recognized laboratory within 6 months of the date of delivery. Include the following:

(1) Name and address of testing laboratory.

(2) Date of test.

(3) Seed identification.

(4) Test results showing the percentages of purity, germination, and weed content.

(5) Certified weed-free seed.

713.05 Mulch

(a) Straw. Obtain straw for mulching from oats, wheat, rye, or other grain crops that are free from weeds, mold, and other objectionable material. Furnish straw mulch in an air-dry condition suitable for placing with mulch blower equipment.

(b) Hay. Obtain hay from herbaceous mowing. Ensure that it is free from weeds, mold, and other objectionable material. Furnish hay in an air-dry condition suitable for placing with mulch-blower equipment.

(c) Wood Fiber. Furnish processed wood fiber from wood chips that is:

(1) Colored with a green dye noninjurious to plant growth.

(2) Readily dispersible in water.

(3) Nontoxic to seed or other plant material.

(4) Free of growth or germination inhibiting substances.

(5) Certified weed-free seed.

(6) Air dried to an equilibrium moisture content of 12 ± 3 percent.

(7) Packaged in new, labeled containers.

(8) Packaged in a condition appropriate for mixing in a homogeneous slurry suitable for application with power-spray equipment.

Section 713

(d) Grass Straw Cellulose Fiber. Furnish processed grass straw fiber that is:

(1) Colored with a green dye noninjurious to plant growth.

(2) Readily dispersible in water.

(3) Nontoxic to seed or other plant material.

(4) Free of growth- or germination-inhibiting substances.

(5) Certified weed-free seed.

(6) Air dried to a moisture content of 10 ± 0.2 percent.

(7) Air dried to a uniform weight of ± 5 percent.

(8) Packaged in new containers labeled with the manufacturer’s name and air-dry weight.

(9) Packaged in a condition appropriate for mixing in a homogeneous slurry suitable for application with power-spray equipment

(e) Sawdust. Obtain sawdust from wood that has not been subjected to conditions that would cause the sawdust to lose its value or usefulness as mulch. Ensure that sawdust contains no toxic substances and has been naturally aged for at least 5 years.

(f) Peat Moss. Furnish a granulated sphagnum peat moss that is air dried, in con-formance with State and Federal regulations, and meets the following requirements:

(1) Sticks, stones, and mineral matter...................................... 0%

(2) Partially decomposed stems and leaves of sphagnum........75% min.

(3) Color .................................................................................Brown

(4) Texture ..............................................................................Porous fibrous to spongy fibrous

(5) pH .....................................................................................3.5 to 7.5

(g) Mature Compost. Furnish partially decomposed organic materials, such as leaves, grass, shrubs, and yard trimmings, cured for 4 to 8 weeks. Maturity is indicated by temperature stability and soil-like odor. Furnish friable, dark brown, weed- and pathogen-free mature compost with the following properties:

(1) Carbon/nitrogen ratio.................................................25:1 to 35:1

(2) Carbon/phosphorus ratio............................................120:1 to 240:1

(3) pH .............................................................................6.0 to 7.8

(4) Water content............................................................40% max.

(5) Particle size:

(a) Seeding and sodding........................................... 12 mm max.

(b) Erosion control.................................................... 25 mm max.

(6) Organic material........................................................50% min.

(7) Manmade inserts (plastic, glass, and metal)............... 2% max.

(h) Straw for Hydroseeding. Use clean agricultural straw. Mill fibers to 25 mm or less in length. Dry the fibers to 10 percent moisture for compaction. Bale in heat-sealed plastic bags.

(i) Bonded Fiber Matrix Hydramulch. Furnish a mixture of long wood fibers and bonding agent that, when hydraulically applied and dried, produces a matrix that:

(1) Does not dissolve or disperse when wetted.

(2) Holds at least 1,000 g of water per 100 g of dry matrix.

(3) Has no germination- or growth-inhibiting factors.

(4) Forms no water-insensitive crust.

(5) Contains material that is 100 percent biodegradable.

713.06 Plant Material

Conform to “American Standard for Nursery Stock.”

(a) Quality of Plant Material. Furnish plants that are excellent representatives of their normal species or varieties. Ensure that all plants are nursery grown stock that has been transplanted or root-trimmed two or more times, in accordance with the kind and size of plants. Furnish plants with a normal developed branch system that is free from disfiguring knots, sun-scald, injuries, abrasions of the bark, dead or dry wood, broken terminal growth, and other objectionable disfigurements.

Furnish trees that have reasonably straight stems and are well branched and symmetrical, in accordance with their natural habits of growth.

(b) Plant Names. For scientific and common plant names, conform to “Standard-ized Plant Names,” as adopted by the American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature. Legibly tag and identify all plants by name and size.

(c) Grading Standards. For grading of plants, conform to “American Standard for Nursery Stock,” as approved by ANSI.

(d) Nursery Inspection and Plant Quarantine. Furnish plants that are essentially free from plant diseases and insect pests.

Comply with all nursery inspection and plant quarantine regulations of the States of origin and destination, and with Federal regulations governing interstate movement of nursery stock. Provide a valid copy of the certificate of inspection with each package, box, bale, and carload shipped or otherwise delivered.

(e) Balled & Burlapped Plants. Obtain the plants from the original and undis-turbed soil in which the plants were grown. Dig balled and burlapped plants to retain as many fibrous roots as possible. Wrap, transport, and handle the plants so the soil ball and small and fibrous roots remain intact.

713.07 Erosion Control Mats, Roving, & Geocell

(a) Erosion Control Mats. Erosion control mats are designated as types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, described below.

(1) Type 1—Erosion Control Mats. Type 1 mats are designated as follows:

(a) Straw Erosion Control Mat. Furnish a mat consisting of clean agricultural straw, in accordance with Subsection 713.05(a), that is attached to a photo-degradable polypropylene netting by sewing with cotton thread. Ensure that material conforms to the specifications shown in table 713-2.

Section 713

Table 713-2.—Straw erosion control mat.

a. Moisture content shall not exceed 20 percent.

b. Dimensions are approximate and may vary to meet manufacturer’s standards.

Material Specification Minimums

Straw a 240 g/m 2

Netting Photodegradable netting on one side.

5- to 20-mm square mesh with a b

1.5 kg/100 m weight. 2

(b) Burlap. Furnish burlap fabric in a standard weave with a weight of 145 ± 20 g/m2.

(c) Jute Mesh. Furnish jute mesh with a uniform open plain weave fabricated from jute yarn that does not vary in thickness by more than one-half its normal diameter, and that conforms to the following:

(1) Mesh size........................................................................... 25 ∞ 25 mm max.

(2) Mesh weight, ASTM D 1776.............................................0.5 kg/m2 ± 5%

(d) Woven Paper or Sisal Mesh Netting. Furnish mesh netting of woven paper or woven sisal twisted yard conforming to the following:

(1) Mesh openings................................................................... 3 to 6 mm

(2) Shrinkage after wetting......................................................20% max.

(2) Type 2—Erosion Control Mats. Type 2 mats are designated as follows:

(a) Straw and Coconut Mat. Furnish mat consisting of undyed, untreated, biode-gradable, jute, coconut coir, synthetic polypropylene fibers, or other approved yarn woven into a plain weave mesh with 16- to 25-mm square openings. Ensure that material conforms to the specifications shown in table 713-3.

Section 713

Table 713-3.—Straw and coconut mat.

a. Moisture content shall not exceed 20 percent.

b. Dimensions are approximate and may vary to meet manufacturer’s standards.

(b) Excelsior Blanket. Furnish a blanket of uniform thickness consisting of curled wood excelsior secured on the top side to biodegradable, photodegradable extruded plastic mesh. Make the blanket smolder resistant without the use of chemical additives. Conform to the following:

(1) Excelsior fibers • 200 mm length.......................................80% min.

Material Specification Minimums

Straw a 70% 240 g/m 2

Coconut 30% 240 g/m 2

Netting Photodegradable netting on one side.

16- to 25-mm square mesh with a b

1.5 kg/100 m weight. 2

(2) Mesh size........................................................................... 25 ∞ 50 mm

(3) Blanket mass/area..............................................................0.53 ± 0.05 kg/m2

(c) Mulch Blanket. Furnish a 3- to 13-mm-thick blanket consisting of organic, biodegradable mulch such as straw, curled wood cellulose, coconut coir, or other material evenly distributed on one side of a photodegradable polypropylene mesh with a minimum weight of 0.27 kg/m2.

(3) Type 3—Coconut Mats. Furnish coconut mat consisting of undyed, untreated, biodegradable jute, coconut coir, synthetic polypropylene fibers, or other approved yarn woven into a plain weave mesh with approximately 16- to 25-mm square openings. Ensure that material conforms to the specifications shown in table 713-4.

(4) Type 4—Synthetic Erosion Control Mats and Meshes. Type 4 erosion control mats are designated as follows:

(a) Synthetic Erosion Control Mat. Furnish a machine-produced flexible mat consisting of polyolefin monofilament fibers positioned between two biaxially oriented nets, and mechanically bound together by parallel stitching with polyolefin thread to form a three-dimensional weblike weave that is highly resistant to environmental and chemical deterioration. Ensure that material conforms to the specifications shown in table 713-5.

(b) Synthetic Polypropylene Mesh. Furnish a flexible woven geotextile mesh fabricated from polypropylene fibers that have been spun in one direction. Ensure that material conforms to the specifications shown in table 713-6.

(c) Synthetic Mulch Control Netting. Furnish a uniformly extruded, rectangular, plastic mesh netting with 50 ∞ 50-mm nominal mesh openings and weighing at least 8 g/m2.

Table 713-4.—Coconut erosion control mat.

a. Do not permit moisture content to exceed 20 percent.

b. Dimensions are approximate and may vary to meet manufacturer’s standards.

Material Specification Minimums

Coconut a 240 g/m 2

Netting Photodegradable netting on one side.

16- to 25-mm square mesh with a b

1.5 kg/100 m weight. 2

(d) Organic Mulch Control Netting. Furnish a leno weave mesh netting fabricated from 12.7-kg biodegradable cellulose fiber yarn with five twists per 25 mm. Make the size of the mesh grid 13 to 25 mm square. Finish the selvedge to prevent raveling or fraying.

(5) Type 5—Turf Reinforcement Mats. Furnish a web of mechanically or melt bonded polymer netting, monofilaments, or fibers that are entangled to form a strong and dimensionally stable mat. Bonding methods include polymer welding, thermal or polymer fusion, and the placement of fibers between two high-strength, biaxially oriented nets mechanically bound together by parallel stitching with polyolefin thread. Ensure that the mat is resistant to biological, chemical, and ultraviolet degradation. Ensure that material conforms to the specifications shown in table 713-7.

Table 713-5.—Synthetic erosion control mat.

a. Values for both machine and cross-machine directions under dry or saturated conditions. Machine direction specimen for 50-mm strip test includes one machine-direction polyolefin stitch line centered within its width and extending the full length of the specimen.

b. Calculation based upon weight, thickness, and specific gravity.

c. The percent of original thickness retained after three cycles of a 690-kPa load for 60 seconds, followed by 60 seconds without load. Thickness measured 30 minutes after load removed.

d. Tensile strength retained after 1,000 hours in a Xenon ARC weatherometer.

Table 713-6.—Synthetic polypropylene erosion control mesh.

Property Specification Test Method

Color Thickness Strength a Elongation a Porosity b Resiliency c Ultraviolet stability d

Green 6 mm (min.)

1,590 x 525 N/m (min.)

50% (max.)

85% (min.)

80% 80%

Visual

ASTM D 1777

ASTM D 5035

ASTM D 5035

Calculated

ASTM D 1777

ASTM D 4355

Property Specification Test Method

Color Weight Tensile strength Elongation at break Mullen burst strength

Beige 2 59 g/m (min.)

6,700 x 3,700 N/m 40% (max.)

515 kPa (min.)

Visual

ASTM D 5261

ASTM D 5035

ASTM D 5035

ASTM D 3786

(b) Roving. Roving types are described below.

(1) Fiberglass Roving. Form fiberglass roving from continuous fibers drawn from molten glass, coated with a chrome-complex sizing compound, collected into strands and lightly bound together into roving without the use of clay, starch, or other similar deleterious substances. Wind the roving into a cylindrical package approxi-mately 300 mm high so the roving can be continuously fed from the center of the package through an ejector driven by compressed air and expanded into a mat of glass fibers on the soil surface. Ensure that the material contains no petroleum solvents or other agents known to be toxic to plant or animal life, and that it conforms to the specifications shown in table 713-8.

Section 713

Table 713-7.—Synthetic polypropylene erosion control mat.

a. Values for both machine and cross-machine directions under dry or saturated conditions using 50-mm strip method.

b. Calculation based upon weight, thickness, and specific gravity.

c. The percent of original thickness retained after three cycles of a 690-kPa load for 60 seconds, followed by 60 seconds without load. Thickness measured 30 minutes after load removed.

d. Tensile strength retained after 1,000 hours in a Xenon ARC weatherometer.

Table 713-8.—Fiberglass roving.

Property Specification Test Method Color Thickness Tensile strength a

Elongation a

Porosity b

Resiliency c

Ultraviolet stability d

Black 13 mm (min.)

1,370 x 790 N/m 50% (max.)

90% (min.)

80% 80%

Visual

ASTM D 1777

ASTM D 5035

ASTM D 5035

Calculated

ASTM D 1777

ASTM D 4355

Property Specification Test Method

Strands per rove 56−64 End count Fibers per strands 184−234 End count Fiber diameter (trade designation G)

0.009−0.013 mm ASTM D 578 m/kg of rove 340−600 m/kg ASTM D 578 km/kg of strand 2.62−2.82 ASTM D 578 Organic content, % max. 1.65 ASTM D 578

(2) Polypropylene Roving. Form polypropylene roving from continuous strands of fibrillated polypropylene yarn. Wind the roving into a cylindrical package so the roving can be continuously fed from the outside of the package through an ejector driven by compressed air, and can be expanded into a mat of polypropylene strands.

Ensure that the material contains no agents that are toxic to plant or animal life, and that it conforms to the specifications shown in table 713-9.

Section 713

Table 713-9.—Polypropylene roving.

(c) Geocell (Cellular Confinement System). Furnish a flexible honeycomb three-dimensional structure fabricated from HDPE that has been ultraviolet-stabilized with carbon black and/or hindered anime light stabilizers.

713.08 Miscellaneous Planting Material

(a) Stakes for Bracing and Anchoring. Fabricate stakes for bracing and anchoring trees from rough cypress, cedar, locust, or other approved wood that is essentially free from knots, rot, cross grain, and other defects that would impair the strength of the stake.

Ensure that stakes are a minimum 50 ∞ 50 mm square in cross section, and of adequate length. Furnish stakes that conform to basic requirements of the American Lumber Standards Committee (ALSC).

Furnish anchor stakes that conform to the same size and quality as bracing stakes.

The diameter and length of deadman will be SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

(b) Hose. Furnish 25-mm-diameter garden or steam hose (rubber and fabric) to be used with wire for bracing and anchoring trees.

(c) Wire. Use 3.8-mm-diameter soft annealed galvanized steel wire for bracing and anchoring trees.

(d) Wrapping Material. Use 100-mm-wide rolls of waterproof paper (triple lamination 30–30–30) or 150-mm-wide rolls of burlap for wrapping trees.

(e) Twine. Use two-ply twine for trees 75 mm and less in diameter and three-ply twine for trees more than 75 mm in diameter for tying wrapping material to the trees.

Property Specification Test Method Tensile strength 15.6 N ASTM D 2256 Elongation at break 15.5% ASTM D 2256 Mass of strand 360 denier ASTM D 1907 Strands per rove 24 Measured Ultraviolet stability 50% retained after 200 h

ASTM D 4355

(f) Antidesiccant. If approved, use a commercially available antidesiccant emulsion that will provide a film over plant surfaces permeable enough to permit transpiration.

(g) Tree Wound Dressing. Use commercially available products that have an asphalt base and contain a fungicide. Furnish a material that is antiseptic, waterproof, adhesive, and elastic. Do not use material that would be harmful to living tree tissue, such as kerosene, coal tar, creosote, and so forth.

713.09 Sprigs

Furnish healthy living stems (stolons or rhizomes) and attached roots of the perennial turf-forming grasses as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Obtain sprigs from approved heavy and thickly matted sources in the locality of the work. Remove all Johnson grass and other objectionable grasses, weeds, and other detrimental material.

713.10 Sod

Furnish living vigorous sod of the type of grass and thickness as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Furnish grass with a dense root system contained in suitable sod and reasonably free from noxious weeds and grasses. When the sod is cut, its top growth shall not be more than 75 mm in height.

713.11 Pegs for Sod

Fabricate square or round pegs from sound wood. Ensure that pegs conform to the following:

(a) Length.......................................................................200 mm min.

(b) Approximate cross-sectional area..............................600 mm2

713.12 Stabilizing Emulsion Tackifiers

Furnish a commercially available product containing no solvents or other diluting agents toxic to plant life. Furnish material that conforms to one of the following:

(a) Emulsified asphalt, grades SS–1, SS–1h, CSS–1, or CSS–1h.

(b) Nonasphalt emulsions with a water-soluble natural vegetable gum, blended with gelling and hardening agents or a water-soluble blend of hydrophilic polymers, viscosifiers, sticking agents, and gums.

(c) Polyvinyl acetate using emulsion resins and containing 60 ± 1 percent total solids by weight.

713.13 Bales

(a) Straw Bales. Tie the bales with either a commercial-quality baling wire or string.

Ensure that straw and bales conform to the following:

(1) Straw......................................................................... 713.05(a)

(2) Approximate length................................................... 1 m

(3) Shape........................................................................Rectangular

(4) Approximate mass..................................................... 30 kg

(b) Wood Excelsior Bales. Furnish bales of curled wood excelsior. Tie the bales with either commercial bailing wire, plastic, or string. Ensure that bales conform to the following:

(1) Approximate dimensions........................................... 400 ∞ 450 ∞ 900 mm

(2) Approximate mass..................................................... 33 kg

713.14 Sandbags

Use clean, silt-free material for sand filler. Furnish material that conforms to the following:

(a) Bag material..............................................................Canvas or burlap

(b) Volume per bag.........................................................0.01 m3 min.

713.15 Erosion Control Culvert Pipe

Furnish culvert pipe fabricated from corrugated metal, plastic, or concrete for use in diverting live streams through work areas. Provide for AASHTO M 18 loading on temporary culvert pipe placed beneath the traveled way.

713.16 Silt Fence

Furnish silt fence consisting of a combination of the following materials, constructed as specified:

(a) Posts. Furnish 75-mm-diameter wood or 1.86-kg/m steel fence posts.

(b) Supports. Furnish 2.03-mm steel wire with a mesh spacing of 150 ∞ 150 mm or a prefabricated polymeric mesh of equivalent strength.

(c) Geotextile. Furnish geotextile conforming to Subsection 714.01 and table 714-5, as applicable.

(d) Height. Ensure that minimum height above the ground is 760 mm, and that minimum embedment depth is 150 mm.

If approved, variations from the above may be permitted to accommodate premanufactured fences.

Section 714—Geotextile, Geocomposite Drain Material, & Geogrids

714.01 Geotextiles

Use long-chain synthetic polymers composed by weight of at least 95 percent polyolefins or polyesters to manufacture geotextile or the threads used to sew geotextiles. Form the geotextiles, including selvedges, into a stable network such that the filaments or yarns retain their dimensional stability relative to each other.

(a) Physical Requirements. For the specified type, see the following tables:

(1) Subsurface drainage, type I (A–F).............................Table 714-1

(2) Separation, type II (A–C)..........................................Table 714-2

(3) Stabilization, type III (A–B)......................................Table 714-3

(4) Permanent erosion control, type IV (A–F).................Table 714-4

(5) Temporary silt fence, type V (A–C)..........................Table 714-5

(6) Paving fabric, type VI................................................Table 714-6

All property values in these specifications, with the exception of apparent opening size (AOS), represent minimum average roll values in the weakest principal direction (i.e., ensure that average test results of any roll in a lot sampled for conformance or quality assurance testing shall meet or exceed the specified values).

Values for AOS represent maximum average roll values.

Elevate and protect rolls with a waterproof cover if stored outdoors. When using a geotextile for a permanent installation, limit the geotextile exposure to ultraviolet radiation to less than 10 days.

(b) Evaluation Procedures. Furnish a product certification, including the name of the manufacturer, product name, style number, chemical composition of the filaments or yarn, and other pertinent information to fully describe the geotextile.

When samples are required, remove a 1-m-long full-width sample from beyond the first outer wrap of the roll. Label the sample with the lot and batch number, date of sampling, project number, item number, manufacturer name, and product name.

S ection 714

Table 714-1.—Physical requirements for subsurface drainage geotextile.

a. The first values in a column apply to geotextiles that break at < 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632). The second values in a column apply to geotextiles that break at • 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632).

b. Maximum average roll value.

c. The minimum average roll tear strength for woven monofilament geotextile is 245 N.

d. After 500 hours of exposure.

Specifications a

Property Test Method Units Type I−A Type I−B Type I−C Type I−D Type I−E Type I−F

Grab strength ASTM D 4632 N 1,100/700 1,100/700 1,100/700 800/500 800/500 800/500 Sewn seam strength

ASTM D 4632 N 990/630 990/630 990/630 720/450 720/450 720/450

Tear strength ASTM D 4533 N 400 c /250 400 c /250 400 c /250 300/175 300/175 300/175 Puncture strength

ASTM D 4833 N 400/250 400/250 400/250 300/175 300/175 300/175

Burst strength ASTM D 3786 kPa 2,700/1,300 2,700/1,300 2,700/1,300 2,100/950 2,100/950 2,100/950 Permittivity ASTM D 4491 s–1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 Apparent opening size

ASTM D 4751 mm 0.45 b 0.25 b 0.22 b 0.45 b 0.25 b 0.22 b

Ultraviolet stability

ASTM D 4355 % 50d 50d 50d 50d 50d 50d

a. The first values in a column apply to geotextiles that break at < 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632). The second values in a column apply to geotextiles that break at • 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632).

b. Maximum average roll value.

c. The minimum average tear strength for woven monofilament geotextile is 245 N.

d. After 500 hours of exposure.

Section 714

a. The first values in a column apply to geotextiles that break at < 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632). The second values in a column apply to geotextiles that break at • 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632).

b. Maximum average roll value.

c. The minimum average tear strength for woven monofilament geotextile is 245 N.

d. After 500 hours of exposure.

Table 714-3.—Physical requirements for stabilization geotextile.

Table 714-2.—Physical requirements for separation geotextile.

Specifications a

Property Test

Method Units Type II−A Type II−B Type II−C Grab strength ASTM

D 4632 N 1,400/900 1,100/700 800/500

Sewn seam strength ASTM D 4632

N 1,260/810 990/630 720/450

Tear strength ASTM D 4533

N 500/350 400 c /250 300/180

Puncture strength ASTM D 4833

N 500/350 400/250 300/180

Burst strength ASTM D 3786 kPa 3,500/ 1,700

2,750/ 1,300

2,100/950

Permittivity ASTM D 4491 s–1 0.02 0.02 0.02

Apparent opening size

ASTM

D 4751 mm 0.60 b 0.60 b 0.60 b

Ultraviolet stability ASTM D 4355

% 50 d 50 d 50 d

Test Specifications a

Property Method Units Type III−A Type III−B Grab strength ASTM

D 4632 N 1,400/900 1,100/700

Sewn seam strength

ASTM

D 4632

N 1,260/810 990/630

Tear strength ASTM D 4533

N 500/350 400 c /250

Puncture strength ASTM D 4833

N 500/350 400/250

Burst strength ASTM D 3786 kPa 3,500/1,700 2,750/1,300

Permittivity ASTM D 4491 s–1 0.05 0.05

Apparent opening size

ASTM

D 4751 mm 0.43 b 0.43 b

Ultraviolet stability ASTM D 4355

% 50 d 50 d

S ection 714

Table 714-4.—Physical requirements for permanent erosion control geotextile.

a. The first values in a column apply to geotextiles that break at < 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632). The second values in a column apply to geotextiles that break at • 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632).

b. Maximum average roll value.

c. The minimum average roll tear strength for woven monofilament geotextile is 245 N.

d. After 500 hours of exposure.

Specifications a

Property Test

Method Units Type IV−A Type IV−B Type IV−C Type IV−D Type IV−E Type IV−F Grab strength ASTM D 4632 N 1,400/900 1,400/900 1,400/900 1,100/700 1,100/700 1,100/700 Sewn seam strength

ASTM D 4632 N 1,260/810 1,260/810 1,260/810 990/630 990/630 990/630

Tear strength ASTM D 4533 N 500/350 500/350 500/350 400 c /250 400 c /250 400 c /250 Puncture strength ASTM D 4833 N 500/350 500/350 500/350 400/250 400/250 400/250 Burst strength ASTM D 3786 kPa 3,500/1,700 3,500/1,700 3,500/1,700 2,750/1,300 2,750/1,300 2,750/1,300 Permittivity ASTM D 4491 s–1 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.1 Apparent opening size

ASTM D 4751 mm 0.43 b 0.25 b 0.22 b 0.43 b 0.25 b 0.22 b

Ultraviolet stability ASTM D 4355 % 50 d 50 d 50 d 50 d 50 d 50 d

Section 714

In addition, when geotextile joints are sewn, submit the seam assembly description and a sample of the sewn material. In the description, include the seam type, seam allowance, stitch type, sewing thread tex ticket number(s) and type(s), stitch density, and stitch gage. If the production seams are sewn in both the machine and cross-machine directions, provide sample sewn seams that are oriented in both the machine and cross-machine directions. Furnish a sewn sample that has a minimum 2 m of sewn seam and is at least 1.5 m in width. Sew the sample seams with the same equipment and procedures that are used to sew the production seams. Ensure that seams sewn onsite conform to the manufacturer’s recommendations and are approved before installation.

714.02 Geocomposite Drains

Geocomposite drains consist of a polymeric drainage core with a geotextile conforming to Subsection 714.01(a)(1) attached to or encapsulating the core. Ensure that the geocomposite drain includes all necessary fittings and material to splice one

Table 714-5.—Physical requirements for temporary silt fence.

a. Maximum average roll value.

b. Elongation at break • 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632).

c. Elongation at break < 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632).

d. After 500 hours of exposure.

Table 714-6.—Physical requirements for paving fabric.

Specifications

Property Test

Method Units Type V−A Type V−B b Type V−C c

Maximum post spacing – m 1.2 1.2 2 Grab strength:

Machine direction Cross direction

ASTM

D 4632

N N

Permittivity ASTM D 4491 s–1 0.05 0.05 0.05

Apparent opening size ASTM D 4751 mm 0.60 a 0.60 a 0.60 a

Ultraviolet stability ASTM D 4355

% 70 d 70 d 70 d

Specifications Property Test Method Units Type VI

Grab strength ASTM D 4632 N 500 Ultimate elongation ASTM D 4632 N 50% at break Asphalt retention Texas DOT item 3099 L/m 2 0.90

Melting point ASTM D 276 °C 150 sheet, panel, or roll to the next and to connect the geocomposite drain to the collector and outlet piping.

Fabricate the drainage core in sheet, panel, or roll form of adequate strength to resist installation stresses and long-term loading conditions. Furnish core material that consists of long chain synthetic polymers composed by weight of at least 85 percent polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, PVC, polyolifin, or polystyrene. Build the core up in thickness by means of columns, cones, nubs, cusps, meshes, stiff filaments or other configurations.

Ensure that geocomposite drains have a minimum compressive strength of 275 kPa when tested in accordance with ASTM D 1621, procedure A. Ensure that all splices, fittings, and connections have sufficient strength to maintain the integrity of the system during construction handling and permanent loading, and do not impede flow or damage the core.

Identify, ship, and store the geocomposite drains in accordance with AASHTO M 288. Elevate and protect sheets, panels, and rolls with a waterproof and ultra-violet-resistant cover if stored outdoors.

When using a geocomposite drain for a permanent installation, limit the geocom-posite exposure to ultraviolet radiation to less than 10 days.

When samples are required, provide a 1-m-square sample from products supplied as sheets or panels, or a 1-m-length full-roll-width sample from products supplied in rolls. Label the sample with the lot and batch number, date of sampling, project number, item number, manufacturer’s name, and product name.

(a) Geocomposite Underdrains. Ensure that the horizontal and vertical flow of water within the core interconnects at all times for the full height of the core, and water can pass from one side of the core to the other. Ensure that the drainage core with the geotextile in place provides a minimum flow rate of 0.1 L/s/m of width when tested in accordance with ASTM D 4716 under the following test conditions:

(1) A specimen 300 mm long.

(2) An applied load of 69 kPa.

(3) A gradient of 0.1.

(4) A 100-hour seating period.

(5) A closed-cell foam rubber between platens and geocomposite.

Firmly attach the geotextile to the core so folding, wrinkling, and other movement cannot occur either during handling or after placement. Achieve bonding using nonwater-soluble adhesive, heat sealing, or another method recommended by the manufacturer. Do not use adhesive on areas of the geotextile fabric where flow is intended to occur.

If heat sealing is used, do not weaken the geotextile below the required strength values. Extend the geotextile below the bottom of the core far enough to completely encapsulate the collector pipe.

(b) Geocomposite Sheet Drains. Ensure that the horizontal and vertical flow of water within the sheet drain interconnects at all times for the full height of the core.

Ensure that the drainage core with the geotextile in place provides a minimum flow rate of 0.1 liters per second per meter of width when tested in accordance with ASTM D 4716 under the following test conditions:

(1) A specimen 300 mm long.

(2) An applied load of 69 kPa.

(3) A gradient of 0.1.

(4) A 100-hour seating period.

(5) A closed-cell foam rubber between platens and geocomposite.

If core construction separates the flow channel into two or more sections, only the flow rate on the inflow face is considered in determining the core’s acceptability.

Firmly attach the geotextile to the core so folding, wrinkling, and other movement cannot occur either during handling or after placement. Achieve bonding using nonwater-soluble adhesive, heat sealing, or another method recommended by the manufacturer. Do not use adhesive on areas of the geotextile fabric where flow is intended to occur.

If heat sealing is used, do not weaken the geotextile below the required strength values. Extend the geotextile below the bottom of the core far enough to completely encapsulate a the collector pipe.

(c) Geocomposite Pavement Edge Drains. Ensure that the geotextile tightly encapsulates the geocomposite edge drain, and that the edge drains permit inflow from both sides. Ensure that the drain core with the geotextile in place provides a minimum flow rate of 3 liters per second per meter of width when tested in accordance with ASTM D 4716 under the following test conditions:

(1) A specimen 300 mm long.

(2) An applied load of 69 kPa.

(3) A gradient of 0.1.

(4) A 100-hour seating period.

(5) A closed-cell foam rubber between platens and geocomposite.

If the geocomposite polymer core separates the flow channel into two or more parts, consider only the tested flow rate of the channel facing the pavement.

Firmly attach the geotextile to the core so folding, wrinkling, and other movement cannot occur during handling or after placement. Achieve bonding using nonwater-soluble adhesive, heat sealing, or another method recommended by the manufacturer.

Do not use adhesive on areas of the geotextile fabric where flow is intended to occur.

If heat sealing is used, do not weaken the geotextile below the required strength values. Extend the geotextile below the bottom of the core far enough to completely encapsulate the collector pipe.

Furnish nonperforated plastic pipe conforming to Subsection 706.08 for all pipe and pipe fittings used for an outlet to the edge drain.

Furnish solvent cement for the outlet pipe and fittings in accordance with ASTM D 2564. Ensure that the material composition of the outlet fittings is compatible for direct solvent welding to PVC.

714.03 Geogrids

Furnish geogrids consisting of polymeric materials such as polypropylene, poly-ethylene, or polyester formed into a stable network of bars or straps fixed at their junctions such that the bars retain their relative position to each other. Ensure that the geogrid is treated to resist ultraviolet degradation, and that it conforms to the physical strength requirements shown in table 714-7 in accordance with ASTM D 4595.

Table 714-7.—Physical strength requirements for geogrids.

Category Minimum Strength at 5% Strain

(kN/m) Minimum Ultimate Strength at Breakage (kN/m) 1 9 13 2 13 21 3 17 29 4 28 61 5 53 98 6 70 125

Furnish the CO with a certificate signed by a legally authorized official from the company that manufactured the geogrid. Ensure that the certificate attests that the geogrid meets the chemical, physical, material, and manufacturing requirements stated in the specification. When requested by the CO, furnish a sample of the geogrid from each lot for verification testing.

During shipment and storage, wrap the geogrid in a heavy-duty protective covering.

Protect the geogrid from mud, soil, dust, debris, and sunlight prior to installation.

Ensure that the geogrid meets the minimum average roll values for the wide-width strip tensile strength tests performed in accordance with ASTM D 4595 for the category SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Provide test results to the CO prior to incorporating the geogrid into the work.

Ensure that the aperture size for all geogrids is from 22 to 75 mm. Square and rectangular openings are permitted. Strengths shown in table 714-7 are for both the machine and cross directions.

Section 715—Piling

715.01 Untreated Timber Piles

Conform to ASTM D 25. Fabricate the piles from the following species for the sizes and dimensions as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS:

(a) Douglas Fir

(b) Larch

(c) Norway Pine

(d) Red Oak

(e) Southern Yellow Pine

Install steel straps along the length of the pile at not more than 3-m centers. In addition, place a strap at 75, 150, and 300 mm from the tip and two additional straps within 600 mm of the butt. Use 32-mm-wide ∞ 0.8-mm-thick steel strapping material fabricated from cold-rolled, heat-treated, high-tensile steel with a minimum tensile strength of 22 kN.

Hold straps in place with clips that are secured by crimping twice in the clip length with a notch-type sealer. Fabricate the clips from 57 ∞ 0.9-mm-thick steel. The clip joint shall develop at least 75 percent of the strap tensile strength. Straps shall encircle the pile once and shall be tightened by hand-operated or power-assisted tensioning tools.

Furnish one copy each of the supplier’s certification of species and the certification that the piling meets the requirements specified in ASTM D 25.

715.02 Treated Timber Piles

Conform to Subsection 715.01, except furnish only Douglas Fir or Southern Yellow Pine piles for use in saltwater. Treat the piles with preservative in accordance with AASHTO M 133 for the types and quantities of preservatives as SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS.

Use the…