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United States Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Engineering Staff

Washington Office

EM–7700–100

August 1996 Revised

Forest Service Specifications for Construction of Roads & Bridges iii

Preface

The Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, developed this book for use in the preparation and administration of contracts for the construction of roads and bridges on the National Forest Development Road System under Public Works Contracts, or as a condition of Timber Sale Contracts.

This book contains the Standard Specifications that commonly apply in Public Works and Timber Sale Contracts. When designated in a Forest Service contract, the specifications in this book are binding on the parties signing the contract and become a part of the contract. Provisions and clauses pertinent to Public Works Contracts are located in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). Standard Provisions and Special Provisions for timber sale projects are located in the Timber Sale Contract, Divisions B (BT) and C (CT) respectively. Conditions and requirements peculiar to individual projects, including additions and revisions to Standard Specifications, are located in the SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS section of the Contract.

In the development of this book, some section numbers were not utilized. The section numbers that are not included in this book may be used when it is necessary to develop a specification that is not adequately covered in one of the sections contained in this book, as long as it utilizes the same format and is included within the appropriate division.

This book is available to the public from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. It is also available from other U.S. Government bookstores located in various cities around the country, including: Atlanta, GA; Birmingham, AL; Boston, MA; Chicago, IL; Cleveland, OH; Columbus, OH; Dallas, TX; Denver, CO; Detroit, MI; Houston, TX; Jackson-ville, FL; Kansas City, MO; Los Angeles, CA; Milwaukee, WI; New York, NY;

Philadelphia, PA; Pittsburgh, PA; Portland, OR; Pueblo, CO; and San Francisco, CA.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE ............................................................................................................. iii

DIVISION 100 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Section 101 ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, & TERMS

101.01 Terms, Organizations, & Standards

101.02 Abbreviations

Section 102 DEFINITIONS

Section 103 INTENT OF CONTRACT

Section 104 MAINTENANCE FOR TRAFFIC

104.01 Roads To Be Constructed

104.02 Use of Roads by Contractor

Section 105 CONTROL OF MATERIALS

105.01 Handling Materials

105.02 Weighing Devices

105.03 Sampling & Testing of Aggregate

105.04 Certification & Sampling of Asphalt Materials

105.05 Rights in & Use of Materials Found or Produced

on the Work

105.06 Material Sources

Section 106 MEASUREMENT & PAYMENT

106.01 Measurement & Payment

106.02 Determination of Quantities

106.03 Units of Measurement

106.04 Methods of Measurement

106.05 Price Adjustment for Asphalt Materials

106.06 Earthwork Tolerances

DIVISION 150 ENGINEERING

Section 160 Quality Control & Quantity Measurement 161 Certification for Quality & Quantity 170 Construction Staking, L-Line 171 Construction Staking, Offset L-Line 173 Construction Staking, Location Line vi

DIVISION 200 EARTHWORK

Section 201 Clearing & Grubbing 202 Removal of Structures & Obstructions 203 Excavation, Embankment, & Haul 204 Soil Erosion & Water Pollution Control 206 Structural Excavation for Major Structures 206A Structural Excavation for Minor Structures 207 Developing Water Supply & Watering 210 Closing, Obliteration, or Treatment of Existing Roads 220 Rock Blasting 221 Earthwork Geotextiles 249 Composite Road Construction

DIVISION 250 STRUCTURAL EMBANKMENTS

Section 251 Riprap 252 Special Rock Embankment & Rock Buttress 253 Gabions 254 Crib Walls 255 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls 257 Alternate Retaining Walls 259 Reinforced Soil Embankments

DIVISION 300 BASES

Section 304 Aggregate Base or Surface Course 305 Stockpiled Aggregates 306 Reconditioning Existing Road 307 Portland Cement-Treated Base—Central Plant Mix 308 Portland Cement-Treated Base—In-Place Stabilization 309 Subgrade Stabilization 310 Dust Abatement

DIVISION 400 BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS

Section 401 Major Hot Asphalt Concrete Pavement With Pay Factor 402 Major Hot Asphalt Concrete Pavement 403 Minor Hot Asphalt Concrete Pavement 404 Major Cold Asphalt Concrete Pavement 405 Minor Cold Asphalt Concrete Pavement 407 Asphalt Tack Coat

Page vii

408 Asphalt Prime Coat 409 Slurry Seal 410 Asphalt Surface Treatment 411 Miscellaneous Asphalt Pavement Seals 413 Asphalt Pavement Milling 414 Asphalt Pavement Joint & Crack Treatments 415 Paving Geotextiles 416 Asphalt Pavement Patching

DIVISION 550 BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

Section 551 Driven Piles 552 Structural Concrete 553 Prestressed Concrete 553A Precast Concrete Structures 554 Reinforcing Steel 555 Steel Structures 556 Bridge Railing 557 Timber Structures 558 Prefabricated, Modular Bridge Superstructure 559 Log Bridges 561 Structural Concrete Bonding 562 Forms & Falsework 563 Painting 564 Bearing Devices

DIVISION 600 INCIDENTAL CONSTRUCTION

Section 601 Mobilization 602 Minor Concrete Structures 603 Metal Pipe 603A Concrete Pipe 603B Plastic Pipe 605 Underdrains 606 Guardrail 607 Fences, Gates, & Cattleguards 609 Curb or Curb & Gutter 610 Stone Masonry Structures 610A Simulated Stone Masonry Surface 611 Development of Pits & Quarries 617 Structural-Plate Structures 618 Cleaning & Reconditioning Existing Drainage Structures viii

621 Corrugated Metal Spillways 622 Paved Waterways 623 Monuments & Markers 624 Topsoiling 625 Seeding & Mulching 626 Trees, Shrubs, Vines, & Ground Cover 628 Sprigging 629 Sodding 633 Signs 634 Painted Traffic Markings 637 Equipment Rental 640 Road Closure Devices

DIVISION 700 MATERIALS

Section 701 CEMENT, GROUT, & MORTAR

701.01 Cement

701.02 High-Strength Nonshrink Grout

701.03 Low-Strength Grout

701.04 Mortar

Section 702 BITUMINOUS MATERIAL

702.01 Asphalt Cement

702.02 Cutback Asphalt

702.03 Emulsified Asphalt

702.04 Application Temperatures

702.05 Recycling Agent

702.06 Asphalt Mastic

702.07 Antistrip Additive

702.08 Cold Asphalt Concrete

Section 703 AGGREGATE

703.01 Fine Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete

703.02 Coarse Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete

703.03 Granular Backfill

703.04 Sheathing Material

703.05 Subbase, Base, & Surface Course Aggregate

703.06 Crushed Aggregate

703.07 Hot Asphalt Concrete Pavement Aggregate

703.08 Cold Asphalt Concrete Pavement Aggregate

703.09 Asphalt Surface Treatment Aggregate

703.10 Slurry Seal Aggregate

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703.11 Choker Aggregate

703.12 Blotter

703.13 Aggregate for Lean Concrete Backfill

703.14 Superpave Asphalt Concrete Pavement Aggregate

Section 704 SOIL

704.01 Foundation Fill

704.02 Bedding

704.03 Backfill M aterial

704.04 Structural Backfill

704.05 Topping

704.06 Unclassified Borrow

704.07 Select Borrow

704.08 Select Topping

704.09 Bed Course

704.10 Select Granular Backfill

704.11 Special Grout Backfill

704.12 Crib Wall Backfill

Section 705 ROCK

705.01 Gabion Rock

705.02 Riprap Rock

705.03 Rock for Masonry Structures

705.04 Rock for Mechanically Placed Embankments

705.05 Rock for Hand-Placed Embankments

705.06 Stone Curbing

Section 706 CONCRETE & PLASTIC PIPE

706.01 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe

706.02 Reinforced Concrete Pipe

706.03 Perforated Concrete Pipe

706.04 Reinforced Arch-Shaped Concrete Pipe

706.05 Reinforced Elliptical-Shaped Concrete Pipe

706.06 Reinforced D-Load Concrete Pipe

706.07 Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections

706.08 Plastic Pipe

Section 707 METAL PIPE

707.01 Ductile Iron Culvert Pipe

707.02 Metallic-Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe

707.03 Aluminum-Alloy Corrugated Pipe

707.04 Asphalt-Coated Pipe

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707.05 Steel Structural-Plate Structures

707.06 Aluminum-Alloy Structural-Plate Structures

707.07 Asphalt-Coated Structural-Plate Structures

707.08 Polymer-Coated Steel Pipe

707.09 Fiber-Bonded Bituminous-Coated Steel Pipe

707.10 Slotted Drain Pipe

707.11 Metallic-Coated Spiral Rib Pipe

707.12 Aluminum-Alloy Spiral Rib Pipe

707.13 Concrete-Lined Corrugated Steel Pipe

707.14 Invert-Paved Corrugated Steel Pipe

707.15 Repair of Damaged Coatings

Section 708 PAINT

708.01 Paint, General

708.02 Paint for Timber Structures

708.03 Paint for Concrete & Masonry Block Structures

708.04 Paint for Steel Structures

708.05 Penetrating Stain

Section 709 REINFORCING STEEL & WIRE ROPE

709.01 Reinforcing Steel

709.02 Wire Rope or Wire Cable

709.03 Prestressing Steel

Section 710 FENCE & GUARDRAIL

710.01 Barbed Wire

710.02 Woven Wire

710.03 Chain Link Fence

710.04 Fence Posts

710.05 Fence Gates

710.06 Metal Beam Rail

710.07 Box Beam Rail

710.08 Steel-Backed Timber Rail

710.09 Guardrail Posts

710.10 Guardrail Hardware

710.11 Temporary Plastic Fence

710.12 Crash Cushion Barrels

710.13 Timber Rails

Section 711 CONCRETE CURING MATERIAL & ADMIXTURES

711.01 Curing Material

711.02 Air-Entraining Admixtures

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711.03 Chemical Admixtures

711.04 Latex Modifier

Section 712 JOINT MATERIAL

712.01 Sealants, Fillers, Seals, & Sleeves

712.02 Joint Mortar

712.03 Watertight Gaskets

712.04 Oakum

712.05 Mortar for Masonry Beds & Joints

712.06 Copper Water Stops or Flashings

712.07 Rubber Water Stops

712.08 Plastic Water Stops

Section 713 ROADSIDE IMPROVEMENT MATERIAL

713.01 Topsoil

713.02 Agricultural Limestone

713.03 Fertilizer

713.04 Seed

713.05 Mulch

713.06 Plant Material

713.07 Erosion Control Mats, Roving, & Geocell

713.08 Miscellaneous Planting Material

713.09 Sprigs

713.10 Sod

713.11 Pegs for Sod

713.12 Stabilizing Emulsion Tackifiers

713.13 Bales

713.14 Sandbags

713.15 Erosion Control Culvert Pipe

713.16 Silt Fence

Section 714 GEOTEXTILE, GEOCOMPOSITE DRAIN

MATERIAL, & GEOGRIDS

714.01 Geotextiles

714.02 Geocomposite Drains

714.03 Geogrids

Section 715 PILING

715.01 Untreated Timber Piles

715.02 Treated Timber Piles

715.03 Concrete Piles

715.04 Steel Shells

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715.05 Steel Pipes

715.06 Steel H-Piles

715.07 Sheet Piles

715.08 Pile Shoes

715.09 Splices

Section 716 MATERIAL FOR TIMBER STRUCTURES

716.01 Untreated Structural Timber & Lumber

716.02 Hardware & Structural Steel

716.03 Treated Structural Timber & Lumber

716.04 Structural Glued Laminated Timber

716.05 Substitution for Solid Sawn Structural Timber & Lumber

Section 717 STRUCTURAL METAL

717.01 Structural Steel

717.02 Steel Forgings

717.03 Pins & Rollers

717.04 Castings

717.05 Welded Stud Shear Connectors

717.06 Steel Pipe

717.07 Galvanized Coatings

717.08 Sheet Lead

717.09 Steel Grid Floors

717.10 Elastomeric Bearing Pads

717.11 TFE Surfaces for Bearings

717.12 Structural Aluminum Alloy

717.13 Aluminum Alloy for Bridge Rail

717.14 Aluminum Bolt Heads & Nuts

717.15 Aluminum Welding Wire

717.16 Elastomeric Compression Joint Seals

717.17 Dowels

Section 718 TRAFFIC SIGNING & MARKING MATERIAL

718.01 Retroreflective Sheeting

718.02 Test Procedures

718.03 Plywood Panels

718.04 Steel Panels

718.05 Aluminum Panels

718.06 Plastic Panels

718.07 Extruded Aluminum Panels

718.08 Paint

718.09 Silk Screen Inks

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718.10 Edge Film

718.11 Signposts

718.12 Object Marker & Delineator Posts

718.13 Hardware

718.14 Letters, Numerals, Arrows, Symbols, & Borders

718.15 Delineator & Object Marker Retroreflectors

718.16 Conventional Traffic Paint

718.17 Waterborne Traffic Paint

718.18 Epoxy Markings

718.19 Polyester Markings

718.20 Thermoplastic Markings

718.21 Preformed Plastic Markings

718.22 Glass Beads

718.23 Raised Pavement Markers

718.24 Temporary Pavement Markings

718.25 Temporary Traffic Control Devices

718.26 Epoxy Resin Adhesives

Section 720 STRUCTURAL WALL & STABILIZED

EMBANKMENT MATERIAL

720.01 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall Material

720.02 Gabion Material

720.03 Metal Bin Type Crib Walls

Section 722 ANCHOR MATERIAL

722.01 Ground Anchors

Section 723 DUST PALLIATIVE MATERIALS

723.01 Magnesium or Calcium Chloride Brine

723.02 Calcium Chloride Flake

723.03 Lignin Sulfonate

723.04 Certification & Sampling

Section 725 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL

725.01 Water

725.02 Calcium Chloride & Sodium Chloride

725.03 Hydrated Lime

725.04 Fly Ash

725.05 Mineral Filler

725.06 Precast Concrete Curbing

725.07 Clay or Shale Brick

725.08 Concrete Brick

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725.09 Concrete Masonry Blocks

725.10 Cellular Concrete Blocks

725.11 Precast Concrete Units

725.12 Frames, Grates, Covers, & Ladder Rungs

725.13 Corrugated Metal Units

725.14 Protective Coatings for Concrete

725.15 PVC Pipe for Water Distribution Systems

725.16 Polyethylene Pipe for Water Distribution Systems

725.17 Cast Iron Soil Pipe & Fittings

725.18 Seamless Copper Water Tube & Fittings

725.19 Plastic Lining

725.20 Bentonite

725.21 Epoxy Resin Adhesives

725.22 Spray Finish

725.23 Color Coating

725.24 Explosives & Blasting Accessories

725.25 Mineral Slurry (Driller’s Mud)

725.26 Form Liner

725.27 Aluminum-Impregnated Caulking Compound

APPENDICES

Appendix A Engineering Conversion Factors Appendix B SI (Modern Metric) Conversion Factors

INDEX

xv

United States Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Engineering Staff

Washington Office

EM–7700–100

August 1996 Revised

Forest Service Specifications for Construction of Roads & Bridges