PW-_Technical_Provisions.pdf

PART H

TECHNICAL PROVISIONS

TP 101 - Mobilization

TP 101

H- Revised 05/2025

MOBILIZATION

Mobilization shall include all items detailed in Article 101 of the FDOT Standard

Specifications for Road & Bridge Construction, FDOT Standard Plans, the Special Provisions and the plans, except as modified below.

Preservation of Property Corners including all items detailed in Section 7-11 of the Standard

Specifications shall be included in the contract price for mobilization.

Basis of Payment

The work and incidental costs covered under Mobilization will be paid for at the contract lump sum price and will be paid in partial payments in accordance with the following:

Percent of Original Contract Amount Allowable Percent of the Lump Sum

Earned Price for the Items

5 25

10 50

25 75

50 100

Payment shall be made under:

Pay Item:

101-1 Mobilization Lump Sum (LS)

TP 102 – Maintenance of Traffic

TP 102

H-

MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC

All Maintenance of Traffic work shall conform to the requirements of Section 102 of the

FDOT Standard Specifications for Road & Bridge Construction Standard Plan Index 102-600 of the FDOT Standard Plans, the plans, except as modified below.

The road shall be kept open to two-way traffic on a paved surface during construction except when full closures are allowed by the plans or by the Engineer, lane closure information is not required to be added into the FDOT notification system.

The Contractor shall not be permitted to isolate residences or places of business. Access shall be provided to all residences and all places of business whenever construction interferes with the existing means of access.

The Contractor shall furnish, erect and maintain all necessary traffic control devices, including flagmen and pilot cars, in accordance with the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control

Devices for Streets and Highways, published by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal

Highway Administration. The Contractor shall provide and maintain in a safe condition the entire project limits included, but not limited to pre-existing conditions, driving lanes, temporary approaches, crossings, and intersections with trails, roads, streets, business parking lots, residences, garages and completed work. The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions for the protection of the work and the safety of the public in accordance with Section 102

The Contractor shall present his signed and sealed Maintenance of Traffic Plan that is approved by Orange County Traffic Engineering to the Engineer at the preconstruction conference and shall be fully and solely responsible for the adequacy of the Maintenance of Traffic plan regardless of the source. The plan shall be signed and sealed by the contractor’s own professional engineer licensed in the State of Florida. Any proposed revisions to the approved Maintenance of

Traffic plan are required to be approved by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall be responsible for installation of signs for all business along the project corridor. Signs should be manufactured and installed in accordance with FDOT Standard

Plans. No special compensation will be made to the contractor to defray costs of any of the work or delays for complying with the requirements of installing business signs, but such costs shall be considered as having been included in the price stipulated for the Maintenance of Traffic pay item.

All materials, work and incidental costs related to Maintenance of Traffic will be paid for at the contract lump sum price. All material, labor and equipment necessary for the construction and maintenance of the entire project limits included, but not limited to pre-existing conditions, driving lanes, temporary approaches, crossings, intersections with trails, roads, streets, business parking lots, residences, garages, temporary driving lanes, side streets, driveway connections, and completed work, as may be directed by the Engineer shall be included in the contract price.

102-1 Maintenance of Traffic - Lump Sum (LS)

TP 104 - Prevention, Control and Abatement of Erosion and Water Pollution

TP 104

H- Revised 02/15/2018

PREVENTION, CONTROL and ABATEMENT of EROSION and WATER POLLUTION

LAND CLEARING

Prevention, control and abatement of erosion and water pollution shall conform to the requirements of Section 104 of the FDOT Standard Specifications for Road & Bridge Construction and National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements, except as modified below .

The Contractor shall present at the Preconstruction Conference its Storm Water Pollution

Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and a separate schedule to manage erosion and water pollution. This schedule shall include a complete outline of the proposed construction of all erosion and pollution control and abatement items required.

The Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation and submittal of the Notice of Intent

(NOI) and Notice of Termination (NOT) to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection

(FDEP) and shall obtain the FDEP Generic Permit for Stormwater Discharge from Large and

Small Construction Activities.

DEWATERING

The term treatment as used in this technical provision means the application of all FDEP approved techniques and/or methods available to remove the exceedances out of dewatering effluent except impounding. Impounding is not considered a treatment method for purposes of compensation under this technical provision.

The CONTRACTOR shall include in his/her bid all applicable costs, including monitoring, resulting from treatment and disposal of contaminated groundwater with concentration levels that exceed the allowable limits of the FDEP generic permit, and shall not be entitled to any adjustment in the Contract Price as a result of any change in the permit fees or unanticipated treatment and disposal costs.

Prior to any work commencing, and for the duration of the work, the CONTRACTOR is responsible for meeting all the conditions of the applicable permits and submitting any required reports to the appropriate agencies.

The CONTRACTOR shall dewater only in relation to the location and relocation of facilities owned by the COUNTY. No compensation shall be provided for dewatering performed for facilities that are not owned by the COUNTY.

Permitting

If exceedances are found in the dewatering effluent, the CONTRACTOR will be required to:

1. Immediately notify the COUNTY and report the exceedances that are encountered.

2. Meet with the FDEP to determine any and all alternatives that are acceptable.

3. Obtain prior COUNTY approval of treatment and disposal alternatives.

4. Obtain prior written COUNTY authorization to use pay item TP 104-14

5. Apply and obtain any and all permits and/or treatment approvals that FDEP requires including, but not limited to:

a. Generic Permit for Discharges from Petroleum Contaminated Sites (62-

621.300(1), F.A.C.). Allows discharges from sites with automotive gasoline, aviation gasoline, jet fuel, or diesel fuel contamination.

b. Permit for all Other Contaminated Sites (62-04; 62-302; 62-620 & 62-660, F.A.C.). The coverage is available only through the individual NPDES permit issued by FDEP. Allows discharges from sites with general contaminant issues, i.e. ground water and/or soil contamination other than petroleum fuel contamination.

c. Generic Permit for the Discharge of Produced Ground Water from Any Non-

Contaminated Site Activity (62-621.300(2), F.A.C.).

d. Generic Permit for Stormwater Discharge from Large or Small Construction

Activities (62-621.300(4) (a), F.A.C.).

6. Apply and obtain any and all permits and/or treatment approvals that the Water Management

District requires including, but not limited to:

a. No-Notice Short-Term Dewatering Permit (40E-20.302(3), F.A.C.) If the

CONTRACTOR’S proposed work is expected to exceed 90 days in duration, or does not meet any of the other requirements listed with the requirements of

Rule 40E-20.302(3), the CONTRACTOR must apply for and obtain a

Dewatering General Water Use Permit (40E-20.302(2) F.A.C.)

The CONTRACTOR shall not be entitled to file, or recover under, any delay claim based on preparation of permit applications and the time required for obtaining the applicable permits. If, prior to or during the dewatering, it is determined that the disposal or discharge of the dewatering effluent is not authorized by the FDEP’s Generic Permit for the Discharge of Produced Ground

Water from Any Non-Contaminated Site Activity, the CONTRACTOR shall diligently pursue further required permit(s) from FDEP or other agencies without resort to delay claims or compensation from the COUNTY for either permit application activities or the time required to obtain such permits.

The CONTRACTOR shall consider and anticipate the potential need to obtain the herein discussed permits in developing his schedule, and shall make every effort to avoid or minimize potential impacts to his critical path that might result from delays in dewatering activities due to the time necessary for the CONTRACTOR to obtain the necessary permits. The CONTRACTOR shall make every effort to schedule activities requiring dewatering as late as possible during his schedule, and shall schedule activities not impacted by dewatering as early as possible. For each day, up to a maximum of one hundred eighty (180) days that the CONTRACTOR diligently pursues such permit(s) and is unable to avoid adversely impacting his critical path, a day will be added to the time allotted to the CONTRACTOR to complete performance of the Project.

Treatment

The CONTRACTOR shall implement the appropriate treatment that is acceptable to FDEP, COUNTY, and, if necessary, the Water Management District to attain compliance for all exceedances encountered during dewatering activities. Treatments may include, but are not limited to: chemical treatment, ion exchange treatment, filtration, and disposal of discharged groundwater in a properly permitted facility.

The CONTRACTOR shall:

1. Make every effort to minimize the spread of contamination into uncontaminated areas;

2. Provide for the health and safety of all workers at the job site and make provisions necessary for the health and safety of the public that may be exposed to any potentially hazardous conditions;

3. Ensure such provisions adhere to all applicable laws, rules or regulations covering hazardous conditions in a manner commensurate with the level of severity of the conditions;

4. If necessary, provide contamination assessment and remediation personnel to handle site assessment, determine the course of action necessary for site security, and perform the necessary steps under applicable laws, rules, and regulations for additional assessment and/or remediation work to resolve the contamination issue;

5. Delineate the contamination area(s), any staging or holding area required, and develop a work plan that will provide the schedule of projected completion dates for the final resolution of the contamination issue;

6. Maintain jurisdiction over activities inside any delineated contamination areas and any associated staging or holding areas;

7. Be responsible for the health and safety of workers within the delineated areas; and

8. Provide continuous access to representatives of regulatory or enforcement agencies having jurisdiction.

All work and incidental costs required to comply with the articles of this specification will be paid at the contract lump sum price for Prevention, Control and Abatement of Erosion and Water

Pollution.

Payment will be made under:

104-14 Prevention Control & Abatement of Erosion

& Water Pollution Lump Sum (LS)

TP 110 – Clearing and Grubbing

TP 110

CLEARING AND GRUBBING

All clearing and grubbing shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of

Section 110 of the FDOT Standard Specifications for Road & Bridge Construction, except as modified below.

Scope of work to include but not be limited to, the removal of all rigid, asphalt pavement, Portland cement concrete pavement, curb, curb and gutter, ditch pavement, sidewalk, driveway aprons, concrete slabs, concrete structures, brick, fences, gravity walls, retaining walls, pipes, etc.

Clearing and Grubbing shall also include the removal of existing pavement and base course and backfilling with suitable material, as shown in the construction plans. Removal of the existing roadway shall also include the proper disposal of the removed materials as specified above.

All work and incidental costs required to perform clearing and grubbing as herein specified will be paid for at the contract lump sum price.

110-1-1 Clearing & Grubbing Lump Sum (LS)

TP 120

EXCAVATION, EMBANKMENT AND GRADING

All excavation and embankment work shall conform to the requirements of Section 120 of the

FDOT Standard Specifications for Road & Bridge Construction and FDOT Standard Plans, except as modified below.

Subsoil Excavation will be paid for at the contract price per cubic yard.

Payment shall constitute full compensation for all work described herein and in the Special

Provisions and shall include the excavation and disposal of muck, clay, rock, or any other material that is unsuitable in its original position and that is excavated below the finished grading template. Work under this pay item shall also include the excavation of all suitable material within the specified limits as necessary to excavate the unsuitable material. The bottom of the finished grading template shall be considered to be the top of the finished base, shoulders, and slopes for stabilized bases and the finished shoulder and slope lines and bottom of base or rigid pavement for rigid pavement or all other bases. Payment shall also include the provision, placement, shaping, and compaction of suitable backfill material to replace the removed unsuitable material up to the original grade line or to the bottom of the proposed roadway base material, whichever is lower.

The limits of Subsoil Excavation indicated in the construction plans are considered to be particularly variable, in accordance with field conditions actually encountered.

Excavation, Embankment and Grading will be paid for at the contract lump sum price.

Payment shall constitute full compensation for all work described herein and in the Special

Provisions and shall include grading of shoulders, graded road connections, slopes, compaction, final dressing, subsoil excavation, replacement material and all work required for completing the project that is not paid for under the other pay items. Also included are removals and off-site disposal or on-site utilization of all materials, structures, abandoned utilities and obstructions as directed by the Engineer.

Item 120-9 Excavation, Embankment & Grading –Lump Sum (LS)

TP 160 – Stabilized Subgrade

TP 160

STABILIZED SUBGRADE

All work shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of Section 160 of the

FDOT Standard Specifications for Road & Bridge Construction and FDOT Standard Plans and shall be constructed to the limits, thickness, and specified limerock bearing ratio as shown on the plans, except as modified below.

Testing and Acceptance Criteria

Stabilization testing shall be as indicated below:

• Testing shall be every three-hundred (300) feet staggered along the roadway.

• Passing tests are 98% of a Modified Proctor using the FM 1-T 180, Method D.

Method of Measurement

Quantities of stabilized subgrade measured for payment under this Section shall be the actual area in square yards of satisfactorily installed stabilized subgrade.

Stabilized subgrade will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard installed and accepted and shall include the cost of furnishing and hauling additional stabilizing materials required, and all mixing, shaping and compacting of the stabilized area. The increased thickness of the Type B stabilization under curb and gutter sections shall be considered incidental and included in the contract unit price.

160-4 Type B Stabilization (LBR 40) (12”) Per Square Yard (SY)

TP 285 - Asphalt Base Course

ASPHALT BASE COURSE-

Work specified in this Section consists of constructing Asphalt Base Course in Section

285 of the FDOT Standard Specifications for Road & Bridge Construction and FDOT Standard

Plans except as amended herein. The plant, methods of operation and equipment shall conform to Section 320; general construction requirements shall be as specified in Section 320; and materials and compositions shall conform to Section 330 of the current version of the FDOT

Standard Specifications for Road & Bridge Construction except as modified below.

ACCEPTANCE

General: The asphalt mixture at the plant and on the roadway will be accepted based on the following methods:

Acceptance Testing by the Engineer: The Engineer may employ the use of a pre-qualified Independent Geotechnical Engineering firm and/or Laboratory that is approved to perform asphalt testing (paving and plant) to perform acceptance testing. Acceptance will be based on the following:

Density: The minimum acceptable average density for each course of asphaltic concrete placed shall be ninety-two (92%) percent of the design unit weight (Gmm) of the job mix, with no test lower than ninety and eight tenths (90.8%) percent or higher than ninety-five (95%) percent.

Thickness: Meet the minimum design thickness. When a deficiency in thickness is found, the Engineer may require cores to be taken to determine the extent of the thickness deficiency. For any thickness that is less than the design thickness, remove and replace the full depth of the layer, extending for a distance on either side of the defective area as determined by the Engineer.

At the discretion of the Engineer, removal and replacement of the entire limits of the new base may be required. For any thickness that is greater than the design thickness, the Engineer will make a determination about acceptance.

Additional Tests: The County reserves the right to run any test at any time for informational purposes and for determining the effectiveness of the Contractor’s quality control and process control.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

Quantities measured for payment under this Section shall be the actual area in square yards of optional base course installed within the limits of the contract.

TP 285 - Asphalt Base Course

BASIS OF PAYMENT

Asphalt Base Course will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard, completed and accepted. No additional payment will be made for thickness greater than indicated neither on the plans nor for pavement of unauthorized areas.

Payment shall constitute full compensation including but not limited to all labor, equipment, materials including bituminous material (plant mix), bituminous material (tack coat) and all other incidental costs necessary to complete the work as specified.

Payment shall be made under:

Item No

285-701 Optional Base, Base Group 01 (4”) Per Square Yard (SY)

285-709 Optional Base, Base Group 09 (6”) Per Square Yard (SY)

TP 334 – Superpave Asphaltic Concrete Pavement

SUPERPAVE ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVING

334-1 GENERAL

Work specified in this Provision consists of the application of Asphaltic Concrete structural courses properly produced and laid upon a prepared and accepted base in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades, thicknesses and cross-sections provided in the plans. Base preparation and Asphaltic

Concrete Friction Courses are covered under separate provisions.

This Provision is intended to stand alone for the production and placement of structural course asphalt and replaces Sections 330 and 334 of the FDOT Standard

Specifications for Road & Bridge Construction except when specific references are made to these or other Sections. Any incorrect references to or conflicts with the FDOT specifications, test methods, or standards shall be brought to the attention of the

Engineer for clarification.

The Engineer will have the right to disapprove of any material or process that does not conform to these specifications.

The Contractor shall document all QC procedures, Process Control, inspection, and all test results and make them available for review by the Engineer throughout the

Contract duration.

All test methods designated as FM refer to the FDOT Florida Sampling and

Testing Methods.

334-2 CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

334-2.1 GENERAL: The Contractor shall be responsible for the overall quality of the materials and workmanship of the work covered under this Provision.

Ensure that the qualifications and certifications of personnel and laboratories are maintained throughout the Contract duration. Provide proof of qualifications and all applicable certifications to the County prior to construction operations commencing.

Notify the County immediately when there is a change in any qualification or certification during the Contract duration.

334-2.2 PERSONNEL: Provide personnel who are both qualified and certified in all activities related to asphalt mix production at the plant and placement on the roadway, especially for the sampling, testing and inspection of materials and construction activities. At a minimum, a certified Paving Level II technician shall be present on site at all times during paving operations. In addition, a certified Plant

Level II technician shall be present at the asphalt plant to oversee production. Provide documentation to the Engineer that the personnel responsible for the production and placement of asphalt products under the Contract are qualified and certified.

334-2.3 TESTING LABORATORY: Furnish or have furnished a fully equipped asphalt laboratory (permanent or portable) at the production site. Provide documentation to the Engineer that any Laboratory used is FDOT qualified and certified. The asphalt producer shall provide a Quality Control (QC) plan which is to be approved by the County.

334-2.4 EQUIPMENT: Provide equipment and methods conforming to Section 330 of the FDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. Provide a sufficient number of trucks to transport the asphalt mixture from the plant to the job site such that paving of each lane can proceed in one smooth uninterrupted operation.

In determining the number of trucks required the Contractor shall consider the capacity of the trucks, the length of the approved haul route from the plant to the job site, traffic conditions, weather conditions, and any other factors that could impact the round trip travel time. Stopping the paver to wait for trucks bringing the asphalt mixture will not be acceptable. In addition to meeting the requirements in Section 330-5, the paving machine shall be capable of pushing the asphalt truck as it dumps the asphalt mixture into the hopper. Stopping the paving machine to allow the next asphalt truck to back up to it to fill the hopper is not an acceptable procedure, and shall not be allowed.

Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, the paving machine shall weigh a minimum of 26,000 pounds.

334-2.5 MINIMUM QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS: Perform the following activities necessary to maintain quality and process control and meet specification requirements:

Stockpiles: Ensure each aggregate component is placed in an individual stockpile, and separated from adjacent stockpiles, either by space or by a system of bulkheads. Prevent the intermingling of different materials in stockpiles. Form and maintain stockpiles in a manner that will prevent separation, contamination, segregation, etc. Identify each individual stockpile, including RAP, as shown on the mix design.

Incoming Aggregate: Obtain gradations and bulk specific gravity (Gsb) values from aggregate supplier for reference; determine the gradation of all component materials; routinely compare gradations and Gsb values to mix design.

Cold Bins: Calibrate the cold gate/feeder belt for each material; determine cold gate/feeder belt settings; observe operation of cold feeder for uniformity.

Dryer: Observe pyrometer for aggregate temperature control; observe efficiency of the burner.

For Batch Plants: Determine percent used and weight to be pulled from each bin to assure compliance with Mix Design, check mixing time, and check operations of weigh bucket and scales.

For Drum Mixer Plants: Determine aggregate moisture content, and calibrate the weigh bridge on the charging conveyor.

Control Charts: Plot and keep charts updated daily for all Quality Control

Sampling and Testing and post in the asphalt lab where they can be seen. Maintain the following charts:

1. Sample test results for the following: No. 8 sieve, No. 200 sieve, asphalt binder content, air voids, and density.

2. Gradation of incoming aggregate.

3. Gradation and asphalt content of RAP.

4. Any other test result or material characteristic (as determined by the

Contractor) necessary for process control.

The above listed minimum activities are to be considered normal activities necessary to control the production of hot mix asphalt at an acceptable quality level. It is recognized, however, that depending on the type of process or materials, some of the activities listed may not be necessary and in other cases, additional activities may be required. The frequency of these activities will also vary with the process and the materials. When the process varies from the defined process average and variability targets, the frequency of these activities will be increased until the proper conditions have been restored.

334-2.6 MINIMUM PROCESS CONTROL TESTING REQUIREMENTS:

Asphalt Plant

1. Hot Mix Asphalt: Determine the asphalt binder content; mix gradation and volumetric properties at a minimum frequency of one per day. In the event that the daily production exceeds 1,000 tons, perform these tests a minimum of two times per day.

2. Aggregate (Including RAP): One sample per 1,000 tons of incoming material as it is stockpiled for gradation. The testing of RAP material shall include the determination of asphalt binder content and gradation of extracted aggregate.

3. Monitor the mix temperature for the first five loads and every fifth load thereafter.

4. Monitor the aggregate moisture content from stockpiles or combined cold feed aggregate - one per day.

5. Other tests (as determined necessary by the Contractor) for process control.

Roadway

1. Monitor the mix temperature for the first five loads and at a minimum every fifth load thereafter.

2. Monitor the prime/tack spread rate as needed to control operations and ensure that it meets or exceeds the target spread rate.

3. Monitor the pavement cross slope at a frequency necessary to fulfill the requirements of the plans and section 334-3.10.3 below, and identify a system to control the cross slope of each pavement layer during construction.

4. Monitor the mix spread rate at the beginning of each day’s production, and as needed to control the operations, at a minimum of once per 200 tons placed to ensure that the spread rate meets or exceeds the target spread rate. When determining the spread rate, use an average of five truckloads of mix.

5. Monitor mat placement thickness every 25’ to ensure the minimum design thickness is met.

6. Monitor the pavement temperature with an infrared temperature device.

Monitor the roadway density with either 6 inch diameter roadway cores, a nuclear density gauge, or other density measuring device, at a minimum frequency of once per 1,500 feet of pavement. Maintain daily records of the testing results and make them available for review by the Engineer throughout the life of the Contract.

7. Monitor the pavement smoothness with a 15-foot rolling straightedge as required by section 334-3.10.4 below.

334-3 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

334-3.1 DESCRIPTION

Construct plant-mixed hot bituminous pavements. Establish and maintain a quality control system in accordance with section 334-2 above that provides assurance that all materials, products and completed construction submitted for acceptance meet

Contract requirements.

334-3.2 LIMITATIONS OF OPERATIONS

334-3.2.1 Weather Limitations: Do not transport asphalt mix from the plant to the roadway unless all weather conditions are suitable for the laying operations.

334-3.2.2 Limitations of Laying Operations:

334-3.2.2.1 General: Spread the mixture only when the surface upon which it is to be laid has been previously prepared, is intact, firm, and properly cured, and is substantially dry. Do not place friction course until the adjacent shoulder area has been dressed and grassed.

334-3.2.2.2 Temperature: Spread the mixture only when the air temperature in the shade and away from artificial heat is at least 40ºF and rising for layers greater than 1 inch in thickness and at least 45ºF and rising for layers 1 inch or less in thickness (including leveling courses). The minimum temperature requirement for leveling courses with a spread rate of 50 lb/yd2 or less is 50ºF and rising.

334-3.2.2.3 Wind: Do not spread the mixture when the wind is blowing to such an extent that proper and adequate compaction cannot be maintained or when sand, dust, etc., are being deposited on the surface being paved to the extent that the bond between layers will be diminished.

334-3.2.2.4 Night Paving: Provide sufficient lighting for night operations.

334-3.3 ROADWAY SURFACE PREPARATION

334-3.3.1 Cleaning: Prior to the laying of the mixture, clean the surface of the base or pavement to be covered of all loose and deleterious material by the use of a vacuum truck. Power brooms or blowers may be used when the use of a vacuum truck is impractical, supplemented by hand brooming where necessary. Surface must be dry prior to laying of the mixture.

334-3.3.2 Patching and Leveling Courses: Where an asphalt mix is to be placed on an existing pavement or old base which is irregular, or wherever the plans indicate, bring the existing surface to proper grade and cross-section by the application of patching or leveling courses. Wherever a patch is required, the width shall be taken out to the full width of each lane affected and the length shall extend far enough longitudinally to fully encompass the affected area. The existing pavement receiving a patch or leveling course shall be milled as shown on the plans or as required by the Engineer.

334-3.3.3 Application Over Surface Treatment: Where an asphalt mix is to be placed over a newly constructed surface treatment, sweep and dispose of all loose material from the paving area.

334-3.3.4 Coating Surfaces of Contacting Structures: Paint all structures which will be in actual contact with the asphalt mixture, with the exception of the vertical faces of existing pavements and curbs or curb and gutter, with a uniform coating of asphalt cement to provide a closely bonded, watertight joint.

334-3.3.5 Tack Coat:

334-3.3.5.1 Tack Coat Required: Apply a tack coat, meeting the requirements of Section 300 in the FDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, on existing pavement structures that are to be overlaid with an asphalt mix and between successive layers of all asphalt mixes. The use of trackless tack coat listed on FDOT’s Approved Product

List may be allowed as approved by the Engineer.

334-3.3.5.2 Tack Coat at Engineer’s Option: Apply a tack coat on the following surfaces only when so directed by the Engineer:

1. Freshly primed bases.

2. Surface treatment.

334-3.4 ASPHALT PLANT PREPARATION

Ensure the following requirements are met at the asphalt plant:

Asphalt Cement

• Asphalt cement is delivered to the asphalt plant at a temperature not to exceed

370ºF.

• Asphalt cement is maintained in storage within a range of 230 to 370ºF in advance of mixing operations.

• Constant heating is maintained within these limits, and that high fluctuations in temperature during a day’s production is avoided.

Aggregate Blending:

• All aggregates to be blended or proportioned are placed in separate bins at the cold hopper.

• Proportioning is performed by means of securely positioned calibrated gates or other approved devices.

Aggregate Cold Bins:

• Bin compartments are constructed to prevent any spilling or leakage of aggregate from one bin to another.

• Bin compartments have the capacity and design to permit a uniform flow of aggregates.

• Bin compartments are mounted over a feeder of uniform speed, which will deliver the specified proportions of aggregate to the drier.

• Bins are equipped with vibrators to ensure a uniform flow of aggregate at all times.

• Each bin compartment is provided with a gate which is adjustable in the vertical direction.

• Gates can be held securely at any specified vertical opening.

• Gates are equipped with a measuring device for measuring the vertical opening of the gates from a horizontal plane level with the bottom of the feeder.

Mineral Filler:

Mineral filler (if required in the mix design) is fed or weighed in separately from the other aggregates.

Aggregate Heating and Drying:

• Aggregates are heated and dried before screening.

• The temperature of the aggregates is controlled so that the temperature of the completed mixture at the plant falls within the permissible range allowed by this Section.

Aggregate Screening:

• Oversized pieces of aggregate are removed by the use of a scalping screen.

• Oversized material is not returned to the stockpile for reuse unless it has been crushed and reprocessed into sizes that will pass the scalping screen.

• The quantity of aggregates being discharged onto the screens does not exceed the capacity of the screens to actually separate the aggregates into the required sizes.

• A maximum of 10% plus-10 material in the minus-10 bin is maintained.

334-3.5 MIXTURE PREPARATION

Ensure the following requirements are met:

334-3.5.1 Batch Mixing: The dried aggregates and mineral filler (if required), prepared as specified and proportioned to meet the verified mix design, shall be conveyed to the empty mixer. The accurately measured hot asphalt binder shall be introduced into the mixer simultaneously with, or after, the hot aggregates. The blended materials shall be continuously mixed until thoroughly uniform with all particles fully coated. The mixing time begins when the measuring devices for both the asphalt and the aggregates indicate that all the material is in the mixer, and continues until the material begins to leave the mixing unit. In no case will the mixing time be less than 35 seconds.

334-3.5.2 Continuous Mixing: The dried aggregates and mineral filler (if required), prepared as specified and proportioned to meet the verified mix design, shall be introduced into the mixer in synchronization with the accurate feeding of the hot asphalt cement. The blended materials shall be sufficiently mixed until thoroughly uniform with all particles fully coated.

334-3.5.3 Mix Temperature: The ingredients of the mix shall be heated and combined in such a manner as to produce a mixture with a temperature, when discharged from the pugmill or surge bin, which is within the master range as defined below.

The temperature of the completed mixture shall be determined using a quick-reading thermometer through a hole in the side of the loaded truck immediately after loading. A 1/4 inch hole on both sides of the truck body within the middle third of the length of the body, and at a distance from 6 to 10 inches above the surface supporting the mixture shall be provided.

The normal frequency for taking asphalt mix temperatures will be for each day, for each design mix on the first five loads and once every five loads thereafter.

The temperature of the asphalt mix at the plant and at the roadway shall be taken at the normal frequency before the mix is placed. The temperature shall be recorded on the front of the respective delivery ticket. The Engineer shall review the plant and roadway temperature readings and may take additional temperature measurements at any time.

The master range for all mix designs will be the established temperature from the mix design ±30ºF. Reject for use on the project any load or portion of a load of asphalt mix at the plant or at the roadway with a temperature outside of this master range. The Engineer will be immediately notified of the rejection.

If any single load at the plant or at the roadway is within the master range but differs from the established mix temperature by more than ±25ºF or if the average difference of the temperature measurements from the established mix temperature for five loads exceeds ±15ºF, the temperature of every load will be monitored until the temperature falls within the specified tolerance range in Table 334-1; at this time the normal frequency may be resumed.

Table 334-1

Temperature Tolerance From Verified Mix Design

Any Single Measurement

±25ºF

Average of Any Five Consecutive Measurements

±15ºF

334-3.5.4 Maximum Period of Storage: The maximum time that any mix may be kept in a hot storage or surge bin shall be 72 hours.

334-3.5.5 Contractor’s Responsibility for Mixture Requirements: Produce a homogeneous mixture, free from moisture and with no segregated materials, that meets all specification requirements. Also apply these requirements to all mixes produced by the drum mixer process and all mixes processed through a hot storage or surge bin, both before and after storage.

334-3.6 MIXTURE TRANSPORT

Transport the mixture in tight vehicles previously cleaned of all foreign material.

After cleaning, thinly coat the inside surface of the truck bodies with soapy water or an asphalt release agent as needed to prevent the mixture from adhering to the beds.

Do not allow excess liquid to pond in the truck body. Do not use diesel fuel or any other hazardous or environmentally detrimental material as a coating for the inside surface of the truck body. Cover each load during transport from the asphalt plant to the jobsite at all times.

334-3.7 MIXTURE PLACEMENT

334-3.7.1 Requirements Applicable to All Mixture Types:

334-3.7.1.1 Alignment of Edges: Lay all asphalt concrete mixtures, including leveling courses, other than the pavement edge just adjacent to curb and gutter or other true edges, by the stringline method to obtain an accurate, uniform alignment of the pavement edge. Control the unsupported pavement edge to ensure that it will not deviate more than ±1.5 inches from the stringline.

334-3.7.1.2 Temperature of Spreading: Maintain the temperature of the mix at the time of spreading within the master range as defined in 334-3.5.3.

334-3.7.1.3 Rain and Surface Conditions: Immediately cease transportation of asphalt mixtures from the plant when rain begins at the roadway. Do not place asphalt mixtures while rain is falling, or when there is standing water on the surface to be covered. Once the rain has stopped and water has been removed from the tacked surface to the satisfaction of the Engineer and the temperature of the mixture caught in transit still meets the requirements as specified in 334-3.7.1.2, the Contractor may then place the mixture caught in transit.

334-3.7.1.4 Speed of Paver: Establish the forward speed of the asphalt paver based on the rate of delivery of the mix to the roadway but not faster than the optimum speed needed to adequately compact the pavement.

334.3.7.1.5 Automatic Screed Control: For all asphalt courses placed with an asphalt paver, equip the paver with automatic longitudinal screed controls of either the skid type, traveling stringline type, or non-contact averaging ski type with a minimum length of 25 feet. On the final layer of asphalt base, overbuild, and structural courses, and for friction courses, use the joint matcher in lieu of the skid, traveling stringline, or non-contact averaging ski on all passes after the initial pass. Equip the asphalt paver with electronic cross slope controls.

334-3.7.1.6 Number of Crews Required: For each paving machine operated, use a separate crew, each crew operating as a full unit. The technician who will be in charge of all paving operations shall be state approved and properly certified as deemed appropriate by the Engineer. The Contractor’s technician in charge of the paving operations may be responsible for more than one crew but must be physically accessible to the Engineer at all times when placing mix.

334-3.7.1.7 Checking Depth of Layer: Check the depth of each layer at frequent intervals, and make adjustments when the thickness deviates from the design thickness. When making an adjustment, allow the paving machine to travel a minimum distance of 32 feet to stabilize before the second check is made to determine the effects of the adjustment.

334-3.7.1.8 Hand Spreading: In limited areas where the use of the spreader is impossible or impracticable, the Contractor may spread and finish the mixture by hand.

334-3.7.1.9 Straightedging and Back-patching: Straightedge and backpatch after obtaining initial compaction and while the material is still hot.

334-3.7.2 Requirements Applicable to Courses Other Than Leveling:

334-3.7.2.1 Spreading and Finishing: Upon arrival, dump the mixture in the approved mechanical spreader, and immediately spread and strike-off the mixture to the full width required, and to such loose depth for each course that, when the work is completed, the required specified thickness is placed.

Carry a uniform amount of mixture ahead of the screed at all times.

334-3.7.2.2 Thickness of Layers: Construct each course of Type SP mixture in layers of thickness as shown in Section 334-4.1.3.

334-3.7.2.3 Laying Width: For regular roadways, pave to the full lane width, except in areas where physically constrained. For other applications such as sidewalks, provide a spreader capable of placing and screeding to the plan width. If necessary due to the traffic requirements, lay the mixture in strips in such a manner as to provide for the passage of traffic. As an option, where the road is closed to traffic, lay the mixture to the full width with machines traveling in echelon. Plan longitudinal joints such that they are not placed where a permanent wheel path will occur.

334-3.7.2.4 Correcting Defects: Before starting any rolling, check the surface. Correct any irregularities; remove all drippings, fat sandy accumulations from the screed, and fat spots from any source; and replace them with satisfactory material. Do not skin patch. When correcting a depression while the mixture is hot, scarify the surface and add fresh mixture.

334-3.7.3 Requirements Applicable Only to Leveling Courses:

334-3.7.3.1 Patching Depressions: Before spreading any leveling course, fill all depressions in the existing surface more than 1 inch deep by spot patching with leveling course mixture, and then compact them thoroughly.

334-3.7.3.2 Spreading Leveling Courses: Place all courses of leveling by the use of two motor graders, equip one with a spreader box. Other types of leveling devices may be used if approved by the Engineer.

334-3.7.3.3 Rate of Application: When using Type SP-9.5 (fine graded) for leveling, do not allow the average spread of a layer to be less than 50 lb/yd2 or more than 75 lb/yd2. The quantity of mix for leveling shown in the plans represents the average for the entire project.

334-3.8 MIXTURE COMPACTION

334-3.8.1 Equipment and Sequence: For each paving or leveling train in operation, furnish a separate set of rollers, with their operators.

Select equipment, sequence, and coverage of rolling to meet the specified mix design density. The coverage is the number of times the roller passes over a given area of pavement.

Regardless of the rolling procedure used, complete the final rolling before the surface temperature of the pavement drops to the extent that effective compaction may not be achieved or the rollers begin to damage the pavement.

334-3.8.2 Standard Rolling Procedure: Meet the following equipment, sequence, and coverage requirements:

1. Seal Rolling: Provide two coverages with a tandem steel-wheeled roller, weighing 5 to 12 tons, following as close behind the spreader as possible without pick-up, undue displacement, or blistering of the material. Use static mode only for all compaction. No vibration will be allowed.

2. Intermediate rolling: Provide five coverages with a self-propelled pneumatic-tired roller, following as close behind the seal rolling operation as the mix will permit.

3. Final rolling: Provide one coverage with a tandem steel-wheeled roller

(static mode only), weighing 5 to 12 tons, after completing the seal rolling and intermediate rolling, but before the surface pavement temperature drops to the extent that effective compaction may not be achieved or the rollers begin to damage the pavement.

For patching and leveling courses, the first structural layer placed on a milled surface, and on the first overbuild course, use only a self-propelled pneumatic-tired roller.

The Contractor may use equipment, sequences, or coverages other than those specified in the standard rolling procedure if so authorized by the

Engineer.

334-3.8.3 Compaction at Crossovers, Intersections, etc.: When using a separate paving machine to pave the crossovers, compact the crossovers with one, 8 to 12 ton tandem steel roller (static mode only). If placing crossovers, intersections, and acceleration and deceleration lanes with the main run of paving, also use a traffic roller to compact these areas.

334-3.8.4 Rolling Procedures: Ensure that the initial rolling is longitudinal.

Where the lane being placed is adjacent to a previously placed lane, pinch or roll the center joint prior to the rolling of the rest of the lane.

Roll across the mat, overlapping the adjacent pass by at least 6 inches. Roller passes should end at approximate 45º angles to the pavement centerline. Roll slowly enough to avoid displacement of the mixture, and correct any displacement at once by the use of rakes and the addition of fresh mixture if required.

Continue final rolling to eliminate all roller marks.

334-3.8.5 Number of Pneumatic-tired Rollers Required: Use a sufficient number of self-propelled pneumatic-tired rollers to ensure that the rolling of the surface for the required number of passes does not delay any other phase of the laying operation and does not result in excessive cooling of the mixture before completing the rolling. In the event that the rolling falls behind, discontinue the laying operation until the rolling operations are sufficiently caught up.

334-3.8.6 Compaction of Areas Inaccessible to Rollers: Use hand tamps or other satisfactory means to compact areas which are inaccessible to a roller, such as areas adjacent to curbs, headers, gutters, bridges, manholes, etc.

334-3.8.7 Correcting Defects: Do not allow the rollers to deposit gasoline, oil, or grease onto the pavement. Remove and replace any areas damaged by such deposits as directed by the Engineer. While rolling is in progress, test the surface continuously, and correct all discrepancies to comply with the surface requirements.

Remove and replace all drippings, fat or lean areas, and defective construction of any description. Remedy depressions that develop before completing the rolling by loosening the mixture and adding new mixture to bring the depressions to a true surface. Should any depression remain after obtaining the final compaction, remove the full depth of the mixture, extending for a distance on either side of the defective area as determined by the Engineer, but in no case less than 50 feet on either side of the defective area for the full width of the paving lane, and replace it with sufficient new mixture to form a true and even surface.

Correct all high spots, high joints, and honeycombing as directed by the

Engineer.

Remove and replace any mixture remaining unbonded after rolling. Correct all defects prior to laying the subsequent course.

334-3.9 JOINTS

334-3.9.1 General: When laying fresh mixture against the exposed edges of joints

(trimmed or formed as provided below), place it in close contact with the exposed edge to produce an even, well-compacted joint after rolling.

334-3.9.2 Transverse Joints: Place the mixture as continuously as possible. Do not pass the roller over the unprotected end of the freshly laid mixture except when discontinuing the laying operation long enough to permit the mixture to become chilled.

When thus interrupting the laying operation, construct a transverse joint by cutting back on the previous run to expose the full depth of the mat.

334-3.9.3 Longitudinal Joints: For all layers of pavement except the leveling course, place each layer so that longitudinal construction joints are offset 6 to 12 inches laterally between successive layers. The Engineer may waive this requirement where offsetting is not feasible due to the sequence of construction.

334-3.10 SURFACE REQUIREMENTS

334-3.10.1 General: Construct a smooth pavement with good surface texture and the proper cross-slope.

334-3.10.2 Texture of the Finished Surface of Paving Layers: Produce a finished surface of uniform texture and compaction with no pulled, torn, raveled, crushed or loosened portions and free of segregation, bleeding, flushing, sand streaks, sand spots, or ripples. Correct any area of the surface that does not meet the foregoing requirements in accordance with 334-3.10.5.

Do not use asphalt concrete mixtures containing aggregates that cause a different color appearance in the final wearing surface in sections less than 1 mile in length and across the full width of the roadway unless approved by the Engineer.

334-3.10.3 Cross Slope: Construct a pavement surface with cross slopes in compliance with the requirements of the Contract Documents. Furnish a level with a minimum length of 4 feet or a digital measuring device approved by the

Engineer for the control of cross slope. Make this level or measuring device available at the jobsite at all times during paving operations. Utilize electronic transverse screed controls on the paving machine (unless directed otherwise by the Engineer) to obtain an accurate transverse slope of the pavement surface.

334-3.10.3.1 Quality Control Checks: Measure the cross slope of the pavement surface by placing the measuring device perpendicular to the roadway centerline. Report the cross slope to the nearest 0.1%. Record all the measurements on an approved form and submit to the Engineer for documentation.