NAVAIR_01-1B-50.pdf

NAVAIR 01-1B-50

AIR FORCE TO 1-1B-50

COAST GUARD TO 1-1B-50

ARMY TM 55-1500-342-23

SUPERSEDURE NOTICE. This manual supersedes NAVAIR 01-1B-50 dated 30 September 2011, USAF TO 1-1B-50 dated 30 September 2011, USCG TO 1-1B-50 dated 30 September 2011, and ARMY TM 55-1500-342-23 dated 30 September 2011, and also supersedes NAVAIR 01-1B-40 dated 15 August 2003. Destroy previously issued versions of these manuals to prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the documents.

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

DESTRUCTION NOTICE. For unclassified, limited documents, destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.

PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND

01 AUGUST 2015

JOINT SERVICE TECHNICAL MANUAL

ORGANIZATIONAL, INTERMEDIATE AND DEPOT

MAINTENANCE

AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

0801LP1154999

NAVAIR 01-1B-50

AIR FORCE TO 1-1B-50

COAST GUARD TO 1-1B-50

ARMY TM 55-1500-342-23

01 August 2015

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Dates of issue for original and changed pages are:

Original ........................ 0 ......................01 August 2015 hange............................x ......................... xx XXX 199X

Insert latest changed pages; dispose of superseded pages in accordance with applicable regulations.

NOTE: On a changed page, the portion of the text affected by the latest change is indicated be a vertical line, or other change symbol in the outer margin of the page. Change in illustrations are indicated by miniature pointing hands. Changes to wiring diagrams are indicated by shaded areas.

Total number of pages in this manual is 106, consisting of the following:

A Change X

*Zero in this column indicates an original page.

Title A i-iii iv Blank

TPDR-1

TPDR-2 Blank 1-1 - 1-2 2-1 - 2-4 3-1 - 3-4 4-1 - 4-13

4-14 Blank 5-1 - 5-10 6-1 - 6-3 6-4 Blank 7-1 - 7-7 7-8 Blank 8-1 - 8-8 8-9 - 8-19 8-20 Blank

Page *Change No. No.

Page *Change No. No.

Page *Change No. No.

8-21 - 8-27 8-28 Blank 8-29 - 8-32 A-1 - A-7 A-8 Blank B-1 - B-8 C-1 - C-2 D-1 D-2 Blank

INTERIM RAPID

ACTION CHANGE

13600 Ser: AIR-4.1/16-030 Date: 13 MAY 2016

Category: Priority

From: NAWCAD PATUXENT RIVER MD, 20670 To: GENERAL SERIES ADRL for 01-1B-50

Subj: INTERIM RAPID ACTION CHANGE (IRAC) NO 01 TO JOINT SERVICE TECHNICAL

MANUAL (NAVAIR 01-1B-50 ORGANIZATIONAL INTERMEDIATE AND DEPOT MAINTENANCE

AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE) OF 01-AUG-2015.

References: (a) TPDR N00421-16-0106 OF 31 MAR 2016

(b) NAVAIR 01-1B-50

Encl: (1) List of Tables, replace page iii/(iv Blank)

(2) Chapter 3, replace page 3-4

(3) Chapter 3, add new page 3-5/(3-6 Blank)

Point of Contact:

A. M.K. Cruse, General Series Data Manager, Commercial (619) 545-3646, DSN 735-3646, E-Mail -maria.cruse@navy.mil, FRCSW North Island, AIR-6.8.5.1

B. Paul Kachurak, Mass Properties Division Head, Commercial (301) 757-2010, E-Mail - Paul.Kachurak@navy.mil, NAVAIR, Code 4.1.7

1. Purpose of Change: To increase mission capability by providing new weight and balance information required by the Air Force. This IRAC answers Ref. (a).

2. Detailed Information:

a. Pen and ink changes to the technical content of a manual are not authorized. The following technical content change information applies to the referenced pages, paragraphs, and figures of the subject manual until formal update is released.

b. Ref. (b), List of Tables, replace page iii/(iv Blank) with Enclosure (1).

c. Ref. (b), Chapter 3, replace page 3-4 with Enclosure (2).

d. Ref. (b), Chapter 3, add new page 3-5/(3-6 Blank), with Enclosure (3).

3. Validated by: NAVAIR, Code 4.1.7, Paul Kachurak, Commercial (301) 757-2010.

Subj: INTERIM RAPID ACTION CHANGE (IRAC) NO 01 TO JOINT SERVICE TECHNICAL

MANUAL (NAVAIR 01‑1B‑50 ORGANIZATIONAL INTERMEDIATE AND DEPOT MAINTENANCE

AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE) OF 01‑AUG‑2015.

4. Related Instructions:

a. For IRACs affecting manuals in paper copy – Maintain this IRAC with the applicable manual by placing or attaching the cover letter directly behind the title page. Mark the specific change area in the margin of each page affected and annotate the changed page or card listed on the A Page with a vertical line and the IRAC number. Replacement page(s) shall be inserted as directed in paragraph 2.b. This Type B IRAC shall not be removed until receipt of the formal update.

b. For IRACs affecting manuals on digital media – affix an adhesive label to the digital media case annotated with the applicable publication number and IRAC number. The label should be positioned to allow for additional IRACs as they occur and should not cover the date or digital media title. Maintain the IRAC on file until receipt of the superseding digital media.

c. Subject IRAC shall be incorporated into applicable manual no later than 12 months after IRAC issue date by FRCSW North Island, AIR-6.8.5.1.

By Direction Donald S. Young

IRAC #1 - 13 May 2016 NAVAIR 01-1B-50

AIRFORCE TO 1-1B-50

COAST GUARD TO 1-1B-50

ARMY TM 55-1500-342-23

iii/(iv Blank) Encl. (1)

Figure Title Page Figure Title Page

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

2-1. Weight Terminology ........................................2-1 2-2. Calculating Aircraft CG ...................................2-2 2-3. Balance Arm Fuselage Station .......................2-3 2-4. Percent MAC Example ...................................2-4

5-1. Typical Platform Scale Assembly ....................5-1 5-2. Electronic Weighing Kit (Typical) ....................5-2 5-3. Load Cell and Jack .........................................5-2 5-4. Reading a Hydrometer ....................................5-3 5-5. Accessory Weighing Kit ..................................5-4 5-6. Estimation of “As Weighed” Weight ................5-6 5-7. Leveling Lugs Inside the Aircraft .....................5-7 5-8. Leveling Lugs Outside the Aircraft ..................5-7 5-9. Plumb Bob ......................................................5-8

6-1. Load Adjuster ..................................................6-3

7-1. Asymmetric Configurations .............................7-1 7-2. Aircraft Balance Point .....................................7-2

7-3. Locating Aircraft Center of Gravity ..................7-3

B-1. Sample DD Form 365 Record of Weight and Balance Personnel .................. B-2

B-2. Sample DD Form 365-1 Chart A - Basic Weight Checklist Record .................. B-3

B-3. Sample DD Form 365-2 Form B - Aircraft Weighing Record ........................... B-4

B-4. Sample DD Form 365-3 Chart C - Basic Weight and Balance Record ............. B-6

B-5. Sample DD Form 365-4 Weight and Balance Clearance Form F - Transport ...... B-7

B-6. Sample DD Form 365-4 Weight and Balance Clearance Form F - Tactical ......... B-8

Table Title Page Table Title Page

LIST OF TABLES

Repairs Guidelines ......................................3-5

5-1. Weighing Tolerances .......................................5-9

8-1. USN/USMC Aircraft Classification Table .......8-14

THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK

3-3

01 August 2015 NAVAIR 01-1B-50

AIRFORCE TO 1-1B-50

COAST GUARD TO 1-1B-50

ARMY TM 55-1500-342-23

NOTE

If sufficient data is available to accurately reflect the aircraft's lost or damaged weight and balance data pages, as in the case of worn or water damaged pages, accomplish items 3.7.4.1 through 3.7.4.9 above as deemed necessary by the individual assigned responsibility for weight and balance. This may require obtaining a recent Chart A and Form B from the last weighing and making all applicable changes to the Chart C via a complete inventory and verification of all modifications (TCTO/MWO/TD) made since the last weighing. This is only possible if changes since the last weighing are known with full confidence. AWBS data (or equivalent) can also be used to create a replacement copy of the lost paper aircraft handbook.

3.7.4.10 Authorized Substitute Forms. Hard copies of

an electronic equivalent may be used in lieu of the DD Form 365 charts, forms, and records. (See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements).

3.7.5 Entry Errors On Forms. If errors are found on

the forms in the weight and balance handbooks, do not erase or change the entry. With paper forms, line out the erroneous entry and correct the entry. Make a note in the Chart C pertaining to the correction.

3.7.6 Supply Of Forms. Forms prescribed in this

manual may be requisitioned through normal distribution channels or copied from the examples in Appendix B.

3.7.7 Charts / Forms / Records Disposition. Charts, Forms and Records shall be maintained in accordance with Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements.

3.8 WEIGHT AND BALANCE FLIGHT CLEARANCE.

Weight and balance flight clearance is accomplished to ensure that aircraft remain within safe weight and balance limits during takeoff, flight, and landing. Such clearance is recorded through the use of the Weight and Balance Clearance Form F, or through an authorized electronic substitute. The original copy of the Form F, when properly signed and filed in accordance with applicable procedures stated in this manual and other service directives serve as the record to certify that weight and balance flight clearance was properly accomplished.

(See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements).

3.8.1 Required Clearance. Weight and balance flight

clearance is required for Class 1B and Class 2 aircraft.

3.8.2 Form F Maintenance Procedures. All Forms F

shall be completed in accordance with the instructions of this technical manual. Forms F are utilized on a ONE TIME USE basis, or are CANNED for multiple uses.

3.8.3 One Time Use Form F. These are Forms F

prepared for use on a one time basis and are kept on file for 90 days upon mission completion or in accordance with command procedures. They are used when the Command does not utilize a CANNED Form F approach or when an aircraft is loaded in a manner for which no CANNED Form F is on file or applicable. (See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements).

3.8.4 Canned Form F. These are Forms F prepared

for “repetitive use” when an aircraft's Basic Weight and moment remain within certain specified tolerances as defined by appropriate Service Engineering Organization.

(See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements). They are filed in accordance with established Command procedures for future reference and use. CANNED Forms F shall be checked at least every 180 days for accuracy and a new Form F prepared as required. (See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements). If no changes are required, the Form F may be re-dated and initialed, or a letter issued to state the review has been accomplished to certify its currency.

3.8.5 Clearance Procedure. When filing DD Form 175, Military Flight Plan (or authorized substitute), the basis for weight and balance flight clearance shall be noted.

For ONE TIME USE Forms F, attach the original form to the flight plan, retain a copy with the aircraft until flight termination, and retain a copy in the weight and balance handbook with the aircraft custodian/technician for 90 days upon mission completion or in accordance with command procedures. For CANNED Forms F, retain the forms in the weight and balance handbooks until superseded.

3.8.6 Authorized Substitutions For Dd Form 365-4. The

following substitutes are authorized for use as weight and balance clearance records in lieu of DD Form 365-4.

3.8.6.1 Computer output sheets when the data recorded

is identical to that required on the DD Form 365-4.

3.8.6.2 The designated commercial type loading

schedule for C-9 and C-40 aircraft.

3-4

IRAC #1 - 13 May 2016NAVAIR 01-1B-50

AIR FORCE TO 1-1B-50

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ARMY TM 55-1500-342-23

Encl. (2)

3.8.6.3 Other Commercial loading schedules approved

by the appropriate Service Engineering Organization.

3.8.6.4 Computer programs that replicate the DD Form

365-4 forms shall follow the requirements in Section 6-3.1 of this Technical Manual.

3.9 AIRCRAFT WEIGHING REQUIREMENTS. Aircraft

shall be weighed when any of the following conditions exist:

a. As required by pertinent service directives or technical directives.

b. When weighing requirements are specified in the applicable aircraft loading/operators manual/Chart E.

c. After completion of selected depot level events as defined by appropriate Service Engineering Organization.

NOTE

Selected depot level events include the replacement of major structural members such as spars, wings, tail booms

d. When major modifications or repairs are made:

(1) The weight and balance technician/custodian or appropriate Service Engineering Organization authority shall determine when an aircraft has undergone a “major modification or repair”. As a guideline, a major modification or repair is one that affects the Basic Weight to an extent that exceeds the thresholds as reflected in Table 3-1. (See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements).

(a) For USAF aircraft, Table 3-1 is not applicable as Basic Weight change threshold criteria for determining a major modification or repair on aircraft with a full weigh and update of the DD Form 365-2: Form B dated on or before 31 December 2016. Table 3-2 will become effective on individual aircraft following a full weigh and update of the DD Form 365-2: Form B dated on or after 1 January 2017.

(2) When one or more modifications (minor or major) are subsequently made to an aircraft since last actual weighing that cumulatively affect Basic Weight by thresholds that meet or exceed Table 3-1 criteria, a weighing is required. Chart A items are excluded.

(a) For USAF aircraft, Table 3-1 is not applicable as Basic Weight change threshold criteria due to modification(s) or repair(s) on aircraft with a full weigh and update of the DD Form 365-2: Form B dated on or before 31 December 2016. Table 3-2 will become effective on individual aircraft following a full weigh and update of the DD Form 365-2: Form B dated on or after 1 January 2017.

(3) Example (Not applicable to USAF). First modification of an aircraft since last actual weighing removes 100 pounds wiring and installs 105 pounds wiring. Second modification a few months later removes 25 pounds structure and installs 30 pounds structure.

The cumulative Weight Affected of the two modifications since last actual weighing is 260 pounds.

e. When aircraft modifications or repairs are accomplished and calculated or actual weight and moment data for the modification is not available or reliable.

f. When an aircraft is completely stripped and repainted or additional layer(s) of paint is added to the entire aircraft. Consult Service Engineering Organization for guidance when aircraft are partially painted.

g. When the weight and balance data is suspected to be in error.

Aircraft Basic Weight (Pounds) Weight Affected by Major Mod as Percent of Basic Weight CG Change (Inches, %MAC or Index)

0-5,000 2.00% 0.5

5,001-50,000 1.50% 0.5

> 50,000 1.00% 0.2

Use inches for rotary wing aircraft and %MAC for fixed wing aircraft, or Index for selected aircraft.

Table 3-1. Major Modifications or Repairs Guidelines

3-5

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Aircraft Basic Weight (Pounds) Weight Affected by Major Mod as Percent of Basic Weight CG Change (Inches, %MAC or Index)

0-5,000 2.00% 0.5

5,001-50,000 1.50% 0.5

> 50,000 1.00% 0.5

Use inches for rotary wing aircraft and %MAC for fixed wing aircraft, or Index for selected aircraft.

Table 3-2. USAF Major Modifications or Repairs Guidelines

h. When unsatisfactory flight characteristics are reported that cannot be determined to be the result of improper aircraft loading, an error in weight and balance data, or any other identifiable cause.

i. When an aircraft is in a depot facility or other authorized weighing facility for any reason, and has not

particular TMS/MDS aircraft.

j. Whenever inactive aircraft become active as described in paragraph 3.7.

k. When the weight and balance handbook needs replacement and sufficient data is not available to accurately reflect the aircraft’s lost or damaged weight and balance data pages, as described in paragraph 3.7.

i

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ..........................................iii LIST OF TABLES.........................................................iii

LIST OF TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

DEFICIENCY REPORTS (TPDR)

INCORPORATED ....................................TPDR-1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose .....................................................1-1

1.2 Scope ........................................................1-1

1.3 Terminology ...............................................1-1

1.4 Reasons for Weight and Balance Control .1-1

1.5 Comments .................................................1-2

2 AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE

PRINCIPLES

2.1 Aircraft Weight Principles ..........................2-1

2.2 Aircraft Balance Principles ........................2-2

2.3 Calculating Aircraft Center of

Gravity (CG) ..........................................2-2

2.4 Fuselage Station .......................................2-3

2.5 Percent Mean Aerodynamic Chord

(% MAC) ...............................................2-4

2.6 Loading / Unloading ..................................2-4

2.7 Ballast ........................................................2-4

3 WEIGHT AND BALANCE SYSTEM

3.1 General ......................................................3-1

3.2 Manufacturer Responsibilities ...................3-1

3.3 Commercial Maintenance

Responsibilities .....................................3-1

3.4 Depot / Intermediate Level

Maintenance Responsibilities ................3-1

3.5 Aircraft Custodian/Technician/Type

Commander Responsibilities .................3-1

3.6 Aircraft Weight and Balance

Classifications .......................................3-1

3.7 Weight and Balance Handbooks ...............3-1

3.8 Weight and Balance Flight

Clearance ..............................................3-3

3.9 Aircraft Weighing Requirements ................3-4

4 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE USE OF WEIGHT

AND BALANCE CHARTS AND FORMS

4.1 Form Retention and Disposition ................4-1

4.2 DD Form 365 - Record of Weight and

Balance Personnel or Electronic Equivalent ..............................................4-1

4.3 DD Form 365-1: Chart A -

Basic Weight Checklist Record or Electronic Equivalent .............................4-1

4.4 DD Form 365-2: Form B -

Aircraft Weighing Record or Electronic Equivalent .............................4-3

4.5 DD Form 365-3: Chart C -

Basic Weight and Balance Record or Electronic Equivalent .............................4-4

4.6 Chart E - Aircraft Loading Manual /

Weighing Instructions ............................4-5

4.7 DD Form 365-4: Weight and Balance

Clearance Form F or Electronic Equivalent .............................4-5

5 WEIGHING AIRCRAFT

5.1 General ......................................................5-1

5.2 Weighing Equipment .................................5-1

5.3 Weighing Accessories ...............................5-3

5.4 Weighing Procedures ................................5-4

5.5 Verification of Weighing Results ................5-9

6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE TOOLS

6.1 Automated Weight and Balance

System (AWBS) .....................................6-1

6.2 Other Weight and Balance Tools ...............6-1

7 CENTER OF GRAVITY LOADING

CALCULATIONS

7.1 General ......................................................7-1

7.2 Principles of Moments ...............................7-1

7.3 Effects of Moment on Aircraft ....................7-2

7.4 Determination of Balance Condition

(Location of Aircraft Center of Gravity) .............................................7-2

7.5 Effects of Unbalanced Loading .................7-3

7.6 Determining Center of Gravity for a

Group of Items .......................................7-3

7.7 Center of Gravity Limits .............................7-3

7.8 Expressing Center of Gravity ....................7-4

7.9 Lateral CG and Vertical CG .......................7-4

7.10 Most Forward and Most Aft

CG Calculations ....................................7-4

7.11 Sample .....................................................7-5

7.12 Chart E Loading Data ...............................7-7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page Section Page ii

01 August 2015NAVAIR 01-1B-50

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ARMY TM 55-1500-342-23

8 SERVICE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

8.1 US Army Requirements .............................8-1

8.1.1 Related References .....................8-1

8.1.2 Weight and Balance Control ........8-1

8.1.3 Responsibilities ............................8-2

8.1.4 Personnel Qualification

Requirements ...........................8-2

8.1.5 Forms and Records Disposition ...8-2

8.1.6 Aircraft Classifications ..................8-3

8.1.7 Form F..........................................8-3

8.1.8 Aircraft Weighings ........................8-4

8.1.9 Transfer / Acceptance Inventory ..8-6

8.1.10 Scales ..........................................8-6

8.1.11 Unmanned Aircraft Systems

(UAS) ........................................8-6

8.1.12 Weight and Balance Guidance

for Aircraft Modifications ...........8-6

8.1.13 Contact Information ......................8-6

8.1.14 Corrections to This Manual ..........8-7

8.1.15 Weight and Balance Software ......8-7

8.1.16 Distribution of AWBS ....................8-7

8.2 US Navy / US Marine Corps

Requirements ........................................8-9

8.2.1 Related References .....................8-9

8.2.2 Weight and Balance Control ........8-9

8.2.3 Responsibilities ..........................8-10

8.2.4 Personnel Qualification

Requirements .........................8-12

8.2.5 Records/Charts/Forms

Retention Disposition Requirements .........................8-13

8.2.6 Aircraft Classifications ................8-14

8.2.7 Form F........................................8-14

8.2.8 Aircraft Weighings ......................8-16

8.2.9 Transfer / Acceptance

Inventory .................................8-17

8.2.10 Scales ........................................8-18

8.2.11 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles /

Systems (UAV/UAS) ...............8-18

8.2.12 Weight and Balance Guidance

for Aircraft Modifications .........8-18

8.2.13 Contact Information ....................8-18

8.2.14 Corrections to this Manual .........8-18

8.2.15 AWBS Requirements .................8-19

8.3 US Air Force Requirements .....................8-21

8.3.1 Related References ...................8-21

8.3.2 Weight and Balance Control ......8-21

8.3.3 Responsibilities ..........................8-23

8.3.4 Personnel Qualification

Requirements .........................8-24

8.3.5 Forms / Records Disposition ......8-25

8.3.6 Aircraft Classifications ................8-25

8.3.7 Form F........................................8-25

8.3.8 Aircraft Weighings ......................8-26

8.3.9 Transfer / Acceptance

Inventory .................................8-26

8.3.10 Scales ........................................8-27

8.3.11 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

(UAVs) ...................................8-27

8.3.12 Weight and Balance

Guidance for Aircraft Modifications ..........................8-27

8.3.13 Contact Information ....................8-27

8.3.14 Corrections to this Manual .........8-27

8.3.15 Distribution of AWBS / AFFs ......8-27

8.4 US Coast Guard Requirements ...............8-29

8.4.1 Related References ...................8-29

8.4.2 Weight and Balance Control ......8-29

8.4.3 Responsibilities ..........................8-29

8.4.4 Personnel Qualification

Requirements .........................8-30

8.4.5 Forms / Records Disposition ......8-30

8.4.6 Aircraft Classifications ................8-30

8.4.7 Form F........................................8-30

8.4.8 Aircraft Weighings ......................8-30

8.4.9 Transfer / Acceptance

Inventory .................................8-31

8.4.10 Scales ........................................8-31

8.4.11 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

(UAVs) ...................................8-31

8.4.12 Weight and Balance

Guidance for Aircraft Modifications ..........................8-31

8.4.13 Contact Information ....................8-32

8.4.14 Corrections to this Manual .........8-32

8.4.15 Distribution of AWBS ..................8-32

APPENDIX A. TERMINOLOGY AND

DEFINITIONS ................................................. A-1

APPENDIX B. SAMPLE CHARTS AND FORMS .... B-1

APPENDIX C. ACRONYMS .................................... C-1

APPENDIX D. SCALE CORRECTIONS

BLOCK TABLE FACTORS

(LATITUDE AND ALTITUDE) .......................... D-1

TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.)

Section Page Section Page

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iii/(iv Blank)

SEE IRAC #1

Encl. (1)

Figure Title Page Figure Title Page

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

2-1. Weight Terminology ........................................2-1 2-2. Calculating Aircraft CG ...................................2-2 2-3. Balance Arm Fuselage Station .......................2-3 2-4. Percent MAC Example ...................................2-4

5-1. Typical Platform Scale Assembly ....................5-1 5-2. Electronic Weighing Kit (Typical) ....................5-2 5-3. Load Cell and Jack .........................................5-2 5-4. Reading a Hydrometer ....................................5-3 5-5. Accessory Weighing Kit ..................................5-4 5-6. Estimation of “As Weighed” Weight ................5-6 5-7. Leveling Lugs Inside the Aircraft .....................5-7 5-8. Leveling Lugs Outside the Aircraft ..................5-7 5-9. Plumb Bob ......................................................5-8

6-1. Load Adjuster ..................................................6-3

7-1. Asymmetric Configurations .............................7-1 7-2. Aircraft Balance Point .....................................7-2

7-3. Locating Aircraft Center of Gravity ..................7-3

B-1. Sample DD Form 365 Record of Weight and Balance Personnel .................. B-2

B-2. Sample DD Form 365-1 Chart A - Basic Weight Checklist Record .................. B-3

B-3. Sample DD Form 365-2 Form B - Aircraft Weighing Record ........................... B-4

B-4. Sample DD Form 365-3 Chart C - Basic Weight and Balance Record ............. B-6

B-5. Sample DD Form 365-4 Weight and Balance Clearance Form F - Transport ...... B-7

B-6. Sample DD Form 365-4 Weight and Balance Clearance Form F - Tactical ......... B-8

Table Title Page Table Title Page

LIST OF TABLES

Repairs Guidelines ......................................3-5

5-1. Weighing Tolerances .......................................5-9

8-1. USN/USMC Aircraft Classification Table .......8-14 v

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TPDR-1/(TPDR-2 Blank)

V09661-13-0020 ................................................. Pg 3-2

N39785-12-0009............................................... Pg 8-16

N66051-12-0002....................................Section 3/4/6/8

N55627-12-0011 ............................................... Pg 8-20

N00421-13-9500............................................... Pg 8-38

N00421-14-9502................................................. Pg 8-1

N00421-14-9503................................................. Pg 8-1

N00421-14-9504..................................... Para 8.1.5.1.5

N00421-14-9505........................................ Para 8.1.5.3

N00421-14-9506........................................... Para 8.1.6

N00421-14-9507........................................ Para 8.1.7.1

N00421-14-9508........................................ Para 8.1.7.4

N00421-14-9509........................................ Para 8.1.7.5

N00421-14-9511 ........................................ Para 8.1.7.5

N00421-14-9512................................Various Locations

N00421-14-9513........................................ Para 8.1.7.6

N00421-14-9514........................................ Para 8.1.8.1

N00421-14-9515..................................... Para 8.1.8.1.2

N00421-14-9516........................................ Para 8.1.8.5

N00421-14-9517........................................ Para 8.1.8.6

N00421-14-9518........................................ Para 8.1.9.1

N00421-14-9519..................................... Para 8.1.10-2

LIST OF TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS DEFICIENCY REPORTS INCORPORATED

N00421-14-9520...................................... Para 8.1.12.2

N00421-14-9521...................................... Para 8.1.12.4

N00421-14-9522..................................... Para 8.1.12.4

N00421-14-9523........................................ Para 8.1.13

R09442-14-0016.................................. Para 3.6.4/8.2.6

N65923-14-1099............................................... Pg 8-21

N00421-14-9525...................................... Para 8.1.12.3

N00421-14-9526......................................... Para 8.1.15

R09808-12-0029............................................... Pg 8-21

N00421-2014-9510............................Various Locations

N00421-15-0100................................................Title Pg

N00421-15-0101................................................. Pg 2-2

N00421-15-0102.............................................Section 3

N00421-15-0103.............................................Section 4

N00421-15-0104.............................................Section 5

N00421-15-0105.............................................Section 6

N00421-15-0106.............................................Section 7

N00421-15-0107.............................................Section 8

N00421-15-0108.............................................Section 8

N00421-15-0109.............................................Section 8

N00421-15-0110 ......................................Appendix A-D

Report Control Number (RCN) Location Report Control Number (RCN) Location

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SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE. This manual outlines and defines the

requirements, procedures, and responsibilities for weight and balance control of military aircraft. This manual also provides information and instructions for maintaining the charts and forms (DD Form 365 series or electronic equivalent) that provide the means for maintaining continuous record and control of aircraft weight and balance. Information and explanation of principles, terms, and definitions are presented to provide weight and balance personnel with a general information manual pertinent to their particular function.

1.2 SCOPE. The use of this manual is mandatory

for all weight and balance tasks that operate and/or maintain United States military aircraft (including fixed-wing aircraft, rotary-wing aircraft and select unmanned air vehicles). Each service’s Engineering Organization for weight and balance may approve alternate methods of compliance with this technical manual. See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements for additional information concerning select unmanned air vehicles. Sufficient explanation of principles, definitions, procedures and data are given to provide weight and balance personnel with a general information manual pertinent to their particular function. Also included is a complete description of related equipment and instructions for its use and operation. The general requirements and procedures of this manual are applicable to weight and balance control of all military aircraft. Additional requirements, procedures, and/ or instructions for specific aircraft weight and balance control are specified in the aircraft specific manuals. See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements for additional reference documents.

1.3 TERMINOLOGY.

1.3.1 Usage of the words "shall", "should", and "may"

is in accordance with the following:

1.3.2 The word "shall," is used to indicate the

requirements, procedures, and/or responsibilities are mandatory.

1.3.3 The word "should" is used to indicate a non-

mandatory but highly recommended method of accomplishment.

1.3.4 The word "may" is used to indicate an acceptable

or suggested means of accomplishment.

1.3.5 Weight and balance definitions are found in

Appendix A.

1.3.6 Warnings, Cautions, and Notes Defined. Warnings, cautions, and notes are used to emphasize important and critical instructions and are used for the following conditions:

1.3.6.1 WARNING: An operating procedure, practice, etc., which if not correctly followed, could result in personal injury or loss of life.

1.3.6.2 CAUTION: An operating procedure, practice, etc., which, if not strictly observed, could result in damage to or destruction of equipment.

1.3.6.3 NOTE: An operating procedure or condition that

must be emphasized.

1.4 REASONS FOR WEIGHT AND BALANCE

CONTROL. Since flight characteristics of aircraft are directly dependent upon conditions of weight and balance, using the principles and following the instructions contained in this manual can prevent dangerous flight conditions and potential associated mishaps. Gross Weight and center of gravity (CG) have a bearing on performance, stability, and control of the aircraft. For example, cargo placed too far aft in an already critically loaded aircraft could move the center of gravity out of the permissible balance limits. This could cause the pilot to lose control of the aircraft. Hazardous flight conditions and accidents resulting from these conditions can be prevented by adherence to the principles of weight and balance set forth in this manual. An aircraft whose weight is greater than its allowable maximum Gross Weight, or whose Center of Gravity (CG) is located outside its prescribed CG limits, may experience one or more of the following unsatisfactory flight characteristics, performance degradations or payload reduction:

a. Longitudinal instability.

b. Lateral instability.

c. Increase in takeoff distance and/or required power setting or torque.

d. Increase in takeoff speed.

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e. Increase in landing ground run.

f. Increase in control forces.

g. Increase in stall speeds.

h. Decrease in range and/or allowable payload.

i. Decrease in rate of climb.

j. Decrease in service ceiling.

k. Decrease in structural safety factors.

l. Decreased hover performance.

m. Decreased cruising speed.

n. Decreased maneuverability.

1.5 COMMENTS. See Section 8 - Service Specific

Requirements for Points of Contact for each service.

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SECTION 2

AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE PRINCIPLES

2.1 AIRCRAFT WEIGHT PRINCIPLES. One of the

basic elements of aircraft design is weight. The weight of an aircraft is used in determining such design criteria as engine requirements, wing area, landing gear requirements, and payload capacity. Any weight changes, whether in manufacturing, modification, or maintenance, can have distinct effects on aircraft performance and/or payload capability.

2.1.1 Weight Terminology. Figure 2-1 illustrates the

definition of, and relationships between, aircraft weight terminology. For related definitions, see Appendix A.

2.1.2 Weight Limits. All aircraft are designed with a

number of weight limits. These limits are determined by a combination of performance, control, and structural restrictions. Exceeding these limits can result in loss of aircraft and is expressly forbidden.

2.1.3 Aircraft Weight. The weight of an aircraft is

determined through a combination of actual weighing, accurate record keeping, and proper use of the aircraft specific manuals, charts, forms, and loading manuals.

WEIGHT EMPTY

Unusable fuel, engine oil, permanent ballast, oxygen, and all non-mission specific internal or external equipment onboard the aircraft and will not be disposed of during the flight and is not listed in the Chart E.

BASIC WEIGHT

Crew, crew baggage, steward equipment, emergency equipment, special mission fixed equipment, and all other non-expendable items (such as fixed pylons and racks) not in Basic Weight.

OPERATING WEIGHT

Payload items, such as cargo, ammunition, passengers, expendable stores, droppable fuel tanks, and transfer fuel.

ZERO FUEL WEIGHT

Usable Fuel

RAMP WEIGHT

Taxi Fuel

TAKE-OFF GROSS WEIGHT

Load items that may or may not be expended in flight; such as fuel, stores, ammunition, cargo and paratroops.

LANDING GROSS WEIGHT

Figure 2-1. Weight Terminology

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2.1.4 Floor Loading. Floor loading is the weight, in

pounds, of a load divided by the area of floor on which the load rests. These limits shall never be exceeded.

2.1.4.1 For example, the floor loading for a 100-pound

container is determined as follows:

Base of container = 20 inches x 20 inches = 400 square inches

Floor loading or:

0.25 pounds per square inch x 144 square inches per square foot = 36 pounds per square foot

= 100 pounds = 0.25 pounds per square inch 400 square inches

Floor loading limits or a plan view of the cargo floor showing variations in floor strength and weight concentration limitations for various compartments are specified in the applicable operator's manual.

NOTE

1 square foot = 144 square inches.

2.2 AIRCRAFT BALANCE PRINCIPLES. An aircraft

is said to be in balance, or balanced, when all weight items in, on, or of the aircraft are distributed so that the

Center of Gravity (CG) of the aircraft is within allowable CG limits. These limits are defined by the most forward and aft permissible CG locations and are called the forward and aft CG limits, respectively. To determine if an aircraft is balanced, the aircraft CG shall be calculated and compared to the forward and aft CG limits for that particular configuration and Gross Weight. This can be calculated or not only longitudinal but the lateral and vertical conditions as well, although few aircraft track lateral or vertical CG. Refer to aircraft specific manuals in these cases.

2.2.1 Terminology. The terms balance, arm, balance

arm, moment, simplified moment, load adjuster index, and Center of Gravity are fundamental to understanding aircraft balance and control. These, and other terms used in this section, are defined in Appendix A.

2.3 CALCULATING AIRCRAFT CENTER OF

GRAVITY (CG). The CG of a loaded aircraft can be calculated when the weights and moment arms of the items which make up the aircraft Gross Weight are known. (See Figure 2-2) This can be done by using moments. The relationship between weight, arm and moment is as follows:

WEIGHT × ARM = MOMENT

Figure 2-2. Calculating Aircraft CG

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2.3.1 It is important to note that arms may not be added

or subtracted when calculating CG. CG is calculated by taking the summation of total moments divided by the summation of total weights. Weights can be added or subtracted and moments can be added or subtracted but arms cannot be added or subtracted.

2.4 FUSELAGE STATION. Fuselage Station (FS)

is frequently synonymous to the balance arm scale.

However, if the aircraft fuselage is shortened or lengthened, the original fuselage sections usually retain their old FS designations but will have different balance arms. This alters the FS–balance arm relationship (see

Figure 2-3). The balance arm is what is used in the moment calculation formula. A fuselage plug can result in items being located ahead of the reference datum, leading to negative balance arms, as in Figure 2-3.

NOTE

Balance calculations shall be made using balance arms; not FS locations. Use only balance arms.

For those aircraft whose fuselage station differs from its balance arm, the aircraft-specific loading manual will provide a conversion table and further details.

Figure 2-3. Balance Arm Fuselage Station

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Figure 2-4. Percent MAC Example

2.5 PERCENT MEAN AERODYNAMIC CHORD

(% MAC). In fixed-wing aircraft, the location of the aircraft CG is commonly expressed by %MAC instead of by its balance arm. %MAC identifies a location with respect to the position of the MAC. 0.0 %MAC is at the leading edge of the wing and runs along the MAC to 100.0% at the trailing edge. For definitions, see Appendix A.

For weight and balance purposes, %MAC is found by a simple mathematical conversion equation or tables, particular to the aircraft, and listed in the aircraft-specific loading manual. (See Figure 2-4).

2.6 LOADING / UNLOADING. The loading or unloading

of items can have a considerable effect on aircraft balance, even when the items total less than one tenth of one percent of the aircraft weight. Balance loading principles and the techniques for determining the CG for various aircraft configurations are discussed in Section 7 (Center of Gravity Loading Calculations).

2.7 BALLAST. Sometimes design, manufacturing, or

maintenance changes cause the aircraft CG to exceed its limits. Permanent ballast may be required. This is usually corrected by the addition of permanent ballast which is required to be installed in the aircraft before flight and/or addition of temporary ballast depending on mission-loading. For definitions of permanent and temporary ballast, see Appendix A. An equation for use in determining the amount of temporary ballast is included in Section 7 (Center of Gravity Loading Calculations).

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SECTION 3

WEIGHT AND BALANCE SYSTEM

3.1 GENERAL. This Section defines the requirements, procedures and Command responsibilities relative to the US Military aircraft weight and balance control system.

The overall objectives of the system are to provide current and correct information regarding aircraft Basic Weight and moment, and to maintain aircraft Gross Weight and CG within permissible limits in order to ensure safety of flight. All commands are responsible to ensure that all personnel assigned weight and balance responsibility on US Military aircraft are qualified in accordance with Service Specific Requirements in Section 8.

3.2 MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBILITIES.

3.2.1 The aircraft manufacturer inserts all identifying

aircraft data on the title page of the Weight and Balance Handbook and completes all other applicable charts and forms prior to delivery of the aircraft.

3.2.2 The aircraft manufacturer or commercial

modification facility shall maintain and update the aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook in accordance with this manual. Any associated electronic records in or equivalent format shall be updated as well prior to delivery or return to service.

3.2.3 Each service’s technical proponent for weight

and balance may approve alternate methods, in lieu of weighing every new aircraft, for the manufacturer to establish the initial weight and center-of-gravity. (See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements).

3.3 C O M M E R C I A L M A I N T E N A N C E

RESPONSIBILITIES. Commercial activities involved in the weight and balance control of US Military aircraft shall comply with requirements of this manual.

3.4 DEPOT / INTERMEDIATE LEVEL MAINTENANCE

RESPONSIBILITIES. Depot / Intermediate level maintenance facilities shall update individual aircraft Weight and Balance records and weigh aircraft as required in accordance with the requirements of this manual and other applicable service specific documents (see Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements). These facilities shall ensure that a dedicated staff of qualified personnel are available to accomplish the required tasks and shall designate the Lead Weight and Balance Specialist responsible.

3.5 AIRCRAFT CUSTODIAN/TECHNICIAN/TYPE

COMMANDER RESPONSIBILITIES. Refer to Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements for additional clarification of responsibilities.

3.6 A I R C R A F T W E I G H T A N D B A L A N C E

CLASSIFICATIONS. For weight and balance control purposes, US Military aircraft are divided into the following classifications:

3.6.1 Class 1A. Class 1A aircraft are those with

published weight and CG limits that cannot be exceeded by normally employed loading arrangements and therefore need no loading control.

3.6.2 Class 1B. Class 1B aircraft are those with

published weight and CG limits that can be exceeded by normally employed loading arrangements and therefore need loading control.

3.6.3 Class 2. Class 2 aircraft are those with published

weight and CG limits that can readily be exceeded by normally employed loading arrangements and therefore need a higher degree of loading control.

NOTE

Service-unique requirements for UAVs/UASs are addressed in Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements.

3.7 WEIGHT AND BALANCE HANDBOOKS. An

aircraft weight and balance handbook provides for the continuous record of the weight and balance data for a particular aircraft. A separate handbook shall be produced and maintained for each aircraft.

NOTE

A weight and balance handbook is required for all active aircraft. Inactive aircraft (flyable temporary storage, static display, ground training) do not require weight and balance handbooks. If these inactive aircraft become active, the weight and balance handbook shall be updated with an actual weighing prior to first flight. If the weight and balance handbook is not available, one shall be initiated in accordance with paragraph 3.7.4.

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3.7.1 Handbook Location. Weight and balance

handbooks shall be stored as determined by the aircraft custodians/technicians, but always in a location readily available to the pilot and other personnel responsible for accomplishing weight and balance functions.

NOTE

For some aircraft it may be possible to have a completely electronic Weight and Balance handbook if authorized or required for a particular aircraft platform or by the appropriate governing authorities for each service. However, a current backup shall be maintained at all times to prevent loss of data. (See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements).

3.7.2 Handbooks Content. The weight and balance

handbook shall be maintained for each assigned active aircraft by qualified weight and balance personnel. The handbook DD 365 series charts, forms and records, or electronic equivalents), shall be maintained in accordance with requirements and instructions of this manual. The contents of the weight and balance handbook shall include:

3.7.2.1 A cover page containing the aircraft type (MDS/

TMS) and aircraft number (serial number/bureau number (BUNO)) shall be used.

3.7.2.2 DD Form 365, Record of Weight and Balance

Personnel.

3.7.2.3 DD Form 365-1, Chart A - Basic Weight

Checklist Record.

3.7.2.4 DD Form 365-2, Form B - Aircraft Weighing

Record.

3.7.2.5 DD Form 365-3, Chart C - Basic Weight and

Balance Record.

3.7.2.6 Chart E - Loading Data for applicable aircraft.

(See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements).

3.7.2.7 Required copies of DD Form 365-4, Weight and

Balance Clearance Form F, except Class 1A aircraft.

3.7.2.8 Electronic Media. When an aircraft is transferred, the transferring activity shall ensure an AWBS data file (or equivalent) for that serial number aircraft in a suitable approved electronic format is included with the weight and balance handbook records transferred with the aircraft.

3.7.2.8.1 The electronic weight and balance file

shall be backed up. (See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements). The data file shall be backed up in a location other than that of primary storage.

3.7.3 Handbook Security Classification. Aircraft weight

and balance handbooks shall be classified in accordance with the highest security classification of the data contained therein. Contact local or program security officers for additional requirements.

3.7.4 Handbook Initiation Or Replacement. In the

event an aircraft weight and balance handbook or pages become lost, damaged, or for any reason need to be initiated or replaced, the individual assigned responsibility for that aircraft weight and balance handbook shall assemble a new handbook as follows:

3.7.4.1 A cover page inserted in a blank binder or

suitable equivalent containing the aircraft type (MDS/ TMS) and aircraft number (serial number/bureau number (BUNO) ) shall be used.

3.7.4.2 Complete a new Record of Weight and Balance

Personnel.

3.7.4.3 Create or obtain a new Chart A using an

applicable existing Chart A or obtain a copy from the Service Engineering Organization.

3.7.4.4 Inventory the aircraft in accordance with

instructions in Section 4 (Instructions for the use of Weight and Balance Charts and Forms).

3.7.4.5 Weigh the aircraft by an authorized source.

Sources other than an authorized weighing facility shall be approved by the Service Engineering Organization.

(See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements). Record the results of the weighing on a Form B.

3.7.4.6 Create a new Chart C and begin it with an initial

entry reflecting the newly created Form B. Include a note identifying the reason for assembling a new handbook in the Chart C.

3.7.4.7 Copy an applicable aircraft Chart E from the

handbook of another aircraft of the same TMS/MDS or obtain a copy from the Service Engineering Organization.

(See Section 8 - Service Specific Requirements).

3.7.4.8 Obtain and prepare required Forms F.

3.7.4.9 Create a backup of the AWBS data file (or

equivalent) that contains the handbook data, once established and up-to-date.

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NOTE

If sufficient data is available to accurately reflect the aircraft's lost or damaged weight and balance data pages, as in the case of worn or water damaged pages, accomplish items 3.7.4.1 through 3.7.4.9 above as deemed necessary by the individual assigned responsibility for weight and balance. This may require obtaining a recent Chart A and Form B from the last weighing and making all applicable changes to the Chart C via a complete inventory and verification of all modifications (TCTO/MWO/TD) made since the last weighing.