YNG_Pest_Mgt_Plan_-_08.pdf

Integrated Pest Management Plan 2008

Youngstown Air Reserve Station

910th Airlift Wing

Air Force Reserve Command

May 2008

Youngstown ARS Pest Management Plan i May 2008

Table of Contents Section Page

APPROVAL AND TECHNICAL REVIEW .................................................................................................... I

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... II

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2. INTRODUCTION

(a) Objectives of the Pest Management Plan. 2

(b) Mission. 2

(c) Installation Description. 3

3. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

(a) Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC). 4

(b) Installation Pest Management Coordinator (PMC). 4

(c) Pest Management Quality Assurance Evaluator (QAE). 5

(d) Public Health / Bioenvironmental Engineer (BEE). 5

(e) Base Exchange Manager. 6

4. PEST MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS AND STRATEGIES FOR APPLICABLE

PEST/DISEASE VECTOR CATEGORIES

(a) Disease Vectors and Other Health-related Pests. 7

(b) General Household and Nuisance Pests. 8

(c) Real Property Pests. 8

(d) Weed Control. 9

(e) Stored Product Pests. 9

(f) Ornamental Plant and Turf Pests. 9

(g) Natural Resource Pests. 9

(h) Golf Course Pests. 9

(i) Miscellaneous Pests. 9

(j) Vertebrate Pests. 10

(k) Other Pest Management Requirements. 11

5. ADMINISTRATION

(a) Work Orders. 12

(b) Contracts. 12

(c) Inter-Service Support Agreements. 12

(d) Agricultural Outleases. 12

(e) Resources. 12

(f) Reports and Records. 13

(g) Training. 14

(h) Coordination with Food Managers, Maintenance Personnel, etc. 15

(i) Termite Inspection Plan. 15 ii May 2008

6. HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES

(a) Requirements. 16

(b) Methods to Reduce Potential Hazards to Pest Management Personnel. 16

(c) Methods to Reduce Potential Hazards to Installation Personnel. 16

(d) Methods to Reduce Potential Hazards to the Public. 17

(e) Pest Control Vehicles. 17

(f) Disposal. 17

7. PUBLIC LAWS AND REGULATIONS

8. COORDINATION WITH OTHER ORGANIZATIONS AND AGENCIES

9. MEASURES FOR COMPLIANCE WITH MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING WITH

STATE PESTICIDE REGULATORY OFFICE(S)

10. PEST MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS WITH SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL

CONSIDERATIONS

(a) Operations Using Restricted-Use Pesticides 21

(b) Operations with Potential to Contaminate Surface or Groundwater 21

(c) Operations in Areas Consisting of More than 640 Acres 21

(d) Operations in Areas with Endangered or Protected Species. 21

(e) Operations Involving Aerial Application 21

(f) Operations Involving Designated Noxious Weeds. 21

(g) Operations Involving Experimental-Use Permits. 21

(h) Operations Involving Environmentally Sensitive Areas. 21

11. OTHER PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN ISSUES

(a) Applicable Pollution Control/Abatement Projects. 23

(b) Pollution Prevention. 23

(c) Pesticides Sold in Commissaries and Exchanges and Self-help Program. 23

(d) Environmental Documentation. 24

12. PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SERVICES PROVIDED TO OTHER ACTIVITIES OR

INSTALLATIONS

(a) On Installation. 24

(b) Off Installation. 24

13. BENEFICIAL PUBLICATIONS AND EMERGENCY CONTACTS

14. ANNEXES

(A) Installation Map A

(B) Annual Pesticide Procurement Approval for Restricted Use Pesticides B

(C) Pesticide Inventory C

(D) Pesticide Labels and Material Safety Data Sheets D

(E) Operational Control and Maintenance Records from Previous Years E

(F) Applicable Instructions and Procedures F

(G) Contracting Standards, Specifications, and Statements of Work G iii May 2008

(H) Manpower Surveys H

(I) Shop Equipment and Sources I

(J) List of Safety Items and Personal Protective Equipment J

(K) Technical Information K

(L) Spill Plan and Pesticide Clean-up Guidance L

(M) Industrial Hygiene Surveys of Pest Management Shop M

(N) Cost Comparison Analyses N

(O) Licenses and Certifications O

,iI/~ Date:ljf.~.k1{>Of P st Management Quality Assurance Evaluator (Q )

Max Shifflet 910th MSG/CEV (303) 609-1316

Bioenvironmental Engineer Mitch Panasuk 910th AW/SGPB (330) 609-1241 cA(~~ Base Civi ngineer Larry D. LeMar 910th MSG CE (330) 6 9-1060 rtiJ Base Commander Udo K. McGregor, Col., USAFR 910th AW/CC (330) 609-1243

UB~~

Command Entomologist

~fMark Breidenbaugh, ., USAFR

757 AS/DOS (330) 609-1965

Date: " 0c&U ~

Date:/J~~

Date: I' 7V,..J zoot{ ii May 2008

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AAFES - Army-Air Force Exchange System AFI - Air Force Instruction AFPMB - Armed Forces Pest Management Board AFRC - Air Force Reserve Command ARS - Air Reserve Station BASH - Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard BCE - Base Civil Engineer BEE - Bioenvironmental Engineer CE - Civil Engineering CEO - Civil Engineering Operations CEOM - Civil Engineering Facility Maintenance and Utility Operations CEV - Civil Engineering Environmental Management CIS - Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Substances DoD - Department of Defense DoDI - Department of Defense Instruction EO - Executive Order EPA - Environmental Protection Agency FIFRA - Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act FY - Fiscal Year HAZCOM - Hazard Communication IPM - Integrated Pest Management IPMIS - Integrated Pest Management Information System MAJCOM - Major Command MoM – Measure of Merit MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet OEPA – Ohio Environmental Protection Agency PMC - Pest Management Consultant POL - Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants QAE - Quality Assurance Evaluator RBC - Red Blood Cell SPTG - Support Group TIM - Technical Information Memorandum USACOE – United State Army Corps of Engineers USAF – United States Air Force USDASCS – United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Services

1 May 2008

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This document provides the guidance necessary to meet Department of Defense (DoD) policy requirements for pest management, as detailed in DoD Instruction (DoDI) 4150.7, DoD Pest Management Program (22 April 1996), to establish and maintain safe, effective, and environmentally sound integrated pest management (IPM) programs. These programs are designed to prevent or control pests and disease vectors that may adversely impact readiness or military operations by affecting the health of personnel or damaging structures, materiel, or property. The Air Force specific guidance for pest management, incorporating DoD guidelines, is promulgated in Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-1053, Pest Management Program (1 April 1999).

This plan will also ensure compliance with all applicable Executive Orders and applicable Federal, State, and Local statutory and regulatory requirements. The plan incorporates the IPM philosophy, strategies, and techniques to incorporate vector control and pest management, while reducing pesticide-related risk and preventing pollution.

The contents of this plan apply to all activities and individuals working, residing, or otherwise doing business on this installation and will be implemented to the maximum extent possible. At no time will pest management operations be completed in a manner that will cause harm to personnel or the environment. Pest management responsibility will begin with those individuals that occupy or maintain buildings or open space on the installation. Nonchemical control efforts will be used to the maximum extent possible before pesticides are used. This plan will be a working document and will be continually updated to reflect actual pest management practices.

The pest management plan for Youngstown Air Reserve Station (ARS) describes the installation's pest management requirements, outlines the resources necessary for surveillance and control, and describes the administrative, safety, and environmental requirements of the program.

The installation utilizes the services of a pest management contractor to control pests. Pests included in the plan are weeds and other unwanted vegetation, crawling insects (ants, cockroaches, spiders, centipedes, millipedes, ticks), flying insects (mosquitoes, flies, hornets/wasps, and honey bees), mice, ground hogs, raccoons, and other vertebrate pests.

Without control, these pests could interfere with the military mission, damage real property, increase maintenance costs, and expose installation personnel to certain diseases.

2 May 2008

2. INTRODUCTION

(a) Objectives of the Pest Management Plan.

This pest management plan is a framework through which pest management is defined and accomplished on the installation. The plan identifies elements of the program such as health and environmental safety, pest identification, and pest management, as well as pesticide storage, transportation, use, and disposal. This plan is to be used as a tool to reduce reliance on pesticides, enhance environmental protection, and maximize use of IPM techniques. IPM consists of the judicious use of both nonchemical and chemical control techniques to reduce pest populations to an acceptable level with minimal environmental contamination. IPM strategies will be stressed in order to comply with pesticide reduction on the installation in accordance with the DoD Pest Management Environmental Security Measures of Merit (MoM) (on-line address:

http://www.afpmb.org/moms.htm). Details of the IPM strategies for each pest are provided in Annex K.

This pest management plan is designed to prevent pests and disease vectors from adversely impacting Air Force military operations and missions while using environmentally sound techniques to safely and effectively control pests and disease vectors and reduce pollution and other risk factors associated with pesticide use. The plan is tailored to the specific pests of concern and conditions prevalent at the facilities owned and operated by Youngstown ARS. The following steps provide the ideal framework for addressing any pest problem in a manner that supports IPM strategies:

• Analyze the pest problem

• Implement short-term corrective action

• Implement long-term corrective action

• Monitor, document, and evaluate results

• Educate base personnel

Anticipated pest problems for the 910th Airlift Wing during 2007 include the following:

• Wasps, bees, and hornets

• Ground hogs

• Weeds

(b) Mission.

The primary mission of the 910th Airlift Wing is to train and equip Reservists and assigned personnel to meet wartime taskings and peacetime contingencies. Additionally, the unit provides base operating support as host unit at Youngstown Air Reserve Station. The wartime mission of the 910th is to employ C130 aircraft in combat operations, to include low-level infiltration, delivering personnel and materials by airdrop or airland, and aerial spray applications in response to Department of Defense taskings.

3 May 2008

(c) Installation Description.

(1) Location, Size, and Configuration. Youngstown ARS is located in the upper northeast corner of Ohio at the Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport in Trumbull County, Ohio, approximately 12 miles north of Youngstown and 10 miles east of Warren. The installation is highly developed with industrial building complexes, aircraft operations, support facilities, parking lots, and a network of paved roads throughout most of the site. The developed portion of the station consists of 60 Air Force buildings, 2 Naval Reserve buildings and encompasses approximately 230 acres (77 acres of improved turf and 153 acres of unimproved land).

(2) Geology and Topography. Youngstown ARS is located in the Glaciated Appalachian Plateau physiographic province. This province is characterized by nearly level to gently sloping topography. Installation elevations range from 1,100 feet to 1,200 feet above mean sea level with the parking apron at 1,196 feet. Bedrock in the vicinity of the base is moderately hard and is often less than 10 feet (ft) below the surface. The soils in the area of Youngstown ARS are mapped within the Wadsworth-Rittman Association. This association is characterized as nearly level to sloping, somewhat poorly drained and moderately well drained soil. Eight soil types within this association have been mapped within Youngstown ARS by the United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Services (USDASCS). Previous studies have revealed that there are jurisdictional wetlands located within the cantonment area of the installation.

Although much of the wooded areas at the base have long since been removed, developed, or affected by adjacent development, approximately 12.46 acres, located on the northeastern part of the ARS contains jurisdictional wetlands regulated by the United State Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE). Additionally, 0.89 acres of isolated wetlands, regulated by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA), occur within the wooded and improved upland areas of the jurisdictional wetlands. This wooded wetland complex is composed of mixed hardwoods, such as red maple, beech, oak, elm and black cherry. Previous surveys have revealed that there are no known threatened, endangered, or locally rare wildlife species or habitats.

(3) Climate. Youngstown ARS is located in an area with a humid, temperate climate, consisting of warm, humid summers and cold winters.

(4) Temperature. The average annual temperature is 48.5 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature varies widely throughout the year due to seasonal variations. The relative humidity averages between 83 percent in the morning and 61 percent in the afternoon.

(5) Wind. Winds are predominately from the west to southwest at an average of 9.7 miles per hour.

(6) Precipitation. The annual precipitation averages 38.02 inches and is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. July has the highest amount of rainfall. During winter months approximately one fourth of the precipitation occurs as snow. Snow covers the ground on an average of 35 days per year. Average annual snowfall is approximately 55 inches.

4 May 2008

3. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

(a) Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC).

(1) Works in Civil Engineering, to implement and oversee pest management policies and programs for the host AFRC installations.

(2) Reviews installation pest management programs on-site at least every 36 months, to assess the program effectiveness. This is being accomplished every 2 to 3 years, by the AFRC Environmental Compliance Assessment & Management Program (ECAMP) external inspections.

(3) Coordinates annual review of installation Pest Management Plans, and technical approval by the AFRC Pest Management Consultants, who are DoD certified and recognized by the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB).

(4) Certifies only military and DoD civilian pesticide applicators that have met the requirements for certification training. Provides all certified personnel with DD Form 1826, Certificate of Competency, and DD Form 1826-1, Pesticide Applicator.

(5) Helps installations to implement the Integrated Pest Management Information System (IPMIS) pesticide database. Collects quarterly IPMIS data reports from the installations, and the annual MoM data, and forwards this to Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA).

(6) Prior to solicitation of Base Operating Services (BOS) contracts which include pest control duties, reviews the Statement of Work and obtains technical approval from the AFRC Pest Management Consultant. Contract requirements are contained in the AFPMB Technical Information Memo (TIM) # 39.

(b) Installation Pest Management Coordinator (PMC).

(1) Is officially designated by the Base Civil Engineer, and works in conjunction with (or may also be designated as) the Pest Management Quality Assurance Evaluator. Implements and coordinates the installation pest management program. Refer to paragraphs 5(f) and 5(g) of this Plan for more information on Records and Training.

(2) Performs an annual review of the installation Pest Management Plan, and prepares an update to the Plan if necessary. This may include changes in facility pest problems, pest management methods, use of pesticides, labels for pesticides, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), pest control contractors, personnel certification, etc.

(3) Notifies Headquarters Air Force Reserve Command (HQ AFRC) of the Pest Management Plan’s annual review action. Obtains a technical approval from the AFRC Pest Management Consultant (by e-mail via HQ) for all Plan updates. Obtains annual review signatures on the Plan cover sheet from other Base organizations as required. Plan changes should be electronic and color coded or marked whenever possible.

(4) Prepares electronic quarterly reports, and annual MoM reports, for HQ AFRC using pesticide application data extracted from the IPMIS.

5 May 2008

(5) For DoD employees, ensures that only certified personnel, or non-certified but trained personnel that are under direct supervision of a certified applicator, will apply pesticides on the installation.

(6) Ensures that pest management programs and facilities comply with all applicable Federal, State, and local laws; DoD instructions; and Air Force requirements. The government is not responsible for pest control contractors’ compliance with OSHA regulations.

(c) Pest Management Quality Assurance Evaluator (QAE).

(1) Works in conjunction with (or may also be designated as) the Installation Pest Management Coordinator. Acts as a government QA inspector to protect the Air Force interest, through the on-site performance evaluation of commercial pest management contracts, and pesticide application work on the installation.

(2) For contractor employees, ensures that only certified personnel will apply pesticides on the installation, and ensures that the contractors are State licensed. DoDI 4150.7 prohibits non-certified contractor employees in training from applying pesticides on the installation, regardless of their supervision (no exceptions).

(3) Prior to solicitation of local (non-BOS) contracts that include pest control duties, reviews the Statement of Work and obtains technical approval from HQ AFRC. Contract requirements are contained in the AFPMB TIM #39.

(4) Ensures that pest management contracts comply with all applicable Federal, State, and Local laws, DoDIs, and Air Force requirements. The government is not responsible for pest control contractors’ compliance with OSHA regulations.

(5) Maintains the IPMIS pesticide database, and installs new program software upgrades when these are available. Collects and inputs data from all pesticide applications performed on the installation, whether performed in house, or by tenants or contractors. Data input into the IPMIS may be performed by a BOS contractor, provided that the Pest Management QAE conducts at least quarterly monitoring to ensure that data entry is done correctly.

(6) Ensures the monitoring is performed periodically for pests that damage or destroy property (such as termites, wood rot fungus, etc) and documents any problems in IPMIS. This monitoring may be performed by a certified contractor. Ensures that installation personnel report real property damage caused by pests.

(d) Public Health / Bioenvironmental Engineer (BEE).

(1) Determines the type, source, and prevalence of disease vectors and pests that may affect the health and productivity of installation personnel.

(2) Recommends preventive and control measures for health related pests, and monitors the effectiveness of contractor performed pest management efforts on the installation personnel.

6 May 2008

(3) Evaluates potential occupational exposures and the adequacy of exposure control, for protection of installation personnel, through periodic facility visits in those areas where pesticides are applied.

(4) Maintains liaison with the local health department to ensure disease vectors associated with specific pests are addressed expeditiously.

(e) Base Exchange Manager.

(1) Maintains a current pesticide inventory along with MSDS information.

(2) Follows good management practices to prevent spills of pesticides, and cleans up minor spills as required.

(3) Coordinates all pesticide disposals with the Installation Pest Management Coordinator.

7 May 2008

4. PEST MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS AND STRATEGIES FOR APPLICABLE

PEST/DISEASE VECTOR CATEGORIES

The general overall strategy for the treatment of pests at Youngstown ARS is to use staged levels of response to control the pest, always using the minimum response necessary. Physical or cultural control measures are emphasized as the preferred methods of control and are applied first.

For some pests, all of these methods are used. For others, only one or two of the alternatives may be employed to prove effective. Regardless, chemicals are only used if necessary and are always minimally applied, as required, to control the pest. Integration of these levels of response will result in pest control with minimum impact on the environment.

Treatment of pests on base will be conducted by DoD-certified government employees and/or by state-certified pesticide applicators from contracted pest control companies using DoD-approved control techniques and pesticides. An approved pesticides list may be found at the following website: http://www.afpmb.org/standardlists.htm.

The following sections discuss the specific pests and control strategies associated with each of the general categories of pests for Youngstown ARS.

(a) Disease Vectors and Other Health-related Pests.

(1) Yellow jackets (Vespula sp.) and wasps (Polistes sp.) are occasionally found on the installation during the warmer months. Wasp stings are painful and cause allergic reactions in some people. These insects are a minor problem in Youngstown ARS. The short-term strategy is to use a contact spray in areas where humans may be at risk of stings or a residual type insecticide in other areas, if required. Pesticide application should be done at night (at least 1 hour after sunset), when all wasps have returned to the nest, or very early in the morning (just after dawn) to reduce insect contact. The nest should be removed unless it is unreachable. Because of the nature of the infestations, a long-term strategy is not required.

(2) Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are a minor seasonal pest group at Youngstown ARS and have not required fogging. The winds blowing over the base building areas from the runway area greatly reduce mosquito infestation. The breeding grounds for the small numbers of mosquitoes that do exist on base are probably located in the pond, jurisdictional wetlands, and/or the grassy area southwest of the firing range. Two viruses that may potentially be transmitted by species found at Youngstown ARS are La Crosse Encephalitis and West Nile Virus. Several human cases of La Crosse Encephalitis were reported in adjacent counties between 2000 and 2001. As of September 26, 2002, 249 probable human cases and 5 confirmed human cases for West Nile Virus have been identified in Ohio during the current calendar year. Four of the probable human cases were reported in adjacent counties, and one in Trumbull County where Youngstown ARS is located. Ten of the probable cases in Ohio have resulted in death. Presently, the long-term strategy is to maintain control primarily through the use of wire screening to exclude this pest from areas where personnel live and work and by ensuring that, if possible, any areas of standing water are filled in. Light traps are available for monitoring purposes if necessary. Although mosquitoes are generally not a problem at Youngstown ARS, at some time in the future, indications may be that mosquitoes carrying the previously mentioned viruses could

8 May 2008 be present in the vicinity of Youngstown ARS. At that time, ultra-low-volume insecticide applications or other additional control strategies may need to be employed.

(3) Flies (primarily Diptera: Muscidae, Simulidae, and Calliphoridae) are a minor problem at the food service facilities on base, including the Consolidated Open Mess and the Club. Normally, infestations are noted during periodic monitoring by the BOS pest contractor.

Non-chemical methods of control such as good sanitation practices, air curtains, and exclusion (by screening and/or use of air conditioning) from small access points are preferentially used and generally effective for this pest. Additionally, vector electronic traps (Air Force approved for food service lines) are installed in the dining hall kitchen, and the kitchen and dining area of the Consolidated Open Mess. If required, baits are used outside these buildings, primarily around dumpsters, as a control measure. Should a heavy indoor infestation occur, the post-detection treatment is contracted by a pest control contractor with State certified pesticide applicators. The contracted company is required to use Air Force-approved methods and insecticides.

(b) General Household and Nuisance Pests.

(1) Crawling insects (ants and cockroaches) may require control in and around billets, food service facilities, warehouses, offices, and other administrative buildings. In general, pests in this category constitute minor pest problems on the installation. Monthly monitoring of the club, dining hall, and fire department are performed by the pest management contractor. For other locations, personnel working in the area usually sight and report the pests. Once reported, appropriate action is taken by the pest management contractor.

The short-term strategies such as good sanitation practices include, but are not limited to, reduction of food for ants and cockroaches (1) by cleaning up spilled food from work surfaces, walls, and floors; (2) by washing dirty dishes and cooking containers following use; and (3) by not leaving exposed food in the facility overnight. Food is kept in sealed containers when not in use. In food storage areas, high standards of cleanliness are required. For large infestations, the use of a pesticide approved for use in this type of area may be necessary to control the pest.

The long-term strategy consists of prevention of ant and cockroach infestations through structural modifications and good sanitation practices. Structural modifications undertaken to restrict access for these pests are relatively minor and consist of the elimination of insect-accessible openings. These areas may be closed off by caulking (or filling with other materials) minor cracks and crevices, by patching holes in walls and floors, and by screening where appropriate.

(c) Real Property Pests.

(1) Eastern Subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes) have not been reported as a pest at Youngstown. Preventive measures include removal of wood-based waste from around buildings and in crawl spaces. Proper monitoring is conducted annually to detect any infestation in the wooden structures on the base. Should evidence of an infestation be detected, immediate reporting and treatment is undertaken. Post-detection treatment is contracted by a pest control

9 May 2008 contractor with state certified pesticide applicators. The contracted company is required to use Air Force-approved methods and insecticides.

(d) Weed Control.

(1) Much of the pest management contractor’s pest control activities are focused on broadleaf weeds, including dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) and other unwanted vegetation growing on the aircraft apron area, along fence lines, around building perimeters, on road shoulders, on other paved surfaces, around fire hydrants, around culverts and sanitary manholes, along steps, around tree bases, and in ornamental rock areas. To the maximum extent feasible, in cooperation with Grounds Maintenance (operating under BOS), this unwanted vegetation is nonchemically controlled, depending on the area, by mowing, good practice application of weed and feed, weed trimmers, manual pulling, use of appropriate seed type for reseeding efforts, and so on. Once these methods have been exhausted, or in conjunction with these methods, application of weed-specific or broad-spectrum herbicides may be required. For several areas, the use of herbicides may be the only effective means of controlling the unwanted vegetation.

(e) Stored Product Pests.

(1) Insects such as beetles and moths that infest stored products have not been reported as a pest problem at Youngstown ARS.

(f) Ornamental Plant and Turf Pests.

(1) Worms and caterpillars (Lepidoptera), sucking insects (Homoptera), and beetles, grubs, and borers (Coleoptera) are pests that fall under this category. In early spring, the pest management contractor inspects the ornamental plants on site to determine the extent of pest infestation. If the numbers are small, manual removal of the pests may be appropriate. Larger numbers of these pests may require pesticide application to effectively control them. In all cases, appropriate DoD pest control practices are employed. As in all IPM strategies, the use of pesticides serves as a last resort.

(g) Natural Resource Pests.

(1) No problems are encountered with these pests.

(h) Golf Course Pests.

(1) No golf course exists at Youngstown ARS.

(i) Miscellaneous Pests.

(1) No other insect pests have been reported as problems at Youngstown ARS.

10 May 2008

(j) Vertebrate Pests.

Multiple vertebrate pests are present at Youngstown ARS. Mice and groundhogs require the most time to control. Birds and raccoons are also a nuisance but require less of the pest management contractor’s time. IPM strategies for control of these pests are detailed below.

(1) Mice (Mus musculus and Peromyscus leucopus) are seasonal pests occasionally observed around food service areas. The white-footed mouse is a known reservoir for Lyme Disease however, the vector (deer tick) for this disease is currently not known to be established or widespread in Ohio.

Maintenance, housekeeping, and environmental services have established IPM practices that have prevented these pests from becoming an established pest. However, during the winter season, as temperatures drop and food sources dwindle, some mice and/or rats may enter some buildings. As would be expected, the structures that are adjacent to open fields are more likely to be subject to mouse infestations. After receiving reports of rodents, the pest management contractor performs surveillance of the site and implements appropriate control procedures. Non-chemical control methods such as the use of glue boards, snap traps, and exclusion have been used effectively to control the mice. These same control methods would prove equally effective against rats should the need arise. Areas that attract rats and mice are regularly cleaned, and rodent proofing is accomplished by installing screens and barriers to keep them out. As a last resort, a rodenticide appropriate for the area of infestation may be applied.

(2) Large rodents such as raccoons (Procyon lotor) and especially, ground hogs (Marmota monax) are prevalent at Youngstown ARS, especially during the summer months. Occasionally, these pests will invade the garbage dumpsters in search of food scraps. Each of these large rodents typically has the potential to carry and transmit rabies. If these large rodents were ever to become more than a nuisance, specifically, a health threat, 910th BEE personnel would consult the County Health Department (or HQ AFRC Pest Management Coordinator) for guidance on how to address the problem. Trapping is the most common form of pest removal. The most effective means of control for this pest consists of the use of Con-a-Bear choke traps.

(3) Birds on and around the Youngstown ARS property present an aircraft strike hazard.

The 910th AW does not control the airfield at Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport. Because of this, and in accordance the 910th AW Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Reduction Plan, no direct control measures are implemented. The civilian management of the airfield has a Wildlife Hazard Reduction Plan and is responsible for minimizing this threat.

During the summer season, hangar doors are often left open. The structural members of both of these hangars include high roof trusses that often attract various species of birds that use these high areas for nesting. Bird droppings and nesting debris fall onto the hangar floors, hangar equipment, and mission aircraft (leading to the possible presence of Histoplasma, an infectious agent). The most common pest species are house sparrows (Passer domesticus), pigeons (Columba livia), grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). To minimize the number of birds trying to roost and nest in the hangars, aircraft maintenance personnel are encouraged to deny the birds access to the hangars by keeping the hangar doors closed as much as possible, particularly during the summer. Other IPM techniques currently used include nest

11 May 2008 removal, screening, and by the use of sticky substances on roosting/resting areas. If the need ever occurs, other engineering devices can be installed to prevent bird access, for example, ceiling netting or nix-a-lite®.

(k) Other Pest Management Requirements.

(1) The pest management contractor is responsible, as necessary, for removal of vertebrate remains after pesticide treatment has been completed. In addition, the pest management contractor provides services for odor control in buildings and other structures on the installation.

Odors may arise from dead animals in walls, crawl spaces, and other areas; decaying vegetation, molds, and fungi; or other sources.

(2) On Youngstown ARS, all pest management operations are contracted out to base services contractors. Corrective action to control insects and rodents is performed by a contractor that specializes in control of these particular pests and that provides control measures on an as-needed basis. Herbicide application is also contracted out to a specialized contractor. The BOS contractor does not maintain a stock of or apply pesticides. A sample Performance Work Statement (PWS) for grounds maintenance is included in Annex G.

(3) Preventive action for insects and rodents consists of reducing the attraction of these pests by minimizing food sources and access. The following prevention techniques will be applied during the year to deter infestations of these pests:

• Proper solid waste management, especially within food service and lodging facilities

• Elimination of unnecessary debris within and around the exterior of facilities

• Maintenance of adequate sanitation through recurring housekeeping

• Sealing of pest entryways, when it is possible to identify an entryway for a particular pest

• Applications of pesticides to cracks and crevices

(4) The frequency of pesticide applications will vary according to presences of pests.

Applications will not be scheduled to take place unless a pest problem is noted and cannot be solved without chemical intervention. Chemical usage is tracked, but current data have not been verified and cannot be used to track trends or reduction at this time.

(5) Change in Pesticide Quantity Applied. Program evaluation based on the quantity of pesticide active ingredient applied corresponds to the Air Force MoM requiring efforts to reduce pesticide applications. The Air Force goal was a 50% reduction in pounds of active ingredient applied by the end of FY2000, based on a FY1993 baseline.

Because of inconsistent availability of records over this period, it is not possible to analyze or draw defensible conclusions regarding the base’s progress in meeting the MoM goals. Proper implementation of this Pest Management Plan should result in reliable, consistent tracking of pesticide usage and the ability to draw future conclusions regarding pesticide reductions based on solid baseline data.

12 May 2008

5. ADMINISTRATION

(a) Work Orders.

Work order actions are the responsibility of the Base Operating Services (BOS) contractor for the Civil Engineering Operations function. The BOS contractor utilizes a licensed pest management contractor for investigating complaints if unable to be resolved by the BOS contractor that are identified to the Civil Engineering Operations function. The pest management contractor is responsible for checking with Civil Engineering Customer Service or the BOS contractor for pest complaints or work orders that needed to be completed.

(b) Contracts.

(1) All pest management activities are contracted through the BOS contractor. The BOS contractor does not directly perform pest control services or apply pre-emergent/non-selective herbicides. The pest control requirements for this installation involve mostly inspection services and minimal chemical usage that are performed on an as-needed basis. All requirements for the base services contractor will apply to any subcontractors utilized for pest management services on Youngstown ARS. Subcontractor information, plans, and other documents are included in Annex G. The BOS contractor is responsible for the actions of their subcontractors.

(2) The Pest Management QAE for facility maintenance is responsible for government oversight of pesticide applications and should be trained in the EPA categories for which pest control work is performed on the installation, if it is determined that the total contract time spent on pest management is greater than 0.25 man-year per year. The goal of quality management of the pest control contract(s) recommends that QAEs receive some introductory training regarding pest management activities even if the total contract time spent on pest management is less than

0.25 man-year per year.

(c) Inter-Service Support Agreements.

The 910th AW provides pest control services to the Navy and Marine Corps Reserve

Center building through a host-tenant support agreement. The Base Exchange, Consolidated Open Mess, and Credit Union are serviced through a host-tenant support agreement.

(d) Agricultural Outleases.

No agricultural outleases exist at Youngstown ARS.

(e) Resources.

(1) Funding. The resources for the pest management operations at Youngstown ARS are part of the BOS contract. The contract funding comes from HQ AFRC under the Operations & Maintenance (O&M) program.

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(2) Staffing. The following personnel are involved with pest management at Youngstown

ARS:

A. The BOS contractor B. Pest Management QAE.

(3) Materials and Facilities. The government furnishes no materials, buildings, or equipment to the pest management contractor(s). The inventory of pesticides used at Youngstown ARS is available from the pest control contractor through the pest management coordinator. Formulations of Dursban (chlorpyrifos) and Ficam (bendiocarb) should no longer be used due to EPA’s canceling of these two insecticides. Alternative pesticides should be used. As necessary, an updated pesticide inventory from the contractor shall be included in the plan's annual update.

(4) Facilities (Mixing and Storage Sites). All pesticides used on the installation are stored and mixed off base at the contractor’s facilities.

(f) Reports and Records.

(1) The BOS contractor’s designated representative shall be responsible for collecting and reporting to the Pest Management QAE the pesticide data listed below. This data shall be obtained from pest control contractors, landscape or grounds contractors, as well as tenant organizations and their contractors. This data shall provide a historical record of pest management operations for each building, facility, or outdoor area, and a current inventory of stored pesticides on the installation.

• Name of applicator or contractor

• Date of application and duration

• Building, facility, or area treated

• Target pest to be controlled

• Pesticide applied, EPA number, and quantity

• Active ingredient in percent and pounds

• MSDS and product labels for each pesticide used

• Operation type of application

• Finished product quantity used

(2) After each pesticide application, the data listed above shall be entered into the IPMIS pesticide database, which is a computer software program for tracking pesticides on installations (or alternative tacking method). The Pest Management Coordinator shall ensure that the latest versions or upgrades of IPMIS software are downloaded from the AFPMB website (www.afpmb.org) when available, and installed on the base or contractor computer. This website also includes an instruction manual for using the IPMIS. All data and reports shall be retained indefinitely.

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(3) The Pest Management Coordinator or the BOS contractor shall generate a quarterly IPMIS report that includes all pesticide inventory and application data for all pest control operations on Air Force real property. This IPMIS report shall be reviewed by the Pest Management Coordinator and then forwarded via e-mail to HQ AFRC, and to the installation BEE and CEF on a quarterly basis. Reports are due to HQ by the 15th of the month following the end of each calendar quarter.

(4) The Pest Management Coordinator shall submit an annual MoM report to HQ AFRC by 1 December of each year. This report documents achievement of the Air Force MoM in the preceding fiscal year that ended on 30 September. This includes status of Pest Management Plan reviews, status of reductions in the applied quantities of pesticide active ingredients, and status of certification training of installation pesticide applicators (if any).

(g) Training.

(1) All DoD or contractor personnel who apply restricted-use pesticides on the installation shall be trained and certified in accordance with DoD or State requirements. DoD personnel only (not contractor employees) who are in apprenticeship training, for a period not to exceed 2 years, but are not yet certified, are allowed to apply pesticides, but only under the direct (line of sight) supervision of a certified pesticide applicator.

(2) If needed, the Pest Management Coordinator shall schedule certification or refresher training that is available from DoD approved schools. Current training opportunities are listed at the www.afpmb.org website. Pesticide applicator certifications will expire after 3 years. Re-certification documentation shall be requested from HQ AFRC upon completion of training.

(3) The Pest Management QAE shall be DoD or State certified as a pesticide applicator only if total pesticide applications under the BOS contracts are greater than 0.25 man-years.

Youngstown ARS does not exceed this threshold, so QAE certification training is not required.

(4) Even if not required by their job, DoD sponsored Pest Management training (3 or 4 day course) is highly recommended by the Air Force, to enhance the job effectiveness of the Pest Management Coordinator or the Pest Management QAE. However, official DoD certification would not be required in this case.

(5) Commercial pesticide applicators working under contract must be licensed by the State of Ohio for the type of pest control applications they perform. Annex O contains the State licenses for the pest control applicators subcontracted by the BOS contractor in effect at the time this Plan was prepared. A copy of the current license for each contractor shall be obtained by the QAE and maintained with this Pest Management Plan.

(6) Formal education and awareness activities are not scheduled to be conducted. Efforts to educate base personnel on the factors that contribute to attraction of pests, will consist of informal communication of suggested improvements related to specific cases of pest infestations.

Any awareness efforts conducted will be case-specific education targeted at facilities that annually have the greatest frequency of pest problems.

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(h) Coordination with Food Managers, Maintenance Personnel, etc.

Youngstown ARS maintains two food service facilities: the Club and the Dining Hall.

The BOS contractor, through the services of a licensed pest management contractor, coordinate with these food service facilities to provide monitoring and service calls to control pests. The BOS contractor maintains a record of all services performed.

(i) Termite Inspection Plan.

The lack of termite control problems eliminates the need for a Termite Inspection Plan at

Youngstown ARS. However, the pest management contractor remains vigilant for signs of termite activity while conducting other pest management activities throughout the installation.

Additionally, an annual inspection is performed to verify that termites are not active in any of the wooden structures on base.

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6. HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES

(a) Requirements.

The 910th Bioenvironmental /Military Public Health function (SGPB) ensures that pest management activities are directed in such a way as to minimize exposure to hazardous chemicals for all government employees at Youngstown ARS.

The pest management contractor is responsible for that contractor’s employee medical surveillance programs (initial physical, etc.) and hazardous communications (HAZCOM) programs.

(b) Methods to Reduce Potential Hazards to Pest Management Personnel.

(1) Medical Surveillance. In the event that government employees engage in pest management activities, health and safety considerations include medical surveillance programs, provision of protective clothing and equipment, work place monitoring programs, respiratory protection programs, and HAZCOM programs. Health and safety considerations for the contracted work force are the responsibility of the employer. Public health is responsible for handling any health and safety issues concerning 910th AW employees. This includes occupants of facilities treated by a pest management contractor.

(2) Installation Personnel Hazard Communication. Installation pest management personnel are given HAZCOM training, including training regarding hazardous materials in the workplace. Following initial HAZCOM classes, additional training is given to new employees or to all employees when new hazardous materials are introduced into the workplace. MSDS’s for all pesticides are maintained by the pest management contractor.

(3) Personal Protective Equipment. Personal Protective Equipment is not issued to the QAE and Air Force personnel because they do not conduct activities requiring respiratory protection.

(c) Methods to Reduce Potential Hazards to Installation Personnel.

(1) Fire Protection. All pesticides are stored off base at the contractor’s facilities. No storage or mixing of pesticides occurs on base. If pesticides are stored on base in the future, pesticide inventories will be sent to the fire department quarterly and updated when changed. If such storage were to occur, the Fire Chief would determine, based on his prefire plan, which fire control efforts would be employed, depending on the size and type of fire at the time a fire call was reported. The BOS contractor shall notify the Fire Department whenever any pesticide activity/applications will occur on the installation. This shall include a daily notification prior to the start of pesticide application.

The pest management contractor is responsible for the proper clean-up of all spills. Examples of pesticide spill cleanup procedures, notification procedures, and spill kit contents are provided in Annex L of this plan. A spill cleanup kit is kept in contractor pest control vehicles. Additional

17 May 2008 information on the correct handling of pesticide spills can be found in AFPMB TIM #15 (Pesticide Spill Prevention and Management) and Annex L. All pesticide spills are reported to the Pest Management Coordinator and the Base Hazardous Waste Manager.

(d) Methods to Reduce Potential Hazards to the Public.

(1) Application. Precautions are taken during pesticide application to protect the public, on and off the installation. Pesticides are not applied outdoors when the wind speed exceeds 10 miles per hour. Whenever pesticides are applied outdoors, care is taken to ensure that any spray drift is kept away from individuals, including the applicator. Pesticide application indoors is accomplished by individuals wearing the proper personal protective clothing and equipment. At no time are personnel permitted in a treatment area during pesticide application, unless they have met medical monitoring standards and are appropriately protected.

(2) Prohibited Activities.

A. At no time will a pesticide be used in any manner that is inconsistent with its label.

B. No pesticide will be used if its registration has been suspended or canceled by EPA or the State of Ohio.

C. All pesticides used, stored or sold on the installation must be registered by EPA, or the State of Ohio Department of Agriculture, unless EPA has ruled the pesticide exempt from registration requirements. Contractors must notify Civil Engineering Environmental Management (CEV) prior to using any new chemicals.

D. Pesticides will only be used in accordance with product label instructions.

E. Use of locally purchased, nonstandard pesticides on Youngstown ARS is not allowed without approval from the AFRC Pest Management Consultant.

(e) Pest Control Vehicles.

The pest control contractor provides his own equipment and vehicles and uses no government-supplied equipment (see Annex J). Care must be taken to secure pesticides on the contractor vehicles to prevent damage to the containers and spillage of the chemicals. At no time are pesticides to be left unsecured in the vehicles when unattended. Pesticides or contaminated equipment are not placed in the cabs of the vehicles. A spill kit is to be carried in each pest control vehicle when in use.

(f) Disposal.

Disposal of all excess pesticides, pesticide-contaminated clothing, pesticide containers, and pesticide residues is the responsibility of the base services contractor or subcontractor. No

18 May 2008 disposal will occur on Air Force property, or on property serviced under a support agreement.

Any excess pesticide disposal will comply with all Federal, State, and local regulations.

7. PUBLIC LAWS AND REGULATIONS

The following State and Federal laws, regulations, and instructions are pertinent to pest management:

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) requires EPA registration for all pesticides sold in the United States and was revised and strengthened substantially in August 1996.

DODI 4150.7: DoD Pest Management Program. 22 April 1996. On-line address:

http://web7.whs.osd.mil/pdf/i41507p.pdf

AFI 32-1053: Pest Management Program. 1 April 1999. On-line address:

http://afpubs.hq.af.mil/pubfiles/af/32/afi32-1053/afi32-1053.pdf

The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended in 1988.

Executive Order (EO) 12088,…