FP96.pdf

Federal Lands Highways

"Commitment to Excellence" i

Standard Specifications For Construction of

Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects

English Units

U.S. DEPARTMENT

OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Highway Administration iii

PREFACE

These Standard Specifications for the Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects are issued primarily for construct-ing roads and bridges on Federal Highway projects under the direct administration of the Federal Highway Administration. These specifi-cations are cited as "FP-96 English Units" indicating Standard Specifications issued in 1996 and converted to United States standard measure units in 2001.

When designated in a contract, the FP-96 becomes part of the contract and binding upon all parties to the contract. All construction contracts of the Federal Highway Administration are also governed by the following regulations.

` Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), Title 48, Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 1.

` Transportation Acquisition Regulation (TAR), Title 48, Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 12.

The FAR and TAR regulations are not included in the FP-96. How-ever, some FAR and TAR clauses are supplemented in the FP-96. A complete copy of the FAR is available from the Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

United States standard measure units are used in the FP-96 English Units as authorized by the Waiver Request of DOT Metric Policy approved on May 5, 1999.

iv

SISISISI (1)(1)(1)(1) (METRIC) TO ENGLISH CONVERSION FACTORS (METRIC) TO ENGLISH CONVERSION FACTORS (METRIC) TO ENGLISH CONVERSION FACTORS (METRIC) TO ENGLISH CONVERSION FACTORS (approximate)

SymbolSymbolSymbolSymbol When YouWhen YouWhen YouWhen You

KnowKnowKnowKnow MultiplyMultiplyMultiplyMultiply

ByByByBy ToToToTo

FindFindFindFind SymbolSymbolSymbolSymbol

LENGTHLENGTHLENGTHLENGTH

cm micrometers 3.9 x 10-5 inches in mm millimeters 0.039 inches in m meters 3.28 feet ft m meters 1.09 yards yd km kilometers 0.621 miles mi

AREAAREAAREAAREA

mm2 square millimeters 0.0016 square inches in2 m2 square meters 10.764 square feet ft2 m2 square meters 1.195 square yards yd2 ha hectares 2.47 acres ac km2 square kilometers 0.386 square miles mi2

VOLUMEVOLUMEVOLUMEVOLUME

mL milliliters 0.034 fluid ounces fl oz L liters 0.264 gallons gal m3 cubic meters 35.71 cubic feet ft3 m3 cubic meters 1.307 cubic yards yd3

MASSMASSMASSMASS

g grams 0.035 ounces oz kg kilograms 2.202 pounds lb Mg megagrams 1.103 short tons T (or "t") (or "metric ton") (2000 lb)

TEMPERATURE (exact)TEMPERATURE (exact)TEMPERATURE (exact)TEMPERATURE (exact) bC Celcius 1.8C + 32 Fahrenheit bF temperature temperature

ILLUMINATIONILLUMINATIONILLUMINATIONILLUMINATION

lx lux 0.0929 foot-candles fc cd/m2 caldela/m2 0.2919 foot-Lamberts fl

FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESSFORCE and PRESSURE or STRESSFORCE and PRESSURE or STRESSFORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS

J joule 0.7376 foot·poundforce ft·lbf N newtons 0.225 poundforce lbf kPa kilopascals 0.145 poundforce lbf/in2 per square inch

(1) SI is the symbol for the International System of Units.

Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with Section 4 of ASTM E 380.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

DIVISION 100 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 101 TERMS, FORMAT, AND DEFINITIONS

101.01 Meaning of Terms

101.02 Specifications Format

101.03 Abbreviations

101.04 Definitions

Section 102 BID, AWARD, AND

EXECUTION OF CONTRACT

102.01 Acquisition Regulations

102.02 Preparation of Bids

102.03 Bid Guarantee

102.04 Individual Surety

102.05 Public Opening of Bids

102.06 Performance and Payment Bonds

Section 103 SCOPE OF WORK

103.01 Intent of Contract

103.02 Disputes

103.03 Value Engineering

103.04 Contractor Records

103.05 Partnering

Section 104 CONTROL OF WORK

104.01 Authority of the Contracting Officer

104.02 Authority of Government Inspectors

104.03 Specifications and Drawings

104.04 Coordination of Contract Documents

104.05 Load Restrictions

Section 105 CONTROL OF MATERIAL

105.01 Source of Supply and Quality Requirements

105.02 Local Material Sources

105.03 Material Source Management

105.04 Storing and Handling Material

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work

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Page

Section 106 ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements

106.02 Visual Inspection

106.03 Certification

106.04 Measured or Tested Conformance

106.05 Statistical Evaluation of Work and

Determination of Pay Factor (Value of Work)

106.06 Inspection at the Plant

106.07 Partial and Final Acceptance

Section 107 LEGAL RELATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITY

TO THE PUBLIC

107.01 Laws to be Observed

107.02 Protection and Restoration of Property

and Landscape

107.03 Bulletin Board

107.04 Railroad Protection

107.05 Responsibility for Damage Claims

107.06 Contractor's Responsibility for Work

107.07 Furnishing Right-of-Way

107.08 Sanitation, Health, and Safety

107.09 Legal Relationship of the Parties

107.10 Environmental Protection

107.11 Protection of Forests, Parks, and Public Lands

Section 108 PROSECUTION AND PROGRESS

108.01 Commencement, Prosecution, and

Completion of Work

108.02 Subcontracting

108.03 Determination and Extension of Contract Time

108.04 Failure to Complete Work on Time

108.05 Stop Order

Section 109 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

109.01 Measurement Methods

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions

109.03 Weighing Procedures and Devices

109.04 Receiving Procedures

109.05 Scope of Payment

109.06 Pricing of Adjustments

109.07 Eliminated Work

109.08 Progress Payments

109.09 Final Payment

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DIVISION 150 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

Section 151 Mobilization 152 Construction Survey and Staking 153 Contractor Quality Control 154 Contractor Sampling and Testing 155 Schedules for Construction Contracts 156 Public Traffic 157 Soil Erosion Control 158 Watering for Dust Control

DIVISION 200 EARTHWORK

Section 201 Clearing and Grubbing 202 Additional Clearing and Grubbing 203 Removal of Structures and Obstructions 204 Excavation and Embankment 205 Rock Blasting 206 Reserved 207 Earthwork Geotextiles 208 Structure Excavation and Backfill for

Selected Major Structures 209 Structure Excavation and Backfill 210 Permeable Backfill 211 Roadway Obliteration 212 Linear Grading 213 Subgrade Stabilization

DIVISION 250 STRUCTURAL EMBANKMENTS

Section 251 Riprap 252 Special Rock Embankment and Rock Buttress 253 Gabions and Revet Mattresses 254 Crib Walls 255 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls 256 Permanent Ground Anchors 257 Alternate Retaining Walls 258 Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls viii

DIVISION 300 AGGREGATE COURSES

Section 301 Untreated Aggregate Courses 302 Treated Aggregate Courses 303 Road Reconditioning 304 Aggregate Stabilization 305 Aggregate-Topsoil Course 306 Dust Palliative 307 Stockpiled Aggregates 308 Minor Crushed Aggregate 309 Emulsified Asphalt Treated Base Course

DIVISION 400 ASPHALT PAVEMENTS AND

SURFACE TREATMENTS

Section 401 Hot Asphalt Concrete Pavement 402 Minor Hot Asphalt Concrete 403 Hot Recycled Asphalt Concrete Pavement 404 Open-Graded Asphalt Friction Course 405 Hot Asphalt Treated Base Course 406 Dense-Graded Emulsified Asphalt Pavement 407 Open-Graded Emulsified Asphalt Pavement 408 Cold Recycled Asphalt Base Course 409 Asphalt Surface Treatment 410 Slurry Seal 411 Asphalt Prime Coat 412 Asphalt Tack Coat 413 Asphalt Pavement Milling 414 Asphalt Pavement Crack and Joint Sealing 415 Paving Geotextiles 416 Continuous Cold Recycled Asphalt Base Course 417 Minor Cold Asphalt Mix

DIVISION 500 PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE

PAVEMENT

Section 501 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement 502 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Restoration ix

DIVISION 550 BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

Section 551 Driven Piles 552 Structural Concrete 553 Prestressed Concrete 554 Reinforcing Steel 555 Steel Structures 556 Bridge Railing 557 Timber Structures 558 Dampproofing 559 Waterproofing 560 Water Stops 561 Structural Concrete Bonding 562 Forms and Falsework 563 Painting 564 Bearing Devices 565 Drilled Shafts

DIVISION 600 INCIDENTAL CONSTRUCTION

Section 601 Minor Concrete Structures 602 Culverts and Drains 603 Structural Plate Structures 604 Manholes, Inlets, and Catch Basins 605 Underdrains, Sheet Drains, and

Pavement Edge Drains 606 Corrugated Metal Spillways 607 Cleaning, Reconditioning, and Repairing

Existing Drainage Structures 608 Paved Waterways 609 Curb and Gutter 610 Horizontal Drains 611 Water Systems 612 Sanitary Sewer Systems 613 Simulated Stone Masonry Surface 614 Lean Concrete Backfill 615 Sidewalks, Drive Pads, and Paved Medians 616 Slope Paving 617 Guardrail 618 Concrete Barriers and Precast Guardwalls 619 Fences, Gates, and Cattle Guards 620 Stone Masonry 621 Monuments and Markers x

Section 622 Rental Equipment 623 General Labor 624 Topsoil 625 Turf Establishment 626 Plants, Trees, Shrubs, Vines, and

Groundcovers

627 Sod 620 628 Sprigging 629 Erosion Control Mats, Roving, and Cellular Confinement Systems 630 Reserved 631 Reserved 632 Reserved 633 Permanent Traffic Control 634 Permanent Pavement Markings 635 Temporary Traffic Control 636 Signal, Lighting, and Electrical Systems 637 Facilities and Services

DIVISION 700 MATERIAL

Section 701 HYDRAULIC CEMENT

701.01 Portland Cement and Masonry Cement

Section 702 ASPHALT MATERIAL

702.01 Asphalt Cement

702.02 Cut-Back Asphalt

702.03 Emulsified Asphalt

702.04 Application Temperatures

702.05 Material for Dampproofing and Waterproofing

Concrete and Masonry Surfaces

702.06 Recycling Agent

702.07 Asphalt Mastic

702.08 Antistrip Additive

702.09 Evaluation Procedures for Asphalt

702.10 Cold Asphalt Mix

Section 703 AGGREGATE

703.01 Fine Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete

703.02 Coarse Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete

703.03 Granular Backfill

703.04 Permeable Backfill

703.05 Subbase, Base, and Surface Course Aggregate

xi

Section 703 (continued)

703.06 Crushed Aggregate

703.07 Hot Asphalt Concrete Pavement Aggregate

703.08 Open-Graded Asphalt Friction

Course Aggregate

703.09 Emulsified Asphalt Pavement Aggregate

703.10 Asphalt Surface Treatment Aggregate

703.11 Slurry Seal Aggregate

703.12 Choker Aggregate

703.13 Blotter

703.14 Aggregate for Aggregate-Topsoil Course

703.15 Sand

703.16 Aggregate for Lean Concrete Backfill

703.17 Superpave Asphalt Concrete Pavement Aggregate . . . 679

Section 704 SOIL

704.01 Foundation Fill

704.02 Bedding Material

704.03 Backfill Material

704.04 Structural Backfill

704.05 Topping

704.06 Unclassified Borrow

704.07 Select Borrow

704.08 Select Topping

704.09 Bed Course

704.10 Select Granular Backfill

704.11 Special Grout Backfill

704.12 Crib Wall Backfill

Section 705 ROCK

705.01 Gabion and Revet Mattress Rock

705.02 Riprap Rock

705.03 Rock for Masonry Structures

705.04 Rock for Special Rock Embankment

705.05 Rock for Buttresses

705.06 Stone Curbing

Section 706 CONCRETE AND PLASTIC PIPE

706.01 Non-Reinforced Concrete Pipe

706.02 Reinforced Concrete Pipe

706.03 Perforated Concrete Pipe

706.04 Reinforced Arch-Shaped Concrete Pipe

xii

Section 706 (continued)

706.05 Reinforced Elliptically-Shaped Concrete Pipe

706.06 Reinforced D-Load Concrete Pipe

706.07 Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections

706.08 Plastic Pipe

Section 707 METAL PIPE

707.01 Ductile Iron Culvert Pipe

707.02 Metallic-Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe

707.03 Aluminum-Alloy Corrugated Pipe

707.04 Asphalt-Coated Pipe

707.05 Steel Structural Plate Structures

707.06 Aluminum-Alloy Structural Plate Structures

707.07 Asphalt-Coated Structural Plate Structures

707.08 Polymer-Coated Steel Pipe

707.09 Fiber-Bonded Asphalt Coated Steel Pipe

707.10 Slotted Drain Pipe

707.11 Metallic-Coated Spiral Rib Pipe

707.12 Aluminum-Alloy Spiral Rib Pipe

707.13 Concrete-Lined Corrugated Steel Pipe

707.14 Invert-Paved Corrugated Steel Pipe

Section 708 PAINT

708.01 General

708.02 Paint for Timber Structures

708.03 Paint for Concrete and Masonry Block Structures

708.04 Paint for Steel Structures

708.05 Penetrating Stain

Section 709 REINFORCING STEEL AND WIRE ROPE

709.01 Reinforcing Steel

709.02 Wire Rope or Wire Cable

709.03 Prestressing Steel

Section 710 FENCE AND GUARDRAIL

710.01 Barbed Wire

710.02 Woven Wire

710.03 Chain Link Fence

710.04 Fence Posts

710.05 Fence Gates

710.06 Metal Beam Rail

710.07 Box Beam Rail

xiii

Section 710 (continued)

710.08 Steel-Backed Timber Rail

710.09 Guardrail Posts

710.10 Guardrail Hardware

710.11 Temporary Plastic Fence

710.12 Crash Cushion Barrels

Section 711 CONCRETE CURING MATERIAL

AND ADMIXTURES

711.01 Curing Material

711.02 Air-Entraining Admixtures

711.03 Chemical Admixtures

711.04 Latex Modifier

Section 712 JOINT MATERIAL

712.01 Sealants, Fillers, Seals, and Sleeves

712.02 Joint Mortar

712.03 Watertight Gaskets

712.04 Reserved

712.05 Mortar for Masonry Beds and Joints

712.06 Copper Water Stops or Flashings

712.07 Rubber Water Stops

712.08 Plastic Water Stops

Section 713 ROADSIDE IMPROVEMENT MATERIAL

713.01 Topsoil

713.02 Agricultural Limestone

713.03 Fertilizer

713.04 Seed

713.05 Mulch

713.06 Plant Material

713.07 Erosion Control Mats, Roving, and Geocell

713.08 Miscellaneous Planting Material

713.09 Sprigs

713.10 Sod

713.11 Pegs for Sod

713.12 Stabilizing Emulsion Tackifiers

713.13 Bales

713.14 Sandbags

713.15 Erosion Control Culvert Pipe

713.16 Silt Fence

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Section 714 GEOTEXTILE AND GEOCOMPOSITE

DRAIN MATERIAL

714.01 Geotextile

714.02 Geocomposite Drains

Section 715 PILING

715.01 Untreated Timber Piles

715.02 Treated Timber Piles

715.03 Concrete Piles

715.04 Steel Shells

715.05 Steel Pipes

715.06 Steel H-Piles

715.07 Sheet Piles

715.08 Pile Shoes

715.09 Splices

Section 716 MATERIAL FOR TIMBER STRUCTURES

716.01 Untreated Structural Timber and Lumber

716.02 Hardware

716.03 Treated Structural Timber and Lumber

Section 717 STRUCTURAL METAL

717.01 Structural Steel

717.02 Steel Forgings

717.03 Pins and Rollers

717.04 Castings

717.05 Welded Stud Shear Connectors

717.06 Steel Pipe

717.07 Galvanized Coatings

717.08 Sheet Lead

717.09 Steel Grid Floors

717.10 Elastomeric Bearing Pads

717.11 Tetrafluoroethylene Surfaces for Bearings

717.12 Structural Aluminum Alloy

717.13 Aluminum Alloy for Bridge Rail

717.14 Aluminum Bolt Heads and Nuts

717.15 Aluminum Welding Wire

717.16 Elastomeric Compression Joint Seals

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Section 718 TRAFFIC SIGNING AND MARKING MATERIAL . 750

718.01 Retroreflective Sheeting

718.02 Test Procedures

718.03 Plywood Panels

718.04 Steel Panels

718.05 Aluminum Panels

718.06 Plastic Panels

718.07 Extruded Aluminum Panels

718.08 Signposts

718.09 Object Marker and Delineator Posts

718.10 Hardware

718.11 Letters, Numerals, Arrows, Symbols, and Borders . . . 754

718.12 Delineator and Object Marker Retroreflectors

718.13 Conventional Traffic Paint

718.14 Waterborne Traffic Paint

718.15 Epoxy Markings

718.16 Polyester Markings

718.17 Thermoplastic Markings

718.18 Preformed Plastic Markings

718.19 Glass Beads

718.20 Raised Pavement Markers

718.21 Temporary Pavement Markings

718.22 Temporary Traffic Control Devices

718.23 Epoxy Resin Adhesives

Section 719 Reserved

Section 720 STRUCTURAL WALL AND STABILIZED

EMBANKMENT MATERIAL

720.01 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall Material

720.02 Gabion and Revet Mattress Material

720.03 Metal Bin Type Crib Walls

Section 721 ELECTRICAL AND ILLUMINATION MATERIAL 769

721.01 Electrical Material

721.02 Lighting Material

Section 722 ANCHOR MATERIAL

722.01 Anchorage Devices

722.02 Ground Anchors

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Section 723 Reserved

Section 724 Reserved

Section 725 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL

725.01 Water 778

725.02 Calcium Chloride and Magnesium Chloride

725.03 Lime

725.04 Pozzolans

725.05 Mineral Filler

725.06 Precast Concrete Curbing

725.07 Clay or Shale Brick

725.08 Concrete Brick

725.09 Concrete Masonry Blocks

725.10 Cellular Concrete Blocks

725.11 Precast Concrete Units

725.12 Frames, Grates, Covers, and Ladder Rungs

725.13 Corrugated Metal Units

725.14 Protective Coatings for Concrete

725.15 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe for

Water Distribution Systems

725.16 Polyethylene (PE) Pipe for

Water Distribution Systems

725.17 Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings

725.18 Seamless Copper Water Tube and Fittings

725.19 Plastic Lining

725.20 Lignin Sulfonate

725.21 Epoxy Resin Adhesives

725.22 Grout

725.23 Reserved

725.24 Color Coating

725.25 Explosives and Blasting Accessories

725.26 Mineral Slurry (Drillers Mud)

725.27 Form Liner

725.28 Aluminum-Impregnated Caulking Compound

INDEX

DIVISION 100

General Requirements

Section 101. )))) TERMS, FORMAT, AND DEFINITIONS

101.01 Meaning of Terms. These specifications are generally written in the imperative mood. In sentences using the imperative mood, the subject, "the Contractor", is implied. Also implied in this language is "shall", "shall be", or similar words and phrases. In material specifications, the subject may also be the supplier, fabricator, or manufacturer supplying material, products, or equipment for use on the project.

Wherever "directed", "required", "prescribed", or other similar words are used, the "direction", "requirement", or "order" of the Contracting Officer is intended. Similarly, wherever "approved", "acceptable", "suitable", "satisfac-tory", or similar words are used, the words mean "approved by", "acceptable to", or "satisfactory to" the Contracting Officer.

The word "will" generally pertains to decisions or actions of the Contracting Officer.

101.02 Specifications Format. These specifications are divided into 10 Divisions.

Division 100 consists of general contract requirements for which no direct payment is made. The requirements contained in Division 100 are applicable to all contracts.

Division 150 consists of project contract requirements that are applicable to all contracts. Work under Division 150 is paid for directly when there is a pay item in the bid schedule. When there is no pay item in the bid schedule, no direct payment is made.

Divisions 200 through 600 consist of construction contract requirements for specific items of work. Work under these Divisions is paid for directly or indirectly according to Subsection 109.05 and the Section ordering the work.

Division 700 contains the material requirements for Divisions 150 through

600. No direct payment is made in Division 700. Payment for material is included as part of the work required in Divisions 150 through 600.

The first three digits of the pay item number identify the Section under which the work is performed.

Section 101

101.03 Abbreviations. Whenever these abbreviations are used in the specifi-cations, they represent the following:

(a) Acronyms.

AA ) Aluminum Association AAN ) American Association of Nurserymen AAR ) Association of American Railroads AASHTO ) American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials ACI ) American Concrete Institute ACPA ) American Concrete Pavement Association ADA ) Americans with Disabilities Act AGC ) Associated General Contractors of America AI ) Asphalt Institute AIA ) American Institute of Architects AISC ) American Institute of Steel Construction AISI ) American Iron and Steel Institute ANSI ) American National Standards Institute APWA ) American Public Works Association ARA ) American Railway Association AREA ) American Railway Engineering Association ARTBA ) American Road and Transportation Builders

Association ASCE ) American Society of Civil Engineers ASLA ) American Society of Landscape Architects ASTM ) American Society for Testing and Materials ATSSA ) American Traffic Safety Services Association AWPA ) American Wood Preservers Association AWS ) American Welding Society AWWA ) American Water Works Association CFR ) Code of Federal Regulations CO ) Contracting Officer and all representatives CRSI ) Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute FAR ) Federal Acquisition Regulations (48 CFR Chapter 1) FHWA ) Federal Highway Administration FLH ) Federal Lands Highways FSS ) Federal Specifications and Standards FTMS ) Federal Test Method Standard GSA ) General Services Administration

ISSA ) International Slurry Surfacing Association ITE ) Institute of Transportation Engineers MIL ) Military Specifications MUTCD ) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

(for Streets and Highways) NEMA ) National Electrical Manufacturer's Association NFPA ) National Forest Products Association NIST ) National Institute of Standards and Technology OSHA ) Occupational Safety and Health Administration PCA ) Portland Cement Association PCI ) Prestressed Concrete Institute PTI ) Post-Tensioning Institute SAE ) Society of Automotive Engineers SF ) Standard Form SI ) International System of Units SSPC ) Steel Structures Painting Council TAR ) Transportation Acquisition Regulations

(48 CFR Chapter 12) UL ) Underwriter's Laboratory U.S. ) United States of America USC ) United States Code USGS ) United States Geologic Survey USPS ) United States Postal Service

(b) SI symbols.

A ) ampere electric current cd ) candela luminous intensity bbbbC ) degree Celsius temperature d ) day time g ) gram mass h ) hour time H ) Henry inductance ha ) hectare area Hz ) hertz (s-1) frequency J ) joule (N]m) energy K ) kelvin temperature L ) liter volume lx ) lux illuminance m ) meter length m2

) square meter area m3

) cubic meter volume min ) minute time N ) newton (kg]m/s2) force Pa ) pascal (N/m2) pressure s ) second time t ) metric ton mass V ) volt (W/A) electric potential W ) watt (J/s) power Ω ) ohm V/A electric resistance bbbb ) degree plane angle kkkk ) minute plane angle llll ) second plane angle

(c) SI prefix symbols.

E ) exa 1018

P ) peta 1015

T ) tera 1012

G ) giga 109

M ) mega 106 k ) kilo 103 c ) centi 10-2 m ) milli 10-3 µ ) micro 10-6 n ) nano 10-9 p ) pico 10-12 f ) femto 10-15 a ) atto 10-18

(d) English slope notation (horizontal : vertical). Express the slope as the ratio of a number of units horizontal to one unit vertical.

101.04 Definitions. FAR Clause 52.202-1, Definitions, is supplemented as follows:

Award ) The written acceptance of a bid by the CO.

Backfill ) Material used to replace or the act of replacing material re-moved during construction. Material placed or the act of placing material adjacent to structures.

Base ) The layer or layers of material placed on a subbase or subgrade to support a surface course.

Bid ) A written offer by a bidder to perform work at a quoted price.

Bid Bond ) The security executed by the bidder and surety or sureties fur-nished to the Government to guarantee execution of the contract.

Bidder ) Any individual or legal entity submitting a bid.

Bid Forms ) The Government forms required for preparing and submitting a bid.

Bid Guarantee ) A form of security assuring that the bidder will not withdraw a bid within the period specified for acceptance and will execute a written contract and furnish required bonds.

Bid Schedule ) The prepared schedule included with the bid forms, containing the estimated quantities of pay items for which unit bid prices are invited.

Bridge ) A structure more than 20 feet long, including supports, spanning and providing passage over a depression, waterway, railroad, highway, or other obstruction.

Commercial Certification ) See Subsection 106.03.

Construction Limits ) The limits on each side of the project which establish the area disturbed by construction operations and beyond which no disturbance is permitted. Typically the construction limits are the same as the clearing limits, except when additional clearing is required under Section 202.

Contract ) The written agreement between the Government and the Contrac-tor setting forth the obligations of the parties for the performance of and pay-ment for the prescribed work.

Contracting Officer (CO) ) An official of the Government with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determi-nations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO.

Contract Modification ) Any written change in the terms of the contract.

Contract modifications are of the following forms:

(a) Administrative change. A unilateral contract change, in writing, that does not affect the substantive rights of the parties (e.g., a change in the paying office or the appropriation data).

(b) Change order. A written order, signed by the CO, directing the Con-tractor to make a change that FAR Clause 52.243-4 - Changes authorizes the CO to order without the Contractor's consent.

(c) Supplemental agreement. A contract modification that is accomplished by the mutual action of the parties.

Contractor ) The individual or legal entity contracting with the Government for performance of prescribed work.

Contract Time ) The specified time allowed for completion of all contract work.

Cross-Section ) A vertical section of the ground or structure at right angles to the centerline or baseline of the roadway or other work.

Culvert ) Any structure, not classified as a bridge, that provides an opening under the roadway.

Day ) Each and every day shown on the calendar, beginning and ending at midnight.

Density ) Mass per unit volume of material. Specific gravity multiplied by the unit mass of water.

Drawings ) Design sheets or fabrication, erection, or construction details submitted to the Government by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21, Specifications and Drawings for Construction.

Falsework ) Any temporary construction work used to support the permanent structure until it becomes self-supporting. Falsework includes steel or timber beams, girders, columns, piles, foundations, and any proprietary equipment including modular shoring frames, post shores, and adjustable horizontal shoring.

Forms ) Temporary structures or molds used to retain plastic or fluid concrete in its designated shape until it hardens. Forms shall have enough strength to resist the fluid pressure exerted by plastic concrete and all additional fluid pressure effects generated by vibration.

Government ) The Government of the United States of America.

Highway, Street, or Road ) A general term denoting a public way for pur-poses of vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right-of-way.

Layer ) See "lift."

Lift ) When placing and compacting soils and aggregates, a lift is any single, continuous layer of material which receives, during a single work operation, the same compactive effort throughout. When installing culvert pipe less than or equal to 48 inches in diameter, the backfill material placed on both sides of the pipe is considered to be contained in the same lift when the material is placed to the same elevation on both sides of the culvert, the compactive effort applied to one side of the culvert is the same as that applied to the other, and the compactive effort is applied to both sides of the pipe in a continuous operation.

Material ) Any substances specified or necessary to satisfactorily complete the contract work.

Measurement ) The process of identifying the dimensions, quantity, or capacity of an item. See Section 109 for measurement methods, terms, and definitions.

Notice to Proceed ) Written notice to the Contractor to begin the contract work.

Pavement Structure ) The combination of subbase, base, and surface courses placed on a subgrade to support and distribute the traffic load to the roadbed.

Pay Item ) A specific item of work for which a unit and price is provided in the contract.

Payment Bond ) The security executed by the Contractor and surety or sure-ties furnished to the Government to assure payments as required by law to all persons supplying labor or material according to the contract.

Performance Bond ) The security executed by the Contractor and surety or sureties and furnished to the Government to guarantee completion of the con-tract work.

Plans ) The contract plans furnished by the Government showing the location, type, dimensions, and details of the work.

Production Certification ) See Subsection 106.03.

Profile Grade ) The trace of a vertical plane intersecting a particular surface of the proposed road construction located as shown on the plans, usually along the longitudinal centerline of the roadbed. Profile grade means either eleva-tion or gradient of the trace according to the context.

Project ) The specific section of the highway or other property on which construction is to be performed under the contract.

Right-of-Way ) Real property used for transportation purposes.

Roadbed ) The graded portion of a highway prepared as a foundation for the pavement structure and shoulders.

Roadside ) All area within the right-of-way excluding the traveled way and shoulders.

Roadway ) In general, the portion of a highway, including shoulders, for vehicular use. A divided highway has two or more roadways. In construction specifications, the portion of a highway within the construction limits.

Roadway Prism ) The volume defined by the area between the original terrain cross-section and the final design cross-section multiplied by the horizontal distance along the centerline of the roadway.

Roller Pass ) One trip of a roller in one direction over any one spot.

Shoring ) This term is used interchangeably with falsework.

Shoulder ) The portion of the roadway contiguous to the traveled way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use, and for lateral support of the pavement structure.

Sieve ) See AASHTO M 92.

Solicitation ) The complete assembly of related documents (whether attached or incorporated by reference) furnished to prospective bidders.

Special Contract Requirements ) Additions and revisions to the standard and supplemental specifications applicable to an individual project.

Specifications ) The written requirements for performing work.

Standard Forms ) Numbered forms issued by the General Services Adminis-tration for use as contract documents.

Standard Plans ) Detailed plans approved for repetitive use and included as part of the plans.

Standard Specifications ) The Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects approved for general appli-cation and repetitive use.

Station ) (1) A measure of distance used for highways and railroads. A sta-tion is equal to 100 feet. (2) A precise location along a survey line.

Structures ) Bridges, culverts, catch basins, drop inlets, retaining walls, crib-bing, manholes, endwalls, buildings, sewers, service pipes, underdrains, foun-dation drains, and other features that may be encountered in the work.

Subbase ) The layer or layers of material placed on a subgrade to support a base.

Subcontract ) The written agreement between the Contractor and an indi-vidual or legal entity prescribing the performance of a specific portion of the work.

Subcontractor ) An individual or legal entity with whom the Contractor sublets part of the work. This includes all subcontractors in any tier.

Subgrade ) The top surface of a roadbed upon which the pavement structure, shoulders, and curbs are constructed.

Substantial Completion ) The point at which the project is complete such that it can be safely and effectively used by the public without further delays, disruption, or other impediments. For conventional bridge and highway work, the point at which all bridge deck, parapet, pavement structure, shoulder, drainage, sidewalk, permanent signing and markings, traffic barrier, safety appurtenance, utility, and lighting work is complete.

Substructure ) All of the bridge below the bearings of simple and continuous spans, skewbacks of arches, and tops of footings of rigid frames including backwalls, wingwalls, and wing protection railings.

Suitable Material ) Rock or earth material that will provide stable founda-tions, embankments, or roadbeds, and is reasonably free of organic matter, roots, muck, sod, or other detrimental material.

Superintendent ) The Contractor's authorized representative in responsible charge of the work.

Superstructure ) The entire bridge except the substructure.

Supplemental Specifications ) Additions and revisions to the standard specifications.

Surety ) An individual or corporation legally liable for the debt, default, or failure of a Contractor to satisfy a contract obligation.

Surface Course ) The top layer or layers of a pavement structure designed to accommodate the traffic load and resist skidding, traffic abrasion, and weathering.

Target Value (TV) ) A number established as a center for operating a given process. Once established, adjustments should be made in the process as necessary to maintain a central tendency about the target value. Test results obtained from a well controlled process should cluster closely around the established target value and the mean of the test results should be equal to or nearly equal to the established target value.

Traveled Way ) The portion of the roadway designated for the movement of vehicles, exclusive of shoulders.

Unsuitable Material ) Material that is earth, gravel, or sand not adequate (i.e.

stability, drainage, etc.) to use in the construction of stable foundations, em-bankments, or roadbeds.

Work ) The furnishing of all labor, material, equipment, and other incidentals necessary to successfully complete the project according to the contract.

Section 102. )))) BID, AWARD, AND

EXECUTION OF CONTRACT

102.01 Acquisition Regulations. Bid, award, and execution of the contract are governed by the FAR and TAR.

102.02 Preparation of Bids. FAR Clause 52.214-18 - Preparation of Bids ) Construction is supplemented as follows.

Execute and submit all required standard forms, bid schedules, and solicitation provisions contained in the solicitation as part of the bid.

Complete SF 1442, Solicitation, Offer, and Award, and sign as follows:

(a) Individuals. Sign your individual signature. For individuals doing business as a firm, follow the individual signature with the individual's typed, stamped, or printed name and the words, "an individual doing busi-ness as (name of firm) ".

(b) Partnerships. Submit a list of all partners having authority to bind the partnership. One of the listed partners must sign on behalf of the partnership.

(c) Corporations. Sign in the corporate name, followed by the word "by" and the signature and title of the person authorized to sign. Submit evidence from the corporation that the person signing has authority to bind the corporation.

(d) Joint ventures. All participants in the joint venture shall sign in the manner prescribed in (a) through (c) above. Corporations shall also submit a certificate stating that the corporation is authorized to participate in the joint venture.

One party may sign on behalf of a joint venture if documentation is included and signed by all members of the joint venture, authorizing the party with authority to sign for the joint venture.

(e) Agents. When an agent signs, other than as stated in (a) through (d) above, furnish satisfactory evidence that the agent has authority to bind the bidder.

Section 102

Insert a unit bid price, in figures, for each pay item for which a quantity ap-pears in the bid schedule. Multiply the unit bid price by the quantity for each pay item and show the amount bid. Should any mathematical check made by the Government show a mistake in the amount bid, the corrected unit price extension shall govern.

When the words "lump sum" appear as a unit bid price, insert an amount bid for each lump sum pay item.

When the word "contingent sum" or a fixed rate appears as a unit bid price, include the Government inserted amount bid for the item in the total bid amount.

Total all of the amounts bid for each pay item and show the total bid amount.

The quantities shown in the bid schedule are approximate, unless designated as a contract quantity, and are used for the comparison of bids. Payment will be made for the actual quantities of work performed and accepted or material furnished according to the contract. The scheduled quantities may be increased, decreased, or deleted. Bid schedule quantities are considered the original contract quantities.

102.03 Bid Guarantee. FAR Clause 52.228-1 - Bid Guarantee is supple-mented as follows:

(a) General. Submit a bid guarantee of not less than 20 percent of the amount of the bid with any bid in excess of $25,000. Submit the bid guar-antee on SF 24, Bid Bond. If the bid guarantee is other than a corporate or individual surety, sign the SF 24 as the principal and make a statement on the form pledging the security. Make checks or money orders payable to the agency issuing the solicitation.

(b) Power of attorney. A corporate surety shall submit a current power of attorney for the signing agent or attorney-in-fact with each SF 24.

(c) Evidence of guarantee assistance. A surety that has a guarantee of assistance from the Small Business Administration shall submit a copy of its "Surety Bond Guarantee Agreement" with each SF 24. In addition, submit a power of attorney for the surety representative identified in the agreement.

102.04 Individual Surety. FAR Clause 52.228-11 - Pledges of Assets is supplemented as follows.

Complete and date the SF 28, Affidavit of Individual Surety, after the solicita-tion date. The individual surety shall personally sign the SF 28. Execution by power of attorney is not acceptable. Bidders cannot serve as their own surety.

Assets named shall be committed to the project with a bank designated to serve as trustee.

After reviewing the SF 28, the surety may be requested to provide further documentation with respect to any of its assets, debts, or encumbrances. The information may be required to be furnished under oath. Failure of the surety to respond with the requested documentation within 7 days of receipt of the request is cause for rejection of the surety.

Any material misstatement by the surety, overstatement of assets (either as to ownership or value) or understatement of liabilities is cause for rejection of the surety. Substitution of individual sureties to support a bid bond after the bid opening will not be permitted.

102.05 Public Opening of Bids. Bids will be publicly opened at the time specified in the SF 1442. Their contents will be made public information. The Government reserves the right to reject bids as set forth in the FAR, Part 14.

102.06 Performance and Payment Bonds. Furnish a performance bond in the penal amount of 100 percent of the original contract price and a payment bond as follows:

(a) In the penal amount of 50 percent of the original contract price if the contract price is not more the $1 million.

(b) In the penal amount of 40 percent of the original contract price if the contract is more than $1 million but not more than $5 million.

(c) In the amount of $2.5 million if the contract price is more than $5 million.

Use SF 25, Performance Bond, and SF 25A, Payment Bond, for submitting the bonds.

The requirements contained in Subsections 102.03 and 102.04 relating to power of attorney, evidence of guarantee assistance, and individual sureties also apply to performance and payment bonds.

Section 103. )))) SCOPE OF WORK

103.01 Intent of Contract. The intent of the contract is to provide for the construction and completion of the work described. The precise details of performing the work are not stipulated except as considered essential for the successful completion of the work. Furnish all labor, material, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies necessary to complete the work according to the contract.

103.02 Disputes. FAR Clause 52.233-1 - Disputes is supplemented as follows.

When requesting a CO's decision on an interpretation of contract terms for the recovery of increased costs, quantify the amount and, if required by FAR Clause 52.233-1, certify the amount. Include an explanation of the interpreta-tion of contract terms, the contract clause under which the claim is made, all supporting documentation, and adequate cost data to support the amount claimed.

103.03 Value Engineering. FAR Clause 52.248-3 - Value Engineering ) Construction is supplemented as follows.

Value engineering proposals that delete work without a related enhancement to the project will not be considered.

103.04 Contractor Records. Upon request, provide records related to the contract to the Government for up to 3 years after final payment and for longer periods as provided by law.

Include a provision in all subcontracts at all tiers giving the Government the same rights as provided above with respect to the subcontractor's records.

103.05 Partnering. To facilitate this contract, the Government offers to participate in a formal partnership with the Contractor. This partnership draws on the strengths of each organization to identify and achieve reciprocal goals.

Partnering strives to resolve problems in a timely, professional, and non-a-dversarial manner. If problems result in disputes, partnering encourages, but does not require, alternative dispute resolution instead of the formal claim pro-cess. The objective is effective and efficient contract performance to achieve a quality project within budget and on schedule.

Section 103

Acceptance of this partnering offer by the Contractor is optional and the part-nership is bilateral.

If the partnering offer is accepted, mutually agree with the Government on the level of organizational involvement and the need for a professional to facilitate the partnering process. Engage the facilitator and other resources for key Contractor and Government representatives to attend a partnership develop-ment and team-building workshop usually between the time of award and the notice to proceed. Hold additional progress meetings upon mutual agreement.

The direct cost of partnering facilities, professional facilitation, copying fees, and other miscellaneous costs directly related to partnering meetings will be shared by the Contractor and Government. Secure and pay for facilities, professional fees, and miscellaneous requirements. Provide invoices to the Government. The Government will reimburse the Contractor for 50 percent of the agreed costs incurred for the partnering process. The Government's share will not exceed $20,000.

Each party is responsible for making and paying for its own travel, lodging, and meal arrangements. The time allowed for completion of the project is not affected by partnering.

Section 104. )))) CONTROL OF WORK

104.01 Authority of the Contracting Officer (CO). The CO will delegate authority to representatives to decide on acceptability of work, progress of work, suspension of work, interpretation of the contract, and acceptable fulfill-ment of the contract. The term "CO" includes all authorized representatives of the CO, including inspectors, acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO.

104.02 Authority of Government Inspectors. Inspectors are authorized to inspect all work including the preparation, fabrication, or manufacture of material for the project. The inspector is not authorized to alter or waive contract requirements, issue instruction contrary to the contract, act as foreman for the Contractor, or direct the Contractor's operations. The inspector has authority to reject work until the issue can be referred to and decided by the

CO.

104.03 Specifications and Drawings. FAR Clause 52.236-21 - Specifica-tions and Drawings for Construction is supplemented as follows:

(a) General. Prepare drawings as necessary to adequately construct the work. This includes, but is not limited to, traffic control drawings, false-work drawings, stress sheets, anchor bolt layouts, erection drawings, and equipment lists.

Limit drawings to a maximum size of 24 by 36 inches. Include on each drawing and calculation sheet, the project number, name, and other iden-tification as shown in the contract.

Furnish 5 sets of drawings and supporting calculations for acceptance before performing work covered by the drawings. If drawings are returned for revision, correct and resubmit for acceptance. Allow 40 days per submis-sion for railroad structures and 30 days per submission for all other struc-tures. If drawings must be resubmitted, the time for acceptance starts over.

Obtain prior written approval for changes or deviations from the accepted drawings.

Section 104

(b) Specific requirements for concrete and miscellaneous structures.

Furnish drawings for cribs, cofferdams, falsework, erection, temporary support systems, formwork, detour structures, and other temporary work and methods of construction proposed. Furnish drawings bearing the seal and signature of a professional engineer proficient in the pertinent design field.

104.04 Coordination of Contract Documents. The FAR, TAR, special contract requirements, plans, supplemental specifications, and standard speci-fications are contract documents. A requirement in one document is binding as though occurring in all the contract documents. The contract documents are intended to be complementary and to describe and provide for a complete contract. In case of discrepancy, calculated and shown dimensions govern over scaled dimensions. The contract documents govern in the following order:

(a) Federal Acquisition Regulations

(b) Transportation Acquisition Regulations

(c) Special contract requirements

(d) Plans

(e) Supplemental specifications

(f) Standard specifications

104.05 Load Restrictions. FAR Clause 52.236-10 - Operations and Storage Areas, paragraph (c), is supplemented as follows.

Comply with all legal load restrictions when hauling material and equipment on public roads to and from the project. A special permit does not relieve the Contractor of liability for damage resulting from the moving of material or equipment.

Unless otherwise permitted, do not operate equipment or vehicles that exceed the legal load limits over new or existing structures within the project. Repair or replace in an acceptable manner all damages to project work resulting from the use of such equipment or vehicles at no cost to the Government.

On the portions of the project used to accommodate public travel, operate construction equipment and vehicles in a manner that does not conflict with traffic flow and minimizes delays to the traveling public.

Section 105. )))) CONTROL OF MATERIAL

105.01 Source of Supply and Quality Requirements. FAR Clause

52.236-5 - Material and Workmanship is supplemented as follows.

Select sources and provide acceptable material. Notify the CO of all proposed sources before delivery to the project to expedite material inspection and testing. Do not incorporate material requiring submittal into the work until approved.

Material may be approved at the source of supply before delivery to the pro-ject. Approval does not constitute acceptance. If an approved source does not continue to supply acceptable material during the life of the project, further use of that source may be denied.

105.02 Local Material Sources. Sources of rock, sand, gravel, earth, or other natural material located by the Government in the vicinity of the project may be identified in the contract. These identified sources may be listed as provided for the project or only listed as information to aid the Contractor in locating a source. The decision to use an identified source is solely that of the Contractor.

(a) Government-provided sources. The Government will acquire the permits and rights to remove material from provided sources identified in the contract and to use such property for a plant site and stockpiles. Test reports and available historical performance data verifying the presence of accept-able material are available upon request.

Do not perform work within a Government-provided source until a plan of operation for the development of the source is accepted. Perform all work necessary to produce acceptable material including site development, prepa-ration, erosion control, and restoration.

The quality of material in provided sources is acceptable in general, but may contain layers or pockets of unacceptable material. It is not feasible to as-certain from samples the quality of material for an entire deposit and varia-tions may be expected. Determine the quantity and type of equipment and work necessary to select and produce acceptable material.

Section 105

(b) Government-listed sources. The Government may list possible materi-al sources. The Government makes no representation as to the quality or quantity of material, or rights to the availability of material from these sources. These sources are considered to be Contractor-located sources under (c) below.

(c) Contractor-located sources. The Contractor is responsible for these sources, including established commercial sources. Use sources that fulfill the contract quantity and quality requirements. Determine the quantity and types of equipment and work necessary to select and produce acceptable material. Secure all permits and clearances for use of the source and provide copies of the documents.

Provide laboratory test reports and available historical performance data indicating that acceptable material is available from the source. Do not use material from a source that is unacceptable to the Government. Dispose of unacceptable material and locate another source at no cost to the Government.

105.03 Material Source Management. Notify the CO 14 days before start-ing pit operations. Develop and operate within a material source according to the accepted plan of operation or written agreement for developing the source.

Comply with the following applicable requirements:

(a) Before developing a material source, measure the sediment content of bodies of water adjacent to the work area that will receive drainage from the work area. Control all erosion so the sediment levels in the bodies of water within the drainage area of the work area do not increase.

(b) Strip and stockpile the overburden. After operations are complete, move all waste back into the source. Neatly trim and flatten the side slopes to the extent practicable. Spread the stockpiled overburden uniformly over the sides and bottom of the mined area. Establish a vegetative cover to blend the site into the surrounding area.

Section 105

105.04 Storing and Handling Material. Store and handle material to pre-serve its quality and fitness for the work. Stored material approved before storage may again be inspected before use in the work. Locate stored material to facilitate prompt inspection.

Use only approved portions of the right-of-way for storing material and plac-ing plants and equipment. Provide all additional space needed. Do not use private property for storage without written permission of the owner or lessee.

Furnish copies of all agreements. Restore all Government-provided storage sites to their original condition.

The Contractor is responsible for the security of all…