Attachment 5 FAA-STD-019e.pdf

FAA-STD-01ge Decem ber 22, 2005

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL AVIATIO ADMINISTRAnON STANDARD

LIGHTNING AND SURGE PROTECTION,

GROUNDING, BONDING AND SHIELDING

REQUIREMENTS FOR FACILITIES AND

ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

II

FOREWORD

All construction of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) operational facilities and the electronic equipment installed therein shall conform to this standard. This document defines minimum requirements for all FAA facilities. When the specific needs ofa facility exceed these minimum requirements. the facility shall be designed and installed to meet these specific needs.

These needs are influenced by the equipment to be installed at the site. the configuration of the structures and location of the equipment. and by the physical environment present at the location.

The requirements contained in this document reflect investigation and resolution of malfunctions and failures experienced at field locations. The requirements thus are considered the minimum necessary to harden sites sufficiently for the FAA missions - to prevent delay or loss of service.

to minimize or preclude outages. and to enhance personnel safety. Further. the requirements in the document have been coordinated with industry standards. and in some cases exceed industry standards where necessary to meet the FAA missions.

In this document the use of"shaW' or verbs such as ·'construct"". ··weld'·. "connect". etc indicates a requirement necessitating mandatory compliance. In cases when implementation of certain requirements is not technically feasible, a National Airspace System (NAS) Change Proposal (NCP) must be submitted with adequate justification and technical documentation and approved by the NAS Configuration Control Board (CCB) before a deviation is permitted.

This document is organized in accordance with MIL-STD-962D.

III

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I SCOPE I

1.1 Scope .......................•.••.•...••................................•.••.••••.••

1.2 Purpose ...............................•

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 3

2.1 Governnlcnt [)ocUI11cnts •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3

2.2 Non-Government I>ocuments ...................•..•••..•..••.................................•.••.......•..••.••.•..•. 4

3 DEFlNlTIONS 7

3.1 Access Well •.••••.•..••...••••.•..••..............................•..•..•.•..••..•

3.2 Air Ternlinal ...........................•..•..•.•..•.••...••.••..................................•.............•.....•..•.•7

3.3 Armored Cable •...............................•.••.••.•.••.••.••.•........•.••.................................•

3.4 Arrester ..•..•...••..•.•...............................••...•..•..•.••.••.••••..••.••••.••••.•••..........•

3.5 Bond ........•.••.••...••.••.•.••.••.•.••.........•............................................•..•..•..•..........••.••.•.••. 7

3.6 Bond, Direct ••••••.••.•..•.••.••.•..............................................•.••..•.••.••.•.••.....•..•

3.7 Bond, Indirect......................•.••.••••.••.•....•..••••.••

3.8 Bonding .....................................••...•.•..•.••.•..•.••

3.9 Bonding Junlper .........•..•.•..•..•.•..•.••....•.............•.................................••.•...........•..•

3.10 Branch Circuit .......•..•..•.•..•..•..............................................•..........•...•.............••.•.••.••.7

3.11 Building•.•..•.••.•..•.••.•.••.••.••••.•...........................................•..••.••.•..•..•..•.............••.••..•.• 7

3.12 Bulkhead Plate ..••...............................................•..•.••.•.•...••.•.••.••..•.•........••.••....•.......••.8

3.13 Cabinet .........................•...••.••.•••..••.•••..•.....•.••.•

3.14 Cable ......................•..•...........•••...•..•.•..•.••.•.••.••.•..••.••.•..•..•..•.••.••••..•.....•..•..•.••.••....•..•8

3.14.1 Cable, AC (not the same as armored (DEB) cable) .....................................................•

3.14.2 Cable, Armored Direct Earth Bnrial (DEB) 8

3.14.3 Cable, Axial ............................................................•

3.14.4 Cable, Shielded 8

3.15 Case ...............•....................................................•........•..•..••.•.•••..........••.•..•

3.16 Catenary Wire ..........................•.........••.••.•.••.••.••........•

3.17 Chassis •.••.••••.••.•...••..•.••.••.•.••.•.••.••.•.••..•.•..•.••.•....................•.............••.•...........•

3.18 Clamp Voltage .........•.•........•.••.••••.••...••.•..•..•.•..••...••..•..•.•..•...•.••.•...•.•.....••••..•..•..•.••.••••8

3.19 Conductor, Bare ••..•.••.•.••.••.•.••.••.••••.••.••.•.•..•..•.••.••.•..•..••.•.••.••..•.•..••.•......•.••••..•..••••.••.••8

3.20 Conductor, Insulated 9

3.21 Conductor, Lightning Bonding (Secondary) .••.•...........•................•..............•

3.22 Conductor, Lightning Down ..••.•......•••.•••..•..•...••..•..•.••.•..•.••.....•.•.........•.••

3.23 Conductor, Lightning Main .••.••......••.•.•........•.•..••.•.•...•....••.••.•.•...•....•..••..•..............•

3.24 Conductor, Lightning Roof •.••.••.•.••.............................................................................•.. 9

3.25 Crowbar ••....••••.•..•....•..•.••.•.••..•.•.•.......••.•..........................•...........•.......•••.••..•.•..••.••... 9

3.26 Earth Electrode System (EES) .......................................................•.••..•.....•.............•

3.27 Electromagnetic Interference (EM I) ...................................••.•..•.....•.••..••.•.••....• v

3.28 Electronic Multipoinl Ground Systcm 9

3.29 Electronic Single Point Ground (SPG) System 9

3.30 Enclosed Ferrous Cable Tray 10

3.31 Equipnlcnt Areas 10

3.32 Equipnlcnt Grounding Conductor 10

3.33 Equipment 10

3.34 Facilily Ground System 10

3.35 Faraday Cage 10

3.36 Feeder 10

3.37 Ferrous Conduit 10

3.38 Fitting, High Compression 10

3.39 Ground ••.•.••..•.•.•..•..............................................................•..•.••.••..•........•.••..•.......• 10

3.40 Grounded Conductor 10

3.41 Grounded II

3.42 Grounding Conduclor II

3.43 Grounding Eleclrode II

3.44 Grounding Electrode Conductor II

3.45 High frequency II

3.46 Horizontal 'I'ransitions II

3.47 Landline II

3.48 Line Replaceable Unit II

3.49 Low Frequency II

3.50 Main Service Disconnect t t

3.51 ational Electrical Code 12

3.52 Operalional Areas 12

3.53 OPR 12

3.54 Overshoot Voltage 12

3.55 Pressure Connector 12

3.56 Rack 12

3.57 Reference Plane or Poinl, Electronic Signal (Signal Ground) 12

3.58 Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC) 12

3.59 RGS 12

3.60 Shield•..•.•.•••.•.•.••..•.•.•..•..••.•....•.........•

3.61 Signal 12

3.62 Standard Version 13

3.63 Structure 13

3.64 Surge 13

3.65 Susceptibility Level 13

3.66 Transient 13

3.67 Transient Suppressor 13

vi

4.1 4.1.1

3.68 Turn-on Voltage .••.••...•..•.......................•.•..•.••.••..•••••••.••...•..................................••..•. 13

3.69 Zone of Prolection •..•.•.••.••.......................••••.•.••.••.••••.••.••.•••••.••••

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 15

Requirements Common to Both Facilities and Equipment .•.•••••••••••.••..•.••

Bonding Requirements 15

4.1.1.1 Resistance of Bonds 15

4.1.1.2 Melhods of Bonding 15

4.1.1.2.1 Exolhermic Welds 15

4.1.1.2.2 Welded Assemblies 15

4.1.1.2.3 Dissimilar Melals 16

4.1.1.2.4 Mechanical Conneetions J7

4.1.1.3 Bonding Slraps and Jumpers 18

4.1.1.4 Fasleners 19

4.1.1.5 Temporary Bonds 19

4.1.1.6 Inaccessible L.ocations 19

4.1.1.7 Surface Preparation 19

4.1.1.7.1 Area 10 Be Cleaned 20

4.1.1.7.2 Final Cleaning 20

4.1.1.7.3 Complelion oflhe Bond 20

4.1.1.7.4 Refinishing of Bond 20

4.1.1.7.5 Surface Plaling or Trealmenls 20

4.1.1.8 Bond Protection 20

4.1.\.8.1 Paiol 20

4.1.1.8.2 Compression Bonds in Protected Areas ..........................•

4.1.1.8.3 Corrosion Protection ..................................................................................•

4.1.1.9 Bouding across Shock Mounts 21

4.1.1.10 Enclosure Bonding 21

4.1.\.11 Subassemblies 2\

4.1.1.12 Equipmenl 21

4.1.1.13 Connector Mounting 21

4.1.1.14 Shield Terminations 22

4.1.1.15 RF Gaskets 22

4.1.2 Shielding Requiremenls 23

4.1.2.1 Design 23

4.1.2.2 Facility Shielding 23

4.1.2.3 Conduclor and Cable Shielding 23

4.1.2.3.1 Signal Lines and Cables 23

4.1.2.3.2 Termination of Individual Shields 23

4.1.2.3.3 Termination of Overall Shields 2..

4.1.2.4 Electromagnetic Environment Control 26

4.1.2.4.1 Space Separation 26

4.1.2.4.2 Wire and Cable ROuling 26

4.1.2.4.3 Gaskels 27

4.\.2.4.4 Filter Inlegration 27

4.1.2.4.5 Bonding and Grounding of Compartment Shields 27

4.1.3 Eleclroslalic Discharge (ESD) Requiremenls 27

4.1.3.1 ESD Sensitivity Classification 28

4.1.3.2 ESD Proleclion Requirements 28

4.1.3.3 Classification of Materials 28

4.1.3.3.1 General 28

4.1.3.3.2 Conduclive Malerials 28

4.1.3.3.3 Eleclroslatic Shielding Male rials 28

4.1.3.3.4 Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 29

4.1.3.3.5 Static Dissipative Materials 29

VII

4.2 4.2.1

4.1.3.3.6 Antistatic Materials 29

4.1.3.3.7 Static-Generative Materials, Non-Conductors, and Insulators 29

4.1.3.4 Protection of [SD Susceptible and Sensitive Items 29

4.1.3.4.1 Static Protected Zone 29

4.1.3.4.2 ESD Special Protection Areas 30

4.1.3.4.3 ESO Controls Required for ESO Special Protection Areas 30

4.1.3.4.4 ESO Signs, Labels, Cautions, and \Varnings 31

4.1.3.4.5 ESD Protected Workstations 31

4.1.3.4.6 ESO Protective Storage Areas 32

4.1.3.4.7 Hard and Soft Grounds 33

4.1.3.4.8 ESD Control Flooring and Floor Coverings 33

4.1.3.4.9 [SD Requirements for Raised Floors 34

4.1.3.4.10 [SD Protective \Vorksurfaces 35

4.1.3.4.11 Static Dissipalive Coatings 36

4.1.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements 36

4.1.4.1 General 36

4.1.4.2 Requirements 36

4.1.4.3 Approval 36

Facility Requirements 36 Passive Transient Protection Requirements 36

4.2.1.1 Existing Metallic Conduit, Conductors and Cables 36

4.2.1.2 Electromagnetic Shielding for Lines, Conductors and Cables 37

4.2.1.2.1 Facility Entrance Conduit 37

4.2.1.2.2 Buried External Power Cables 37

4.2.1.2.3 Conduit Joints and Fillings 37

4.2.1.3 Above Ground Ferrous Conduit Penetration of Facility 38

4.2.1.4 Armored Direct Earth Burial (DEB) Cables 38

4.2.1.5 Guard Wires 38

4.2.1.6 Metal Bulkhead Connector Plates 38

4.2.1.7 Balanced Pair Lines 39

4.2.1.8 Fiber Optic Cable 39

4.2.1.9 Interior Lines, Conductors and Cables 39

4.2.2 Active Transient Protection Requirements 0

".2.2.1 Conducted Power Line Surges 40 ".2.2.2 Facility Service Entrance Surge Protective Device .40 ".2.2.3 Surge Protective Devices for Feeder and Branch Panels 40

4.2.2.4 SPD General Requirements .41

".2.2.4.1 SPD Operational Characteristics .

4.2.2.4.2 Surge Levels 42

4.2.2.4.3 Slope Resistance ..43

4.2.2.4.4 3kA Voltages VJ 43

4.2.2.4.5 Indicator Lamps 43

4.2.2.4.6 Accessibility 44

4.2.2.5 Signal, Control, and Data Line Protection Design .44

".2.2.6 SPD Requirements for Signal Data and Control Lines .45

".2.2.6.1 Signal, Control, and Data Line Protection Requirements .45

4.2.2.7 Axial Cable Protection Design 46

4.2.3 Lightning Protection System Requirenlents 46

4.2.3.1 General. .46

4.2.3.2 Lightning Protection System Materials 47

4.2.3.2.1 Lightning Protection System Conductors .47

4.2.3.2.2 Lightning Protection System Hardware .47

4.2.3.2.3 Guards 47

4.2.3.3 Lightning Protection System Bonds 47

4.2.3.3.1 Metallic Bodies Subject to Direct Lightning Strikes 47 viii

4.2.3.3.2 Metallic Bodies Subject to Induced Charges .48

4.2.3.3.3 Exhaust Stack Grounding 48

4.2.3.3.4 Above Ground Fuel and Oil Storage Tanks 48

4.2.3.3.5 Conductive Bodies Within a Zone of I)rotection .48

4.2.3.4 Conductor Routing .48

4.2.3.4.1 Down Conductors on Fiberglass Mounting Poles .49

".2.3.4.2 Down Conductor Terminations 9

".2.3.5 Lightning Protection for Buildings and Structures ..19

4.2.3.5.1 Air Terminals 49

4.2.3.5.2 ATCT Potential Equalization 50

".2.3.5.3 Number of Down Conductors for Buildings 50

4.2.3.5.4 Metal Parts of Buildings 50

4.2.3.5.5 Roof Mounted Antenna Masts 50

4.2.3.6 Lightning Protection for Antenna Towers 51

4.2.3.6.1 Nunlber of Down Conductors for ·rowers 51

4.2.3.6.2 Towers without Radonles 51

4.2.3.6.3 Radomes .................................................•

4.2.3.6.4 Towers with Radomes 52

4.2.3.6.5 Antenna Protection 53

4.2.3.6.6 Tower Guying 53

4.2.3.6.7 \Vaveguide, Axial Cable, and Conduit Grounding .53

4.2.3.6.8 Staircase/L.adder Protection 53

4.2.3.7 Lightning Protection for Facilities without Buildings or Antennas 54

4.2.3.8 Lightning Protection for Fences and Gates 54

4.2.3.8.1 Fences Requiring an EES 54

4.2.3.8.2 Fences Crossed by Overhead Power L.ines 56

4.2.4 Earth Electrode System (EES) Requirements .................................................................................•

4.2.4.1 General. 57

4.2.4.2 Site Survey 57

4.2.4.3 Design 58

4.2.4.3.1 Chemical Enhancements 58

4.2.4.3.2 Chemical Rods 58

4.2.4.3.3 Engineered Soil Materials ..•

4.2.4.3.4 Coke Breeze 58

4.2.4.3.5 Ground Dissipation Plates 59

4.2.4.3.6 Installation of Earth Electrode Systems in Corrosive Soils 59

4.2.4.3.7 Configuration 61

4.2.4.3.8 Ground rods..........................................................•....•..............................•

4.2.4.3.9 Interconnections 61

4.2.4.3.10 Access Well 61

4.2.5 Main and Supplemental Ground Plates ...........................•

4.2.6 General Grounding and Bonding Requirements 62

4.2.6.1 Secnre Facilities ...........•....•

4.2.6.2 Electronic Signal Return Path 62

4.2.6.3 Interior Metal Piping Systems 63

4.2.6.4 Electrical SUPI>orting Structures 63

4.2.6.4.1 Conduit 63

4.2.6.4.2 Cable Trays and Wireways 63

4.2.6.5 Building Structural Steel Bonding Requirements 64

4.2.6.6 High RF Field Bonding Reqnirements 64

4.2.7 Signal Reference Structures Requirements 65

4.2.7.1 Mnltipoint Ground Systems 66

4.2.7.1.1 Multipoint Ground Plates and Bnses ..........................•

4.2.7.1.2 Ground Conductors - Plate to Plate and Plate to Bus 67

4.2.7.1.3 Gronnd Condnctors (Plate and Bus to Equipment) 68

4.2.7.1.4 Protection 68

IX

4.3 4.3.1

4.2.7.1.5 Conductor Labeling 68

4.2.7.2 Signal Reference Planes 69

4.2.7.3 Connection of MPG and SRP Systems to the Main and Supplemental Ground Plates 70

4.2.7.4 Connection of Electronic Enclosures to the SRS 70

4.2.8 Electronic Single Point Ground System Requirements 70

4.2.8.1 General 70

4.2.8.2 Ground Plates 70

4.2.8.3 Isolation belween Single Poinl and SRP or MPG Systems 71

4.2.8.3.1 Resistance 71

4.2.8.4 Ground Conduclors 71

4.2.8.4.1 Main Ground Conductor 71

4.2.8.4.2 Trunk and Branch Ground Conductors 7.

4.2.8.4.3 Electronic Equipment Ground Conductors 71

4.2.8.5 Interconnections 71

4.2.8.6 Labeling 71

4.2.8.6.1 Conductor Identification 72

4.2.8.6.2 Ground Plale Labeling 72

4.2.8.6.3 Proleclion 72

4.2.9 DC Bus Grounding Requirements 73

4.2.10 National Electrical Code (NEC) Grounding Compliance 73

4.2.10.1 General 73

4.2.10.2 Grounding Electrode Conduclors 74

4.2.10.3 Equipnlent Grounding Conductors 74

4.2.10.4 Color Coding of Conductors 75

4.2.10.4.1 Grounded Conductors 75

4.2.10.4.2 Equipment Grounding Conductors 75

4.2.10.4.3 Control and DC Power Cables and Conductors 75

4.2.10.S Non-Current-Carrying Metal Equipment Enclosures 76

4.2.11 Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCT) Special Requirements 76

4.2.11.1 General 77

4.2.11.2 J\1ain Ground Connections 77

4.2.11.3 PO\\ler Distribution 77

4.2.11.4 Bonding 78

4.2.11.5 Signal, Communications, Axial Cables and Control Line Protection 78

4.2.11.6 Signal Reference Structure 79

4.2.11.7 Floor Coverings for Electronic Equipment and Operational Areas 79

4.2.11.8 Single Point Grounding 79

Equiplnent Requirements ......................................•......................•..•..•..••...................• 79 Electronic Signal Lines and Cables ...........•...........................................•

4.3.1.1 Termination of Individual Shields 79

4.3.1.2 Termination of Ovcrall Shields 79

4.3.2 Signal Control and Data Line Enlrance 79

4.3.2.1 Equipment Transient Levels 80

4.3.2.2 Lines and Cables Requiring Protection 80

4.3.3 Power Entrance 80

4.3.3.1 Slope Rcsistancc 81

4.3.3.2 DC Power Supply "rransient Suppression 82

4.3.3.3 Externally Mounted Electronic Equipment 83

4.3.4 Electronic Equipment Grounding 83

4.3.4.1 Electronic Cabinets, Racks, and Cases 83

4.3.4.2 Isolated Grounding Receptacles 83

4.3.4.3 Portable Equil>ment (with grounding conductor) 83

4.3.4.4 AC Power filters 83

4.3.5 Equipolent Signal Grounding Requirements 83

4.3.5.1 Input and Outpul Electronic Signals 84

x

4.3.5.2 Multipoint Grounding of Electronic Equipment 84

4.3.5.2.1 Prevention of Resonance in Bonding Straps 84

4.3.5.3 Single Point Grounding of Electronic Equipment 84

4.3.5.3.1 Singlc Point Input and Output Signal Requirements 84

4.3.5.3.2 Single Point Case Isolation Requirements 84

4.3.5.3.3 Single Point Power Isolation Requirements 85

4.3.5.4 Equipment Single Point Ground Terminals 85

4.3.5.4.1 Connection of Electronic Equipment to the Single Point Ground System 85

4.3.6 Equipment Shielding Requirements 87

4.3.6.1 Control of Apertures 87

4.3.6.2 Metal Control Shafts 87

4.3.6.3 Shieldcd Compartments 87

4.3.7 Circuit and Equipment ESD Design Requirements 87

4.3.7.1 Circuit Design and Layout 87

4.3.7.2 Component Protection 87

4.3.7.3 ESD Withstand Requirements 87

5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 89

6 NOTES 91

6.1 Acronynls and Abbreviations..••.••.•.•.••..•.•..•.......•.....•.......................................•.•...•..•.•. 91

6.2 Guidelines 92

6.3 Version Cross-Reference •.•••..•..•....•.••..•••.••.••.•.••.••....•..•....•..•

I SCOPE I

1.1 Scope 1

1.2 Purpose 1

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 3

2.1 Government Docunlents ....••.•.••.•..•.•..•..•.•..•..•....•........................................•••..•..••••.••.••.3

2.2 Non-Government Documents •.••.•.•..•.••.•.••.••.•.••.••....•..••.•.•............................••..•.•..•..•.••.••4

3 DEFINITIONS 7

3.1 Access Wen 7

3.2 Air Terminal 7

3.3 Armorcd Cable 7

3.4 Arrester 7

3.5 Bond 7

3.6 Bond, Direct 7

3.7 Bond, Indirect 7

3.8 Bonding 7

3.9 Bonding Jumper 7

3.10 Branch Circuit 7

3.11 Building 7

3.12 Bulkhead Plate 8

3.13 Cabinet 8

3.14 Cable 8

XI

3.1~.1 Cable, AC (not the same as armored (DEB) cable) 8

3.14.2 Cable, Armored Direct Earth Burial (DEB) 8

3.14.3 Cable, Asial 8

3.14.4 Cable, Sh ielded 8

3.15 Case 8

3.16 Catenary Wire 8

3.17 Chassis 8

3.18 Clamp Voltage 8

3.19 Conductor, Bare 8

3.20 Conductor, Insulated 9

3.21 Conductor, Lightning Bonding (Secondary) 9

3.22 Conductor, Lightning Down 9

3.23 Conductor, Lightning Main 9

3.24 Conductor, Lightning Roof 9

3.25 Crowbar 9

3.26 Earth Electrode System (EES) 9

3.27 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) 9

3.28 Electronic Multipoint Ground System 9

3.29 Electronic Single Point Ground (SPG) System 9

3.30 Enclosed Ferrous Cable Tray 10

3.3 I Equipment Areas 10

3.32 Equipment Grounding Conductor 10

3.33 Equipment 10

3.34 Facility Ground System 10

3.35 Faraday Cage IO

3.36 Feeder 10

3.37 Ferrous Conduit 10

3.38 Fitting, High Compression 10

3.39 Ground 10

3.40 Grounded Conductor 10

3.41 Grounded I I

3.42 Grounding Conductor II

3.43 Grounding Electrode II

3.44 Grounding Electrode Conductor I I

3.45 High frequency I I

3.46 Horizontal Transitions II

3.47 Jordan Dissipation Plate Design I I

3.48 Landline I I

3.49 Line Replaceable Unit I I

3.50 Low Frequency 12

3.51 Main Service Disconnect 12

XII

3.52 National Electrical Code•..•...........••.••.••.•.••.•..••••

3.53 Operational Areas ••.•...••..•.••••.•..•.........................•..................•....•.••....•..••....•..•..•.••..•. 12

3.54 OPR .......••.•.••.•..•.•.............................................•.•.••.••.•..•..•........................•

3.55 Overshoot Voltage 12

3.56 Pressure Connector 12

3.57 Rack ............................................••.••...•..•..•

3.58 Reference Plane or Point, Electronic Signal (Signal Ground) 12

3.59 Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC) 12

3.60 RGS .....................................................•.......•..•....•..•..•.••..•........•............•........•

3.61 Shield•.................•....•.•.......•..••...............•.............................•....•

3.62 Signal •.•..•.•..••.•...••.•..••...•..•.•..•..•..................•.•

3.63 Standard Version 13

3.64 Structure .........•..........•...•......•......•..........•.•.............••...••......................•.••......•.•.••.•• 13

3.65 Surge ...................................................................................................................•.. 13

3.66 Susceptibility Level ..........................................•....................................................•.••. 13

3.67 Transient 13

3.68 Transient Suppressor 13

3.69 Turn-on Voltage 13

3.70 Zone or Protection 13

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 15

4.1

4.1.1 Requirements Common to Both Facilities and Equipment 15

Bonding Requirements 15

4.1.1.1 Resistance of Bonds .•

4.1.1.2 Methods or Bonding 15

~.1.1.2.1 Exothermic Welds 15

4.1.1.2.2 Welded Assemblies 16

4.1.1.2.3 Dissimilar Metals 16

4.1.1.2.4 Mechliniclil Connections 18

4.1.1.3 Bonding Straps and Jumpers 19

4.1.1.4 Fasteners 20

4.1.1.5 Temporary Bonds 20

4.1.1.6 Inaccessible Locations 20

4.1.1.7 Surrace Preparation 21

4.1.1.7.1 Area to Be Cleaned 21

4.1.1.7.2 Final Cleaning 21

4.1.1.7.3 Completion oflhe Bond 21

4.1.1.7.4 Refinishing of Bond 21

4.1.1.7.5 Surface Plating or Treatments 21

4.1.1.8 Bond Protcclion 21

4.1.1.8.1 Paint 21

4.1.1.8.2 Compression Bonds in Protected Are~lS ..........................................•

4.1.1.8.3 Corrosion Protection 22

4.1.1.9 Bonding across Shock Mounts 22

4.1.1.10 Enclosure Bonding 22

4.1.1.1 I Subassemblies 22

~.1.1.12 Equipment 22

4.1.1.13 Connector Mounting 23

XIII

4.2 4.2.1

4.1.1.14 Shield Ternlinations 23

4.1.1.15 RF Gaskets 23

4.1.2 Shielding Requiremenls H

4.1.2.1 Design 24

4.1.2.2 Facility Shielding 24

4.1.2.3 Conduelor and Cable Shielding 24

4.1.2.3.1 Signal Lines and Cables 24

4.1.2.3.2 Termination of Individual Shields 24

4.1.2.3.3 Terminalion of Overall Shields ................................................•..•.•

4.1.2.4 Electronlagnetic Environment Control 27

4.1.2.4.1 Space Separation 27

4.1.2.4.2 Wire and Cable Routing 27

4.1.2.4.3 GaskelS 28

4.1.2.4.4 filter Integration 28

4.1.2.4.5 Bonding and Grounding of Compartment Shields 28

4.1.3 Eleclrostatic Discharge (ESD) Requiremenls 28

4.1.3.1 ESD Sensitivity Classification 29

4.1.3.2 ESD Protection Requirements 29

4.1.3.3 Classification of Materials 29

4.1.3.3.1 General ........................•

4.1.3.3.2 Static Conductive Materials 29

4.1.3.3.3 Electrostatic Shielding Materials 29

4.1.3.3.4 Electromagnetic Shielding Materials 30

4.1.3.3.5 Static Dissipative Materials 30

4.1.3.3.6 Antistatic Malerials 30

4.1.3.3.7 Static-Generative Materials, Non-Conductors, and Insulators 30

4.1.3.4 Protection of ESO Susceptible and Sensitive Items 30

4.1.3.4.1 Stalic Protecled Zone ..........................................................•.....................•

4.1.3.4.2 ESD Special Proteclion Areas ......................•

4.1.3.4.3 ESD Controls Required for ESD Special Protection Areas 31

4.1.3.4.4 ESO Signs, Labels, Cautions, and \Varnings 32

4.1.3.4.5 ESD Protected Workstations ..........................•

4.1.3.4.6 ESD Proteclive Siorage Areas 33

4.1.3.4.7 Hard and Sofl Grounds 34

4.1.3.4.8 ESO Control Flooring and Floor Coverings 34

4.1.3.4.9 ESD Requiremenls for Raised Floors 35

4.1.3.4.10 ESD Protective \Vorksurfaces 35

4.1.3.4.11 Static Dissipative Coatings 36

4.1.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements 36

4.1.4.1 General 36

4.1.4.2 Requirements 37

4.1.4.3 Approval 37

Facility Requirements •..•.•..•.••.••••.•..•.•..•..•....•..•..•.•..•..••••..•.......•.....•..•..• I)assive Transient Protection Requirenlents 37

4.2.1.1 Existing Metallic Conduit, Conductors and Cables 37

4.2.1.2 Electromagnetic Shielding for Lines, Conductors and Cables 37

4.2.1.2.1 Facilily Enlrance Conduit 38

4.2.1.2.2 Buried External Power Cables and Conductors 38

4.2.1.2.3 Buried Landlines 38

4.2.1.2.4 Conduit Joints and Fittings 38

4.2.1.3 Above Ground Ferrous Conduit Penetration of Facility 38

4.2.1.4 Armored Direct Earth Burial (DEB) Cables 39

4.2.1.5 Guard Wires 39

4.2.1.6 Melal Bulkhead Connector Plates 39

4.2.1.7 Balanced Pair Lines .40

XIV

4.2.1.8 Fiber Optic Cable 40

4.2.1.9 Interior Lines, Conductors and Cables 40

4.2.2 Active Transient Protection Requirements 0

4.2.2.1 Conducted Power Line Surges 41

4.2.2.2 Facility Entrance Surge Protective Devices 41

4.2.2.3 Surge Protective Devices for feeder and Branch Panels 1 4.2.2." SPD General Requirements 2

4.2.2.4.1 SPD Operational Characteristics 42

4.2.2.4.2 Su rge Levels ~3

4.2.2.4.3 Slope Resistance ~~

4.2.2.4.4 3kA Voltages V, ,4~

4.2.2.4.5 Indicator l.anlps 4..

4.2.2.4.6 Accessibility 45

4.2.2.5 Signal, Control, and Data Line Protection Design .45

4.2.2.6 SPD Rcquirements for Signal Data and Control Lines .46

4.2.2.6.1 Signal, Control, and Data Line Protection Requirements 46

4.2.2.7 Axial Cable I)rotection Design 7

".2.3 Lightning Protec.ion System Requiremen.s 47 ~.2.3.1 General... ,47 ~.2.3.2 Lightning Protection System Materials ~8

4.2.3.2.1 Lightning Protection System Conductors 48

4.2.3.2.2 Lightning Protection Systenl Hardware 8

4.2.3.2.3 Guards .48

4.2.3.3 Lightning Protection System Bonds 48

4.2.3.3.1 Metallic Bodies Subject to Direct Lightning Strikes .48

4.2.3.3.2 Metallic Bodies Subject to Indnced Charges 49

4.2.3.3.3 Exhaust Stack Grounding .49

4.2.3.3.4 Above Ground Fuel and Oil Storage Tanks 49

4.2.3.4 Conductor Routing 49

4.2.3.4.1 Down Conductors on Fiberglass Mounting Poles 50

".2.3.4.2 Down Conductor Termina.ions 50

4.2.3.5 Lightning Protection for Buildings and Structures 50

4.2.3.5.1 Air Terminals 50

4.2.3.5.2 ATCT Potential Equalization 51

4.2.3.5.3 Number of Down Conductors for Buildings 51

4.2.3.5.4 Metal Parts of Buildings 51

4.2.3.5.5 Roof Mounted Antenna Masts 51

4.2.3.6 l.ightning Protection for Antenna Towers 52

4.2.3.6.1 Number of Down Conductors for Towers 52

4.2.3.6.2 Pole Type Towers 52

4.2.3.6.3 TO\\lers without Radomes 52

4.2.3.6.4 Radomes 52

4.2.3.6.5 To\\'ers with Radomes 53

4.2.3.6.6 Antenna Protection 5..

~.2.3.6.7 Tower Guying 5~

4.2.3.6.8 Waveguide, Axial Cable, and Conduit Grounding 54

4.2.3.6.9 Staircase/Ladder Protection 54

4.2.3.7 Lightning Protection for Facilities without Buildings or Antcnnas 55

4.2.3.8 Lightning Pro.ec.ion for Fences and G~ltes 55

4.2.3.8.1 Fences in High Risk Locations 56

4.2.3.8.2 Fence Grounding for High Risk Locations 56

4.2.3.8.3 Fences Crossed by Overhead Power Lines 58

4.2,4 Earth Electrode System (EES) Requirements 58

4.2.4.1 General 58

4.2,4.2 Site Survey 59

4.2.4.3 Design 59

xv

4.2.4.3.1 Chemical Enhancenlents 59

4.2.4.3.2 Chemical Rods 59

4.2.4.3.3 Engineered Soil Materials 59

4.2.4.3.4 Coke Breeze 60

·t2.4.3.5 Ground Dissipation Plates 60

4.2.4.3.6 Installation of Earth Electrode Systems in Corrosive Soils 60

4.2.4.3.7 Configu ration 62

4.2.4.3.8 Ground rods 62

4.2.4.3.9 Interconnections 62

4.2.4.3.10 Access Well ................•....................................................•...................•

4.2.5 Main and Supplemental Ground Plates 63

4.2.6 General Grounding and Bonding Requirements 63

4.2.6.1 Secure Facilities 63

4.2.6.2 Electronic Signal Relurn Palh 63

4.2.6.3 Interior Metal Piping Systems 64

4.2.6.4 Electrical Supporting Structures 64

4.2.6.4.1 Conduit 64

4.2.6.4.2 Cable Trays and Wireways 64

4.2.6.5 Building Structural Steel Bonding Requirements 65

4.2.6.6 High RF Field Bonding Requirements 65

4.2.7 Signal Reference Structures Requirements 66

4.2.7.1 Multipoint Ground Systems ...................................•

4.2.7.1.1 Multipoint Ground Plates and Buses 68

4.2.7.1.2 Ground Conductors - Plate to Plate and Plate to Bus 68

4.2.7.1.3 Ground Conductors (Plate and Bus to Equipment) 69

4.2.7.1.4 Protection ...................................................•....•

4.2.7.1.5 Conductor Labeling 69

4.2.7.2 Signal Reference Planes 70

4.2.7.3 Connection of MPG and SRP Systems to the Main and Supplemental Ground Plates 71

4.2.7.4 Connection of Electronic Enclosures to the SRS 71

4.2.8 Electronic Single Point Ground System Requirements 71

4.2.8.1 General 71

4.2.8.2 Ground Plates 71

4.2.8.3 Isolation between Single Point and SRPor MPG Systems 72

4.2.8.3.1 Resistance 72

4.2.8.4 Ground Conductors ......•

4.2.8.4.1 Main Ground Conductor 72

4.2.8.4.2 Trunk and Branch Ground Conductors 72

4.2.8.4.3 Electronic Equipnlent Ground Conductors 72

4.2.8.5 Interconnections 72

4.2.8.6 Labeling 72

4.2.8.6.1 Conductor Identification 73

4.2.8.6.2 Ground Plate Labeling 73

4.2.8.6.3 Protection .•

4.2.9 DC Bus Grounding Requirements 74

4.2.10 National Electrical Code (NEC) Grounding Compliance 74

4.2.1 0.1 General 74

4.2.10.2 Grounding Electrode Conductors 75

4.2.10.3 Equipment Grounding Conductors 75

4.2.10.4 Color Coding of Conductors 76

4.2.10.4.1 Grounded Conductors 76

4.2.10.4.2 Equipment Grounding Conductors 76

4.2.10.4.3 Control and DC Power Cables and Conductors 76

4.2.10.5 Non-Current-Carrying Metal Equipment Enclosures 77

4.2.11 Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCf) Special Requirements 77

4.2.11.1 General .........................•

XVI

4.2.11.2 Main Ground Connections 78

4.2.11.3 Power Distribution 78

4.2.11.4 Bonding .................................................................•...........•

4.2.11.5 Signal, Communications, Axial Cables and Control Line Protection 79

4.2.11.6 Signal Reference Structure 80

4.2.11.7 Floor Coverings for Electronic Equipment and Operational Areas 80

4.2.11.8 Single Point Grounding 80

4.3 Equipnlcnt Requirenlents ••..•••.•..••.•.........................................•.••.••••.••..••....•.....•....••..• 80 ".3.1 Electronic Signal Lines and Cables 80

4.3.1.1 Termination of Individual Shields 80

4.3.1.2 Termination of Overall Shields 80

4.3.2 Signal Control and Data Line Entr:lnce 80

4.3.2.1 Lines and Cables Requiring Protection 81

4.3.3 Power Enlrance .........•....•.•

4.3.3.1 Slope Resistance ..............................................................•.•

4.3.3.2 DC Power Supply Transient Suppression 83

4.3.3.3 Externally Mounted Electronic Equipment 8..

".3.4 Electronic Equipment Grounding 8..

4.3.4.1 Electronic Cabinets, Racks, and Cases 84

4.3.4.2 Isolated Grounding Receptacles 84

4.3.4.3 Portable Equipment (with grounding conductor) 8..

4.3.4.4 AC Power Filters 84

4.3.5 Equipment Signal Grounding Requirements 8..

4.3.5.1 Input and Output Electronic Signals 85

4.3.5.2 Multipoint Grounding of Electronic Equipment 85

4.3.5.2.1 Prevention of Resonance in Bonding Straps 85

4.3.5.3 Single Point Grounding of Elcclronic Equipment.. 85

4.3.5.3.1 Single Point Input and Outpul Signal Requirements 85 ".3.5.3.2 Single Point Case Isolation Requirements 85

4.3.5.3.3 Single Point Power Isolation Requirements 86

4.3.5.4 Equipment Single Point Ground Terminals 86

4.3.5.4.1 Connection of Electronic Equipment to the Single Point Ground System 86

4.3.6 Equipnlent Shielding Requirements 88

4.3.6.1 Control of Apertures .......•.•

4.3.6.2 Metal Control Shafts 88

4.3.6.3 Shielded Comparlments 88

4.3.7 Circuit and Equipment ESD Design Requirements 88

4.3.7.1 Circuit Design and Layoul..........................................................................................•

4.3.7.2 Component Proleclion 88

4.3.7.3 ESD Withstand Requirements .•

5 DETAILED REQUIREME TS 90

6 NOTES 92

6.1 Acronynls and Abbreviations.•.••.........•..•.•

6.2 Guidelincs ...............................•..•.•.....•.•..•..•.•.••..•..•.•..•........•..•

6.3 Version Cross-Reference 93

XVII

List of Figures

Figure I. Order of Assembly for Bolted Connections 19 Figure II. Bonding of Connectors to Mounting Surface 23 Figure Ill. Grounding of Overall Cable Shields to Connectors and Penetrating Walls 26 Figure IV. Grounding of Overall Cable Shield to Terminal Strip 27 Figure V. Lightning Protection for Radomes and Radar Antenna Platfonns 53 Figure VI Common Collective Area of Increased Risk 56 Figure VII. Fence Grounding 57 Figure VIlI. Grounding Fences Requiring an EES , , , , 58 Figure IX. Grounding Trench Detail 61 Figure X. Jordan Dissipation Plate Design 61 Figure XI. Facility Grounding System 67 Figure XII. Multipoint Ground Conductor Size Determination 69 Figure XIlI. Electronic Single Point Ground System Installation 74 Figure XIV. Bonding of Conduit and Grounding Conductor 77 Figure XV. Airport Traffic Control Tower Levels 79 Figure XVI. Lines and Cables Requiring Protection 81 Figure XVII. Single Point Electronic Ground Bus Bar Installation in Rack or Cabinet 87

List of Tables

Table I. Mechanical Bonds Between Dissimilar Metals 17 Table II. Torque Requirements for Bolted Bonds 18 Table Ill. Minimum Separation Distance Between Signal and Power Conductors 28 Table IV. Surge Current Lifetime Requirements 43 Table V. Entrance, Feeder, and Branch Panels Slope Resistance Requirements 44 Table VI. Protection Voltages at 3kA 44 Table VII. SPD Lifetime Conducted Landline Transient Level Requirements 47 Table VIlI. Grounding Conductor Color Codes 65 Table IX. Size of Electronic Multipoint Ground Interconnecting Conductors 69 Table X. Equipment Power Entrance Slope Resistance Requirements 83 Table XI. Protection Voltages at 3kA for the Equipment Power Entrance 83 Table XI I. Electronic Equipment Power Entrance SPD Requirements 83

XVIII

xix

1 SCOPE

1.1 Scope

This document mandates standard lightning protection. transient protection. grounding. bonding and shielding configurations and procedures and control of electrostatic discharge (ESD) for new facilities, modifications and upgrades to existing facilities, new equipment installations, and new electronic equipment used in the National Airspace Systems (NAS). It provides requirements for the design, construction, modification or evaluation of facilities and equipment. (It is recommended that the OPR of this document be contacted to obtain technical guidance on the applicability of the requirements to modifications. upgrades and new equipment installations in existing facilities.)

This document is not mandatory for programs that have been funded prior to the issue date of this document. nor is it mandatory for construction contracts associated \\ ith programs funded prior to the issue of the document. Application of this document is at the discretion of the user for programs that have been funded prior to the issue of the document. The Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) can mandate the use of this document for programs started before the issue date of this document, if funding is provided.

The interface between contractor owned equipment or electronic equipment not used for operational purposes (administrative local area network (LAN). administrative telephone, etc.)

and the operational facility shall be in accordance with this document.

1.2 Purpose

The requirements of this standard provide a systematic approach to minimize electrical hazards to personnel. electromagnetic interference and damage to facilities and electronic equipment from lightning. transients. ESD. and power faults.

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 Government Documents

Due to the continuous updating of Government documents. the Contracting Officer and/or the Implementation Engineer must specifY the version current at contract award or project design These documents form a part of this standard and are applicable to the extent specified elsewhere in this document. Ifconflicts occur between these documents and the contents of this standard.

the contents of this standard provide the superseding requirements.

FAA Specifications

FAA-C-1217

FAA-G-2100

NAS-SS-IOOO

FAA Orders

Order 6950. 19

Order 6950.20

Electrical Work. Interior Electronic Equipment. General Requirements Functional and Performance Requirements for the National Airspace Air Traffic Control Element

Practices and Procedures for Lightning Protection, Grounding, Bonding and Shielding Implementation Fundamental Considerations of Lightning Protection.

Grounding. Bonding and Shielding

(Copies of these specifications, standards, orders, and other applicable FAA documents may be obtained from the Contracting Officer issuing the invitation-for-bids or request-for-proposals.

Requests should fully identifY material desired. i.e. specification. standard. amendment. drawing numbers and dates. Requests should cite the invitation-for-bids. request-for-proposals. the contract involved. or other use to be made of the requested materiaL)

Military Documents

MIL-HDBK-232

MIL-HDBK-237

MIL-HDBK-253

DOD/MIL-HDBK-263

DOD-STD-1686

MIL-HDBK-419

MIL-PRF-87893

Revision A Red/Black Engineering-Installation Guidelines Electromagnetic Compatibility Management Guide for Platforms. Systems and Equipment Guidance for the Design and Test of Systems Protected Against the Effects of Electromagnetic Energy Electrost~tic Discharge Control Handbook Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts. Assemblies and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices) Grounding. Bonding. and Shielding for Electronic Equipment and Facilities Performance Specification, Workstations. Electrostatic Discharge Control

MIL-W-87893

MIL-STD-46I

MIL-STD-889

MIL-STD-1686

ACSIM 5203

Military Specification, Workstations, Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control The Control of Electromagnetic Interference Emissions and Susceptibility Dissimilar Metals Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies, and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices) Guidelines for Facility Design and Red/Black Installation (Confidential Document)

Single copies of Military specifications, standards, and handbooks may be requested by mail or telephone from Document Automation and Production Service Customer Service, Standardization Documents Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 40 Philadelphia, PA 191 I I-5094 or via dodssp.daps.dla.miJ. ot more than five items may be ordered on a single request; the Invitation for Bid or Contract Number should be cited where applicable. Only latest revisions (complete with latest amendments) are available: slash sheets must be individually requested. Request all items by document number.

2,2 Non-Government Doeuments Due to the continuous updating ofNon-Government documents, the Contracting Officer and/or the Implementation Engineer must specify the version current at contract award or project design unless a specific version is called out in the requirements of this standard These documents form a part of this standard and are applicable to the extent specified herein. While this standard may exceed the requirements of the following documents. ationally required practices shall always be performed as a minimum.

Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)

EIA Standard EIA-625 Requirements for Handling Electrostatic-Discharge-Sensitive (ESDS) Devices

Requests for copies ofEIA Standards should be addressed to Electronic Industries Alliance.

Corporate Engineering Department, 2500 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington. VA 2220 I or telephone 703907-7500. www.eia.org

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

NFPA 70

NFPA 77

NFPA 780

National Electrical Code ( EC) Static Electricity Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems

Requests for copies ofNFPA documents should be addressed to the National Fire Protection Association, One Batterymarch Park. Quincy MA 02269. www.nfpa.org

Underwriters Laboratories. Inc. (UL)

UL 96

UL 96A

UL 779(ANSI-AI48.1)

UL 1449

Lightning Protection Components Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection Systems Electrically Conductive Floorings Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors

Requests for copies of UL documents should be addressed to Global Engineering Documents, 1500 Inverness Way, East Englewood. CO 80112. Telephone 303 397-7945,800 854-7179.

www.ul.com

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

ANSI/IEEE C62.41

ANSI/I EEE C62.45

ANSI/IEEE 1100

Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low Voltage AC Power Circuits IEEE Guide on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to Low Voltage AC Power Circuits Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Sensitive Electronic Equipment (Emerald Book)

Requests for copies of IEEE documents should be addressed to Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway. NJ 08855-9916.

www.ieee.org

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Association Documents

ESD ADV53.1

ANSI/ESD S4.1

ANSI/ESD S7.1

ANSI/ESD S8.1

ANSI/ESD SII.II

ANSI/ESD S20.20

ANSI/ESD STM5.1

ANSI/ESD STM 12.1

ESD TR20.20

ESD Protective Workstations Worksurfaces - Resistance Measurements Floor Materials, Characterization of Materials Symbols - ESD Awareness Surface Resistance Measurement of Static Dissipative Planar Materials Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts. Assemblies and Equipment Sensitivity Testing, Human Body Model (HBM). Component Level Seating - Resistive Measurement Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts. Assemblies and Equipment - Handbook

Requests for copies of ESD Association documents should be addressed to the ESD Association.

7900 Turin Road, Bldg 3, Suite 2, Rome, NY 13440-2069. Telephone 315 339-6937.

www.esda.org

3 DEFINITIONS

3.1 Access Well

A covered opening in the earth using concrete. clay pipe or other wall material to provide access to an EES connection.

3.2 Air Terminal

That component of a lightning protection system specifically designed to accept lightning strikes.

3.3 Armored Cable

Power. signal. control or data cable having an overall armor or covering constructed of Ferrous (steel) material that provides both structural protection and electromagnetic shielding For direct buried cables.

3.4 Arrester

Components. devices or circuits used to attenuate. suppress. limit. and/or divert adverse electrical (surge and transient) energy. The terms arrester. suppressor and protector are used interchangeably except that the term arrester is used herein For components. devices and circuits at the service disconnecting means.

3.5 Bond

The electrical connection between two metallic surFaces used to provide a low resistance path between them.

3.6 Bond, Di rect

An electrical connection utilizing continuous metal-to-metal contact between the members being joined.

3.7 Bond, Indirect

An electrical connection employing an intermediate electrical conductor between the bonded members.

3.8 Bonding

Thejoining of metallic parts to Form an electrically conductive path to assure electrical continuity and the capacity to conduct current imposed between the metallic parts.

3.9 Bonding Jumper

A conductor installed to assure electrical conductivity between metal parts required to be electrically connected.

3.10 Branch Circuit

The circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the load served.

3.11 Building

The fixed or transportable structure which provides environmental protection.

3.12 Bulkhead Plate

A metallic plate located where conduits. conductor, waveguides etc first enter the facility. The bulkhead plate provides a central point for the grounding of conduits. conductors and waveguides entering the facility or structure.

3.13 Cabinet

An enclosure designed either for surface mounting or nush mounting and is provided \\ ith a frame. mat. or trim in which a swinging door or doors are or can be hung.

3.14 Cable

A fabricated assembly of one or more conductors in a single outer insulation. Types include axial, armored and shielded.

3.14.1 Cable, AC (not the same as armored (DEB) cable)

Type AC cable is a fabricated assembly of insulated conductors in a nexible metallic enclosure.

3.14.2 Cable, Armored Direct Earth Burial (DEB)

Cable with a ferrous shield designed to provide both physical and electromagnetic protection to the conductors.

3.14.3 Cable, Axial

Cable where all conductors are oriented on a single axis. Examples include coaxial, biaxial. and triaxial cables

3.14.4 Cable, Shielded

Cable with a metalized or braid shield to improve resistance to electromagnetic illlerference

(EM I).

3.15 Case

A protective housing for a unit or piece of electrical or electronic equipment.

3.16 Catenary Wire

A catenary lightning protection system consisting of one or more overhead ground wires and supporting masts.

3.17 Chassis

The metal structure that supports the electrical or electronic components which make up the unit or system.

3.18 Clamp Voltage

Clamp voltage is the voltage that appears across the SPD terminals when the suppressor is conducting a surge or transient current.

3.19 Conductor, Bare

An electrical conductor that has no covering or electrical insulation.

3.20 Conductor, Insulated

An electrical conductor encascd within material of composition and thickness recognized by the NEC as electrical insulation.

3.21 Conductor, Lightning Bonding (Secondary)

An electrical conductor used to bond a metal object. within the zone of protection and subject to currents induced by lightning strikes. to the lightning protection system.

3.22 Conductor, Lightning Down

The down conductor serves as the path to the earth grounding system from the roof system ofair terminals and roof conductors or from an overhead ground wire.

3.23 Conductor, Lightning Main

The main conductors are the conductors intended to carry lightning currents between air terminals and ground terminations. These can be the roof conductors interconnecting the air terminals on the roof. the conductor to connect a metal object on or above roof level that is subject to a direct lightning strike to the lightning protection system. or the down conductor.

3.24 Conductor, Lightning Roof

Roof conductors interconnecting all air terminals to form a two-way path to ground from the base of each air terminal.

3.25 Crowbar

The term "crowbar" refers to a method of shorting a surge. voltage. or current using surge protective devices.

3.26 Earth Electrode System (EES)

A network of electrically interconnected rods. plates. mats. piping. incidental electrodes (metallic tanks. etc.) or grids installed below grade to establish a low resistance contact with earth.

3.27 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

Any emitted. radiated. conducted or induced voltage which degrades. obstructs. or interrupts the desired performance of electronic equipment.

3.28 Electronic Multipoint Ground System

An electrically continuous network consisting of interconnected ground plates. equipment racks.

cabinets. conduit junction boxes. raceways, duct work. pipes. copper grid system. building steel.

and other non-current-carrying metal elements. It includes conductors. jumpers and straps that connect individual items of electronic equipment to the SRP or MPG system.

3.29 Electronic Single Point Ground (SPG) System

An SPG signal reference network provides a single point reference in the facility for equipment that requires single point grounding. It consists of conductors. plates and equipment terminals.

all ofwhich are isolated from any other grounding system except at the main ground plate.

3.30 Enclosed Ferrous Cable Tray

A cable tray with sleel sides and bottom with a steel cover or lid. This tray may have small holes and gaps.

3.31 Equipment Areas

Areas that contain electronic equipment used to support NAS operation. These include electronic equipment rooms, TELCO rooms, VORs, Radars etc.

3.32 Equipment Grounding Conductor

The conductor with the phase and neutral conductors used to connect non-current-carrying metal pans of equipment. raceways. and other enclosures to the system grounded conductor and/or to the grounding electrode conductors at the main service disconnecting means or at the point of origin (Xo bond) ofa separately derived system.

3.33 Equipment

A general term including materials. fittings. devices. appliances. fixtures. apparatus. machines.

etc. used as a pan of. or in connection with. an electrical installation.

3.34 Facility Ground System

Consists of the complete ground system at a facility including the EES . SRP or MPG system, electronic single point ground system (SPG), equipment grounding conductors. grounding electrode conduclor(s), and lightning protection system.

3.35 Faraday Cage

A closed conducting surface. such as wire mesh. completely surrounding an object or person so as to protect from impinging electromagnetic waves.

3.36 Feeder

All circuit conductors between the service equipment or the source ofa separately derived system and the final branch circuit overcurrent device.

3.37 Ferrous Conduit

Material composed of and/or containing iron. Rigid Galvanized Steel Conduit (RGS) thick walled threaded conduit (NEC Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC)). For the purpose of this document.

conduits not adequate for magnetic shielding include Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT).

Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC) and conduits made from silicon bronze and stainless steel.

3.38 Fitting, High Compressioo

See "Pressure Connector".

3.39 Ground

A conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, between an electrical circuit or equipment and the earth, or to some conducting body that serves in place of the earth.

3.40 Grounded Conductor

A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded at the service disconnecting means or at the source of a separately derived system. This grounded conductor is the neutral conductor for the power system.

3.41 Grounded

Connected to earth through a connection of sufficiently low impedance and having sufficient current carrying capacity so that fault current which occurs cannot build up to voltages dangerous to personnel.

3.42 Grounding Conductor

A conductor used to connect equipment or the grounded circuit of a Wlflllg system to the grounding electrode system. (In this standard, grounding conductors not related to or not used as part of NEC required electrical systcm grounding, arc used for the electronic equipment grounding system).

3.43 Grounding Electrode

Copper rod. plate or wire embedded in the ground for the specific purpose of dissipating electric energy to the earth.

3.44 Grounding Electrode Conductor

The conductor used to connect the grounding electrode to the equipment grounding conductor and/or to the grounded (neutral) conductor of the facility at the service disconnecting means or at the source ofa separately derived system.

3.45 High frequency

All electrical signals at frequencies greater than 100 kilohertz (kHz). and pulse and digital signals with rise and fall times of less than 10 flS are classified as high frequency signals.

3.46 Horizontal Transitions

Architectural term used to describe horizontal elements in a vertical structure (floors stair landings, etc.).

3.47 Jordan Dissipation Plate Design

Based on original design from W. Jordan FAA OKC.

3.48 Landline

Any conductor. line or cable installed externally above or belo\\ grade to…