Att_2_Design_Narrative_DOWL.pdf

Replace Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Headquarters with a New Administration Office and Visitor Center Facility

TULE LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

HEADQUARTERS

Replace Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Headquarters

Prepared for:

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

911 E. 11th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97232

Prepared by:

4041 B Street

Anchorage, Alaska 99503

645 G Street, Suite 400

Anchorage, Alaska 99501

March 2021

Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Headquarters Replace Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Headquarters March 2021

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SUMMARY

1.1 General Context

1.2 Basic Design Strategy

1.3 Project Goals

1.4 Protection of Birds

1.5 Building Layout-

1.6 Exterior Aesthetic-

1.7 Interior Aesthetic-

1.8 Space Breakdown-

1.9 Betterments:

1.10 Base Bid-

1.11 Signage, versus building aesthetic. ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.12 Site Inventory and Analysis ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.13 Climate

1.14 Transportation ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.15 Site Access

1.16 Alternative Energy Sources

1.17 Energy and Sustainability Goals .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.18 Regulatory Requirements

2.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

2.1 General Building Description

2.2 Office Building

2.3 Visitor Center

2.4 Patio Canopy Structure

2.5 Mechanical Systems

2.6 Electrical Systems

2.7 Power:

2.8 Lighting:

2.9 Grounding:

3.0 SITE DESIGN

3.1 Existing Conditions/Demolition

3.2 Site Layout and Grading

3.3 Utilities

3.4 Pedestrian Circulation

3.5 Landscaping

APPENDICES

Appendix A: EXHIBITS Appendix B: COST ESTIMATES

Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Headquarters Replace Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Headquarters March 2021

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ACRONYMS

ABA ....................................................................................................... Architectural Barriers Act ADA ................................................................................................ American with Disabilities Act A-E ........................................................................................................ Architectural-Engineering AHU ................................................................................................................... Air Handling Unit ASHP ....................................................................................................... Air Source Heat Pumps ASHRAE ..........American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

BAS ................................................................................................... building automation system CDX ............................................................................................... delete (it is a type of plywood) CEQA ....................................................................... California Environmental Quality Act review CMU ......................................................................................................... Concrete Masonry Unit EPACT ................................................................................................. Energy Policy Act of 2005 FC ............................................................................................................................ Foot Candles IDS ..................................................................................................... Intrusion Detection System IESNA ............................................................. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America KAIC ................................................................................................................. short circuit rating LED ................................................................................................................ Light emitting diode LEED ................................................................ Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design mph ........................................................................................................................ miles per hour NEMA .................................................................... National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEPA ....................................................................................... National Environmental Policy Act NPDES ............................................................. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NWR ....................................................................................................... National Wildlife Refuge OSB ............................................................................................... delete (oriented strand board) PACS ......................................................................................... Physical Access Control System psf .............................................................................................................. pound per square foot PV ............................................................................................................................ Photo voltaic PVC .................................................................................................................... polyvinylchloride U.S. ......................................................................................................................... United States USFWS ............................................................................ United States Fish and Wildlife Service UST ..................................................................................................... underground storage tank VAV .............................................................................................................. Variable Air Volume VFDs .................................................................................................... Variable Frequency drives VSS .................................................................................................... Video Surveillance System

1.0 SUMMARY

Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) provides habitat for migrating birds and recreational opportunities such as bird watching, photography, hiking, and hunting. The current Refuge Headquarters has a failing construction system that has been deemed beyond repair. The existing 5,570-square foot facility was constructed in 1981 and has been updated to the extent possible without undertaking a costly renovation to complete remediation for the construction and seismic deficiencies.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) contracted Architectural-Engineering (A-E) services that developed strategies for an alternate project site across the highway for the Headquarters Facilities. The current building will remain functional until the replacement building is occupied. The A-E has provided programming and schematic designs for a two-step strategic Design-Build approach for a Headquarters/Visitor Center project – construction of the new facility followed by demolition of the existing building.

The goal of the A-E schematic package was to design and document innovative solutions that will evolve into a well-planned, energy saving, and quality office environment for the Refuge’s Headquarters. A-E design documentation is furnished for the future design/build construction solicitation. Specific A-E goals for construction were:

• Fix and define the size, notional structural systems, engineering for utility requirements, and character of the project.

• Allow for building systems design at 30 percent more energy efficient than the current American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

(ASHRAE) and the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Standard 90.1, entitled, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings per Section 109 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT) and Executive Order 13990. The building energy modeling is required. The ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides can be found here to assist the designer in meeting the 30% value:

https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/aedgs.

• USFWS buildings characterized as Administrative Offices, Visitor Centers, and certain other buildings with a construction cost over $2 million or sized equal or greater than 5,000 square feet must be designed to be eligible for a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification at the “Silver” level or above.

• Prepare an engineer’s opinion of probable construction cost, based on FY2021 dollars.

Beyond the goals of the A-E team, the user group had Critical Success Factors that they felt would be key for the project:

• Provide a welcoming, branded and modern design that is easily visible from the road.

• Use a high desert color palette with native sage-steppe landscaping.

• Provide a main entrance into the Visitor Center with a separate administrative office entrance.

• Provide a classroom with sinks, counters, and storage, accessible from the Visitor Center with a deck that opens onto the marsh. Decking will double as additional classroom space. Classroom and deck can be used for hunt orientation and other public meetings.

• Visitor Center staff should be able to greet visitors from the front and the views connect to the marsh beyond.

• Provide clear access to Sheepy Ridge trailhead across the highway.

1.1 General Context

Tule Lake NWR is managed as part of the Klamath Basin NWR Complex. An NWR Complex is an administrative grouping of two or more refuges, wildlife management areas, or other refuge conservation areas that are primarily managed from a central office location. Refuges are grouped into a complex structure because they occur in a similar ecological region, such as a watershed or specific habitat type, and have a related purpose and management needs.

Typically, a complex manager oversees the general management of all refuges within the complex and refuge managers are responsible for operations at specific refuges. Supporting staff, composed of administrative, law enforcement, refuge manager, biological, fire, visitor services, and maintenance professionals, are centrally located and support all refuges within the complex.

Other refuges in the Klamath Basin NWR Complex include: Bear Valley NWR, Upper Klamath NWR, Klamath Marsh NWR, Lower Klamath NWR, and Clear Lake NWR. The Refuge Complex headquarters is located in the existing building (to be demolished at project completion) at 4009 Hill Rd, Tulelake, California.

1.2 Basic Design Strategy

The character and function of the replacement building are represented graphically with drawings illustrating the preferred designs for the new development. Electronic sketches, 3D renderings, and/or other conceptual presentation materials are furnished to depict the final design concepts.

In general, the building is set to one corner of the available development area and separated into two simple shed-roof forms, defined by their public and private programs. The larger form houses the headquarters offices, and the slightly smaller form houses the Visitor Center and classroom. The sheds are configured in opposite directions for each mass - the Visitor Center ceiling/roof “expands” up to view the open refuge, the office ceiling/roof “expands” to view the main highway and Sheepy Ridge. There is a covered gathering deck between the building volumes that will function as a plaza for outdoor learning and gathering.

Parking is clustered at the opposite side of the development area (to the North) and, along with a school bus drop-off, brought up to the front door, which is the north end of a north-south elongated orientation. The intent is that the Visitor Center is highly visible from the main highway without being obscured by parked cars.

The contract A-E has verified major visitor space requirements through interviews and work sessions with Refuge staff and has identified connections for utilities, site characteristics, and special considerations regarding local authorities and codes where applicable. The contract A/E has also developed basic material specifications, to establish the baseline quality level for the building. The contract A-E has also provided a list of all federal, state, county, and local permits required for the project. They have also furnished this description/narrative for the new facility.

The goal of this schematic design package is to provide presentation of design concepts for future design refinement and for use in any required National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), State, and local authority’s interface. The identified location for these structures has been the across the road from the Tule Lake NWR site located at 4009 Hill Rd, Tulelake, California 96134.

Monument signage will be relocated from the old site to the new site. Paved parking and walkways are to be provided at the facility. The building will be designed to a net zero annual electric energy consumption standard and will be eligible for LEED Silver certification.

Utilities including electric power, potable water, and communications are included in the project program. An on-site sewage disposal system, along with fire protection water extension will be constructed.

The USFWS construction budget for the project is $5,690,000.00.

1.3 Project Goals

USFWS goals for the project assist with furthering their mission of conservation, education, and resource management. In support of the refuge’s mission, the new multi-purpose facility will provide much needed office space for staff and act as a hub for visitor activities. The multi-purpose building will contain exhibit space, conference and classroom space, including interpretive and environmental education programs. Special outdoor education and interpretive tours will originate from this location. The goal of the new facility is to welcome and orient visitors to the refuge while fostering an environmental consciousness and land stewardship. The intent of the buildings is to be the first stop for visitors and various groups seeking orientation and site interpretation. Exhibits in the building and on programs on the site will help educate visitors about refuge habitats, wildlife, natural resource conservation, and provide a history of the site.

The Tule Lake NWR is a national wildlife refuge of the United States (U.S.) in northern California near the Oregon border. It covers 39,116 acres in the Tule Lake basin. It is part of the Klamath Basin NWR Complex and is a crucial part of the Pacific Flyway corridor for migratory birds.

The refuge was established in 1928 by President Calvin Coolidge to preserve habitat for birds and other animals. It is a staging area for migrating waterfowl such as the greater white-fronted goose, snow goose, Ross's goose, and cackling goose. The refuge's waterways are inhabited by endangered fish species such as the Lost River sucker and short-nose sucker.

Local habitat types include uplands vegetated with grasses and shrubs such as sagebrush, and wetlands such as marshes. The refuge also includes about 19,000 acres of cropland leased to growers. Crops include potato, onion, horseradish, alfalfa, and cereals. Recreation opportunities and public services include wildlife viewing and photography, education, and hunting.

1.4 Protection of Birds

This topic was raised in work sessions, and is the springboard for other, relevant design strategies of meaning to the refuge staff. Of crucial importance is the presence on-site of hundreds of thousands of migratory birds. As an element in the natural landscape, buildings (more specifically: windows in buildings) represent significant bird-strike hazards where windows occur. Up to about 1 billion birds die from window strikes in the U.S. each year, according to a 2014 study. For birds, glass windows are worse than invisible. By reflecting foliage or sky, they look like inviting places to fly into. And because the sheer number of windows is so great, their toll on birds is huge.

Because of the mission of conservation by the staff and the agency, and due to the proximity of substantial bird populations, a mitigation strategy is critical to reduce bird-strike deaths. The existing Visitor Center, for example, employs strands of parachute cord which gently sways in this wind and forms a useful deterrent to flying birds. Other strategies such as off-the-shelf films for windows or specially etched windows for habitats have proven initially successful on similar projects, but evidence exists that the applied films discolor or delaminate over time, and eventually become less effective. This topic was discussed and debated in work sessions and is the reason that the base design is calling for permanent glass treatments rather than applied film for exposed windows.

One aesthetic “theme” that is employed on the new facility is to construct a visually pleasing screen on portions of the exterior. This has the added affect as to acting as an artistic billboard and attracting attention to passers-by. Though not exclusively for bird strike protection, it also forms a point of departure for discussions about architecture and birds, and how our actions as “builders” have consequences. Because the art screen is a relatively expensive measure to treat windows, it is only employed for key street-facing identity, with the remainder of windows protected by patterns in the glass.

1.5 Building Layout-

The building is meant to be as uncomplicated as possible, with a minimum of corners. Windows, for the most part are expressed as “punched openings”. The exception would be larger height openings for the open office area, and for the Visitor Center’s tall windows. The building is arranged on a north-south axis, so that the long east and west walls aren’t subjected to the hot south-facing desert sunlight.

1.6 Exterior Aesthetic-

The basic exterior aesthetic is a combination of integrally colored and patterned Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU), contrasted against touches of colored prefinished cement board plank siding. The colors are drawn from the surrounding landscape in order to organically integrate the building into its site. Rather than a brightly painted metal standing seam roof, it is envisioned to be a multi patterned, multi-colored replication of rust as to not stand out visually. The intent is for the new facility to appear as if it has always been in this location for fifty years, with a timeless presentation of color.

1.7 Interior Aesthetic-

One of the important tasks of the design/build architect, is to choose from a design color palette, and create a logical, integrated design that is harmonious on the exterior, and appropriate on the interior. It will be essential for the designer to bring together a scheme that is well integrated, and subject to ultimate approval by the contracting officer (meeting the quality standards contained within the conceptual specifications). Color boards, indicating proposed materials and color choices will be a requirement of the successful team.

1.8 Space Breakdown-

Zones: The overall complex is divided into (2) primary zones:

1. Visitor Services (aka Public)

2. Staff Services (aka Private)

Within these two primary zones, the space components break down further:

Public Wing:

• Entry vestibule

• Visitor orientation/service desk

• “Quiet” contemplative passive space

• Exhibit space (with connection to deck/trails)

• Bathroom/transition space

• Classroom space (with connection to outdoor deck)

• Not shown on plans: air-handling space suspended from structure

Private Wing:

• Entry Vestibule

• (Semi-private) conference room

• Employee break room

• Building services- mechanical and telecom infrastructure

• Employee services - toilet rooms, phone booths, mother’s rooms

• Storage / Resource Library

• Enclosed offices

• Open office pool

• Work/Copy area

• (Optional) storage mezzanine

Narrative space breakdown:

Public Wing:

• Entry vestibule: Walls - standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling - acoustical tile; Floor -tufted walk-off carpet squares with rubber base.

• Space provides transition from outside to inside, while efficiently controlling differences in temperature extremes.

• Visitor orientation/service desk: Walls – standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling - Acoustical

- sloping “cloud” tile; Floor - tufted walk-off carpet squares with rubber base.

Casework/custom desk and signage; plastic laminated standard faces, solid surfaces for countertops.

• Space provides information and orientation. Visual access to exhibits (or classrooms) is important.

• “Quiet” contemplative passive space: Walls- standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling- Acoustical sloping “cloud” tile; Floor- tufted walk-off carpet squares with rubber base.

• Space provides for reflection, reading, viewing with comfortable chairs (furniture NIC).

• Exhibit space (with connection to deck/trails): Walls - standard gypsum with paint;

Ceiling - Acoustical sloping “cloud” tile; Floor - tufted walk-off carpet squares with rubber base.

• Space is for arrangement of floor-standing interpretive exhibits (NIC), as well as available walls. Visitors should have logical circulation through, with option to continue to outside deck and trails, or back through entry/exit.

• Bathroom/transition space: Walls - standard gypsum with paint and ceramic tile wainscot; Ceiling - Acoustical tile; Floor - ceramic tile. Janitor closet may have linoleum floor with integral base and fiber reinforced plastic wainscot.

• Space should be easily accessed from entry, exhibits, and classroom.

• Classroom space (with connection to outdoor deck) and associated storage: Walls -standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling - Acoustical tile; Floor - natural cork plank with rubber base; casework- standard plastic laminated; countertop - laboratory solid resin.

One wall set up for video/media.

• Space to accommodate educational programs with up to 30 students. Should open to outdoor deck for outdoor lectures.

• Not shown on plans: air-handling space suspended from structure (provide adequate maintenance access).

Private Wing:

• Entry Vestibule: Walls - standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling - acoustical tile; Floor -tufted walk-off carpet squares with rubber base.

• Space provides transition from outside to inside, while efficiently controlling differences in temperature extremes.

• (Semi-private) conference room: Walls - standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling - acoustical tile; Floor - natural cork plank with rubber base; one wall set up for video/media.

• Space to accommodate conferences (both private and occasionally public) for up to twenty people.

• Employee break room: Walls - standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling - Acoustical tile;

Floor- linoleum sheet with integral base detail; casework- standard plastic laminated;

countertop- solid surface. Appliances- refrigerator, range, counter sink, seating for six at table(s).

• Building services - mechanical and telecom infrastructure: Walls - painted gypsum board (with applied plywood ad appropriated to accommodate wall -mounted equipment);

Floors - sealed concrete with rubber base; ceilings - exposed structure.

• Space to efficiently house building services.

• Employee services- toilet rooms, phone booths, mother’s rooms: Walls - standard gypsum with paint, provide ceramic tile wainscot; Ceiling - Painted gypsum; Floor -ceramic tile with cove base; countertop (in phone/mother’s) - solid surface. Mother’s room to have under-counter refrigerator.

• Space intended to be mop-able, and easily maintained.

• Storage/Resource Library: Walls - standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling - acoustical sloping “cloud” tile; Floor - carpet squares with rubber base.

• Space intended to be acoustically neutral and maintained similar to office areas.

• Enclosed offices: Walls - standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling - Acoustical grid tile; Floor

- carpet squares with rubber base.

• Space intended to be acoustically neutral and maintained with regular vacuuming.

• Open office pool: Walls - standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling - acoustical sloping “cloud” tile; Floor - carpet squares with rubber base.

• Space intended to be acoustically neutral and maintained similar to private office areas.

• Work/Copy area: Walls - standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling - acoustical sloping “cloud” tile; Floor - carpet squares with rubber base; casework - plastic laminated with solid surface countertop

• Space intended to be acoustically neutral and maintained similar to office areas

• Storage mezzanine: Walls- standard gypsum with paint; Ceiling- sloping painted gypsum board; Floor- carpet squares with rubber base

1.9 Betterments:

The volatility of pricing and availability of different labor and materials, during a global pandemic, hurricanes in the southeast, and wildfires in the west have caused the project leadership to structure the project in a loosely-constrained manner to allow maximum flexibility in meeting program and budget. We’ve constrained the “must have” items, while leaving great leeway for meeting the overall desires of the refuge. It is the government’s intent that, in addition to “base bid items,” the design/builder may configure the project to contain a quantity of “betterments” to achieve a best-value approach. Therefore, the proposal on may contain quality measures for additional added items, at the discretion of the competing team.

Also, since the project budget will be revealed in advance of proposals, the innovative design/builder may highlight design features that exceed the quality or utility of the included base specifications, and identify other “betterments” that may be of value to the Government, whether it be increased program, increased building quality, increased energy reduction, or reduced maintenance and life-cycle cost..

1.10 Base Bid

• As documented on drawings

AV: classroom, conference, Accessible. Easy maintenance. Wiring in the ceiling for projectors. Floor outlets at classroom to provide power at desks.

Identified Betterments/OPTIONS: reference the Bid Schedule

1.11 Climate

Precipitation – On average, the Tulelake area receives about 88 days of recordable precipitation annually. This precipitation breaks down into 13 inches of rain annually, and 25 inches of snow per year. Both fall below the U.S. average.

Wind – Tulelake is not overly windy, it predominantly faces an average of a seven mile per hour (mph) northern wind wit gusts over 45 mph.

Sun – Tulelake experiences an average of 300 sunny days per year, with an average July high temperature reaching 86 degrees Fahrenheit, and an average January low of 22 degrees Fahrenheit.

1.12 Site Access

Hill Road is currently a two-lane asphalt highway that carries travelers to the popular National Park Service destination of Lava Beds National Monument. The anecdotal observation is that a majority of travelers are “passing by” so it was a project goal to create something of visual interest, to cause these vacationing travelers to pull-off for exploration and learning. This would act to extend outreach and enhance visitation numbers.

1.13 Alternative Energy Sources

It is a goal of the USFWS to build net-zero energy buildings. Opportunities listed below for consideration illustrate some of the alternatives that the design team will consider.

• Solar - photovoltaic panels to operate all or portions of the mechanical or electrical system e.g. solar power to heat water, run lights in parking lot, or at other locations in building.

This project has many, different ways of promoting sustainability, with building energy efficiency being a large component. To achieve this goal, several energy conservation measures will be considered including but not limited to:

• Natural ventilation for cooling

• Radiant heated floors for heating

• Highly efficient central Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHP)

• Elevated temperatures on the ASHP

• Heat recovery ventilators

• High performance building envelope

• High efficiency lighting

Additional sustainability goals may be met by reducing potable water demands and reducing the extent of storm water runoff beyond code requirements.

1.14 Regulatory Requirements

Compliance and/or Permitting with the following Agencies or Jurisdictions may be required for this project. This list may not be supplemented, pending the completion of the design.

Siskiyou County

1. New building - Building permit (Community Development Department)

2. New driveway - Encroachment permit (Road Department)

3. Installation of a septic tank or drain field with design flow of less than 3,500 gallons per day: Permit to Construct or Repair Individual Sewage Disposal System (Department of Health)

EPA

1. NEPA to be completed by the Refuge Staff.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife

1. Compliance with California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)

Compliance and/or Permitting with California State Water Resources Control Board Regulation

1. Clearing & grading area of 1 acre or more - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) general permit (Stormwater Program)

2. Own or operating an Underground Storage Tank (UST) containing petroleum and other regulated substances – UST Program compliance (Division of Water Quality)

3. Project provides water to one or more commercial connections for human consumption:

Domestic Water Supply Permit (Drinking Water Programs)

4. Working near or in wetlands, areas that are transitional between open water and uplands or areas that are periodically inundated or saturated – Clean Water Act: Water Quality Certification and Wetlands Requirements (Division of Water Quality)

2.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

The structural design of the buildings comprising the Tule Lake HQ and VC will comply with the 2018 International Building Code and ASCE 7-16, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. Based on these code documents and information obtained directly from Siskiyou County, California, the following design parameters will be used in completing the structural design of all structures within the complex:

1. Building Construction Type and Risk Category is Type VB and Category II respectively.

2. Minimum Roof Live Load = 20 pound per square foot (psf).

3. Roof Snow Load = 40 psf.

4. Assembly and Storage Floor Live Load = 100 psf.

5. Office Area Live Load = 50 psf.

6. Wind Loading will be based on a wind velocity of 115 mph per Siskiyou County, Exposure C.

7. Seismic Design is based on soils classified at Site Class E by the Geotechnical Engineer. Despite the soft soils, a site-specific ground motion analysis is not necessary based on Exception 3 of Section 11.4.8 of ASCE 7. Spectral Accelerations and Seismic Design Category is as follows:

a. SDS = 0.759

b. SD1 = 0.585

c. Seismic Design Category = D

8. Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity pa = 600 psf

2.1 General Building Description

The office wing portion of the complex consists of a single-story building having approximately 4,424 square feet on the ground floor with a 1,005 square foot storage area on a mezzanine level. A separate visitor center to the north consists of a single-story building enclosing 3,220 square feet of floor area. Both buildings have a shed roof that is about 11 feet above finish floor at the low end and up to 24 feet above finish floor at the opposite end. Between each building is a common patio that is covered with a flat roof having a rough area of about 2,000 square feet.

Structural systems for each building will be similar for reasons of economy and production. A general description of systems is summarized in the following sections of this narrative for each building.

Both building foundations will require soil correction as recommended by the Geotechnical Engineer, Shannon and Wilson. A description of the foundation soil modification is as follows:

1. Sub-excavation of 2.5 feet is to be done under both buildings and the common patio area. The sub-excavated area is to extend a minimum of 3 feet beyond the structure perimeter. The top 6 inches of the exposed subgrade is to be scarified, moist conditioned and compacted to 90 percent maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D1557.

2. Place one (1) layer of a geotextile geogrid (Tensar TX140 or equal) on top of the compacted subgrade.

3. Place and compact a 1-foot layer of aggregate base (AB) course (3/4” minus) over the geogrid and compacted subgrade. Moist condition and compact the AB layer to 90% maximum dry density per ASTM D1557.

4. Place a second layer of geogrid on the compacted AB layer.

5. Place and compact additional lifts of AB up to the final footing and slab-on-grade bottom elevation. Please note there will need to be a 6-inch layer of washed gravel immediately below the slab to serve as a capillary break. The minimum thickness of the modified foundation soil section is 3 feet and 0 inches.

2.2 Office Building

Structural systems for the office building can be generally described as:

1. Timber framed roof joists consisting of 22” deep I-joists (Red Built Red I90HS or equal) spaced 2 feet on center and covered with 5/8-inch thick CDX plywood or OSB.

2. Exterior walls consisting of 10” thick CMU walls reinforced and grouted at 16 inches on center with #5 reinforcing steel bars. Horizontal bond beams, joint reinforcement and reinforcing around openings will be provided per code for Special Reinforced Masonry Shear walls in Seismic Design Category D. In general, these elements of reinforcing steel will consist of (2) #4 bars minimum. Bond beams are required at the bottom, top and 4 feet on center over the full height of each wall.

3. Mezzanine floor framing to consist of 20-inch deep manufactured timber I-joists (Red Built RED-I90HS or equal) spaced at 16 inches on center covered with ¾” plywood decking.

4. Immediately above and adjacent the center corridor, structural steel framing will need to be installed to support the east side of the mezzanine floor framing whereas a timber ledger bolted to the masonry wall will suffice on the west side. A total of 1.5 tons of fabricated structural steel will be needed for supporting the mezzanine floor structure and its contents.

5. The building foundation is proposed to be a 5.5-inch thick concrete slab-on-grade with integral grade beams under the load bearing exterior CMU walls. The grade beams will be a minimum of 5 feet wide and 18 inches deep.

6. Individual spread footings will need to be constructed under the mezzanine steel support columns. Quantity and preliminary sizing are as follows:

a. (2) footings 4.5 feet square by 12 inches thick,

b. (1) footing 8 feet square by 12 inches thick, and

c. (2) footings 3 feet square by 12 inches thick.

These footings can be constructed below the main slab-on-grade.

2.3 Visitor Center

Structural systems for the visitor center structure will be very similar to the office building with exception to the lateral load resisting system and roof framing. Because the building has glass curtain walls on three (3) sides (north, south and east), either special steel moment frames or special steel concentric braced frames will need to be incorporated into the design on those three (3) walls for supporting vertical and lateral loads. Per ASCE 7 Chapter 12, this building’s lateral load resisting system will consist of a dual system where the wind and seismic loads are transferred to the ground via steel moment or braced frames and the special masonry shear wall on the west side of the building. A summary of the structural systems for this structure is as follows:

1. Roof framing will consist of manufactured timber I-joists (Red Built RED – I45 or equal) spaced 2 feet on center and spanning approximately 13.2 feet between structural steel frames. The wood I-joists will be covered with 5/8-inch thick CDX or OSB sheathing.

2. The structural steel frames supporting the roof framing elements summarized above include five (5) W27x84 wide flange beams having an overall length of about 60 feet.

Column supports are W14x48 wide flange sections. Bracing and details for the moment frames will be part of the final design by the design/build contractor; however, for purposes of completing a preliminary cost estimate, we estimate 20 tons of structural steel for this particular structure.

3. The CMU wall on the west side of the building will need to be designed and constructed similarly to the wall system described for the office building.

4. The building foundation is proposed to be a 5.5-inch thick concrete slab-on-grade with integral grade beams under the load bearing exterior CMU walls. The grade beams will be a minimum of 5 feet wide and 18 inches deep.

5. Individual spread footings will need to be constructed under the structural steel support columns. These footings will need to be at least 7.5 feet square and 12 inches thick and they can be constructed below the main slab-on-grade.

2.4 Patio Canopy Structure

This structure appears to be very simple and straightforward; however, it is important to understand the loading this structure could endure is significant. Said canopy is considerably lower than adjacent roof structures for the office and visitor center structures. As such, the design will need to consider snow drift loading over and above the code prescribed roof snow load of 40 psf. Preliminary estimates indicate the combined snow and snow drift load could be as high as 126 psf. Longer spans of roof joists will need to be placed at closer spacings than the shorter spans. A summary of the structural framing systems are as follows:

1. For roof joist spans of 15 feet up to 22 feet, manufactured timber I-joists having a depth of 11.875 inches, spaced at 1 foot on center will support the anticipated snow drift loading for spans of 9 feet to 15 feet, the same I-joist section will suffice at a 2 foot center to center spacing. Roof sheathing will be 5/8-inch CDX plywood or OSB.

2. The plan layout of the canopy is irregular in shape and will require an intermediate beam and column frame line along the bisector of the canopy between the two (2) structures.

Clear spanning 60 feet will result in an extremely large wide flange beam; thus, it is proposed the beam be designed for at least two (2) 30-foot spans. A W16x67 beam supported on HSS4x4x1/4 steel columns will support the proposed canopy. Other miscellaneous steel framing will be required with an estimated total of 4 tons of fabricated structural steel for this portion of the complex.

3. The area covered by the patio canopy is assumed to be a concrete slab-on-grade having a minimum thickness of 5.5 inches.

4. The structural steel columns will need to be supported on concrete spread footings. A summary of these spread footings, to be constructed below the slab-on-grade, is as follows:

a. (2) footings 7 feet square by 12” thick.

b. (1) footing 12.5 feet square by 12” thick.

c. Up to (3) footings 3 feet square by 12 inches thick.

2.5 Mechanical Systems

Variable Air Volume (VAV) boxes with hot water reheat and diffusers shall serve the spaces.

There will be two Air Handling Unit (AHU) providing the air to the VAV’s. One will be in the mechanical room and the other above the storage room in the exhibit hall, each serving the building they are in. Two condensing units located outside will provide cooling for each AHU.

These units were selected due to their energy efficiency and maintainability. In reviewing locations of nearby mechanical contractors, this type of system will be easy to maintain and cause the least amount of disruption because the maintenance will occur in the mechanical room with minimal access to ceiling spaces above offices.

Thermostats is each space will allow users to control their environment and can encourage them to reduce energy usage. A building automation system (BAS) will control the entire mechanical system. All equipment will be connected and controls by the BAS.

Two electric boilers and distribution pumps shall be provided. The system shall include and expansion tank, air separator, valves and glycol. The piping between buildings shall be in ceiling/canopy and shall be in arctic pipe.

There will be radiant in-floor heat in the building. The system will be served from the boiler with a dedicated pump. A temperature sensor at floor level will maintain the system at 70 degrees and will be adjustable. The controls for the in-floor heat will be supplied by the manufacturer and be separate from the BAS. The BAS will monitor the system for issues.

The systems will go thru Fundamental Commissioning to verify proper installation and operations. It is also recommended the site go thru recommissioning every 4 years to optimize building performance. The energy usage shall be benchmarked annually. This will allow a long equipment life with minimal disruptions and maintenance.

Plumbing fixtures shall be low flow fixtures. An electric water heater shall provide domestic hot water. Since there is no cooling tower or irrigation on this site, the water usage is limited and has been conserved as much as possible. Due to water conditions, a point of use reverse osmosis system will be installed for the domestic water.

Two AHU’s shall be provided in the building provide fresh air to each space, with an exhaust fan completing the ventilation. The amount of fresh air being brought into the building shall meet ASHRAE 55 and 62.1 guidelines.

Refrigerants in the system shall be environmentally friendly R-410A.

There isn’t enough rainfall to effectively collect and use in the building.

Training will be provided on all systems so staff can properly operate building.

2.6 Electrical Systems

The Electrical systems including power, lighting, grounding, photo voltaic (PV) systems and security systems will be designed to allow for the continuous operation of the facility, and 25 percent margin for future loads. The priority of the design is to ensure safety of personnel, protection of the equipment and the facility.

2.7 Power:

The new electrical system will consist of these nominal voltages and configurations of various equipment as stated below:

Convivence Receptacles .......................................................... 120V, 1 Phase, 2 Wire Indoor Lighting ......................................................................... 120V, 1 Phase, 2 Wire Outdoor Lighting ....................................................................... 208V, 1 phase 2 Wire

120V, 1 phase 2 Wire Motors ½ horsepower (HP) or larger ........................................ 208V, 3 phase, 3 Wire

Motors smaller than 1/2HP ....................................................... 120V, 1 phase, 2 Wire

(Note: The wire count does not include the grounding conductor)

The Design-built contractor will at minimum provide, but not limited to:

• (1) Main Distribution Panel (MDP-1) ……208Y/120V, 800A, 3 phase, 4 wire

• (2) Low Power Panels (LP-1, LP-2), 208Y/120V, 200A, 3 phase, 4 wire

• Variable Frequency drives (VFDs) and heavy duty disconnects for each mechanical equipment selected with appropriate National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) rating per location conditions.

• (16) of floor mounted receptacles

• (5) of ceiling mounted receptacles

• Convenience duplex and quadruple receptacles per National Electrical Code (NEC) requirements and as shown in drawings.

• Transformer is assumed that will provided by the local utility 13.8KV to 208Y/120V, 300KVA. Design built contractor to provide transformer pad, trenching and to coordinate with utility to locate and complete the installation of the transformer.

• Electric meters to measure specific loads that meet to LEED requirements.

Design-Built contractor should properly determine the equipment’s short circuit rating (KAIC).

Short circuit calculations and arc flash analysis should be performed using software such as ETAP or SKM Power Tools.

2.8 Lighting:

General criteria for lighting design illumination levels to be obtained in the below tables. All lighting levels shall meet or exceed IESNA standards. The Design Built Contractor will provide lighting calculations using standard lighting software such as Visual Lighting or AGI. Common reflectance factors for standard ceilings and walls may be used as shown below:

• Ceilings: 580 percent

• Walls: 50 percent

• Floors: 20 percent

The new building will have light emitting diode (LED) light fixtures indoor and outdoor. Provide lighting calculations to determine quantity of fixtures per lighting levels shown below:

Area LIGHTING LEVEL MAX/ MIN RATIO Offices 35-45 FC 3:1

Exhibit Lobby 35-45 FC 4:1 Conference Room 30-40 FC 4:1

Classrooms 30-40 FC 4:1 Break Room 20-30 FC 4:1

Mechanical Room 20-30 FC 4:1 IT Room 20-30 FC 4:1 Corridors 20-30 FC 4:1

Restrooms 15-20 FC 4:1 Storage 10-20 FC 4:1

Parking Lot Area 1-5FC N/A

Lighting in conferences, multi-purpose areas, storage spaces, restrooms and corridors will be controlled by dual technology surface/wall mounted occupancy sensors and with dimmer switches that will dim down to 10% of the lighting. Where applicable such as open offices, daylight sensors will be provided instead of occupancy sensors to control light fixtures in the area.

Outdoor light fixtures may be controlled in several ways, such as by a photocell that turns lights on at down and off at dusk, or they may be controlled by a timeclock that turns lights on and off based on a schedule. The design contractor to coordinate with owner for preference of the outdoor lighting controls.

Emergency lighting will be designated based on egress paths determined by architect. Light fixtures may be specified to have battery packs, or an inverter panel may be utilized to feed light fixtures designated for emergency. The design contractor to coordinate with owner for preference of the emergency lighting system. Emergency lighting shall be provided for at least 90 min in the event of power failure, and it should be not be less than an average of 1 Foot Candle (FC), and any point not less than 0.1 FC.

The design-built contractor to provide exit signs per egress path determined during design built and design development beyond 50 percent. The lighting will be provided in the library and exhibit lobby per final furniture layout.

2.9 Grounding:

Provide grounding system consisting of grounding electrode, ground rods and ground busbar in accordance with the NEC. The resistance of the combined grounding system shall be in accordance with the requirements of the NEC. Provide a green insulated ground conductor in each power and lighting branch circuit conduit.

PV System: The design-built contractor to provide small PV system consisting of solar panels, DC/AC disconnects and inverters. The preliminary PV system size is estimated to be 25 % of total connect load (600A) which results to about 50 KW. The design-built contractor to size the PV system per final building loads, and to provide PV system calculations.

Security Systems: The design-built contractor will provide a complete design for Video Surveillance System (VSS), Physical Access Control System (PACS) and Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The design requirement for the three systems mentioned above shall be coordinated with the owner requirements on hardware and locations.

3.0 SITE DESIGN

3.1 Existing Conditions/Demolition

The existing site is reasonably flat but slopes generally to the east. There is a small paved parking area and existing septic system on the site that is to be removed by this project. There is also a vault toilet, which will be relocated to the Sheepy Ridge trailhead. The septic system serves the existing headquarters building and maintenance building across the street and accommodations will need to be made to maintain sewer service to the existing buildings until the new system is operational. There are no other known utilities on the site that will require removal or relocation.

After completion of the new facility, the existing headquarters building including some of its parking area will be demolished.

3.2 Site Layout and Grading

The proposed headquarters building is in the southeast corner of the site in the existing parking area. The design intent is for the building to sit proud, 1 or 2 feet above the existing grade, to make it more visible from the roadway. The remainder of the site will be set as close to existing grade as possible and will maintain the existing drainage pattern to the east. It is anticipated that the stormwater runoff will be managed by surface drainage without need for significant storm drainpipe, or structures.

Driveways and paving will consist of 3 inches of Type A asphalt, over 4 inches of Class 2 aggregate base, over 12 inches of the existing site soil that has been processed by scarification and grading and recompacted. The site has two driveway connections. One on North Dike Road to the north and one on to Hill Road on the south. 50 20-foot x 10-foot parking stalls are provided for standard vehicles and 4 10-foot x 50-foot stalls are provided for busses or oversized vehicles.

3.3 Utilities

• Water will connect into the existing private water service behind the existing headquarters building. A new 2-inch domestic water service and a new 6-inch fire line will be extended across Hill Road to serve the facility.

• A new on-site septic system will be installed in the landscape area west of the building.

Septic system piping will be -inch polyvinylchloride (PVC) with a minimum bury of 3 feet.

Note that the existing septic system serves the current headquarters building as well as other buildings in the complex. The successful design team will need to maintain the sewer services to all occupied buildings throughout the project.

• Communications will connect to the existing line along the ditch of Hill Road. Coordinate communications connection with Project Leader.

• Electrical service will come from the overhead lines west of the existing headquarters building. The service line will be buried and run from the drop to a new pad mount transformer at the south end of the building.

3.4 Pedestrian Circulation

Pedestrian circulation is planned for visitor movement between the parking areas, buildings, and trailheads. Sidewalks and pathways will be designed to accommodate all abilities and be designed to meet Americans with Disabilities…