PHASE I ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT.pdf

FINAL

PHASE I ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT

MISSOURI RIVER FLOOD DAMAGE AND

DEMOLITION/CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

OFFUTT AFB, NEBRASKA

July 2020

Prepared by

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Omaha District

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 1 of 130

This page was intentionally left blank.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 2 of 130

Environmental Site Assessment Final July 2020

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

Table of Contents

1. Summary

1.1. Background

1.2. Findings

1.3. Opinions

1.4. Conclusions

2. Introduction

2.1. Property Identification

2.2. Purpose

2.3. Contractual Details (Scope of Work)

2.4. Limiting Conditions

2.5. Deviations

2.6. Exceptions

2.7. Significant Assumptions

2.8. Special Terms and Conditions

2.9. Definitions

3. User Provided Information

3.1. Environmental Liens/Activity and Use limitations

3.2. Specialized Knowledge or Experience

3.3. Commonly Known Information

3.4. Degree of Obviousness

4. Records Review

4.1. Physical Setting Sources

4.2. Standard and Additional Environmental Records Sources

4.3. Historical Use Information on the Property and Surrounding Area

5. Site Reconnaissance

5.1. General Site Setting

5.2. Interior and Exterior Observations

5.3. Uses and Conditions of the Property and Adjoining Properties

6. Interviews

6.1. Past and Present Owners and Occupants

6.2. State and Local Government Officials

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 3 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

7. Evaluation

7.1. NC3 Alert Campus

7.1.1. Findings

7.1.2. Opinions

7.1.3. Conclusions

7.2. MILSTAR Satellite Communication Station

7.2.1. Findings

7.2.2. Opinions

7.2.3. Conclusions

7.3. Non-Kinetic Operations Campus

7.3.1. Findings

7.3.2. Opinions

7.3.3. Conclusions

7.4. Security Campus

7.4.1. Findings

7.4.2. Opinions

7.4.3. Conclusions

7.5. Flightline Hangars Campus

7.5.1. Findings

7.5.2. Opinions

7.5.3. Conclusions

7.6. Logistics Readiness Squadron Campus

7.6.1. Findings

7.6.2. Opinions

7.6.3. Conclusions

7.7. Lake Campus

7.7.1. Findings

7.7.2. Opinions

7.7.3. Conclusions

7.8. Additional Investigations, Data Gaps and Deletions

7.9. Environmental Condition of Property

7.10. Statement and Signature

7.11. References

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 4 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

8. Non-Scope Services

8.1. Additional Services

9. Appendices

A – Abbreviations and Acronyms

B – Topographical Maps

C – Aerial Photographs

D – Site Photographs

E – Vapor Intrusion Screening Levels

F – EDR Report (sent separately on request)

List of Figures Figure Title Page

1 Offutt AFB Location 6 2 Flood Affected Areas of Offutt AFB 7 3 Flood Waters Extent 8 4 Division of Flooded Areas 13 5 NC3 Alert Campus 14 5a SD041 in the NC3 Campus 15 6 MILSTAR Campus 16 6a Building 500 UST Location 17 6b Groundwater Plume 17 7 NKO Campus 18 8 Security Campus 19 8a SS040 in SEC Campus 20 8b LF012 and LF042 Locations 22 9 Flightline Hangars Campus 23 10 Logistics Readiness Squadron Campus 25 10a SS040 in LRS Campus 26 11 Lake Campus 27

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 5 of 130

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 6 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT

Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska

July 2020

1. Summary The Missouri River flood of the spring and summer of 2019 inundated the lower areas of Offutt Air Force Base (OAFB) with flood water for months. This southeast section of the base includes: flying and intelligence squadrons, aircraft maintenance facilities, alert facilities, security police facilities, small arms firing range, logistics and fuels activities, hazardous waste storage, recreational areas, working canine kennel, and veterinary services.

Many of the structures in this area are considered unacceptable working accommodations and the decision was made to replace the facilities as necessary. This Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) is in support of the upcoming projects to replace damaged facilities by making determinations of possible contamination by hazardous substances and/or petroleum products of the property undergoing the demolition/construction.

1.1. Background

A Phase I ESA was conducted in support of the proposed project intended to demolish and construct facilities that were damaged beyond repair during the 2019 flood event. This ESA was conducted in accordance with ASTM International (ASTM) E1527-13, “Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process.” The purpose of this practice is to define good commercial and customary practice in the United States of America for conducting an ESA with respect to the range of contaminants within the scope of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (42 U.S.C. §9601) and petroleum products (ASTM 2013).

1.2. Findings

There are six recognized environmental conditions (RECs) on the property for this Phase I ESA. A REC is the presence of any hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the property: (1) due to any release to the environment; (2) under conditions indicative of a release to the environment; or (3) under conditions that pose a material threat of a future release to the environment (ASTM 2013).

There are several Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs) in the project area that include groundwater plumes and landfills. Each REC is identified in Section 1.4.

1.3. Opinions

The groundwater in the project area is very shallow at certain times of the year and contamination is possible in the soil that will be excavated during the demolition and construction phases. Contaminants of concern in the groundwater are trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC). Any contact with groundwater in these plume areas can be considered contaminated material. Additionally, contaminants in groundwater may pose a risk to future receptors via vapor

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 7 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska intrusion. Vapor intrusion mitigation measures will likely be necessary for any buildings planned for construction over the contaminant plume/s.

1.4. Conclusions

I have performed a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment in conformance with the scope and limitations of ASTM Practice E1527 of the flooded area in the spring of 2019 of Offutt AFB, Nebraska (NE), the property. Any exceptions to, or deletions from, this practice are described in Section 2 of this report.

This assessment has revealed no evidence of recognized environmental conditions in connection with the property except for the following:

1. The land use controls (LUC) associated with SD041 and the VC plume in the NC3 Campus constitute a REC.

2. The area identified as SS040, southern plume in the Security Campus, is considered a REC for LUCs.

3. The area identified as LF012 in the Security Campus is considered a REC for the groundwater contamination and LUCs.

4. Area LF042 in the Security Campus, though not identified for construction, is a REC for the restricted area over the landfill.

5. The VC contaminated plume in the Flightline Hangars Campus is a REC considering the demolition and construction in the Flightline Hangars Campus are directly above the plume.

6. The existence of the groundwater plume and designation as SWMU SS040, the entire Logistics Readiness Squadron Campus is considered a REC.

2. Introduction

Figure 1. Offutt AFB Location

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 8 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

2.1. Property Identification

Offutt AFB is adjacent to the city of Bellevue in Sarpy County, Nebraska (NE) which is just south of Omaha along the Missouri River. OAFB is located on the Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills Resource Area, generally characterized by rolling hills and bluffs along the Missouri River. The Loess Hills are a distinctive topographic region found along the alluvial plain of the Missouri River, which comprises small valleys with narrow floodplains and larger valleys with broad bottomlands.

Uplands are occupied by narrow ridges separated by narrow valleys. Two alluvial valleys are present at OAFB, each is occupied by perennial streams, the Papillion Creek and the Missouri River. Valley surfaces are nearly level and total relief for alluvial valleys at OAFB is approximately 25 feet. Papillion Creek flows west of OAFB into the Missouri River southeast of the base. The Missouri River is located east of OAFB and the Missouri River valley is characterized by several small lakes (base lake) formed by dredging to remove sand and gravel.

A dissected terrace is located near the center of OAFB and has a surface elevation between 1,030 and 1,040 feet above mean sea level (msl). This terrace slopes gently down to the southeast to the project area at approximately 950 msl.

The OAFB base lake has approximately 113 surface acres and an average depth of 15 feet. Variations in the elevation of the Missouri River directly affect the lake’s surface elevation. The lake was formed from dredging that supplied material for construction on base (OAFB 2015).

Figure 2. Flood Affected Areas of Offutt AFB

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 9 of 130

2.2. Purpose

The purpose of this ESA Phase I is to inspect and determine the environmental condition of the properties that may contain contamination from hazardous substances or petroleum products for several construction and demolition projects resulting from the permanent damage due to the Missouri River flooding of spring of 2019.

The satellite imagery of OAFB in Figure 3 shows the flooding extent of March 2019. The ESA Phase I area is outlined in blue and still shows the frozen surface of the base lake. Flood waters reached the northwestern boundary of the survey area as the ground elevation rises substantially at that point.

Figure 3. Flood Waters Extent

2.3. Contractual Details (Scope of Work)

The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Scope of Work required the following:

• A review of federal and state regulatory agency databases for the site and the minimum search distance from the site

• Interviews of certain regulatory agencies about environmental conditions at the site and in the vicinity of the site

• A review of the site history through available historical sources (topographic maps, aerial photographs, interviews…)

• Site visits to observe current site conditions for evidence of RECs

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 10 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

• A review of nearby properties to identify the use of hazardous substances or petroleum products

• Interviews with key personnel regarding current and past operation at the facility

• The preparation of the ESA Phase I Report.

2.4. Limiting Conditions

Not knowing what substances were introduced to the property by the flood waters is a limiting condition that only complete project area soil sampling could answer.

2.5. Deviations

There are no cognitive deviations from the Phase I ESA as described in ASTM E1527-13.

2.6. Exceptions

No data, observations, or information collected on the project property were purposely omitted from inclusion into this ESA Phase I report.

2.7. Significant Assumptions

It is assumed that any contamination brought to the property with the flood waters will be confined to the upper twelve inches of the soils of the project area.

The campus borders and locations depicted in the figures are estimated and may not reflect the actual or precise locations.

2.8. Special Terms and Conditions

There are no special terms and conditions for this Phase I ESA.

2.9. Definitions

Controlled REC (CREC): A CREC applies to a site that has reached regulatory closure with the implementation of an engineering control, such as an impermeable cap, and/or an institutional control, such as a deed restriction or property use restriction.

Historic REC (HREC): An HREC is a past release of any hazardous substances or petroleum products that has occurred in connection with the property and has been addressed to the satisfaction of the applicable regulatory authority, without subjecting the property to any required controls (for example, property use restrictions, activity use limitations, institutional controls, or engineering controls). An HREC is not typically a REC. If regulatory standards have changed since the HREC achieved closure, and the data used to close the case indicate the occurrence of chemical constituents that are above their respective regulatory standards, then the HREC will be identified as a REC in the conclusion section of the Phase I ESA Report.

De Minimis Condition, as defined by ASTM E1527-13: A de minimis condition is a condition that generally does not present a threat to human health of the environment and that generally would not be the subject of an enforcement action if brought to the attention of appropriate governmental agencies.

ASTM E1527-13 does not consider de minimis conditions RECs.

Data Gap: A data gap is a lack of or inability to obtain information required by this practice despite good faith efforts by the environmental professional to gather such information. Data gaps may result from incompleteness in any of the activities required by this practice. A data gap is only significant if other information and/or professional experience raises reasonable concerns involving the data gap.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 11 of 130

3. User Provided Information

3.1. Environmental Liens/Activity and Use limitations

Activity and use limitations (AULs) are one indication of a past or present release of a hazardous substance or petroleum products. AULs are an explicit recognition by a federal, tribal, state, or local regulatory agency that residual levels of hazardous substances or petroleum products may be present on the property, and that unrestricted use of the property may not be acceptable (ASTM 2013).

For the purpose of this report, the Department of Defense (DoD) uses the term “LUCs” in lieu of AULs for legal (administrative) and physical (engineering) controls on a property.

3.2. Specialized Knowledge or Experience

No specialized knowledge or experience was provided by the user.

3.3. Commonly Known Information

No commonly known information was provided by the user.

3.4. Degree of Obviousness

The degree of obviousness is high considering SWMUs are established in the area, groundwater contamination has been encountered and remediation for chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons is in progress.

4. Records Review

USACE personnel reviewed federal, state, and local environmental records pertaining to the Phase I ESA study areas at OAFB, NE. In performing this review, USACE used the services of Environmental Data Resources (EDR), a vendor specializing in the search and retrieval of governmental environmental databases. These federal, state, and local databases include information regarding reported hazardous materials use and storage, facilities that treat, store, dispose, or generate hazardous waste, solid waste landfills, transfer stations, and incinerators, leaking underground storage tanks (USTs), discharges of petroleum and other hazardous substances and reported incidents of contamination. The databases conform to the standard record sources identified in ASTM Standard Practice E1527-13.

4.1. Physical Setting Sources

Topographical maps and aerial photograph are provided in Appendices B and C.

4.2. Standard and Additional Environmental Records Sources

The EDR report provides federal and state research data on hazardous materials and petroleum products within one mile of the boundaries of the ESA area. These reports provide; radius map report, recovered government archives, historical reports, certified Sanborn maps, historical aerials, historical city directories, and historical topographic maps.

The Air Force Administrative Record was consulted for information on areas of contamination that could affect the project. This web site stores documents for remediation projects and documents from regulatory agencies.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 12 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

These records provided the data that is compiled in Section 7.

4.3. Historical Use Information on the Property and Surrounding Area According to the aerial photographs in Appendix C, the project property was mainly farmland before the extension of the runway from the conditions of World War II and Martin Bomber manufacturing.

The section of OAFB that was affected by the flood of March 2019 was mainly developed in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s to accommodate the mission of the newly formed Strategic Air Command and the mission of the EC-135 Looking Glass aircraft. During this time the runway was extended to its current length and some building construction occurred in the currently named non-kinetic operations campus.

5. Site Reconnaissance

5.1. General Site Setting

The majority of the buildings in the flood damaged areas are abandoned and deemed unfit for workplace environments due to water damage and possible mold infestation. Buildings required for aircraft operations (aircraft hangars and petroleum. oil, and lubricants [POL] tanks/pumphouses) were determined to be structurally sound and cleaned for use by personnel.

5.2. Interior and Exterior Observations

The scope of this ESA is for external observations only as many of the existing buildings in the flood damaged area will require demolition. Observations were focused on petroleum storage tanks and hazardous material storage.

5.3. Uses and Conditions of the Property and Adjoining Properties The property is used as a military airfield support facility with office buildings, aircraft maintenance hangars, fuel storage and transfer facilities, recreation areas and support facilities. Many of the buildings in this area are high priority assets that have external diesel fuel powered generators for electrical supply in emergency conditions. A groundwater contamination plume of TCE is located under the hangar and bulk fuel storage areas.

Adjoining properties include; flightline, taxiways and runway for aircraft operations, more office and support buildings associated with a military installation, a railroad right-of-way, Papillion Creek, and agricultural land.

6. Interviews

6.1. Past and Present Owners and Occupants

Name Office Comment

Marvin Riedel 55 CES/CEIE

Environmental Compliance Office, 34 years at OAFB.

-There is lead contamination in the berm to the south of the Small Arms Firing Range and a likely landfill underneath the range.

-The Hazardous Waste Storage Facility started out as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Part B Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility and was

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 13 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska converted to a 90 day Conforming Storage Facility in the mid 1990’s. Now the building is considered the Central Accumulation Point for hazardous materials.

Doug Chase 55 CES/CEIE

Environmental Compliance Office, one year at OAFB.

Provided locations of aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) and USTs in the project area. None of the fuel tanks in the flood damage area leaked any fuel, however, one tank at building number 322 had water in the tank. The UST on the south side of building 496 is an emergency tank for the 10,000 gallons of de-icing fluid (non-hazardous substance) stored inside the building should a spill occur.

The UST at building 479 that is on the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures Plan has been closed and removed.

MSgt Garcia 55 LRS/LGRF

POL Supervisor with 18 months at OAFB. There are four 50,000 gallon and one 2,000 gallon emergency USTs that supply fuel to R-11 fuel truck fillstand inside the restricted area. All tanks were tested for water after the flood and all passed. MSgt Garcia is not aware of any fuel spills in the vicinity of building 531.

Jason Teem 55 CES/CEOUI

Water and Fuels Management Supervisor, 16 years at

OAFB.

- Tank #466 in the Logistics Readiness Squadron (LRS) campus is the only bulk storage of gasoline at OAFB.

This tank is scheduled for replacement in the near future.

- The two USTs at the LRS campus are actually catch tanks connected to the secondary containment for the tanker truck offload stations and refueling truck fillstands.

- The Base Lake campus has a sanitary sewer lift station and a pressurized 2 inch sewer line to the main base.

6.2. State and Local Government Officials

Name Office Comment

Yvonne Smith U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) Region 7

January 15, 2020 telephone conversation. EPA Region 7 personnel were at OAFB after the flood for an inspection of the Facility Response Plan. The inspectors noted some tanks took on water from the flood and were overall very impressed with the way base personnel handled the adverse conditions experienced.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 14 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

7. Evaluation The flood damaged areas of OAFB covered in this ESA totals 434 acres and is divided into seven campuses to further distinguish the demolition/construction activities. These campuses and their approximate area, shown in Figure 4, include:

Flightline and Hangars (FLH) Campus, 55 acres, Logistics Readiness Squadron (LRS) Campus, 25 acres, Military Strategic and Tactical Relay (MILSTAR) Campus, 3 acres, Lake Campus, 176 acres, National Command, Control and Communication (NC3) Campus, 82 acres, Non-Kinetic Operations (NKO) Campus, 24 acres, and Security (SEC) Campus, 54 acres.

The investigation into the hazardous material and petroleum product conditions of these campuses is documented in the remainder of this section and reflects the site walks and interviews with key personnel about the conditions before and after the flood event.

Figure 4. Division of Flooded Areas

The evaluations conducted on the property include:

• Several site walks, both solo and escorted,

• Interviews with key base personnel and appropriate off-base personnel, and

• Records reviews.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 15 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

Site walks were conducted in December 2019 and January 2020 at times when there was no snow on the ground. Photographs taken during the site walks are presented in Appendix D. Interviews are recorded in Section 6 of this report. Records reviews include EDR reports, Air Force Administrative records, Real Property records, and spill/release logs.

As stated in Section 3, since this ESA is conducted on DoD property, LUCs are used in lieu of AULs in this report (ASTM 2013).

7.1. NC3 Alert Campus

The NC3 Alert Campus consists of one two-story building used as office space and alert facility with aircrew quarters and several single story buildings used as alert crew quarters with family visitation center, courier station, and recycling center. A circular area containing the four ball fields is considered part of the Lake Campus because of the morale, wellness and recreation (MWR) connections.

Figure 5. NC3 Alert Campus

7.1.1. Findings

Building 470 is a generator building to power building 499. There are two diesel double-walled ASTs attached to this generator and the volumes are 75 gallons for the day tank and 4,000 gallons for extended operations. Building 524 also has an emergency generator with a diesel double-walled AST of 500 gallons. Building 539 is the recycling center and has a used oil double-walled AST of 660 gallons. The Courier Facility in building 541 also has an emergency generator and a 217 gallon diesel double-walled

AST.

The property surrounding building 565 (E-4 hangar) will experience one small building demolition and replacement north of the north corner of the hangar. South of the south corner there are two 50,000 gallon and one 4,000 gallon USTs with diesel fuel for boilers, emergency generators, and fire suppression

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 16 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska pumps. These single-walled USTs are equipped with auto tank gauging systems for leak detection. This hangar is also equipped with an aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) fire suppression system and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination was detected in the surface soil, subsurface soil and groundwater in this area south of the hangar (AERO 2019).

Figure 5a. SD041 in the NC3 Campus

SD041 is the identifier for the SWMU in the NC3 Campus and has a TCE hotspot immediately to the north of building 539 with the higher contamination readings in the shallow groundwater that is between 4 and 13 ft bgs. The preliminary plan for this area indicates building 539 will be demolished and another building constructed at the same location. This location is above a plume of VC and the entire SWMU is subject to the following LUCs as defined in OAFB’s part II RCRA permit:

• Use of the digging permit process to prohibit installation of domestic-type wells. A prohibition on the installation of domestic water wells intended to provide groundwater for human needs related to health, fire control, or sanitation or for domestic livestock.

• A Base Civil Engineering Work Clearance Request required for any land disturbance greater than 6 inches deep.

• Annual visual inspections and pertinent records review are required to track and verify physical use for the LUC.

LUCs will remain in place until the concentrations of the hazardous constituents in groundwater are at levels that will allow for unlimited use/unrestricted exposure (UU/UE) (ARGO 2019).

7.1.2. Opinions

The PFAS contamination in the groundwater will not affect the demolition/construction activities in this campus. The VC plume in the groundwater could pose a vapor intrusion hazard to the new construction.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 17 of 130

7.1.3. Conclusions

The LUCs associated with SD041 and the VC plume constitute a REC.

7.2. MILSTAR Satellite Communication Station

The MILSTAR Satellite Communication Station Campus is located to the southeast of building 500, the former Strategic Command Headquarters. This campus was not affected by floodwaters.

Figure 6. MILSTAR Campus

7.2.1. Findings

There are two 25,000 gallon USTs to the west of the campus that are used to feed the boilers for building 500 (Figure 6a). There is a small rectangular structure in the northern section of the campus that is not identified for demolition at this time.

The northeastern portion of the MILSTAR Campus is within the administrative boundaries of SWMU SS040. The source area of a groundwater plume containing TCE, cis-1,2-DCE, and VC is located approximately 100 feet beyond the northeast corner of the MILSTAR Campus. This plume extends around the eastern side of the MILSTAR Campus and ends approximately 2,000 feet to the southeast. No portion of the plume overlaps with the proposed construction area (see Figure 6b).

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 18 of 130

Figure 6a. Building 500 UST Location

Figure 6b. Groundwater Plume

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 19 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

7.2.2. Opinions

There are no identified soil contamination issues with this area. There is a known groundwater plume to the northeast and east that will not affect construction or demolition operations at this campus.

7.2.3. Conclusions

No RECs are identified in the MILSTAR Campus.

7.3. Non-Kinetic Operations Campus

All existing structures in the NKO Campus, except for building 504, will be demolished at the onset of this project. The buildings are mainly single storied office spaces and replacing was determined to be more economical than repairing.

Figure 7. NKO Campus

7.3.1. Findings

Four storage tanks were identified on the site walk. Of the four tanks, three are diesel ASTs (one of which in building 578 was inaccessible) and one is a diesel UST. No evidence of fuel spills or leaks were noted at the ASTs and managers of the tanks indicated no leaks have been reported from the UST which is also doubled walled for leak protection.

7.3.2. Opinions

There are no known soil and groundwater contamination issues with this area.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 20 of 130

7.3.3. Conclusions

No RECs are identified in the NKO Campus.

7.4. Security Campus

The Security Campus is the area between Butler Boulevard and the south fence of the base with an additional space that incorporates buildings 160, 514, and 592 that are on the north side of Butler Boulevard. All existing buildings with the possible exception of building 592, lift station, will be demolished as the result of the flooding that occurred in March 2019.

Figure 8. Security Campus

7.4.1. Findings

The far west end of this campus there is an underground petroleum pipeline (UGPPL) (red line on Figure

8) that parallels Butler Boulevard on the south and turns to the north east of building 559 to the LRS Campus. Farther to the east are buildings 594 and 564, the central accumulation point for hazardous materials/waste at OAFB. South of the central accumulation point and west of building 593 is a contractors temporary collection point for 55 gallon drums with what appears to be soil from the bore cuttings of an environmental or geotechnical investigation project.

There are several storage tanks in this campus. The satellite communication area, consisting of buildings 542, 598, and 523, has four ASTs and four USTs. There is one AST at building 592 and two ASTs at building 160.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 21 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

Groundwater contamination occurs at the west end of the campus under buildings 594 and 564. This contamination consists of cis-1,2- DCE and VC and seems to end at the ditch that borders the south edge of the base. The SWMU site identified as SS040 southern plume has a solvent source on the east side of building 407 which is located just to the west of the LRS Campus. The contaminants in the southern plume under the SEC Campus are cis-1,2-DCE and VC and will affect the demolition of buildings in the SS040 area (Figure 8a) with the following LUCs:

• A prohibition on digging or excavating below 6 inches within the LUC area without approval from the OAFB Environmental Restoration Program (ERP). A Base Civil Engineering Work Request is required for any land disturbance greater than 6 inches deep.

• A prohibition on installing domestic water wells intended to provide groundwater for human needs related to health, fire control, and sanitation, or for domestic livestock.

Figure 8a. SS040 in SEC Campus

LF012 is located in the central portion of the Security Campus (Figure 8b) and is identified as one of the SWMUs requiring further action under the OAFB Part II RCRA permit. LF012 was originally identified as a refuse and debris landfill and was later determined the landfill was further east: however, solvent contamination was found in both soil and groundwater. In the early 1960s, a liquid oxygen (LOX) facility operated at building 540. Although there are no records that confirm the use of solvents at the LOX facility, it is likely that solvents were used to clean LOX manufacturing equipment and the hose fittings to LOX carts that were used to service the aircraft (ARGO 2019).

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 22 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

As defined in the OAFB Part II RCRA permit, LUCs were implemented at LF012 to prevent exposure to TCE, cis-1,2-DCE, and VC in the soil and groundwater. The primary LUCs for LF012 concerning this ESA include:

• A prohibition on digging or excavating below 6 inches within the LUC area without approval from the OAFB ERP. A Base Civil Engineering Work Request is required for any land disturbance greater than 6 inches deep within the LF012 site boundary.

• A prohibition on installing domestic water wells intended to provide groundwater for human needs related to health, fire control, and sanitation, or for domestic livestock.

• Partial control of access to the site by OAFB fencing.

• Continuation of groundwater monitoring at LF012 to monitor contaminant concentrations. The sampling frequency and analyte list will be determined in an annual EPA-approved ERP work plan.

LUCs will remain in place until the concentration of hazardous constituents in the soil and groundwater are at levels that allow UU/UE (ARGO 2019).

LF042 (Figure 8b) is identified as one of the SWMUs listed in the OAFB Part II RCRA permit requiring further action. The mounded area of LF042 (Red shaded area of Figure 8b.) reportedly operated as a trench and fill landfill around 1968. Material reportedly disposed in the trenches included municipal wastes from the OAFB housing areas, sludge from the wastewater treatment plant, waste solvents, POL materials, contaminated meat, waste paint and thinners, and six mustard gas containers. This area is restricted access only.

LUCs for this area to prevent exposure to TCE, cis-1,2-DCE, and VC in the soil and groundwater include:

• A prohibition on digging or excavation within the fenced landfill, and below 6 inches within the non-fenced portion of the LUC area without approval from the OAFB ERP.

• A Base Civil Engineering Work Clearance Request is required for any land disturbance greater than 6 inches in the non-fenced LUCs area. A prohibition on installing domestic water wells intended to provide groundwater for human needs related to health, fire control, and sanitation, or wells for domestic livestock.

• Maintenance of a restricted-access area surrounded by a 7-foot chain link fence with padlocked gates.

• Permanent signs posted and maintained at the perimeter of LF042 identifying restricted use.

LUCs will be maintained in the designated area outside the fenced landfill until the concentrations of hazardous constituents in the soil and groundwater are at levels that allow

UU/UE (ARGO 2019).

7.4.2. Opinions

Because of its higher elevation, new construction is planned for the property that building 504 now occupies which happens to be in LF012 and on top of a groundwater plume contaminated with TCE, cis- 1,2-DCE, and VC. If the construction occurs, vapor intrusion countermeasures must be utilized as the groundwater is as shallow as 3 feet bgs.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 23 of 130

Figure 8b. LF012 and LF042 Locations

7.4.3. Conclusions

The area identified as SS040, southern plume, is considered a REC for LUCs. The area identified as LF012 is considered a REC for the groundwater contamination and LUCs. Area LF042, though not identified for construction, is a REC for the restricted area over the landfill.

7.5. Flightline Hangars Campus

The FLH Campus contains buildings associated mainly with aircraft maintenance and POL. The aircraft maintenance buildings include the massive Bennie L. Davis Maintenance Facility, building 457, and nose docks 1, 2, and 3, buildings 491, 492, and 493 to support the maintenance functions on the RC-135 mission aircraft. Building 517 is used by the U.S. Navy for aircraft maintenance support of the E-6B Mercury. POL buildings include operations in 584 and 585 and a POL pumphouse in building 531.

7.5.1. Findings

On 29 November 2011 an equipment failure caused approximately 12 gallons of hydraulic fluid to spill north of building 517. Of the 12 gallons, 4 gallons were picked up with absorbents and 8 gallons travelled into a trench drain and into the storm sewer. The hydraulic fluid made it to the waters of the base lake and deemed not a threat to the surface waters. This incident is found in the Emergency Response Notification System Database, incident number 2011996763.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 24 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

There are many fuel tanks in the FLH campus. These ASTs and USTs include:

• Building 531 is a POL pumphouse that will remain operational and has four 50,000 gallon USTs containing jet fuel and a 2,000 gallon diesel UST that is empty and used for spill containment.

• Building 488 houses an emergency generator and has two diesel tanks, one is an attached 366 gallon day tank and a separate 1,000 gallon diesel reserve tank for extended operation.

• Building 496 stores de-icing fluid for use on the aircraft during when the weather dictates. There is a 10,000 gallon emergency catch basin to the south of the building to contain any fluid that might spill.

• Building 584 contains a 20,000 gallon UST emergency catch basin for jet fuel.

• Building 493 (nose dock 3) has two 500 gallon emergency catch basins for hydraulic fluid.

• Building 492 (nose dock 2) has three 360 gallon ASTs for fire suppression pumps.

• Building 517 has a 70 gallon capacity AST for motor oil.

• Building 332 has four 2,000 gallon USTs (jet fuel [2], diesel, and gasoline).

• Building 457 (Bennie Davis Maintenance Facility) contains five ASTs, three are for diesel fuel for emergency generators and boilers, one is a diesel tank for a fire suppression pump, and one is a used oil tank. Three diesel USTs support emergency generators and boilers, two are 20,000 gallons and one is 2,000 gallons.

Figure 9. Flightline Hangars Campus

There is a groundwater contamination plume that originates to the northwest of building 457 and stretches to the southeast to building 492. The contaminant of concern in this plume under the FLH Campus is

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 25 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska vinyl chloride and is identified as area SS040 northern plume. The remediation efforts for this plume is monitored natural attenuation.

LUCs were implemented at SS040 to prevent exposure of construction workers to high concentrations of contaminants that persist in shallow groundwater source areas, and to prohibit the installation of on-base drinking water wells. The primary LUCs for SS040 include:

• A prohibition on digging or excavating below 6 inches within the remaining LUC areas without approval from the OAFB ERP, and a requirement to obtain a Base Civil Engineering Work Clearance Request for any land disturbed greater than 6 inches.

• A prohibition on installing domestic water wells intended to provide groundwater for human needs related to consumption, fire control, and sanitation, or for domestic livestock.

Building 492 is also equipped with an AFFF system and testing for PFAS occurred in the surface soil, subsurface soil, and groundwater. PFAS was detected in the surface and subsurface soil, but was less than the screening level. PFAS in the groundwater exceeded the screening level with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (AERO 2019).

7.5.2. Opinions

The preliminary demolition/construction plan indicates the demolition of building 393 (west of building

491) and the construction of three small buildings. There are LUCs for SS040 and they reflect those of LF012 and LF042 in that the OAFB ERP must be notified of any excavations deeper than 6 inches and obtain a Base Civil Engineering Work Clearance Request. Vapor intrusion controls should be employed for new construction that will be occupied by personnel. Depth to groundwater in this site varies from 5 to 15 ft bgs (ARGO 2019).

7.5.3. Conclusions

The vinyl chloride contaminated plume is a REC considering the demolition and construction in the FLH Campus are directly above the plume.

7.6. Logistics Readiness Squadron Campus

The main feature of the LRS Campus are the ASTs that contain the jet and diesel fuels for ground and flight operations at OAFB that also includes a type III pumphouse. Other buildings in this campus include storage facilities for Defense Logistics Agency materials handling and associated support buildings. On the eastern border of this campus is a sanitary sewer lift station and emergency generator building.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 26 of 130

Figure 10. LRS Campus

7.6.1. Findings

There are two catch basins in the LRS campus, one is near building 558 (U0558) and catches spills/releases at the fuel truck offload station. The other catch basin is east of building 431 (U0584) and catches spills/releases from the fuel truck fill stand.

Fuel tank number 483 was scheduled for demolition and was drained and disconnected to fuel lines before the flood event. The flood water lifted the tank and left it laying on its side while still in the secondary containment dike. OAFB environmental office personnel said there is water trapped inside the tank which must be removed before demolition. Other fuel tanks in this campus include:

• A0441 – 300 gallon diesel fuel AST for and emergency generator for the pumphouse (building 441).

• A0444 – 420,000 gallon AST for jet fuel in the POL area.

• A0447 – 420,000 gallon AST for jet fuel in the POL area.

• A0465 – 1,050,000 gallon diesel AST in the POL area.

• A0466 – 20,000 gallon gasoline AST in the POL area.

• A0550 – 420,000 gallon AST for jet fuel in the POL area.

• A0580 – 2,310,000 gallon AST for jet fuel in the POL area.

• U0441 – 4,000 gallon UST for product recovery at building 441.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 27 of 130

Figure 10a. SS040 in LRS Campus

SS040 southern plume is an area of groundwater contamination with readings above screening levels of TCE, cis-1,2-DCE, and VC. The contamination plume has its origins east of building 407 just to the west of the western boundary of the LRS Campus and encompasses the entire campus. The shallow groundwater flow is to the east and the plume lies under building 471 and tank 465, turns south under tank 580 and exits the campus under tank 550.

As defined in OAFB’s Part II RCRA permit, LUCs were implemented at SS040 to prevent exposure of construction workers to high concentrations of contaminants that persist in shallow groundwater source areas, and to prohibit the installation of on-base drinking water wells. The primary LUCs for SS040 include:

• A prohibition on digging or excavation within the fenced landfill, and below 6 inches within the non-fenced portion of the LUC area without approval from the OAFB ERP.

• A Base Civil Engineering Work Clearance Request is required for any land disturbance greater than 6 inches in the non-fenced LUCs area. A prohibition on installing domestic water wells intended to provide groundwater for human needs related to health, fire control, and sanitation, or wells for domestic livestock.

LUCs will remain in place until the concentration of hazardous constituents in soil and groundwater are at levels that allow UU/UE (ARGO 2019).

7.6.2. Opinions

Except for building 471, the groundwater plume does not affect any other planned demolition in this campus; however, the buildings identified for demolition are in the SWMU and subject to the LUCs placed on the property.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 28 of 130

7.6.3. Conclusions

The existence of the groundwater plume and designation as SWMU SS040, the entire LRS Campus is considered a REC.

7.7. Lake Campus

The Lake campus in the only campus split up into two different areas. One area is obviously the base lake and the other area is the four ball fields which is in the middle of NC3. The ball field area is attached to the Lake campus because of the MWR connection. According to the OAFB Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures Plan there are no USTs or ASTs in this campus (OAFB 2016).

Figure 11. Lake Campus

7.7.1. Findings

All structures within the Lake Campus will be demolished and no areas of contamination were identified.

7.7.2. Opinions

There are no known soil and groundwater contamination issues with this area.

7.7.3. Conclusions

No RECs were found in this campus.

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 29 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

7.8. Additional Investigations, Data Gaps and Deletions

The EPA Vapor Intrusion Screening Level (VISL) Calculator was used to determine the possibility new construction over contamination plumes could cause hazardous conditions for personnel occupying positions in the new buildings. Standard commercial exposure scenarios were used with the default assumptions provided by the calculator program to determine the screening levels. When construction is to occur over a plume of TCE and/or VC, the contamination concentration from the Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska Annual Monitoring Report 2018, by ARGO/LRS joint venture, was used in the calculator to estimate screening level risks and hazards to building occupants.

Three future buildings were found to be planned above groundwater contamination plumes in three different SWMU sites. Contamination concentrations were taken from a well that was close to the footprint of the new building. When more than one well was close to the footprint, the highest concentration of contamination was used.

Appendix E contains the data sheets extracted from the VISL calculator. The cover sheet for each data set provides the well number, contaminant, campus, and building number closest to the well that provided the sample. In general, cancer risks are greater than one in ten thousand and hazard quotients are greater than one. Vapor intrusion mitigation measures for these three buildings is warranted due to the elevated carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic VISLs.

7.9. Environmental Condition of Property

The term “standard environmental condition of property (ECP) area type” refers to one of seven area types defined in ASTM D5746-98 (Reapproved 2010). An Identification of an area type on an ECP map means that a DoD component has conducted sufficient studies to make a determination of the RECs of installation real property (ASTM 2010).

The determination of the environmental condition of property area is Type 5. A Type 5 property is an area or parcel of real property where release, disposal, or migration, or some combination thereof, of hazardous substance has occurred and removal or remedial actions, or both, are under way, but all required actions have not yet been taken (ASTM 2010).

7.10. Statement and Signature

I declare that, to the best of my professional knowledge and belief, I meet the definition of Environmental Professional (EP) as defined in §312.10 of 40 CFR §312 and I have the specific qualifications based on education, training, and experience to assess a property of the nature, history, and setting of the subject property. I have developed and performed the all appropriate inquiries in conformance with the standards and practices set forth in 40 CFR Part 312.

Thomas A, Weirauch, EP, CESCO

USACE-NWO-ED-GS

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 30 of 130

Offutt AFB, Nebraska

7.11. References

AERO 2019 Aerostar SES LLC. Final Site Inspection Report of Aqueous Film Forming Foam

Areas at Offutt Air Force Base Sarpy County, Nebraska. September 2019.

ARGO 2019 ARGO/LRS JV. Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska Annual Monitoring Report 2018.

May 2019.

ASTM 2010 ASTM International. D5746-98 (Reapproved 2010), Standard Classification of

Environmental Condition of Property Area Types for Defense Base Closure and Realignment Facilities. April 2010.

ASTM 2013 ASTM International. E1527-13, Standard Practice for Environmental Site

Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process. November 2013.

EDR 2020 Environmental Data Resources, Inc. EDR Lightbox Standard Report. January 2020.

OAFB 2015 Offutt AFB Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. April 2015.

OAFB 2016 Offutt AFB Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Plan. April 2016 (Revised

2017).

8. Non-Scope Services

8.1. Additional Services

There are wetlands on the property, but there are no U.S. Jurisdictional Wetlands on the ESA Phase I property except for the base lake. All buildings to be demolished during this project require asbestos containing material and lead based paint surveys.

9. Appendices A – Abbreviations and Acronyms B – Topographical Maps C – Aerial Photographs D – Site Photographs E – Vapor Intrusion Screening Levels F – EDR Report (sent separately on request)

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 31 of 130

APPENDIX A

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 32 of 130

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 33 of 130

ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS

AFB Air Force Base AFFF Aqueous Film Forming Foam AFCEC Air Force Civil Engineer Center AST Aboveground Storage Tank ASTM ASTM International AUL Activity and Use Limitation

CESCO Certified Environmental and Safety Compliance Officer cis-1,2-DCE cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene CFR Code of Federal Regulations CREC Controlled Recognized Environmental Condition

DoD Department of Defense

ECP Environmental Condition of Property EDR Environmental Data Resources EP Environmental Professional EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ERP Environmental Restoration Program ESA Environmental Site Assessment

FLH Flightline and Hangars

HREC Historic Recognized Environmental Condition

LOX Liquid Oxygen LRS Logistics Readiness Squadron LUC Land Use Control

MILSTAR Military Strategic and Tactical Relay msl Mean Sea Level MWR Morale, Wellness, and Recreation

NC3 National Command, Control and Communication NKO Non-Kinetic Operations

OAFB Offutt Air Force Base

PFAS Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances PFOA Perfluorooctanoic Acid PFOS Perfluorooctane Sulfonate POL Petroleum, Oil and Lubricants

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act REC Recognized Environmental Condition

SEC Security § Subsection SWMU Solid Waste Management Unit

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 34 of 130

TCE Trichloroethylene

UGPPL Underground Petroleum Pipeline U.S. United States USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers U.S.C. United States Code UST Underground Storage Tank UU/UE Unlimited Use/Unrestricted Exposure

VC Vinyl Chloride VISL Vapor Intrusion Screening Level

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 35 of 130

APPENDIX B

TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 36 of 130

Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 37 of 130

Historical Topo Map page

SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the following map sheet(s).

EW

SW S SE

NW N NE

0 Miles 0.25 0.5 1 1.5

Offutt Air Force Base Offutt Air Force Base Offutt AFB, NE 68113 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

TP, Plattsmouth, 2014, 7.5-minute N, Omaha South, 2014, 7.5-minute

5926460 4 5Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 38 of 130

SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the following map sheet(s).

EW

SW S SE

NW N NE

0 Miles 0.25 0.5 1 1.5

Offutt Air Force Base Offutt Air Force Base Offutt AFB, NE 68113 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

TP, Plattsmouth, 1994, 7.5-minute N, Omaha South, 1994, 7.5-minute

5926460 4 6Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 39 of 130

SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the following map sheet(s).

EW

SW S SE

NW N NE

0 Miles 0.25 0.5 1 1.5

Offutt Air Force Base Offutt Air Force Base Offutt AFB, NE 68113 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

TP, Plattsmouth, 1984, 7.5-minute N, Omaha South, 1984, 7.5-minute

5926460 4 7Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 40 of 130

SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the following map sheet(s).

EW

SW S SE

NW N NE

0 Miles 0.25 0.5 1 1.5

Offutt Air Force Base Offutt Air Force Base Offutt AFB, NE 68113 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

TP, Plattsmouth, 1975, 7.5-minute N, Omaha South, 1975, 7.5-minute

5926460 4 8Am #0002 02 61 13AT1 Page 41 of 130

SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the following map sheet(s).

EW

SW…