Attachment_2_-_AFI_91-208.pdf

BY ORDER OF THE

SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE

AIR FORCE INSTRUCTION 91-208

16 MAY 2013

Incorporating Change 1, 14 November 2013

Safety

HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC

RADIATION TO ORDNANCE (HERO)

CERTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT

COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY

ACCESSIBILITY: Publication and forms are available on the e-Publishing website at www.e-publishing.af.mil for downloading and ordering.

RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication.

OPR: HQ AFSEC/SEW

Certified by: AF/SE (Maj Gen Margaret

H. Woodward)

Pages: 48

This Air Force Instruction (AFI) implements and extends the policy of the Department of

Defense (DoD) Directive (DoDD) 5000.01, The Defense Acquisition System, DoD Instruction

5000.02, Operation of the Defense Acquisition System, DoDD 3222.3, DoD Electromagnetic

Environmental Effects (E3) Program, DoDD 6055.9E, Explosives Safety Management and the

DoD Explosives Safety Board, DoD 6055.09-M, DoD Ammunition and Explosives Safety

Standards, AF Policy Directive (AFPD) 33-5, Warfighting Integration, AFPD 91-2, Safety

Programs, AF Manual (AFMAN) 91-201, Explosives Safety Standards, and AF Space Command

Manual 91-710, Range Safety User Requirements Manual. This publication establishes AF policy for hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (HERO) certification and management of ordnance in the AF inventory. It applies to explosive operations of any kind in

AF, Air National Guard, AF Reserve-owned or –leased facilities, and to United States-titled ammunition in contractor or host-nation facilities, including Foreign Military Sales. Compliance is mandatory. The use of the name or mark of any specific manufacturer, commercial product, commodity, or service in this publication does not imply endorsement by the AF. Refer recommended changes and questions about this publication to the Office of Primary

Responsibility (OPR) using AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication; route

AF Form 847s from the field through the appropriate (Major Command) publications/forms manager. Ensure that all records created as a result of processes described in this publication are maintained in accordance with AFMAN 33-363, Management of Records, and disposed of in accordance with the AF Records Disposition Schedule located at http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/ http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/

2 AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013

https://www.my.af.mil/afrims/afrims/afrims/rims.cfm. Send recommendations for improvements to Headquarters AF Safety Center, AF Weapons Safety (AFSEC/SEW), 9700 G

Avenue SE, Kirtland AFB NM 87117-5670, or email HQAFSECSEW@kirtland.af.mil. Send

Major Command (MAJCOM) supplements to this instruction to AFSEC/SEW, 9700 G Avenue

SE, Kirtland AFB NM 87117-5670 for coordination before publication. The authorities to waive wing/unit level requirements in this publication are identified with a Tier (“T-0, T-1, T-2, T-3”) number following the compliance statement. See AFI 33-360, Publications and Forms

Management, Table 1.1, for a description of the authorities associated with the Tier numbers.

Submit waiver requests through the chain of command to the appropriate Tier waiver approval authority, or alternately, to the Publication OPR for non-tiered compliance items.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This interim change incorporates AFI 33-360 guidance to include tier waiver requirements and provides the correct paragraph reference in paragraph A2.5.3 and correct units in Table A2.11.

A margin bar (|) indicates newly revised material.

1. OVERVIEW

2. RESPONISIBILITIES

3. HERO CERTIFICATION PROCESS FOR ORDNANCE

4. MAINTAINING SAFE HERO OPERATIONS

Attachment 1—GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 19

Attachment 2—SAFE SEPARATION DISTANCE (SSD) 29

Attachment 3—EMR ANALYSIS ASSISTANCE 42

Attachment 4—HERO PACKAGE AND EMR SURVEY 43

Attachment 5—ORDNANCE MODIFICATION GUIDANCE 47

Attachment 6—REQUEST FOR HERO CERTIFICATION LETTER GUIDANCE 48

1. OVERVIEW.

1.1. Purpose.

1.1.1. This Air Force (AF) Instruction (AFI) implements the hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (HERO) certification and management requirements of the Weapon

System Safety and Explosives Safety Programs.

1.1.2. With the exception of the Eastern and Western Space Test Ranges, the HERO program encompasses the establishment and implementation of explosives safety standards, criteria, instructions, regulations, and electromagnetic emission control procedures of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitters throughout the AF in accordance with (IAW) the organization and general responsibilities assigned by this instruction.

https://www.my.af.mil/afrims/afrims/afrims/rims.cfm mailto:HQAFSECSEW@kirtland.af.mil.

AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013 3

1.1.3. Military-Standard (MIL-STD) -464, Electromagnetic Environmental Effects

Requirements for Systems, latest revision, general requirements indicate that each system

(i.e., aircraft, ground vehicles, ordnance containing electrically initiated devices (EIDs), etc.) will be electromagnetically compatible among all subsystems and equipment within the system and with environments generated by emitters and other electromagnetic sources external to the system to ensure safe and proper operation and performance.

Design techniques used to protect ordnance against EMR effects must be verifiable, maintainable, and effective over the rated lifecycle of the system. Verification addresses all lifecycle aspects of the system, including (as applicable) normal in-service operations, checkout, storage, transportation, handling, packaging, loading, unloading, launch, and normal operating procedures associated with each aspect.

1.1.4. MIL-STD-464 requirement of intra-system electromagnetic compatibility indicates the system will be electromagnetically compatible with itself such that system operational performance requirements are met. Verify compliance by system-level test, analysis, or a combination thereof IAW guidance provided by Military-Handbook (MIL-

HDBK)-240, Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance Test Guide, latest revision. Integration of individual components shown to be HERO SAFE does not imply the resulting system is a HERO SAFE system.

1.1.5. MIL-HDBK-240 defines HERO as the situation in which exposure of ordnance to external electromagnetic environments (EMEs) results in specific safety or reliability margins of EIDs or electrically powered ordnance firing circuits to be exceeded, or EIDs to be inadvertently actuated. External EMEs may originate from equipment emitting on command (e.g., radios, radars, electronic countermeasures, etc.), automatic sources (e.g., arcing, high current switching transients, etc.), and the EME defined in MIL-STD-464.

Consequences include both safety (premature firing) and reliability (EID dudding or altered function characteristics) effects.

1.1.6. MIL-STD-464 and MIL-HDBK-240 define three classifications pertinent to

HERO for ordnance:

1.1.6.1. HERO SAFE. Any ordnance item proven by test or analysis to be sufficiently shielded or otherwise so protected that all EIDs contained by the item are immune to adverse effects (safety or reliability) when the item is employed in the

EME delineated in MIL-STD-464.

1.1.6.2. HERO SUSCEPTIBLE. Any ordnance item containing EIDs proven by test or analysis to be adversely affected by EMR to the point that the safety and/or reliability of the system is in jeopardy when the system is employed in the EME delineated in MIL-STD-464.

1.1.6.3. HERO UNSAFE. Any ordnance item containing EIDs not classified as

HERO SAFE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE as a result of a HERO analysis or test.

Additionally, any ordnance item containing EIDs (including those previously classified as HERO SAFE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE) that has its internal wiring exposed; when tests are being conducted on that item resulting in additional electrical connections to the item; when EIDs having exposed wire leads are present and handled or loaded in any but the tested condition; when the item is being assembled

4 AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013

or disassembled; or when such ordnance items are damaged causing exposure of internal wiring or components or destroying engineered HERO protective devices.

1.1.7. Percussion or non-electrically initiated ordnance items have no HERO requirements.

1.2. Requirement.

1.2.1. To address HERO as stated in Department of Defense (DoD) Directive (DoDD)

3222.3, DoD Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) Program, latest revision, and

DoD Manual 6055.09-M, DoD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards, latest revision. AF programs shall conform to MIL-STD-464. Exceptions to such certification are commercial space launched type EID applications.

1.2.2. IAW DoDD 3222.3, E3 issues, which include HERO, shall be identified and assessed prior to entering the Systems Demonstration and Production and Deployment phases and shall be addressed during critical design reviews. Ordnance shall not be deployed or released for service use until it is HERO certified unless a deviation is granted.

1.3. Scope.

1.3.1. The HERO program includes, but not limited to, vulnerable assets and sources.

Vulnerable assets include nuclear and conventional ordnance such as gun systems and their munitions, missiles, bombs, flares, aerial target drones, depth charges, mines, torpedoes, and other materials embodying EIDs (e.g., cable cutters, chaff and munitions dispensers, self-destruct devices, aircraft engine fire extinguishing systems, aircraft ejection seats, etc. Sources include aircraft emitters, radars, antennas, radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, wireless laptops, handheld communication devices, etc.

1.3.2. Ordnance applicable to this instruction consists of all equipment, subsystems, and materials containing EIDs, which affects safety and/or mission reliability and are defined as explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnic, and similar stores carried on an airborne, sea, space, or ground system.

1.3.3. An EID is a single unit, device, or subassembly that uses electrical energy to produce an explosive, pyrotechnic, thermal, or mechanical output. Examples include electro-explosive devices such as hot bridgewire, exploding bridgewire, semiconductor bridge, carbon bridge, and conductive composition, as well as, laser initiators, burn wires, fusible links, and exploding foil initiators (EFIs), such as slapper detonators and low energy EFIs.

1.3.4. Ordnance test variants that contain EIDs and include temporary instrumentation, such as measurement hardware, telemetry, flight safety systems/flight termination systems, etc., are subject to this instruction.

1.3.5. This instruction applies to research, development, testing, operations, and equipment utilized during all six phases of the stockpile-to-safe separation sequence (S4) as defined in MIL-HDBK-240; transportation/storage, assembly/disassembly, staged, handling/loading, platform-loaded, and immediate post-launch. Furthermore, the program applies during the disposal of ordnance.

1.4. Applicability.

AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013 5

1.4.1. All ordnance, except for percussion or non-electrically initiated ordnance, used in or on AF installations, ground vehicles, aircraft, etc., including Foreign Military Sale items.

1.4.2. Certification of complete rounds is required. A complete round (CR) is any combination of DoD Identification Codes (DODICs) to form a higher assembly. Identify complete rounds by using the Complete Round Code (CRC) in the Complete Round

Dictionary (CRD) maintained by the Global Ammunition Control Point (GACP) at Hill

AFB.

1.4.3. Ordnance, EIDs, and emitters used by the Eastern (45

th

Space Wing) and Western

(30 th

Space Wing) Ranges are addressed by AF Space Command Manual (AFSPCMAN)

91-710, Range Safety User Requirements Manual, latest revision, local Space Wing instructions, and AF Manual (AFMAN) 91-201, Explosives Safety Standards, latest revision.

1.4.4. DoD or foreign ordnance used by the AF or as part of a joint development effort and/or usage. Foreign ordnance is classified as HERO UNSAFE unless certified as

HERO SAFE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE.

1.5. Deviations.

1.5.1. A deviation is written authority provided by AFSEC/SEW, permitting exception from the requirement for HERO SAFE certification. For ordnance items containing EIDs with a firing consequence of safety, AFSEC/SEW will only grant a deviation based on overriding field requirement for strategic or other compelling reasons (AFMAN 91-201, Section 1B-Exception Program).

1.5.2. Deviations or Launch Safety Requirement Relief Requests must be IAW

AFSPCMAN 91-710 requirements.

1.5.3. For circumstances where a deviation is required, the PM shall perform a risk assessment to determine the level of risk associated with a (S4) deployment of the ordnance. The risk assessment may follow MIL-STD-882, Standard Practice for System

Safety, latest revision, AF Air Worthiness Bulletin-013, Risk Identification and

Acceptance for Airworthiness Determinations, latest revision, or other equivalent method, for determining the relative level of risk associated consequence and probability. Risk assessment shall be based upon the currently available set of electromagnetic environmental effects (E3) test data and analysis and shall be assessed against the completeness, or lack thereof, versus MIL-STD-464 EME.

1.6. Implementation.

1.6.1. The primary objective of the HERO program is to have all AF ordnance certified and classified as HERO SAFE. Until an ordnance system is certified, follow standard best practices and procedures. Ordnance System Program Offices (SPOs)/Project

Management Offices (PMOs) have five years after the publication of this instruction to achieve certification and classification of HERO SAFE. If funding is received in the fifth year, the responsible ordnance SPO/PMO shall have two more years to have the ordnance certified and classified appropriately. Ordnance not certified by this timeframe shall be deemed HERO UNSAFE by AFSEC/SEW.

6 AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013

1.6.2. All existing ordnance, including nuclear weapons, must be certified IAW this instruction. For ordnance having HERO test data and/or analysis, the responsible ordnance SPO/PMO shall submit a certification request to AFSEC/SEW (Attachment 6).

For ordnance not having HERO test data, analysis, or a combination thereof, the responsible ordnance SPO/PMO shall have the ordnance HERO evaluated, analyzed, or a combination thereof IAW this instruction.

1.6.1.1. If HERO test data, analysis, or a combination thereof, for existing ordnance indicates a classification of HERO SUSCEPTIBLE, the responsible ordnance

SPO/PMO shall attempt to resolve the issue and achieve HERO SAFE classification.

If unable to achieve HERO SAFE classification, the responsible ordnance SPO/PMO submits a request for deviation IAW this instruction and the ordnance is classified as either HERO SUSCEPTIBLE or HERO UNSAFE, depending on the information provided.

1.6.1.2. Legacy ordnance can also be considered for HERO certification if an assessment of the existing data, supporting analysis, or a combination thereof, shows the ordnance shall satisfy the HERO requirements per MIL-STD-464 and the host platform EME. Existing data needs to address the ordnance item in all configurations

(i.e., storage, transportation, loading/installation, and operation) including the appropriate margins. Operational history alone does not provide justification for

HERO certification no matter how much time has passed without incident.

1.6.1.3. For ordnance classified as either HERO SUSCEPTIBLE or HERO

UNSAFE, exposure to EMR must be minimized by ensuring ordnance distance to

EMR sources are beyond the calculated safe separation distance (SSD) and by isolating the ordnance from EMR sources if the ordnance are within SSD. This is applicable for all S4 phases. For ordnance on aircraft, ground vehicles, etc., adjust the SSD to mitigate risk due to the fixed emitter/store locations.

1.6.1.4. Foreign ordnance is considered HERO UNSAFE unless certified. The ordnance SPO/PMO having foreign ordnance under their cognizance may request test data and/or analysis from the country of origin indicating compliance with EME levels in MIL-STD-464 for classification of HERO SAFE or SUSCEPTIBLE, otherwise the item shall be classified as HERO UNSAFE.

1.6.2. SPOs/ PMOs employing ordnance on their platforms (aircraft, ground vehicles, etc.) shall ensure platform EME have been characterized. The platform SPO/PMO shall comply within five years after the publication of this instruction by providing to

AFSEC/SEW documentation of the EME characterization. System modifications may alter the baseline EME. Evaluate modifications for EME impact and adjust the baseline throughout the system lifecycle. Coordinate changes with AFSEC/SEW by updating the

EME characterization.

1.6.3. The base or installation Weapons Safety Manager (WSM) shall prepare and maintain the HERO package (Attachment 4) after ordnance under their cognizance has been certified IAW this instruction.

1.6.4. The nuclear weapon design agencies (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Sandia National Laboratories) ensure a nuclear

AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013 7

weapon design meets military characteristics (MCs) and stockpile-to-target sequence

(STS) requirements, which will include MIL-STD-464 EME levels. The Department of

Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration, nuclear certifies a nuclear weapon (the articles under their cognizance) and delivers it to DoD. Air Force Nuclear

Weapons Center (AFNWC) is responsible for having the weapon HERO certified by providing AFSEC/SEW the appropriate HERO evaluation and/or analysis from the design agency.

1.6.5. AFNWC shall submit certification requests to AFSEC/SEW (Attachment 6) for all current nuclear weapons, including test and/or analysis regarding nuclear weapon systems compliance with MIL-STD-464 EME, within five years of publication. For

DOE ordnance not meeting the criteria for classification of HERO SAFE, AFNWC shall take the necessary action to resolve these issues. Legacy nuclear weapons are required to maintain current safety standards with respect to HERO until HERO certified. Upon certification, the safety standards outlined in this document shall apply.

2. RESPONISIBILITIES.

2.1. Air Force Spectrum Management Office (AFSMO). EMR emitters and receivers, including commercial-off-the-shelf and non-developmental items purchases, and all AF spectrum dependent equipment must receive spectrum certification. IAW AFI 33-580, Spectrum Management, latest revision, AFSMO reviews all spectrum certification requests for technical accuracy and submits these requests to the national spectrum certification system for their acceptance.

2.1.1. DELETED

2.1.2. DELETED

2.2. Air Force Safety Center (AFSEC) will:

2.2.1. Establish criteria and guidance to ensure future designs are safe from EMR hazards.

2.2.2. Establish and maintain procedures for HERO certification of ordnance and promulgate these procedures to AF, e.g., AF Sustainment Center (AFSC) and AF Life

Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) Organization Commanders, Program Executive

Offices (PEOs), Program Managers (PMs), and Inventory Management Specialists

(IMSs) for all ordnance under their cognizance.

2.2.3. Establish and maintain procedures for using electronic equipment that emits on command or automatically generates EMR, such as Modern Mobile Emitters (MMEs), in the vicinity of ordnance.

2.2.4. Review requests for certification submitted IAW this instruction and certify and classify ordnance within thirty days after receipt of request.

2.2.5. Return HERO certification requests to the submitter within seven days after receipt of request without granting certification for items classified as HERO

SUSCEPTIBLE or HERO UNSAFE when exposed to MIL-STD-464 EME, unless a deviation has been requested and granted.

2.2.6. Maintain a permanent file of the following:

8 AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013

2.2.6.1. Certifications for all AF ordnance (both conventional and nuclear). For items not classified as HERO SAFE, the file will include a detailed description of the ordnance item HERO susceptibility and restrictions either on ordnance handling and loading procedures, or on the control of EMR required for HERO safe operations.

2.2.6.2. Platform EME characterizations.

2.2.7. Provide a method for preparing the HERO package (Attachment 4) to determine safe processes for use on AF installations, when the storage, handling, loading, and/or maintenance of ordnance occurs. The HERO package is required for ordnance provided by other Services or coalition partners, and used by the AF.

2.2.8. Represent the AF in HERO matters on the following:

2.2.8.1. Committees, boards, panels, and programs with other Services and foreign nations.

2.2.8.2. Joint Ordnance Commanders Group E3 program.

2.2.8.3. Joint Spectrum Center (JSC) Operations E3 Risk Analysis Database

(JOERAD) Configuration Control Board.

2.2.9. Ensure all HERO data generated by ordnance SPO/PMO is provided to JSC for incorporation into JOERAD, which provides a list of approved equipment and the capability to calculate the associated SSDs. Obtain access to JOERAD database by contacting JSC (J5) at commercial (410) 293-4957, DSN 287-4957, or online at https://acc.dau.mil/joerad (complete the Defense Spectrum Organization access request form). JOERAD is available to United Stated Military, United States Government, and their supporting contractors.

2.3. Nonnuclear Munitions Safety Board. Considers HERO evaluations and HERO certifications by AFSEC/SEW when assessing munitions and related items containing EIDs for final Operational Certification and flight test.

2.4. Major Commands (MAJCOMs) will:

2.4.1. Perform spectrum management process and obtain frequency assignment and allocation for spectrum dependent systems in support of operational requirements.

2.4.2. Provide, through the MAJCOM safety office, responses to installation safety offices’ HERO safety inquiries and distribute updated HERO information to their installations when it becomes available.

2.4.3. Provide the requisite parametric data as specified in this instruction for EMR emitting equipment under their design cognizance to the installation safety office in order to calculate SSDs for ordnance.

2.4.4. Treat nuclear weapons with exposed EIDs as HERO UNSAFE. Conduct maintenance operations under HERO UNSAFE conditions only when the EME is restricted and does not exceed levels defined in Table A2.3 and illustrated in Figure A2.3

(Attachment 2).

2.5. Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) and System Lead Commands. Shall ensure engineering, support, and test facilities are available to verify ordnance complies with MIL-https://acc.dau.mil/joerad

AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013 9

STD-464 EME and this instruction, testing is conducted IAW the guidance provided in MIL-

HDBK-240, and acquisition is performed IAW guidance from MIL-HDBK-237, Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Spectrum Supportability Guidance for the

Acquisition Process, latest revision.

2.5.1. Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center (AFNWC) will:

2.5.1.1. Ensure, IAW AFMAN 91-118, Safety Design and Evaluation Criteria for

Nuclear Weapon Systems, latest revision, the design of a nuclear weapon systems, such as AF and foreign aircraft, cruise missiles, Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

(ICBMs), transportation aircraft, etc., will minimize undesired emissions that could cause a nuclear hazard or ordnance ignition.

2.5.1.2. Specify MIL-STD-464 EME in the nuclear weapon MCs and STS to ensure

DOE ordnance is HERO SAFE.

2.5.1.3. Ensure design for nuclear weapons to be HERO SAFE IAW MIL-STD-464

HERO aspects during all phases except assembly/disassembly.

2.5.1.4. Ensure when changes to DOE ordnance are proposed that requests for HERO evaluation (test, analysis, or a combination thereof) is IAW this instruction when the changes involve the EIDs directly, any modification that affects the EIDs susceptibility to EMR, or adds EMR devices to the weapons.

2.5.1.5. Require nuclear weapons entering the Phase 6.X or DoD 5000-series acquisition process (life extension programs or major modifications) undergo HERO classification IAW this instruction and MIL-STD-464 HERO aspects.

2.5.1.6. Ensure DOE ordnance variants, which include temporary instrumentation such as measurement hardware, telemetry, flight safety systems/flight termination systems, etc., and contain EIDs or adds EMR are subject to this instruction.

2.5.2. Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) will:

2.5.2.1. Define the EME for HERO and establish design and verification requirements (AFLCMC is the preparing activity for MIL-STD-464).

2.5.2.2. Provide technical advisors on HERO certification and overall E3 matters to

AFSEC and AFMC.

2.5.2.3. Review and provide technical coordination for deviation requests.

2.5.3. Air Force Program Executive Officer will:

2.5.3.1. Ensure implementation of HERO requirements for applicable programs.

2.5.3.2. Ensure the applicable criteria for HERO safety are included in applicable program documents (i.e., Systems Engineering Plans, Test and Evaluation Master

Plans, System and Equipment Specifications, etc.) IAW guidance from MIL-HDBK-

237.

2.5.3.3. Ensure ordnance variants, which include temporary instrumentation such as measurement hardware, telemetry, flight safety systems/flight termination systems, etc., and contain EIDs are subject to this instruction.

10 AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013

2.5.4. Platform SPOs/PMOs will:

2.5.4.1. Characterize the EME of the delivery system, including the EME in enclosed cavities such as weapon bays, by system-level test, analysis, or a combination thereof, which directly impacts ordnance, and retains the information to ensure ordnance remains safe from EMR hazards. Document the EMR characterizations and provides the information to AFSEC/SEW.

2.5.4.2. Update the initial EME characterization when modifications to the delivery system affect the platform EME every year.

2.6. Installation Safety Office will:

2.6.1. Implement HERO safety procedures for ordnance on their base. (T-1).

2.6.2. Ensure the WSM prepares and maintains the installation HERO package

(Attachment 4) and annually reviews this information against munitions procedures performed on their base (AFI 91-202, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program, latest revision). (T-1).

2.6.3. Review and approve, for HERO safety, all installation-level design changes for new EMR transmitters and relocating or upgrading EMR emitting systems. (T-1).

2.6.4. Determine, for the development, installation, and use of electronic equipment that emits on command or automatically generates EMR for use within magazine or ordnance assembly/disassembly areas or employed around ordnance, if the equipment falls within characterized EMR environment. Use guidance provided in paragraph A2.4 (Attachment

2) for MMEs radiating less than 1 watt. (T-1).

2.6.5. Ensure an EMR survey is performed when all the sources of EMR cannot be taken into account, the attenuation of the surrounding environment is unknown, and/or minimum SSD cannot be complied with. Perform periodic reviews on a yearly basis to determine if an EMR survey is necessary and, if required, perform an EMR survey following major changes to the installation’s EMR environment or at least periodically every ten years. (T-1).

2.7. Installation Spectrum Manager (ISM) will:

2.7.1. Provide installation safety office with EMR data necessary to prepare the HERO package. (T-1).

2.7.2. Ensure coordination between using unit and safety office prior to relocating EMR emitters or changing frequency, gain, and/or power characteristics of existing EMR emitters on the installation. (T-1).

2.7.3. Prepare and maintain spectrum assignment records for their installation and provide the installation safety office a radio frequency authorization upon request. (T-1).

2.8. Civil Engineering Squadron will:

2.8.1. Report any using unit project plans/efforts to install new emitters to the ISM and installation safety offices. (T-1).

AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013 11

2.8.2. Report any using unit project plans/efforts to relocate any existing EMR emitters or change to the frequency, gain, and/or power characteristics of any existing EMR emitter on their installation to the ISM and installation safety office. (T-1).

2.9. Munitions Squadrons will:

2.9.1. Incorporate into the unit’s Explosives Safety Training Plan the susceptibility of

EIDs, classification of ordnance, and their physical configuration, IAW AFMAN 91-201.

(T-1).

2.9.2. Maintain configuration control of their maintenance facilities with respect to the permanent/recurring EME and submit EMR configuration changes to the ISM and safety office. (T-1).

3. HERO CERTIFICATION PROCESS FOR ORDNANCE.

3.1. Scope.

3.1.1. This chapter provides guidance on the procedures used to obtain HERO certification for ordnance.

3.1.2. This process is used by AF programs responsible for the design, development, test and evaluation, and sustainment of ordnance.

3.2. Process.

3.2.1. DoD Manual 6055.09-M requires HERO certification of all DoD ordnance. This certification covers all six-phases of the S4 in the EME cited in MIL-STD-464, Table 9 and applies during the disposal of ordnance.

3.2.2. The six-phases, as defined in MIL-HDBK-240, are as follows:

3.2.2.1. Transportation/Storage. The phase in which the ordnance is packaged, containerized, or otherwise prepared for shipping or stored in an authorized storage facility. This includes transporting of the ordnance.

3.2.2.2. Assembly/Disassembly. The phase involving all operations required for ordnance build-up or breakdown and typically involves personnel.

3.2.2.3. Staged. The phase where the ordnance has been prepared for loading and is pre-positioned in a designated staging area.

3.2.2.4. Handling/Loading. The phase where physical contact is made between the ordnance item and personnel, metal objects, or structures during the process of preparing, checking out, performing built-in tests, programming/reprogramming, installing, or attaching the ordnance item to its end-use platform/system; e.g., aircraft, launcher, launch vehicle, or personnel. These procedures may involve making or breaking electrical connections, opening and closing access panels, and removing/installing safety pins, shorting plugs, clips, and dust covers. This configuration also includes all operations required for unloading; i.e., removing, disengaging, or repackaging the ordnance item.

3.2.2.5. Platform-Loaded. The phase where the ordnance item has been installed on or attached to the host platform/system (e.g., aircraft, ground vehicle, and personnel and so forth) and all loading procedures have been completed.

12 AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013

3.2.2.6. Immediate Post-Launch. The phase where the ordnance item has been launched from its platform/system, but up to its SSD with regard to the actuation of its explosives, pyrotechnics, or propellants.

3.2.3.

Figure 3. 1 illustrates the process of HERO certification for ordnance.

Figure 3.1. HERO Certification Process for Ordnance.

3.2.4. PM of new or modified ordnance provides information to the HERO evaluation organization concerning the design, development, and evaluation schedules for items under their cognizance. (T-1).

3.2.5. PM provides all of the affected CRCs, anticipated deployable aircraft, ground vehicles, etc., with applicable launcher or bomb racks, and designates all subsystems

AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013 13

containing EIDs be evaluated individually. PM provides item nomenclature, DODIC/National Stock Number (NSN) (for existing ordnance), cognizant branch, field station, or contractor concerned with development or modification of the ordnance

(Attachment 5), and anticipated period for various development phases. This information is essential for planning and scheduling consultation, analysis, and/or test. (T-1).

3.2.6. HERO evaluation organization shall be either a DoD facility (e.g., Naval Surface

Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, E3 Assessment and Evaluation Branch, Q52; White

Sands Missile Range, Electromagnetic Radiation Effects facility; and Redstone Technical

Test Center) or an appropriate contractor. (T-1).

3.2.6.1. HERO evaluation organization provides the PM with cost and schedule estimates regarding requested consultation services, analysis, and/or testing services.

3.2.6.2. PM ensures adequate funding is provided to the HERO evaluation organization for supporting the required consultation services, analysis, and/or testing services. (T-1).

3.2.6.3. HERO evaluation organization provides test plans, test reports (including data), and/or a plan of action and milestones for consultation services, analysis, and/or test services to the PM. (T-1).

3.2.6.4. PM reviews and approves the test plan prior to start of the HERO test submitted by the HERO evaluation organization for accuracy of handling and loading procedures and hardware nomenclature and provide comments prior to the performance of the HERO tests. (T-1).

3.2.6.5. HERO evaluation organization schedules the HERO test based on the availability of the facilities and assets. At the request of the PM, preliminary tests may be conducted during the various developmental phases to obtain engineering data. (T-1).

3.2.6.6. PM provides all test articles to the HERO evaluation organization IAW requirements of the approved HERO test plan. (T-1).

3.2.6.7. HERO evaluation organization will instrument the test article and conduct the test. (T-1).

3.2.6.8. HERO evaluation organization submits the HERO test and/or analysis report to the PM with a HERO classification recommendation. (T-1).

3.2.7. PM submits the HERO certification and provides the HERO test and/or analysis report as rationale for requesting HERO certification. PM also provides system and component NSNs and DODICs. This ensures that the production design is the same as the tested configuration with respect to HERO (Attachment 6). (T-1).

3.2.8. AFSEC/SEW reviews the HERO certification request along with supporting data and/or analysis and either approves or rejects the request as follows:

3.2.8.1. If determined HERO SAFE, the ordnance is certified and classified as HERO

SAFE, be included in the next change/revision of JOERAD, and listed by

AFSEC/SEW. AFSEC/SEW retains the HERO certification on file and provides the

PM a copy. (T-1).

14 AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013

3.2.8.2. If not determined HERO SAFE, AFSEC/SEW provides justification. The

PM may authorize corrective actions to rectify the hazards identified by the HERO test, analysis, or combination thereof. Funding for this activity is the responsibility of the PM. (T-1).

3.2.8.3. If use of the system is required due to operational necessity, the ordnance is treated as HERO UNSAFE, until suitable modifications are fabricated, evaluated, and retrofitted, or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE, if test data and/or analysis supports such classification. The PM shall request a deviation of the HERO certification requirements IAW this instruction. (T-1).

3.2.9. The IMS applies to the AF Cataloging, Battle Creek, Michigan, for DODIC/NSN

IAW AFMAN 23-110, USAF Supply Manual, latest revision, before the ordnance has been certified. (T-1).

3.2.10. HERO certification is required prior to deployment or release for service unless a deviation is granted. However, a HERO assessment is necessary to support test and evaluation (e.g., to support aircraft/store compatibility) any time prior to low rate initial production or production approval. The PEO/PM requests a HERO evaluation from

AFSEC/SEW and provides tests data and/or analysis to support the evaluation. If

AFSEC/SEW determines that the ordnance does not comply with MIL-STD-464, AFSEC/SEW advises the PEO/PM on the suitability of ordnance production, fielding and use in writing within thirty days after receipt of the request. Test data and/or analysis used to support the HERO evaluation may be used to support final HERO certification if modifications performed after HERO evaluation does not directly affect the EIDs and/or their EMR susceptibility (Attachment 5). (T-1).

4. MAINTAINING SAFE HERO OPERATIONS.

4.1. Overview.

4.1.1. The primary method to protect ordnance from EMR hazards is to ensure the ordnance are never located where EMR power density is sufficiently high to couple enough electrical energy into the device to initiate the device or degrade performance. In addition, shielding the ordnance can protect the ordnance item.

4.1.2. HERO SAFE ordnance are considered unserviceable after exposure to EME above those defined in MIL-STD-464, Table 9, due to the potential for both direct EMR induced actuation of the EIDs and inadvertent activation of an electrically powered firing circuit.

4.1.3. HERO UNSAFE and HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance are considered unserviceable after exposure to EME above those defined in Tables A2.1 and A2.2

(Attachment 2), respectively, due to the potential for both direct EMR induced actuation of the EIDs and inadvertent activation of an electrically powered firing circuit.

4.1.4. The following general HERO requirements must be implemented when conducting operations with any ordnance, regardless of HERO classification:

4.1.4.1. Plan ordnance operations so that the ordnance has a minimal exposure to

EME. Use the HERO package for guidance. (T-1).

AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013 15

4.1.4.2. Do not alter ordnance or handle umbilical cables and cable connectors unnecessarily. (T-1).

4.1.4.3. Unless authorized by item technical order, do not expose internal wiring and firing circuits by assembling or disassembling the ordnance in EME. (T-1).

4.1.4.4. Transport all HERO SUSCEPTIBLE and HERO UNSAFE ordnance in sealed, all-metal containers whenever possible. When transporting ordnance in a vehicle, the minimum SSD requirements are applicable. (T-1).

4.1.4.5. Ordnance containing disassembled EIDs or when exposed EIDs, firing circuits, or wiring are present shall be treated as HERO UNSAFE. (T-1).

4.1.4.6. For HERO SAFE ordnance, maintain a minimum SSD of 10 feet from a transmitting antenna. This assumes that at 10 feet the EMR from the transmitting antenna does not exceed MIL-STD-464 EME. If the transmitting antenna is an

MME, refer to guidance provided in paragraph A2.4 (Attachment 2). For ordnance on a delivery platform, where a minimum of 10 feet is not possible, an analysis must prove that a smaller SSD is permissible. (T-1).

4.1.4.7. For HERO UNSAFE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance, formulas for

SSDs from Tables A2.4 and A2.5 (Attachment 2), respectively, determine the appropriate SSDs. If the calculation results in SSDs less than 10 feet, maintain an

SSD of 10 feet. If an MME is involved, refer to guidance provided in paragraph A2.4

(Attachment 2). (T-1).

4.2. Platform EME.

4.2.1. Platforms externally carrying items containing EIDs shall assess the onboard EME to ensure it is sufficiently low to prevent initiation or degradation of the EIDs. (T-1).

4.2.2. Platforms internally carrying items containing EIDs, such as in equipment or weapons compartments, shall assess the EME in these compartments to ensure it is sufficiently low to prevent initiation or degradation of the EIDs. Techniques such as mode stirring/reverberation or equivalent shall be used. (T-1).

4.3. Traditional Fixed-Location Emitter (TFE).

4.3.1. The emitters are in a fixed location, usually mounted on a tower, mast, or rooftop and separated at a distance from the ordnance such that the far field applies.

4.3.2. For HERO UNSAFE and HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance, the choice of formula used to calculate the SSD for a TFE depends on the frequency of the transmitted EMR and the total effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the emitter (Tables A2.4 and

A2.5 (Attachment 2), respectively). If this minimum distance (SSD) is maintained between the ordnance and the emitter, the EMR power density at the location of the ordnance, even under the most optimal transmission and more efficient coupling conditions, will be too low to provide sufficient energy to initiate or degrade the ordnance.

4.3.3. WSM shall collect and review the following information prior to performing any operation involving ordnance:

16 AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013

4.3.3.1. HERO classification of the ordnance during the planning operation is determined by reviewing the HERO package or contacting AFSEC/SEW for the listing. Ordnance classified as HERO SAFE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE can be degraded to HERO UNSAFE during assembly, disassembly, or by subjecting the item to unauthorized conditions and/or operations. (T-1).

4.3.3.2. The EME at the location of the planned operation must be determined. This information is available from the HERO package, the ISM, or the installation safety office. (T-1).

4.4. Modern Mobile Emitter (MME). MMEs may transmit lower power levels than conventional emitters (TFEs), but they may also be brought much closer to conventional ordnance, even into the near field of their antenna. Use guidance provided in paragraph A2.4

(Attachment 2) for MMEs radiating less than 1 Watt.

4.4.1. The Program Manager Joint-Automatic Identification Technology (PM J-AIT) is testing radiated emissions from RFID and automatic identification technology equipment for near field operation using worst-case guidance limitations. Observe all SSDs calculated, approved, and published by PM J-AIT for individual pieces of equipment applicable to munitions operations. Contact AFSEC/SEW for listing.

4.4.2. Transceiver devices such as cellular telephones, active pagers, and some walkie-talkies automatically transmit EMR without operator action. Follow guidance set forth in paragraph A2.4 (Attachment 2), otherwise turn off the devices when the 10 feet SSD cannot be maintained.

4.4.3. For all remote entry devices, including car entry keys, the SSD is 0.5 feet from all

EIDs regardless of configuration. This guidance assumes the remote entry devices comply with Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Radio Frequency Devices, paragraph

15.231, Periodic operation in the band 40.66-40.70 MHz and above 70 MHz.

4.5. Electronic Devices. Electronic devices are authorized for use in storage, build-up, and assembly areas where conventional ammunition and explosives are present, as long as they are not connected to power via power cords, with the following restrictions:

4.5.1. For electronic devices, without any radiating wireless capability and unknown

EMR emissions, shall undergo an EMR survey. Use the distance at which the measurement is performed to establish the SSD. Compare the EMR results with Table 9, MIL-STD-464, for HERO SAFE ordnance, Table A2.2 (Attachment 2) for HERO

SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance, and Table A2.1 (Attachment 2) for HERO UNSAFE ordnance, to ensure the EMR level poses no hazard. Emissions may occur at various frequencies and the worst case EMR level shall be used to establish the SSD.

4.5.2. Electronic devices, without radiating wireless capability, that are certified to meet

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Radio Frequency Devices, Class A and B limits and labeled accordingly, require no SSD and can be used in close proximity but must not come in direct contact with ordnance, regardless of classification.

4.5.3. For electronic devices radiating at less than 1 Watt with known transmitter average power output, antenna gain, and transmission frequency, use Table A2.7 (Attachment 2) to establish the SSD.

AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013 17

4.6. TFE and MME Safety Procedures for Nuclear Weapons.

4.6.1. IAW this instruction all nuclear weapons must be certified and classified as HERO

SAFE. The procedures for ensuring the EMR from TFEs do not cause inadvertent EID initiation or degradation are similar to the procedures for conventional ordnance, i.e., maintain a minimum of 10 feet between transmitting antennas and all nuclear weapons containing EIDs, assuming that at 10 feet the EMR from the transmitting antenna does not exceed MIL-STD-464 EME.

4.6.2. The following are safety procedures involving nuclear weapons in a HERO SAFE configuration (Ultimate User configuration, i.e., all-up-round, shipping configuration) and electronic devices:

4.6.2.1. MMEs and electronics devices cannot be connected to power via power cords.

4.6.2.2. For an MME radiating at less than 1 Watt with known transmitter average power output, antenna gain, and transmission frequency, use Table A2.7 (Attachment

2), HERO SAFE column, to establish the SSD.

4.6.2.3. Electronic devices, without radiating wireless capability, that are certified to meet Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Radio Frequency Devices, Class A and B limits and labeled accordingly, require no SSD and can be used in proximity to the nuclear weapon but must not come in direct contact with the nuclear weapon.

4.6.2.4. For electronics devices, without wireless capability and unknown electromagnetic emissions, require an EMR survey. The distance at which the EMR is measured will establish the SSD as long as the EMR is below HERO SAFE EME levels listed in Table 9, MIL-STD-464. Emissions may occur at various frequencies and the worst case EMR level shall be used to establish an SSD.

4.6.3. The following are safety procedures involving nuclear weapons in a non-Ultimate

User configuration, e.g., undergoing maintenance, (HERO UNSAFE nuclear weapon) and electronic devices that intentionally or unintentional emit EMR:

4.6.3.1. The use of electronic equipment within 10 feet of a nuclear weapon or associated nuclear weapon component is prohibited, unless:

4.6.3.1.1. An EMR survey is accomplished for the specific electronic device and the appropriate SSD established. Use the distance at which the measurement is performed to establish an SSD. Compare the EMR results with Table A2.3, which is illustrated in Figure A2.3 (Attachment 2), to ensure the EMR level poses no hazard. Emissions may occur at various frequencies and the worst case EMR level shall be used to establish the SSD. This applies to all unintentional emitters of EMR for which an SSD cannot be calculated IAW with this instruction due to unknown power or frequency characteristics.

4.6.3.1.2. The local Weapon Safety Office has determined the item is certified by the manufacturer to meet Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Radio Frequency

Devices, Class A and B limits, and is labeled accordingly. The item can be used in proximity to the nuclear weapon but must not come in direct contact with the nuclear weapon.

18 AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013

4.6.3.2. For an MME radiating at less than 1 Watt with known transmitter average power output, antenna gain, and transmission frequency, use Table A2.7 (Attachment

2), HERO UNSAFE column, to establish the SSD. The item must not come in direct contact with the nuclear weapon.

4.6.4. DELETED

MARGARET H. WOODWARD

Major General, USAF

Chief of Safety

AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013 19

Attachment 1

GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION

References

AFPD 33-5, Warfighter Integration, 11 January 2013

AFPD 91-2, Safety Programs, 24 July 2012

AFI 10-707, Spectrum Interference Resolution Program, 20 June 2005

AFI 21-201, Conventional Munitions Maintenance Management, 7 March 2012

AFI 33-33-580, Spectrum Management, 17 January 2013

AFI 91-202, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program, 5 August 2011, Incorporating

Change 2, 20 August 2013

AFI 91-205, Nonnuclear Munitions Safety Board, 12 April 2012

AFMAN 23-110, USAF Supply Manual, 1 April 2009, Incorporating Through Interim Change

11, 1 April 2012

AFMAN 33-363, Management of Records, 1 March 2008

AFMAN 91-118, Safety Design and Evaluation Criteria for Nuclear Weapon Systems, 4 August

2010, Incorporating Through Change 2, 19 October 2011

AFMAN 91-201, Explosives Safety Standards, 12 January 2011

AFSPCMAN 91-710, Range Safety User Requirements Manual, 1 July 2004

United States Air Force Airworthiness Bulletin-013A, Risk Identification and Acceptance for

Airworthiness Determination, 29 June 2011

Engineering Technical Letter 11-7, Nuclear Weapons-Capable Maintenance and Storage

Facilities, 1 September 2011

Technical Order 31Z-10-4, Joint Services Command, Control, Communication, and Computer

Systems Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards, 1 February 2005

DoD Directive 3222.3, DoD Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) Program, 8 September

DoD Directive 5000.01, The Defense Acquisition System, 12 May 2003, Certified Current as of

20 November 2007

DoD Directive 6055.9E, Explosives Safety Management and the DoD Explosives Safety Board, 19 August 2005

DoD Instruction 4650.01, Policy and Procedures for Management and Use of the

Electromagnetic Spectrum, 9 January 2009

DoD Instruction 5000.02, Operation of the Defense Acquisition System, 8 December 2008

DoD Manual 6055.09-M, DoD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards, 29 February 2008, Administratively Reissued, 4 August 2010

20 AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Telecommunications, Chapter I, Federal Communications

Commission

MIL-STD-464C, Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements for Systems, 21

December 2010

MIL-STD-882E, Standard Practice for System Safety, 11 May 2012

MIL-HDBK-235-1C, Military Operational Electromagnetic Environment Profiles, Part 1C, General Guidance, 1 October 2010

MIL-HDBK-235-7, Military Operational Electromagnetic Environment Profiles, Part 7, External Electromagnetic Environment Levels for Ordnance, 1 October 2010

MIL-HDBK-237D, Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Spectrum Supportability

Guidance for the Acquisition Process, 20 May 2005

MIL-HDBK-240A, Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance Test Guide, 10 March

National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Manual of Regulations and

Procedures for Federal RF Management, Chapter 5, Spectrum Standards, May 2011

Prescribed Forms

AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication

Abbreviations and Acronyms

AF—Air Force

AFB—Air Force Base

AFI—Air Force Instruction

AFLCMC—Air Force Life Cycle Management Center

AFMAN—Air Force Manual

AFMC—Air Force Material Command

AFNWC—Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center

AFPD—Air Force Policy Directive

AFSC—Force Sustainment Center

AFSEC—Air Force Safety Center

AFSEC/SEW—Air Force Safety Center, Weapons Safety Division

AFSMO—Air Force Spectrum Management Office

AFSPCMAN—Air Force Space Command Manual

CR—complete round

CRC—Complete Round Code

CRD—Complete Round Dictionary

AFI91-208 16 MAY 2013 21

DC—d…