Exhibit D - FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets2.pdf

January 2016 Interim Revision July 2022

ROOF DECK SECUREMENT AND ABOVE-DECK ROOF COMPONENTS

Note to Insureds of Factory Mutual Insurance Company: Contact the local FM office before beginning any roofing work.

Table of Contents Page

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 Changes

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Construction and Location

2.2.1 General Design Recommendations and Material Selection

2.2.2 General Installation Recommendations

2.2.3 Steel Roof Deck

2.2.4 Structural Concrete Roof Deck

2.2.5 Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Insulated Roof Deck Assemblies

2.2.6 Cementitious Panel Roof Deck

2.2.7 Lumber and Plywood Deck

2.2.8 Fire Retardant-Treated Lumber and Plywood

2.2.9 Lightweight Insulating Concrete (LWIC) and Form Deck

2.2.10 Above-Deck Roof Components (Other Than LWIC)

2.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance

3.0 SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Supplemental Information

3.1.1 Class 1 and Class 2 Roof Decks

3.1.2 Wind Uplift Resistance, Non-Ballasted Roof Covers

3.1.3 Wind Uplift Resistance, Ballasted Systems

3.1.4 External Combustibility

3.1.5 Re-Cover Construction

3.1.6 Wind Uplift

3.1.7 Wind Damage

3.1.8 Inferior Construction

3.1.9 Steel Deck and Eurocode Examples

4.0 REFERENCES

4.1 FM

4.2 Others

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS

APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

APPENDIX C SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION FOR PROPRIETARY PROTECTED MEMBRANE ROOF

SYSTEMS

C.1 Insulation Fastener Placement

List of Figures Fig. 1. Torch application of upper ply to a mechanically fastened base sheet Fig. 2. Protection for roof expansion joints Fig. 3a. Use of multiple deck fasteners in one steel deck rib Fig. 3b. Nominal weld diameter Fig. 3c. Side lap fastening: interlocking seam

FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 1-29

©2016-2022 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of Factory Mutual Insurance Company.

Fig. 3d. Side lap fastening: overlap seam Fig. 3e. Selected SDI weld patterns Fig. 4. One example of insulation and vapor retarder mechanically fastened to steel deck Fig. 5. Fastener layout for 36 in. (914 mm) wide base sheet Fig. 6a/6b. 4 × 4 ft (1.2 × 1.2 m) insulation boards secured with nine fasteners per board Fig. 7. Example problem based on the EuroCode Fig. C.1.1. Fastener placement 2 × 4 ft (0.6 × 1.2 m) boards used on steel decks with a 6 in. (150) module or rib spacing Fig. C.1.2. Fastener placement 3 × 4 ft (0.9 × 1.2 m) boards used on steel decks with a 6 in.

(150 mm) module or rib spacing Fig. C.1.3. Fastener placement 4 × 4 ft (1.2 × 1.2 m) boards used on steel decks with a 6 in.

(150) module or rib spacing Fig. C.1.4. Fastener placement 4 × 8 ft (1.2 × 2.4 m) boards used on steel decks with a 6 in. (150 mm) module or rib spacing

List of Tables Table 1A. Maximum Steel Deck Span (ft) for 11⁄21⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, 33,000 psi (228 MPa) Yield

Stress with a Mechanically Fastened Roof Cover Table 1A. Maximum Steel Deck Span (ft) for 11⁄21⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, 33,000 psi (228 MPa) Yield

Stress with a Mechanically Fastened Roof Cover (continued) Table 1B. Maximum Steel Deck Span (ft) for 1 1⁄21⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, Yield Stress ≥ 60,000 psi

(414 MPa) with a mechanically fastened Roof Cover Table 1B. Maximum Steel Deck Span (ft) for 11⁄21⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, Yield Stress ≥ 60,000 psi

(414 MPa) with a mechanically fastened Roof Cover (continued) Table 1C. Maximum Steel Deck Span (ft) for 11⁄21⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, Wide Rib (Type B) Steel Deck with an Adhered Roof Cover, for Wind Ratings from 60 to 225 psf (2.9 to 10.8 kPa) Table 1D. Maximum steel Deck span (ft) for 11⁄21⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, Wide Rib (Type B) Steel Deck with an Adhered Roof Cover, for wind ratings from 240 to 405 psf (11.5 to 19.4 kPa) Table 1E. 3 in. (75 mm) Deep, Type N Steel Deck with 8 in. (200 mm) Rib Spacing for Wind Ratings from 60 to 225 psf (2.9 to 10.8 kPa) Table 2. Steel Roof Deck, Zone 3 Enhancement Options for 6 in. (150 mm) Module (Rib Spacing), Common With 1 ½ in. (38 mm) Deep Deck Table 3. Steel Roof Deck, Zone 3 Enhancement Options for 8 in. (200 mm) Module (Rib Spacing), Common with 3 in. (75 mm) Deep Deck Table 4. Maximum Side Lap Securement Spacing Table 5. Nail Pullout Strength per in. (25 mm) of Penetration Table 6. Preliminary Insulation Securement for Fastened in the Seam MFSPs Table 7. Maximum Mean Height for Roofs with Aggregate Surfacing in Areas Not Prone to Tropical

Cyclones Table 2.2.10.11-1. Variables for Example Table 2.2.10.11-2 Summary for Example Table 8. Base Sheet Fastener Coverage for Non-FM Approved Combinations, ft2 per Fastener Table 9. Standard 36 in. (0.9 m) Base Sheet Fastening (Non-FM Approved Components). (See Fig. 5.) . 30 Table 10. Minimum Metal Disk or Fastener Head Size (Base Sheet Fasteners) Table 11. Stone Gradations: Percentage Passing Each Sieve By Weight (ASTM D448) Table 12. Weight Needed of No. 3 Round Stone Ballast, Parapet ≤ 36 in. (914 mm) Table 13. Weight Needed of No. 3 Round Stone Ballast, Parapet > 36 in. (914 mm) Table 14. Weight Needed of Paver Blocks: Not T&G, Beveled or Strapped to Each Other, Parapet ≤ 36 in. (914 mm) Table 15. Weight Needed of Paver Blocks: Not T&G, Beveled or Strapped to Each Other, Parapet > 36 in. (914 mm) Table 16. Weight Needed of Paver Blocks: T&G, Beveled or Strapped to Each Other, Parapet ≤ 36 in. (914 mm) Table 17. Weight Needed of Paver Blocks: T&G Beveled or Strapped to Each Other, Parapet > 36 in. (914 mm)

1-29 Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components Page 2 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

©2016-2022 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved.

1.0 SCOPE

This data sheet provides guidance on the following subjects:

A. Wind resistance, including:

1. The proper span and securement of steel roof decks to supporting members. This is appropriate information for the Structural Engineer of Record (SER).

2. The proper design and installation of above-deck roof components. This is appropriate information for the roofing professional.

B. Fire classification of roofs

Items covered include:

• roof covers

• insulation

• cover boards

• vapor retarders

• air barriers

• fasteners

• re-roof and re-cover assemblies

This data sheet is intended to be used in conjunction with RoofNav and Data Sheet 1-28, Wind Design.

See the following data sheets for guidance on subjects that are not covered in this data sheet:

Data Sheet 1-15, Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels

Data Sheet 1-42, Maximum Foreseeable Loss Limiting Factors, for guidance on roofs of buildings divided by MFL fire walls

Data Sheet 1-31, Panel Roof Systems, for guidance on panel roofs, including lap seam, standing seam, and insulated metal panels

Data Sheet 1-33, Safeguarding Torch-Applied Roof Installations

Data Sheet 1-34, Hail Damage

Data Sheet 1-49, Perimeter Flashing

Data Sheet 1-54, Roof Loads For New Construction, for guidance on gravity loads (e.g., snow, ponding)

Clients of FM should contact their local FM office before beginning any roofing design or construction.

1.1 Changes

July 2022. Interim Revision. Added guidance for the use of FM Approved roof leakage detection systems.

Also made minor editorial corrections.

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 Introduction

The recommendations provided in this document are not intended to supersede the requirements of any FM Approval (see Appendix A for definition). FM Approval listings in RoofNav, an online resource of FM Approvals, describe the requirements for a specific wind uplift rating, as well as ratings for hail, interior fire exposure, and exterior fire exposure. This data sheet covers other Zone 2/Zone 3 fastening methods. Use the recommendations in this data sheet to supplement the listings in RoofNav.

For re-roofing and re-covers, an analysis of the roof deck span and securement is needed before selecting an appropriate RoofNav assembly because the existing deck may not have been designed based on the

Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components 1-29 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 3 same assumptions. This is particularly true in regard to mechanically fastened roof covers with a larger spacing between rows of roof cover fasteners. Review of the RoofNav glossary definitions of recover and reroof is advised.

FM Approved insulated steel deck assemblies have an internal fire rating of Class 1. Some FM Approved roof insulations have a noncombustible core rating. Structural concrete roof decks are rated noncombustible with regard to internal fire exposure regardless of the above-deck components due to the substantial thermal barrier offered by the deck itself. Form boards used beneath existing gypsum decks may themselves be combustible.

2.2 Construction and Location

2.2.1 General Design Recommendations and Material Selection

2.2.1.1. Use FM Approved roof assemblies as noted in RoofNav for all installations. Ensure the assembly has the appropriate rating for wind and hail resistance and exterior fire exposure.

Using individually FM Approved components that have not been FM Approved for use together does not constitute an FM Approved assembly.

Determine recommended FM Approvals wind uplift ratings for roof assemblies per RoofNav Ratings Calculator and Data Sheet 1-28, Wind Design. Do not use any system beyond its FM Approval rating. Select assemblies based on the required wind rating for the specific roof area (Zone 1’, 1, 2, or 3). Alternatively, refer to Sections

2.2.10.1 for prescriptive Zone 2 and Zone 3 enhancements. Prescriptive enhancements for Zone 2 and Zone 3 are based on the roof system installed in Zone 1 only.

2.2.1.2 Use FM Approved materials that have the FM Approval mark on the packaging or the material itself.

Materials without proper labeling are not FM Approved.

2.2.1.3 Use FM Approved perimeter flashing systems where available. Secure nailers in accordance with Data Sheet 1-49, Perimeter Flashing.

2.2.1.4 Provide a minimum roof slope of 1.2° (1/4 per 12) to facilitate drainage and optimize roof longevity.

Refer to Data Sheet 1-54, Roof Loads for New Construction, for additional guidance regarding roof slope and drainage. Do not exceed the roof slope listed in RoofNav for the assembly because that will compromise the exterior fire rating.

Exception: Coal tar BUR roof covers may be installed at slopes as low as 1/8 in. per ft (0.6°). Due to the low softening temperature of coal tar, the maximum roof slope should not exceed ½ in. per ft (2.4°).

2.2.1.5 Select the type and span of the steel deck in accordance with RoofNav and Section 2.2.3 of this document.

2.2.1.6 If roof electronic leak detection (ELD) systems are to be installed, do all of the following:

A. Use only FM Approved ELD systems.

B. Use FM Approved roof assemblies that specifically include the FM Approved ELD system within the RoofNav listing.

C. Install the system in accordance with both the RoofNav listing and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

D. Install roof assemblies so fasteners do not penetrate leak location grid components of ELD systems, where applicable. This is particularly important for roof assembly prescriptive enhancement that includes mechanically fastened layers.

Use of an FM Approved ELD system within a roof assembly that does not include the system does not constitute an FM Approved assembly.

1-29 Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components Page 4 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

FM Approval of roof assemblies with ELD systems includes testing the leak detection system and verifying the ELD system does not adversely affect the wind uplift rating of the roof assembly.

2.2.2 General Installation Recommendations

2.2.2.1 Provide thorough supervision by the building owner’s qualified representative during all roof construction to ensure quality of workmanship and adherence to FM Approval standards and project specifications.

2.2.2.2 Install “torch-applied” roof covers in accordance with Data Sheet 1-33, Safeguarding Torch-Applied Roof Installation, to prevent an accidental fire.

2.2.2.3 Install torch-applied covers to ensure adequate adhesion and wind uplift resistance. Ensure the following where practical and safe:

A. The torch applicator should face the leading edge of the roll and pull the roll toward them. Walking behind the roll and pushing the roll results in an improper angle for torch flame impingement onto the roll and damage to the cover from walking on the heated and softened sheet layer.

B. The torch flame should be passed back and forth across the leading edge of the roll, with most of the flame impinging on the leading edge of the roll, and only slight heating of the substrate below.

C. The roll should not be overheated, such as to cause excessive smoke.

D. The bitumen should be allowed to pool slightly at the leading edge of the roll across its entire width as the sheet is unrolled (see Fig. 1).

2.2.2.4 Follow guidance in DS 1-0 regarding the temporary storage of combustible roofing materials and other issues related to safety during construction and alterations.

Fig. 1. Torch application of upper ply to a mechanically fastened base sheet — Note adhesive pooling at the leading edge of the roll. Also, screws and stress plates or batten bars are steel as they could come in contact with the torch flame. The screws in this figure are actually coated steel, not plastic.

Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components 1-29 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 5

2.2.2.5 Prevent over-stressing of the roof deck due to possible high concentrated loads during construction.

This includes rolls of membrane and gravel carts. When the weight of individual rolls of single-ply membrane exceeds 1100 lb (500 kg), use precautions such as plywood sheets over steel deck to reduce point loads.

2.2.2.6 Protect roof expansion joints by filling the space between nailers with noncombustible, compressible insulation, such as mineral wool. Cover the expansion joint with flashing made of galvanized steel, zinc-aluminum-coated steel, or stainless steel secured in accordance with Data Sheet 1-49. An example is shown in Figure 2. Similar details can be found in the NRCA Roofing Manual: Membrane Roof Systems.

2.2.2.7 Provide adequate separation and/or noncombustible insulation between hot exhaust stacks and combustible roof components. See DS 1-13, Chimneys, for details.

2.2.2.8 Ensure all above-deck components are dry and surfaces are free of debris or dirt prior to adhering roof covers to them. This will help ensure complete adhesion of the cover to its substrate.

2.2.2.9 In locations that are prone to tropical cyclones, plan roof installations that use cold-process adhesives to ensure adequate curing time prior to potential exposure from a tropical cyclone. Also, see Section 3.1.2.2.

2.2.2.10 Apply adhesives in accordance with the manufacturer’s temperature limitations.

2.2.3 Steel Roof Deck

2.2.3.1 Select a RoofNav assembly after determining the needed wind, hail, and interior and exterior fire ratings. Use the center-to-center spacing of supports to determine the deck span.

2.2.3.2 When designing the steel deck, give consideration to the needed wind rating, and how the load is applied (concentrated vs. uniformly distributed) from the above-deck components to the deck. Where the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is greater than half the deck span, treat as a concentrated load.

As an alternative to using Tables 1A or 1B for concentrated loads, a performance-based approach may be used if calculations are conducted by a licensed S.E. or P.E. in structural engineering. This applies to situations where the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is greater than one-half the deck span. Make the following assumptions:

A. Assume a 3-span structural condition.

B. Assume the first row of roof cover fasteners is located at mid-point of the first deck span.

C. Assume maximum allowable strength is determined using allowable strength design (ASD) in accordance with AISI S100-2016, or comparable standard outside the United States.

Due to the more brittle nature of higher grade steels, the maximum yield stress used in the analysis is 60,000 psi (414 MPa), even for 80,000 psi (552 MPa) yield stress steel. Use Tables 1A through 1E as follows to facilitate deck selection:

Fig. 2. Protection for roof expansion joints

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Table 1A. Use for roof covers or base plies that are mechanically fastened to the steel deck when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is more than half the deck span and the deck is 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) deep, wide rib (Type B) with a minimum yield stress of 33,000 psi (228 MPa).

Table 1B. Use for roof covers or base plies that are mechanically fastened to the steel deck when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is more than half the deck span and the deck is 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) deep, wide rib (Type B) with a minimum yield stress of 60,000 psi (414 MPa).

Note: Where the minimum specified yield stress is between 33,000 psi (228 MPa) and 60,000 psi (414 MPa), it is reasonably accurate to interpolate the maximum deck span linearly based on Tables 1A and 1B.

Table 1C. Use for roof covers or base plies that are adhered to insulation or cover board, or mechanically fastened to the steel deck when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is one-half the deck span or less and the deck is 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) deep, wide rib (Type B) with minimum yield stresses of 33,000 psi (228 MPa) and ultimate wind ratings of from 60 to 225 psf (2.9 to 10.8 kPa).

Table 1D. Use for roof covers or base plies that are adhered to insulation or cover board, or mechanically fastened to the steel deck when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is one-half the deck span or less and the deck is 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) deep, wide rib (Type B) with minimum yield stresses of 33,000 psi (228 MPa) and ultimate wind ratings of from 240 to 405 psf (11.5 to 19.4 kPa).

Table 1E. Use for roof covers or base plies that are adhered to insulation or cover board, or mechanically fastened to the steel deck when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is one-half the deck span or less and the deck is 3 in. (75 mm) deep, with an 8 in. (200 mm) rib spacing (Type N) with minimum yield stresses of 33,000 psi (228 MPa) and ultimate wind ratings of from 60 to 225 psf (2.9 to 10.8 kPa).

NOTE for Tables 1A through 1E: Maximum spans may vary slightly depending on the exact section properties for the specific deck.

Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components 1-29 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 7

Table 1A. Maximum Steel Deck Span (ft) for 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, 33,000 psi (228 MPa) Yield Stress with a Mechanically Fastened Roof Cover (Note: Use this table when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is more than one-half the deck span.)

Max Deck Spans By Wind Rating/Fastener Spacing, Sheet Gauge for 33 ksi, 11⁄2 in. Deep Wide Rib Deck Roof Cover

Fastener Row Spacing

(ft)

Gauge Wind Rating [psf] 330 315 300 285 270 255 240 225 210 195 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60

3.5 18 4.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6

4 18 4.5 4.5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - 4 4.5 4.5 5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

4.5 18 - 4 4 4.5 5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - 4 4 5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6

5 18 - - - 4 4 4.5 5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 6 6 6 6 6

5.5 18 - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 5 6 6 6 6

6 18 - - - - - - - - 4 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 5.5 6 6 6

6.5 18 - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 5.5 6 6

7 18 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 6 6

7.5 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 6 6

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Table 1A. Maximum Steel Deck Span (ft) for 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, 33,000 psi (228 MPa) Yield Stress with a Mechanically Fastened Roof Cover (continued) (Note: Use this table when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is more than one-half the deck span.)

Max Deck Spans By Wind Rating/Fastener Spacing, Sheet Gauge for 33 ksi, 11⁄2 in. Deep Wide Rib Deck Roof Cover

Fastener Row Spacing

(ft)

Gauge Wind Rating [psf] 330 315 300 285 270 255 240 225 210 195 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60

8 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5.5 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 6

8.5 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 6

9 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5.5 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5

9.5 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4.5 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5

10 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5

10.5 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5.5 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5

11 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 5 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 5.5 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5

11.5 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5.5 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 5 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4

12 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4

Roof Cover Fastener

Row Spacing

Gauge 330 315 300 285 270 255 240 225 210 195 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 Wind Rating [psf]

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Table 1B. Maximum Steel Deck Span (ft) for 1 1⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, Yield Stress ≥ 60,000 psi (414 MPa) with a mechanically fastened Roof Cover (Note: Use this table when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is more than one-half the deck span.)

Max Deck Spans By Wind Rating/Fastener Spacing, Sheet Gauge for 80 ksi, 11⁄2 in. Deep Wide Rib Deck Roof Cover

Fastener Row Spacing

(ft)

Gauge Wind Rating [psf] 330 315 300 285 270 255 240 225 210 195 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60

3.5 18 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

4 18 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 4.5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

4.5 18 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 5.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 4 4 4.5 5 5 5.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

5 18 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 4.5 5 5.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - 4 4 4.5 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

5.5 18 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 4 4.5 4.5 5 5.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

6 18 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

6.5 18 4.5 5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - 4 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

7 18 - 4 4 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - 4 4 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6

7.5 18 - - - 4 4.5 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 6 6 6 6 6 6

8 18 - - - - 4 4 4.5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 6 6 6 6 6

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Table 1B. Maximum Steel Deck Span (ft) for 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, Yield Stress ≥ 60,000 psi (414 MPa) with a mechanically fastened Roof Cover (continued) (Note: Use this table when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is more than one-half the deck span.)

Max Deck Spans By Wind Rating/Fastener Spacing, Sheet Gauge for 80 ksi, 11⁄2 in. Deep Wide Rib Deck Roof Cover

Fastener Row Spacing

(ft)

Gauge Wind Rating [psf] 330 315 300 285 270 255 240 225 210 195 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60

8.5 18 - - - - - 4 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 6 6 6 6

9 18 - - - - - - 4 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5.5 6 6 6

9.5 18 - - - - - - 4 4 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4.5 5 6 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 6 6 6

10 18 - - - - - - - 4 4 4.5 4.5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 4.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4.5 5.5 6 6

10.5 18 - - - - - - - 4 4 4.5 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4.5 5 6 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5.5 6 6

11 18 - - - - - - - - 4 4 4.5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 6 6

11.5 18 - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 6 6

12 18 - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4.5 5 6 6 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 5.5 6

Roof Cover Fastener

Row Spacing

Gauge 330 315 300 285 270 255 240 225 210 195 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 Wind Rating [psf]

R o o f

D eck

S ecu rem en t an d A b o ve-D eck

R o o f

C o m p o n en ts

1-29 F

M P ro p erty L o ss

P reven tio n

D ata

S h eets P age

2016-2022

F actory

M utualInsurance

C om pany.A

Table 1C. Maximum Steel Deck Span (ft) for 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, Wide Rib (Type B) Steel Deck with an Adhered Roof Cover, for Wind Ratings from 60 to 225 psf (2.9 to 10.8 kPa)

(NOTE: Use this table when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is one-half the deck span or less. Green font indicates that deflection governs over bending stress.)

Yield Stress psi Deck

Gauge

Ultimate Wind Rating per RoofNav (psf) Maximum Span (ft)

60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 33,000 22 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.07 6.67 6.33 6.03 5.78 5.55 5.35 5.17

20 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.43 7.05 6.72 6.44 6.18 5.96 5.76 18 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 8.66 8.22 7.84 7.50 7.21 6.95 6.71 16 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 9.89 9.38 8.94 8.56 8.23 7.93 7.66

40,000 22 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 6.96 6.64 6.35 6.10 5.88 5.68 20 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.76 7.40 7.08 6.80 6.56 6.33 18 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.04 8.62 8.25 7.93 7.64 7.38 16 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.32 9.84 9.42 9.05 8.72 8.43

45,000 22 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.04 6.74 6.48 6.24 6.03 20 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.51 7.22 6.95 6.72 18 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 8.76 8.41 8.11 7.83 16 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 9.99 9.60 9.25 8.94

50,000 22 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 6.93 6.66 6.42 6.20 20 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.72 7.42 7.15 6.91 18 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.00 8.65 8.33 8.05 16 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.28 9.87 9.51 9.19

55,000 22 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 6.90 6.67 20 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.69 7.43 18 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 8.97 8.66 16 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.24 9.89

60,000

22 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 6.97 20 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.78 7.77 18 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.08 9.06 16 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.36 10.34

Green font indicates that deflection governs over bending stress.

1-29 Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components Page 12 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

Table 1D. Maximum steel Deck span (ft) for 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) Deep, Wide Rib (Type B) Steel Deck with an Adhered Roof Cover, for wind ratings from 240 to 405 psf (11.5 to 19.4 kPa)

(NOTE: Use this table when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is one-half the deck span or less.)

Yield Stress psi Deck

Gauge

Ultimate Wind Rating per RoofNav (psf) Maximum Span (ft)

240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360 375 390 405 33,000 22 5.00 4.85 4.72 4.59 4.47 4.37 4.27 4.17 4.08 4.00 3.92 3.85

20 5.57 5.41 5.26 5.12 4.99 4.87 4.75 4.65 4.55 4.46 4.37 4.29 18 6.50 6.30 6.13 5.96 5.81 5.67 5.54 5.42 5.30 5.20 5.10 5.00 16 7.42 7.19 6.99 6.81 6.63 6.47 6.32 6.19 6.06 5.93 5.82 5.71

40,000 22 5.50 5.34 5.19 5.05 4.92 4.80 4.69 4.59 4.49 4.40 4.32 4.24 20 6.13 5.95 5.78 5.63 5.48 5.35 5.23 5.11 5.01 4.91 4.81 4.72 18 7.15 6.93 6.74 6.56 6.39 6.24 6.09 5.96 5.84 5.72 5.61 5.50 16 8.16 7.91 7.69 7.49 7.30 7.12 6.96 6.80 6.66 6.53 6.40 6.28

45,000 22 5.84 5.66 5.50 5.36 5.22 5.10 4.98 4.87 4.77 4.67 4.58 4.49 20 6.51 6.31 6.13 5.97 5.82 5.68 5.55 5.43 5.31 5.20 5.10 5.01 18 7.58 7.36 7.15 6.96 6.78 6.62 6.47 6.32 6.19 6.07 5.95 5.84 16 8.65 8.40 8.16 7.94 7.74 7.55 7.38 7.22 7.07 6.92 6.79 6.66

50,000 22 6.00 5.82 5.66 5.51 5.37 5.24 5.12 5.01 4.90 4.80 4.71 4.62 20 6.47 6.27 6.10 5.93 5.78 5.64 5.51 5.39 5.28 5.17 5.07 4.98 18 7.54 7.31 7.11 6.92 6.74 6.58 6.43 6.29 6.15 6.03 5.91 5.80 16 8.60 8.35 8.11 7.89 7.69 7.51 7.34 7.18 7.02 6.88 6.75 6.62

55,000 22 6.46 6.27 6.09 5.93 5.78 5.64 5.51 5.39 5.27 5.17 5.07 4.97 20 7.20 6.98 6.79 6.60 6.44 6.28 6.14 6.00 5.88 5.76 5.65 5.54 18 8.39 8.14 7.91 7.70 7.50 7.32 7.15 7.00 6.85 6.71 6.58 6.46 16 9.57 9.29 9.03 8.79 8.56 8.36 8.17 7.99 7.82 7.66 7.51 7.37

60,000

22 6.75 6.55 6.37 6.20 6.04 5.89 5.76 5.63 5.51 5.40 5.30 5.20 20 7.53 7.30 7.10 6.91 6.73 6.57 6.42 6.28 6.14 6.02 5.90 5.79 18 8.77 8.51 8.27 8.05 7.85 7.66 7.48 7.32 7.16 7.02 6.88 6.75 16 10.01 9.71 9.44 9.19 8.95 8.74 8.54 8.35 8.17 8.01 7.85 7.71

Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components 1-29 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 13

Table 1E. 3 in. (75 mm) Deep, Type N Steel Deck with 8 in. (200 mm) Rib Spacing for Wind Ratings from 60 to 225 psf (2.9 to 10.8 kPa)

(NOTE: Use this table when the distance between rows of roof cover fasteners is one-half the deck span or less. Green font indicates that deflection governs over bending stress.)

Yield Stress psi Deck

Gauge

Ultimate Wind Rating per RoofNav (psf) Maximum Span (ft)

60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 33,000 22 13.29 11.88 10.85 10.04 9.40 8.86 8.40 8.01 7.67 7.37 7.10 6.86

20 14.83 13.27 12.11 11.21 10.49 9.89 9.38 8.94 8.56 8.23 7.93 7.66 18 17.39 15.56 14.20 13.15 12.30 11.60 11.00 10.49 10.04 9.65 9.30 8.98 16 20.45 18.29 16.69 15.46 14.46 13.63 12.93 12.33 11.80 11.34 10.93 10.56

40,000 22 14.62 13.07 11.93 11.05 10.34 9.74 9.24 8.81 8.44 8.11 7.81 7.55 20 16.32 14.59 13.32 12.33 11.54 10.88 10.32 9.84 9.42 9.05 8.72 8.43 18 19.13 17.11 15.62 14.46 13.53 12.75 12.10 11.54 11.05 10.61 10.23 9.88 16 22.28 20.12 18.36 17.00 15.90 14.99 14.22 13.56 12.98 12.48 12.02 11.61

45,000 22 14.82 13.87 12.66 11.72 10.96 10.34 9.81 9.35 8.95 8.60 8.29 8.01 20 16.56 15.48 14.13 13.08 12.24 11.54 10.95 10.44 9.99 9.60 9.25 8.94 18 19.48 18.15 16.57 15.34 14.35 13.53 12.84 12.24 11.72 11.26 10.85 10.48 16 22.28 21.34 19.48 18.04 16.87 15.91 15.09 14.39 13.78 13.23 12.75 12.32

50,000 22 14.82 14.26 13.02 12.05 11.27 10.63 10.08 9.62 9.21 8.84 8.52 8.23 20 16.56 15.92 14.53 13.45 12.59 11.87 11.26 10.73 10.28 9.87 9.51 9.19 18 19.48 18.67 17.04 15.78 14.76 13.91 13.20 12.59 12.05 11.58 11.16 10.78 16 22.28 21.94 20.03 18.55 17.35 16.36 15.52 14.79 14.16 13.61 13.11 12.67

55,000 22 14.82 14.82 14.01 12.97 12.13 11.44 10.85 10.34 9.90 9.52 9.17 8.86 20 16.56 16.56 15.63 14.48 13.54 12.77 12.11 11.55 11.06 10.62 10.24 9.89 18 19.48 19.48 18.33 16.97 15.88 14.97 14.20 13.54 12.96 12.46 12.00 11.60 16 22.28 22.28 21.55 19.95 18.66 17.60 16.69 15.92 15.24 14.64 14.11 13.63

60,000

22 14.82 14.82 14.65 13.56 12.68 11.96 11.34 10.82 10.36 9.95 9.59 9.26 20 16.56 16.56 16.35 15.14 14.16 13.35 12.66 12.07 11.56 11.11 10.70 10.34 18 19.48 19.48 19.17 17.75 16.60 15.65 14.85 14.16 13.56 13.02 12.55 12.13 16 22.28 22.28 22.54 20.86 19.52 18.40 17.46 16.64 15.94 15.31 14.75 14.25

Green font indicates that deflection governs over bending stress

2.2.3.3 If the deck type and span have already been installed, do the following, select the RoofNav assembly based on deck type and span used. Consider higher wind loads in Zone 2, Zone 3, and Zone 1, if applicable.

In some cases the deck type and span may be designed for the highest wind load (Zone 3) that can occur on any area of the roof. In other cases, the deck type and span may be designed for Zone 1 and a reduced span may be used in Zone 2 and Zone 3.

If the deck design assumes the wind load was uniformly applied from the roof cover to the deck, this may prevent the use of MFSP roof covers, or limit the design to those for which roof cover fastener row spacing is close enough to prevent overstress of the roof deck.

2.2.3.4 Provide deck securement as required by RoofNav for the needed wind rating using one of the following methods:

A. Performance-based approach: Where RoofNav assemblies are selected to account for the higher wind ratings needed in Zone 2 and Zone 3, the entry for the RoofNav assembly will address the specific securement requirements.

B. Prescriptive enhancement approach: Where a single RoofNav assembly is selected based on the needed Zone 1 rating (assuming deck span is adequate for all areas as noted above), enhance deck securement in Zone 2 and Zone 3 as follows:

1. Zone 2: Increase deck securement by a minimum of 50% compared to that required by RoofNav for the Zone 1 rating.

2. Zone 3: Provide deck securement equivalent to at least 2 times that required by the RoofNav listing for Zone 1 and in accordance with Tables 2 or 3, where applicable.

1-29 Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components Page 14 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

In most cases, due to steel deck module spacing, it will be practical for both Zone 2 and Zone 3 to provide deck securement equivalent to 2 times that required by the RoofNav listing for Zone 1.

Table 2. Steel Roof Deck, Zone 3 Enhancement Options for 6 in. (150 mm) Module (Rib Spacing), Common With 1 ½

in. (38 mm) Deep Deck

Required Zone 1 Securement Zone 3 Securement 5/8 in. welds @ 12 in. (300 mm) 5/8 in. welds or FM Approved deck fasteners @ 6 in.

(150 mm) 5/8 in. welds @ 6 in. (150 mm) Two 5/8 in. welds or two FM Approved deck fasteners @

6 in. (150 mm) 3/4 in. welds @ 12 in. (300 mm) ¾ in. welds or FM Approved deck fasteners @ 6 in.

(150 mm) 3/4 in. welds @ 6 in. (150 mm) Two ¾ in. welds or two FM Approved deck fasteners @ 6

in. (150 mm) One FM Approved deck fastener @ 12 in. (300 mm) One FM Approved deck fastener with minimum ½ in.

integral washer diameter or ¾ in. washer @ 6 in.

(150 mm)

One FM Approved dek fasteners @ 6 in. (150 mm) Two FM Approved deck fasteners withminimum ½ in.

integral washer diameter or ¾ in. washers @ 6 in. (150 mm)

Two FM Approved deck fasteners @ 6 in. (150 mm) Two FM Approved deck fastener with ¾ in. washer @ 6

in. (150 mm)

Table 3. Steel Roof Deck, Zone 3 Enhancement Options for 8 in. (200 mm) Module (Rib Spacing), Common with 3 in.

(75 mm) Deep Deck

Required Zone 1 Securement Zone 3 Securement 5/8 in. welds @ 8 in. (200 mm) Two 5/8 in. welds or two FM Approved deck fasteners @

8 in. (200 mm) ¾ in. welds @ 8 in. (200 mm) Two ¾ in. welds or two FM Approved deck fasteners @

8 in. (200 mm) One FM Approved deck fastener @ 8 in. (200 mm) Two FM Approved deck fasteners with minimum 1/2 in.

integral washer diameter or 3/4 in. washer @ 8 in. (200 mm)

Two 5/8 in. (16 mm) welds @ 8 in. (200 mm) Two FM Approved deck fasteners with ¾ in. washers @ 8 in. (200 mm)

Note: Where deck welds are used, the weld size listed is the visible outer diameter or nominal diameter as seen from the top surface (see Fig. 3b). The effective diameter is somewhat less, however, than is accounted for within the supporting calculations.

2.2.3.5 Provide additional securement and side lap fastening for the deck as needed for complete re-roofs (stripped down to the deck) where the existing installation details do not meet current criteria.

The use of mechanical deck fasteners is preferred over welding for fire prevention reasons on occupied buildings. Where welding must be used, see Data Sheet 1-0 and Data Sheet 10-3.

2.2.3.6 Secure the deck to supporting members at each deck side lap, regardless of the resultant securement spacing.

2.2.3.7 Secure deck side laps to each other between supports as follows:

A. For interlocking side laps (Fig. 3c), secure both sides of the lap (upper and lower) to each other. The installer must stand on the upper side of the lap.

B. For overlapping side laps (Fig. 3d), ensure securement penetrates all deck panels at the laps. The installer must stand on the upper side of the lap.

2.2.3.8 When Steel Deck Institute (SDI) deck-weld patterns are specified for use with 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) deep deck, 24/3 or 36/4 patterns are acceptable where a maximum 12 in. (300 mm) securement spacing is recommended or FM Approved. Where a maximum 6 in. (150 mm) securement spacing is recommended or FM Approved, 24/5, 24/7, 30/6, 30/8, 36/7, or 36/9 patterns are acceptable. See Figure 3e.

Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components 1-29 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 15

Fig. 3a. Use of multiple deck fasteners in one steel deck rib

Fig. 3b. Nominal weld diameter

Nominal diameter

Effective diameter

Fig. 3c. Side lap fastening: interlocking seam.

1-29 Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components Page 16 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

2.2.3.9 Provide mechanical fastening at all deck side laps as noted in Table 4 unless the FM Approval listing specifically requires a closer spacing, or a closer spacing is required by the Structural Engineer of Record (SER) for diaphragm resistance.

A. Fasten overlapping side laps with FM Approved side lap fasteners.

B. Interlocking laps can be fastened by button punching in Class 1-90 and lower.

C. Do not weld side laps.

D. Stand on the higher side when installing side lap securement

Table 4. Maximum Side Lap Securement Spacing

Zone 1 RoofNav Rating (psf) Zone 1, in. (mm) Zone 2, in. (mm) Zone 3, in. (mm)

< = 90 36 (914) 30 (762) 30 (762) 105 - 120 30 (762) 15 (381) 15 (381) > = 135 24 (610) 15 (381) 15 (381)

2.2.3.10 Install individual steel deck sections so they terminate over structural supports, and ensure the deck sections are installed so they overlap each other a minimum of 2 in. (50 mm). Where the design requires two deck fasteners or welds per connection, increase the length of the end lap to 4 in. (100 mm) and ensure that both fasteners or welds penetrate both overlapping deck sections.

2.2.3.11 For new construction, the structural engineer of record (SER) is responsible for determining if more stringent design criteria is needed with regard to the deck type and securement, such as providing design diaphragm resistance in conjunction with wind uplift resistance.

Fig. 3d. Side lap fastening: overlap seam.

Fig. 3e. Selected SDI weld patterns

Securement Patterns Deck

Width (ft) S

(in)

= Equivalent Weld Spacing (in.) per Roof

= For 24/7,30/8 and 36/9 two welds are used at the outer ribs.

S Nav.

2.5

24/3

36/4

36/7

30/6

24/5

Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components 1-29 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 17

2.2.3.12 Acoustical Steel Deck

Acoustical roof deck is used for sound absorption, and FM Approved versions of this deck are available. It is similar to non-acoustical deck except it is perforated with small holes. Glass or mineral fiber insulation is usually field-applied within the ribs to increase the sound absorption performance. This insulation may also enhances the internal fire performance. Some FM Approved acoustical decks consist of a perforated steel sheet added to the bottom of non-acoustic steel deck.

2.2.3.12.1 Avoid the use of acoustical steel deck in oily or dusty occupancies because oil or dust may collect within the deck rib openings and increase the fire hazard.

2.2.3.12.2 For acoustical decks without the added perforated bottom sheet noted above, apply a 10% reduction to the allowable deck spans noted in Tables 1a through 1f. Those tables are for solid decks. The deck strength for acoustical deck is reduced by 5% compared to solid deck that is identical in all other aspects. The allowable spans for FM Approved acoustical deck were calculated considering the reduced strength.

2.2.4 Structural Concrete Roof Deck

2.2.4.1 Where concrete is to be used, use normal-weight structural concrete (approximately 145 pcf, 2300 kg/m3) with a minimum ultimate compressive strength (f’C) of 2500 psi (17.2 MPa).

2.2.4.2 Lightweight Structural Concrete (LWSC) Roof Deck

2.2.4.2.1 Where the structure will not safely support normal-weight concrete and therefore lightweight structural concrete (90-115 pcf [1440-1840 kg/m3]) must be used (e.g., to provide required fire-resistance ratings), design the concrete and its reinforcement as a noncomposite type and pour the LWSC over removable forms.

Lightweight aggregate retains a great deal of moisture that will be released for several months after the concrete has hardened and will be absorbed by abovedeck components. This will damage and weaken those components, resulting in damage from winds below design speeds, or premature deterioration requiring replacement.

2.2.4.2.2 Where the use of removable forms is not practical, take the following precautions to prevent moisture damage to above-deck roof components:

A. Use the lowest reasonable water-to-cement (w/c) ratio in the concrete mix. “Water reducers” may be used in the concrete mix; however, do not use water-reducing admixtures that contain calcium chloride or other chloride salts that are corrosive to the steel form deck.

In addition, do one of the following (B or C):

B. Use an FM Approved assembly consisting of a mechanically fastened modified bitumen base sheet directly over a concrete deck followed by adhered components above, or

C. Ensure the concrete roof deck is dry before installing the above-deck components. In some cases, this could take months. Perform a test to ensure the moisture migration has been reduced to a level where damage to above-deck components is unlikely based on the product manufacturer’s recommendations (note: neither the Plastic Sheet Method Test [ASTM D4263] nor the Calcium Chloride Test [ASTM F1869] are recommended for this purpose). The test procedures and acceptance criteria must first be agreed upon by all stakeholders.

Note: The following are NOT considered substitutes for the above recommendations:

• The use of a vented steel form deck alone (without one of the above alternatives) because it will have limited impact on moisture reduction.

• The use of above-deck components that are resistant to moisture.

2.2.4.3 Ensure wind uplift securement of precast concrete planks (approximately 2 by 8 ft [0.6 by 2.4 m] long) is designed by a professional civil or structural engineer (PE).

Ensure clips used to secure the planks to roof framing are provided on both sides of each plank at their junction with the secondary roof framing. Design the clips for the design wind load using a minimum safety factor of 2.0. When used in corrosive occupancies, use stainless steel clips.

1-29 Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components Page 18 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

2.2.5 Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Insulated Roof Deck Assemblies

2.2.5.1 FRP Deck

2.2.5.1.1 Ensure the deck is secured in accordance with the RoofNav listing to meet the needed wind pressures for Zones 1’, 1, 2, and 3.

2.2.5.1.2 Where the deck design is based on Zone 1 wind pressure, ensure the Zone 2 and 3 details for the deck span and fastening are adequate to resist the higher wind pressures in these areas.

Use prescriptive deck enhancement that meets one of the following criteria:

A. The deck span may be reduced to 2/3 and 1/2 of that required for Zone 1 for Zone 2 and Zone 3, respectively.

B. For decks whose span is adequate for higher wind pressures in Zone 2 and/or Zone 3 based on bending stress, increase the number of deck fasteners or fastener securement strength in Zone 2 and Zone 3 by a minimum of 50% and 80%, respectively.

2.2.6 Cementitious Panel Roof Deck

Cementitious panel roof decks are reinforced with wood fiber or glass fiber.

2.2.6.1 Ensure the deck span and its securement is in accordance with the RoofNav listing for the wind ratings in each Zone of the roof.

Exception: Prescriptive deck enhancement meeting one of the following criteria (A or B) may be acceptable:

A. The deck span may be reduced to 67% and 50% of that required for Zone 1 for Zone 2 and Zone 3, respectively.

B. For decks whose span is adequate for higher wind pressures needed in Zone 2 and/or Zone 3 based on bending stress, deck securement may be increased as follows:

1. For decks that are through-fastened to supports, increase the number of fasteners or fastener securement strength in Zone 2 and Zone 3 by a minimum of 50% and 80% respectively.

2. For decks that are secured with clips at their side-laps, increase the number of clips or clip securement strength in Zone 2 and Zone 3 by a minimum of 50% and 80% in Zone 2 and Zone 3 respectively.

2.2.7 Lumber and Plywood Deck

2.2.7.1 Where ordinary (non-fire-retardant treated) plywood is used, base the plywood type, span, and securement on the guidelines in ″Designing Commercial Roofs to Withstand Wind Uplift Forces″, which can be found at apawood.org

2.2.7.2 Provide sprinklers directly below the wood roof.

2.2.7.3 Where nominal 2 in. (51 mm) lumber is to be used for the roof deck, provide sprinklers directly below the roof and fasten it as follows:

A. Determine the design wind load and multiply by the tributary area of the nail, to determine the required resistance of the nail.

B. Determine the nail penetration into the support.

C. Determine the nail pullout strength by multiplying penetration length by the appropriate Pullout Resistance per in of Penetration value in Table 5.

D. Ensure the nail pullout strength is at leasttwice the design load of the nail.

E. Increase the fastening strength at Zone 2 and Zone 3 by a minimum of 50% and 80% respectively.

Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components 1-29 FM Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 19 http://www.apawood.org

Table 5. Nail Pullout Strength per in. (25 mm) of Penetration

Nail Size (pennyweight) Diameter, in. (mm) Pullout Resistance per in. (25 mm) of

Penetration, lb (N) 8d 0.131 (3.33) 26 (116)

10d or 12d 0.148 (3.76) 30 (133) 16d 0.162 (4.11) 32 (142) 20d 0.192 (4.88) 38 (169) 30d 0.207 (5.26) 41 (182)

2.2.8 Fire Retardant-Treated Lumber and Plywood

2.2.8.1 This section does not apply to ordinary wood protected with surface coatings. For more information related to fire retardant-treated lumber and plywood (FRTW), see Data Sheet, 1-61. Multiply a strength reduction factor equal to 0.9 times the values given in Section 2.2.7 for the design of fastening when using

FRTW.

2.2.9 Lightweight Insulating Concrete (LWIC) and Form Deck

Lightweight insulating concrete (LWIC) is an above-deck component. It is always poured in place and as such is listed in RoofNav as an insulation. It is installed over concrete decks or steel form decks.

2.2.9.1 LWIC Design Recommendations

2.2.9.1.1 Ensure all steel form decks are FM Approved and made of galvanized steel. Do not use aluminum alloy coatings.

2.2.9.1.2 When the roof cover or base sheet used over LWIC is fastened directly into the steel form deck (similar to typical insulated steel deck assemblies), refer to Section 2.2.3 regarding deck span and securement.

When re-roofing is conducted over existing LWIC, this may be a more practical alternative if the steel deck span and securement is adequate. Some base sheet fasteners for use in LWIC are designed to be driven within a few days after the LWIC is poured and they may not properly penetrate the LWIC after it has completely hardened.

2.2.9.1.3 In regions not prone to tropical cyclones, do one of the following:

A. Ensure the assembly meets all RoofNav requirements for the specific wind rating for Zones 1’, 1, 2, and 3, including the form deck type, span, and securement.

B. Ensure the LWIC assembly is FM Approved for the specific wind pressure recommended in Zone 1 and Zone 1’, if present, with prescriptive enhancements based on Zone 1 provided for the securement of base sheets in Zone 2 and Zone 3 in accordance with Recommendation 2.2.10.14.

In addition, for form deck that consists of minimum 1.5 in. (38 mm) deep, minimum 22 ga. (0.0295 in., 0.75

mm) steel deck, use the guidelines in Section 2.2.3 for prescriptive deck securement enhancement options.

For installations using different form-deck profiles, ensure the securement spacing of the form deck to the supports in the perimeter and corner does not exceed 4 in. (100 mm).

2.2.9.1.4 In regions prone to tropical cyclones, ensure the assembly meets all RoofNav requirements for the specific wind rating needed for Zones 1’, 1, 2, and 3, and corner areas, including the form deck type, span, and securement.

2.2.9.1.5 Ensure all welding on deck less than 22 ga.