Attach_02_Standard_FS_Trail_Specifications.pdf

STANDARD

SPECIFICATIONS FOR

CONSTRUCTION OF

TRAILS AND TRAIL

BRIDGES ON

FOREST SERVICE

PROJECTS

U.S. Customary Units

National Technology and Development Program

10/30/2014

Supersedes the 1996 Standard Specification for Construction and Maintenance of Trails

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Table of Contents

Section

900. General Requirements

901. Terms, Format, Abbreviations, and Definitions

902. Intent of Contract

903. Control of Work

904. Control of Materials

905. Quality Assurance and Quantity of Measurement

906. Measurement and Payment

907. Mobilization

908. Construction Survey, Staking, Flagging and Cleanup

909. Maintenance for Traffic and Temporary Construction Access

909.10 Maintenance for Traffic

909.20 Temporary Construction Access

Construction Specifications

910. Trailway

911.00. Tread and Prism

911.10. Excavation and Embankment

912.00. Clearing Limits

912.10. Clearing and Grubbing

912.20. Brush Cutting

912.30. Logging Out

912.40. Hazard Tree Removal

912.50. Loose Rock Removal

912.60. Rock and Root Removal

925.00. Ditches

925.10. Side Ditch

925.20. Leadoff Ditch

925.30. Ditch Maintenance

939. Reserved for Trail Structures Special Project Specifications

940. Restriction Devices

941.00. Fences

941.10. Post and Wire Fence

941.20. Post and Rail Fence

941.30. Woven Wire Fence

941.40. Jack Leg Fence

941.50. Stacked Rail (Worm) Fence

941.60. Remove and Reset Fence

941.70. Fence Maintenance

960. Trail Bridges

962.00. Sawn Timber Trail Bridge

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962.10. Sawn Timber Stringer Trail Bridge

962.20. Longitudinal Nail-Laminated Timber Trail Bridge

963.00 Glulam Trail Bridge

963.10. Glulam Stringer Trail Bridge

963.20. Longitudinal Glulam Deck Panel Trail Bridge

964.00. Prefabricated Steel Trail Bridge

965.00. Trail Bridge Substructures

965.10. Timber Sill on Geocell Pad

965.20. Timber Sill on Gabion Basket

965.30. Timber Sill on Timber Cribbing

965.40. Concrete Leveling Pad on Bedrock

966.00. Trail Bridge Maintenance

969. Reserved for Trail Bridge Special Project Specifications

970. Specialty Structures

971. Reserved for Snow Sheds

972. Reserved for Tunnels

979. Reserved for Specialty Structures Special Project Specifications

990. Material

995.00. Material for Timber Structures

996.00. Gabion and Revet Mattress Material

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Section 900

General Specifications

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Section 901—Terms, Format, Abbreviations and Definitions

901.01 Meaning of Terms. These specifications are generally written in the imperative mood. In sentences using the imperative mood, the subject “the

Contractor,” is implied. Also implied in this language is “shall,” “shall be,” or similar words or phrases. In material specifications, the subject may also be the supplier, fabricator, or manufacturer supplying material, products, or equipment for use on the project.

Wherever “directed,” “required,” “prescribed,” or similar words are used, the

“direction,” “requirement,” or “order” of the Contracting Officer is intended.

Similarly, wherever “approved,” “acceptable,” suitable,” “satisfactory,” or similar words are used, they mean “approved by,” “acceptable to,” or

“satisfactory to” the Contracting Officer.

The word “will” generally pertains to decisions or actions of the Contracting

Officer.

Whenever in these specifications, or in other contract documents, the following terms (or pronouns in place of them) are used, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows: reference to a specific standard, test, testing method, or specification shall mean the latest published edition or amendment that is in effect at the solicitation issue date for the public works contracts.

901.02 Specification Format These specifications are divided into Sections.

Sections 900 through 906, 908 and 909 consist of general contract requirements for which no direct payment is made. The requirements contained in Sections 900 through 906 are applicable to all contracts.

Sections 907, 908, 909 and 910 through 989 consist of construction contract requirements for specific items of work. Work under these Sections is paid for directly or indirectly according to Subsection 906.04 and the Section ordering the work. When there is no pay item in the bid schedule, no direct payment is made.

Sections 990 through 999 contain the material requirements for Sections 910 through 989. No direct payment is made in Sections 990 through 999. Payment for material is included as part of the work required in Sections 910 through 989.

The first three digits of the pay item number identify the Section under which the work is performed.

901.03 Abbreviations. Whenever these abbreviations are used in the specifications, they represent the following:

(a) Acronyms

AASHTO American Association Of State Highway And Transportation Officials

ABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene

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AITC American Institute of Timber Construction

ANSI American National Standards Institute

AQ Actual Quantities

APA American Plywood Association

ASTM American Society For Testing And Material

AWPA American Wood Protection Association

CO Contracting Officer

C.F. Cubic Feet

C.Y. Cubic Yard

DQ Design Quantities

EA Each

FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation g Grams

HDPE High-Density Polyethylene hr Hour kg Kilogram kN Kilonewtons lb Pound

L.F. Linear Feet

LS Lump Sum

LSQ Lump Sum Quantities m Meter m Square Meter m Cubic Meter mi Mile mm Millimeter

MPa Megapascals

MSE Mechanically Stabilized Earth

N Newton

NBS National Bureau Of Standards

NCMA National Concrete Masonry Association

OSHA Occupational Safety & Health Administration

Pa Pascal

PE Polyethylene

PS Product Standard Issued By The U.S. Department Of Commerce psi Pounds Per Square Inch

PVC Polyvinyl Chloride

S.F.

Square Feet

SQ Staked Quantities

S.Y. Square Yard

WCLIB West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

WWPA Western Wood Products Association

WWPI Western Wood Preservers Institute

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Additional abbreviations may be found in Section 101.03 of the Standard

Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects

(FP-03).

(b) Slope notation (vertical: horizontal). For slopes flatter than 1:1, express the slope as the ratio of one unit vertical to a number of units horizontal. For slopes steeper than 1:1, express the slope as the ratio of a number of units vertical to one unit horizontal.

901.04 Definitions The following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used in these specifications or in other contract documents, the intent and meaning are as follows:

Barriers. A fence or other obstacle that prevents movement or access.

Base Course. The layer or layers of specified material of designed thickness placed on a trailbed to support surfacing.

Batter. A backward and upward slope of the face of a wall.

Berm. The ridge of material formed on the outer edge of the trail that projects higher than the tread.

Borrow. Suitable materials taken from approved sources designated on the plans or on the ground, to be used for embankments and backfilling.

Bridge. A trail structure, including supports, erected over a depression or obstruction such as a body of water, a road, a trail, or a railroad that provides a continuous pathway and that has a deck for carrying traffic or other loads.

Cap Rock. Rock placed in the top or uppermost layer in a constructed rock structure, such as a talus or rubble rock section or rock retaining wall.

Catch Point. The outer limits of a trailway where the excavation and/or embankment intersect with the ground line.

Clearing Limit. The area over and beside the trail that is cleared of trees, limbs, and other obstructions.

Climbing Turn. A reverse in direction of trail grade without a level landing used to change elevation on a steep slope.

Compacted. Consolidation that is obtained by tamping or rolling suitable material until no noticeable displacement of material is observed.

Contracting Officer (CO). An official of the Government with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO.

Culvert. Any structure with a bottom, regardless of the fill depth, the depth of invert, or the presence of a horizontal driving surface, or any bottomless (natural

10/30/2014 Trail Specifications-7 channel) structure with footings that does not have wheel loads in direct contact with the top of the structure.

Curb. A border defining the edge of the trail or trail bridge.

Cushion Material. Native or imported material generally placed over rocky section of unsurfaced trail to provide a usable and maintained traveled way.

Designated on the Ground. The location of materials, work areas, and construction items, including lines and grades, marked on the ground with stakes, flagging, tags, or paint.

Drawings. Design sheets or fabrication, erection, or construction details submitted to the Government by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21

Specifications and Drawings for Construction. Also refers to submissions and submittals.

Duff. Organic material overlying rock or mineral soil.

Embankment. A structure of suitable material placed on the prepared ground surface and constructed to the trailbed elevation.

Excess Excavation. Material in the trailway in excess of that needed for construction of designed trailways.

Falsework. Temporary construction work on which a main work is wholly or partly built and supported until the main work is strong enough to support itself.

Ford. A water-level stream crossing constructed to provide a level surface for safe traffic passage.

Full Bench. Trailbed constructed entirely on undisturbed material.

Gabion Basket. Rectangular wire baskets filled with rock used as pervious, semiflexible building blocks for slope and foundation stabilization.

Grade. The vertical distance of ascent or descent of the trail expressed as a percentage of the horizontal distance.

Hazard Tree. An unstable tree that is likely to fall across the trail.

Header Rock. Rock laid with the narrow end towards the face of the wall.

Inslope. Where the trails tread is sloped downward toward the backslope.

Leave Tree. Trees designated to be left or to remain undisturbed after trail construction.

Mineral Soil. Soil or aggregate that is free from organic substances and contains no particles larger than 2 inches at their greatest dimension.

Outslope. Where the trail tread is sloped downward toward the embankment or daylight side of the trailway.

Plans. The contract plans furnished by the Government showing the location, type, dimensions, and details of work.

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Retainers. Embedded border of wood or rock used to retain fill and/or surface material.

Sideslope. The natural slope of the ground, usually expressed as a percentage.

Slough. That material from the backslope or the area of the backslope that has raveled onto the trailbed.

Slump. Where the trailbed material has moved downward, causing a dip in the trail grade.

Special Contract Requirements. Specifications that detail the conditions and requirements peculiar to an individual project, including additions and revisions to the standard specifications.

Standard Plans. Detailed plans approved for repetitive use and included as part of the plans.

Standard Specifications. The Standard Specifications for Construction of Trails on Federal Projects approved for general application and repetitive use.

Surfacing. Material placed on top of the trailbed or base course that provides the desired tread.

Suitable Material. Rock that can be accommodated in the trail structure, and soil free of duff with a recognizable granular texture.

Switchback. A reverse in direction of trail grade with a level landing used to change elevation on a steep slope, usually involving special treatment of the approaches, barriers, and drainages.

Trailbed. The finished surface on which base course or surfacing may be constructed. For trails without surfacing the trailbed is the tread.

Trailway. The portion of the trail within the limits of the excavation and embankment.

Tread. The surface portion of the trail upon which traffic moves.

Turnout. A short section of extra trail width to provide for passage of trail users.

Waterbar. A structure used for turning water off the trail, usually made of logs or stones.

Water Courses. Any natural or constructed channel where water naturally flows or will collect and flow during spring runoff, rainstorms, etc.

Additional definitions may be found in Section 101.03 of the Standard

Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects

(FP-03).

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Section 902—Intent of Contract

902.01 Intent of Contract. The intent of the contract is to provide for the construction and completion of the work described. The precise details of performing the work are not stipulated except as considered essential for the successful completion of the work. Furnish all labor, material, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies necessary to complete the work according to the contract.

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Section 903—Control of Work

903.01 Specifications and Drawings. Follow the requirements of FAR Clause

52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction.

(a) General. Prepare drawings as necessary to construct the work.

Drawings include, but are not limited to, layouts that show the relative position (vertical and horizontal as appropriate) of work to be performed, fabrication details for manufactured items and assemblies, installation and erection procedures, details of post-tensioning and other systems, detailed trench and excavation procedures that conform to OSHA requirements, traffic control implementation drawings, and methods for performing work near existing structures or other areas to be protected. Show all the drawing dimensions in United States customary units.

Drawings shall be a minimum size of 11 by 17 inches and a maximum size of 24 by 36 inches. All text should have a minimum height of 1/8 inch for

24 by 36 inch drawings (D size sheets). Include on each drawing and calculation sheet, the project number, name, and other identification as shown in the contract.

Furnish 5 sets of drawings and supporting calculations for acceptance before performing work covered by the drawings. If drawings are returned for revision, correct and resubmit for acceptance. Allow 40 days per submission for railroad structures and 30 days per submission for all other structures. The review time as specified is applied separately to each drawing submitted. The CO may request additional specific drawings for unique situations in order to clarify layout, construction details, or methodology. If drawings must be resubmitted, the time for acceptance starts over. Obtain written approval before changing or deviating from the accepted drawings.

(b) Specific requirements for concrete and miscellaneous structures.

(1) Furnish drawings for the following:

(a) Site-specific layouts for all wall types and gabion installations;

(b) Gabion and revet mattress details and installation procedures;

(c) Forms and falsework for reinforced concrete box culverts less than or equal to 6 feet in height;

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(d) Fabrication drawings for bridge railings and parapets;

(e) Fabrication drawings for prestressed members;

(f) Fabrication and installation drawings for expansion joint assemblies;

(g) Fabrication drawings for bearing assemblies;

(h) Construction joint location and concrete deck placement sequences not shown on the plans;

(i) Erection diagrams for Soil-Corrugated Metal Structure interaction systems (multi-plate structures);

(j) Structural steel fabrication drawings;

(k) Utility hangar details; and

(l) Fabrication and installation drawings for precast items.

(2) Furnish drawings that bear the seal and signature of a professional engineer proficient in the pertinent design field for the following:

(a) Erection plans;

(b) Reinforced soil slopes details;

(c) MSE wall and crib wall details;

(d) Details and installation procedures for proprietary wall systems;

(e) Temporary bridge structures for public use;

(f) All bridge forms except for railings, parapets, and components less than 6 feet in height;

(g) Shoring systems and cofferdams greater than 6 feet in height;

(h) All shoring systems that support traffic loadings;

(i) Forms and falsework for all structures greater than 6 feet in height;

(j) Post-tensioning systems;

(k) Ground anchors, soil nail, and rock bolt assembly details, layout, and installation and testing procedures;

(l) Tie back wall details; and

(m) Alternate retaining wall details.

(3) Furnish drawings that bear the seal and signature of a professional engineer who is proficient in forms and falsework

10/30/2014 Trail Specifications-12 design and licensed in the state where the project will be constructed for the following:

(a) Falsework for any structure with a span exceeding 16 feet;

(b) Falsework for any structure with a height exceeding 14 feet; and

(c) Falsework for structures where traffic, other than workers involved in constructing the structure, will travel under the structure.

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Section 904—Control of Materials

904.01 Handling Materials. Transport and handle all materials to preserve their quality and fitness for the work. Stockpile, load, and transport aggregates in a manner that will preserve specified gradation and avoid contamination.

Store materials to assure the preservation of their quality and fitness for the work.

Locate stored materials to facilitate their prompt inspection. Sites on Government-administered land that are not already designated may be used for storage purposes and for placing of equipment only when approved in advance by the CO. Restore all storage sites in accordance with requirements SHOWN ON THE PLANS or as otherwise specified. Arrangements for storage on other than designated sites are the responsibility of the contractor.

904.02 Material Sources

(a) Designated Sources. Sources for materials such as, but not limited to, soil, rock, or logs that are not available from trailway excavation or clearing operations will be designated. Sources of local materials designated in the SPECIAL CONTRACT

REQUIREMENTS or SHOWN ON THE PLANS are guaranteed by the

Government for the quality and quantity of material in the source.

Use all needed suitable material from the source. The designation of a source includes the right to use areas SHOWN ON THE PLANS for the purposes designated (such as plant sites, stockpiles, and haul roads). Operations are restricted to the confines of the area(s) designated.

Comply with the requirements of 30 CFR 56, subparts B and H. When required, re-establish vegetation in disturbed areas according to section 981.

(b) Contractor-Furnished Sources. Furnish material that produces an end product equivalent in performance to that specified.

904.03 Restoration. Shape and grade borrow areas on Government-administered land to make them stable and to minimize future erosion. Dispose of debris resulting from development of material sources by scattering, unless otherwise specified. Do not scatter debris within the clearing limits of trails or within roadsides. Cut off stumps to less than 12 inches above the ground as measured on the uphill side of the stump.

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Section 905—Quality Assurance and Quantity Measurement

Description

905.01 This work consists of providing certification that the quality and quantity of construction conform to the plans, specifications, and requirements of the contract.

Construction

905.02 Certification and Measurements

(a) Offsite-Produced Materials. Furnish signed certificates executed by the manufacturer, supplier, or vendor, stipulating that all offsite-produced materials incorporated in the work meet applicable requirements SHOWN ON THE PLANS or stated in the specifications. Furnish a certificate for each commodity or invoice.

(b) Quantity Measurements. Submit quantities to the CO for periodic progress payments, and the CO will compute payments. Quantities are subject to verification.

905.03 Records. Maintain a set of contract plans depicting as-built conditions resulting from approved changes. Maintain the plans in a current condition and indicate changes from the original contract plans in red. Give the plans to the CO upon the completion of the contract work.

Measurement

905.04 Method. There will be no separate measurement for this item.

Payment

905.05 Payment will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract.

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Section 906—Measurement and Payment

906.01 General. Measurement and payment for contract work will be made only for and under those pay items included in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS. All other work and materials will be considered incidental and included in the payment of the

PAY ITEMS in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

When more than one class, size, or thickness is specified in the SCHEDULE OF

ITEMS for any PAY ITEM, suffixes will be added to the item number to differentiate between the items.

906.02 Determination of Quantities. The following measurements and calculations are to be used to determine contract quantities for payment:

Make measurements for seeding, geotextiles, and erosion control blankets along slope lines.

For retaining walls, measure by the square foot of front wall face.

Measure structures according to neat lines SHOWN ON THE PLANS or as altered by the CO in writing to fit field conditions. Make measurements along the centerline and parallel to the specified grade or foundation or as SHOWN ON THE

PLANS.

Deduct lengths for stairways, turnpike, puncheon, retaining walls, wire baskets, switchbacks, bridges, and bridge approaches from the measurement of excavation in Section 911 unless these items are specified as incidental to excavation in

Section 911.

For standard manufactured items, such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, and pipe conduits identified by gage, weight, section dimensions, and the like, such identification shall be considered the nominal weights or dimensions.

Manufacturer’s tolerances will be accepted unless controlled by tolerances in the cited specifications.

906.03 Units of Measurement. Payment will be made by units defined and determined according to U.S. Customary measure and by the following:

(a) Cubic Yard. A measurement computed by one of the following methods:

(1) Excavation, embankment, or borrow. The measurement computed by the average-end-area method from measurements made longitudinally along a centerline or other reference line.

(2) Material in place or stockpiled. The measurement computed with the dimensions of the in-place material using average-end-area method or prismodial formula.

(3) Material in the Delivery Vehicle. The measurement computed using measurements of material in the hauling vehicles at the point of delivery.

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Vehicles shall be loaded to at least their water-level capacity. Leveling of the loads may be required when vehicles arrive at the delivery point.

(b) Each (EA). One complete unit, which may consist of one or more parts.

(c) Lump Sum (LS). The quantities that denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

906.04 Methods of Measurement. One of the following methods of measurement for determining final payment is DESIGNATED ON THE SCHEDULE OF

ITEMS for each PAY ITEM:

(a) Designed Quantities. These quantities denote the final number of units to be paid for under the terms of the contract. They are based upon the original design data available prior to advertising the project. Original design data include the preliminary survey information, design assumptions, calculations, and plans.

Changes in the number of units DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS may be authorized under the following conditions:

(1) As a result of changes in the work approved by the CO.

(2) As a result of the CO determining that errors exist in the original design that cause a PAY ITEM quantity to change by 15 percent or more.

(3) As a result of the contractor submitting to the CO a written request showing evidence of errors in the original design that cause a PAY ITEM quantity to change by 15 percent or more. The evidence must be verifiable and consist of calculations, plans, or other data that show how the designed quantity is believed to be in error.

(b) Staked Quantities (SQ). These quantities are determined from staked measurements prior to the construction.

(c) Actual Quantities (AQ). These quantities are determined from measurement of completed work.

(d) Vehicle Quantities. These quantities are measured or weighed in hauling vehicles.

(e) Lump Sum Quantities (LSQ). These quantities denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

906.05 Government-Furnished Materials. When materials are furnished by the

Forest Service, the note “Government-Furnished Materials” will be added to the description of the PAY ITEM.

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Section 909— Maintenance for Traffic and Temporary Construction Access

909.00.01 This work consists of maintaining existing trails that are undergoing improvements open and maintained in such a condition as to safely accommodate traffic and providing temporary construction access to the site. Maintaining the trail for traffic and temporary access may be covered by subsection:

909.10 Maintenance for Traffic

909.20 Temporary Construction Access

Measurement

909.00.02 There will be no separate measurement for these items.

Payment

909.00.03 Maintaining the trail for public access and providing temporary construction access will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract, and additional payment will not be made.

909.10 - Maintenance for Traffic

Description

909.10.01 Keep existing trails that are undergoing improvements open and maintained in such a condition as to safely accommodate traffic. Provide and maintain temporary detours, approaches, or crossings and intersections with trails, roads, businesses, parking lots, and campgrounds in a safe and passable condition. Perform no work that interferes or conflicts with traffic until a plan for handling traffic has been submitted and approved. Specific requirements for detours or closures are SHOWN ON THE PLANS or in the SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS.

Before any suspension of work, take precautions necessary to prevent damage to the project, such as temporary detours, approaches, crossings, or intersections, and make provisions for normal drainage and to minimize erosion. Leave all trailways in a condition suitable for traffic unless otherwise specified.

The Government may permit use of portions of the project during periods when operations are shut down. All maintenance attributable to permitted use during periods of work suspension will be provided by the Government.

The contractor is responsible for any maintenance that is not attributable to use or that is necessary during suspensions resulting from fault or negligence of the contractor.

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909.20 - Temporary Construction Access

909.20.01 The government may provide temporary access for the contractor from another route or trail other than the trail being constructed. The contractor will be responsible for maintaining the temporary access, removing and rehabilitating the temporary access route and any damaged area after construction is completed.

Construction

911.10.03 Use and Disposal of Excavated Material. Conserve and use all suitable material for specified work. Conserve excess excavated rock suitable for specified project work and use in place of materials from designated sources.

Remove all duff and debris from within trailway limits and uniformly spread outside the clearing limits, not more than 4 inches in depth (unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE PLANS). Do not obstruct drainage or create piles, berms, or windrows of debris.

Place excess and unsuitable excavation beyond the downslope edge of the trailbed Do not obstruct drainage and spread to a depth not exceeding 4 inches. This includes any material removed in the grubbing operation and deposited in the same area.

Place rocks over 4 inches in greatest dimension not used in construction beyond the hinge point on the downslope side. Place rocks so that the tops are at least 6 inches lower than the trailbed surface. Ensure that no blockage of drainage or creation of a windrow effect occurs.

Section 912 - Clearing Limits

912.00.01 This work consists of clearing, grubbing, trimming, removing, and treating trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, plants, and other vegetation along with removal of rocks, undermined roots and hazard trees within the clearing limits.

Clearing and removal of trees, vegetation and rocks may be covered by one or more of the following subsections:

912.10. Clearing and Grubbing

912.20. Brush Cutting

912.30. Logging Out

912.40. Hazard Tree Removal

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912.50. Loose Rock Removal

912.60. Rock and Root Removal

912.00.02 Measure the section 912 items listed in the bid schedule according to subsection 906.

Payment

912.00.03 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the section 911 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this section. See Subsection

906.04.

912.10 - Clearing and Grubbing

Description

912.10.01 This work consists of clearing, grubbing, trimming, removing, and treating trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, plants, and other vegetation within the clearing limits. Work includes the felling and treatment of designated trees outside the clearing limits. Also, included are the protection from injury or defacement of trees and other objects not designated for removal and treatment of damaged trees.

Construction

912.10.02 Clearing Limits. Clear to the dimensions SHOWN ON THE

PLANS or 12 inches beyond the fill and backslope catch points, whichever is greater.

912.10.03 Material to Be Cleared. Remove and dispose of trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, herbaceous plants, and other vegetation within the clearing limits, except for the following:

a) Live, sound, and firmly rooted trees of the size SHOWN ON THE

PLANS.

b) Live brush, herbaceous plants, and trees between the trailway and the clearing limits that are less than 12 inches in height and less than ½ inch in diameter at ground line.

Except as provided above, cut all limbs and branches more than ½ inch in diameter that extend into the clearing limits. Cut limbs flush with the tree trunks or stems or cut at the ground surface as SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

Fall and limb designated trees.

912.10.04 Damaged Trees. When felling, cutting, or trimming, do not cause bark damage to standing timber. If damage does occur to standing trees, treat the injured trees as SHOWN ON THE PLANS. Remove and

10/30/2014 Trail Specifications-20 dispose of trees with major roots exposed by construction that are rendered unstable.

912.10.05 Removal of Stumps. Remove all stumps within the trailbed.

Remove stumps located between the edge of the trailbed and the edge of the trailway that cannot be cut flush with the finished slope or that are not tightly rooted.

912.20 - Brush Cutting

912.20.01 This work consists of removing brush, trees less than 4 inches in diameter, and shrubs within the clearing limits.

Construction

912.20.02 General. Remove all limbs of shrubs and trees that extend across or into the clearing limits as SHOWN ON THE PLANS. Saw or cut limbs flush with the tree trunk. Make cuts in a manner that will not tear or strip bark from the trees.

Cut and remove from the clearing limits all woody plants exceeding ½ inch in stem diameter or 12 inches in height. The maximum size material to be cut under this specification is 4 inches in diameter when measured at a height of 6 inches above the ground on the uphill side of the stump.

Cut all brush and small, woody plants as near flush to the ground surface as possible. When impractical to cut plants flush, the maximum stem length shall be 2 inches.

Remove all woody material for a minimum of 3 inches below the trail tread surface. Fill holes in the trail tread caused by removing woody material with suitable material.

Scatter the clearing debris removed from the clearing limits outside and below the clearing limits. Do not place materials in stream channels, drainage ways, ditches, culvert inlets, or other locations where they would prevent the free flow of water away from the trailbed.

912.30 - Logging Out

912.30.01 This work consists of removing brush, logs, and down trees from the clearing limits.

Construction

912.30.02 Clearing Out. Cut and remove all logs that extend across or into the clearing limits. The portions of cut logs that remain on the upper side of

10/30/2014 Trail Specifications-21 the trail shall be either firmly anchored to prevent sliding or rolling onto the trailway or moved across the trail to the lower side and scattered outside the clearing limits.

Fell all trees over 4 inches in diameter that are leaning into the clearing limits and that are within 10 feet above the trailbed. Stump height of leaning trees that are cut outside the clearing limits shall not exceed 12 inches as measured on the uphill side of the stump. Disposal and payment for the leaning trees described above will be the same as for down logs and trees.

Remove roots and stumps from trees within the trailway that have been uprooted.

Rerouting the trail around windfalls, uprooted trees, and other obstacles will not be permitted. Ramp or reroute sections of the trail tread that have been damaged by uprooted stumps as necessary to provide safe passage on the trail. Payment for such work will be incidental to the specified work item, and no extra payment will be made.

Remove sticks or wood chunks exceeding 2 inches in diameter and 12 inches in length that have fallen onto the trailbed.

Scatter the down trees on the lower side of the trailway outside the clearing limits. Do not place such materials in stream channels, drainage ways, ditches, culvert catch basins or other locations where they would prevent the free flow of water away from the trailbed.

912.40 - Hazard Tree Removal

912.40.01 This work consists of felling, bucking, and limbing trees and scattering slash.

Construction

912.40.02 Hazard Trees. Remove trees and snags that are broken off or that are in a leaning, unstable position over the trailway to designated areas as SHOWN ON THE PLANS. Cut designated danger trees so that stump heights do not exceed 12 inches as measured on the uphill side of the stump. Maximum stump height of designated trees within 4 feet of the trail centerline is 4 inches. Do not leave felled trees parallel with the trail unless there are sufficient barriers to keep them from rolling or sliding onto the trail. Lop limbs to reduce slash concentration and scatter the clearing debris outside and below the clearing limits. If the trunk or a portion thereof, falls within the trailway, remove that portion within 4 feet of either side of the trail centerline and scatter a minimum distance of 4 feet beyond and below the trail centerline.

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912.50 - Loose Rock Removal

912.50.01 This work consists of removal and disposal of loose rock from the trail tread.

Construction

912.50.02 General. Remove loose rocks that are larger than 2 inches at their greatest dimension from the trailbed. Remove any loose rock in drainage dips or ditches that may impede water flow off the trail. Loose rocks are rocks that are not firmly embedded in the trail and can be removed by hand. Where the trailbed consists predominantly of rock with little or no soil present, remove all loose rock larger than 3 inches.

Fill any holes remaining from rock removal with suitable material and compact. If the rock removed is not needed for other items of maintenance work, scatter the rock by side-casting to the lower side of trailway beyond the clearing limits, and distribute rock to ensure that no blockage of drainage or creation of a windrow occurs. Do not dispose of waste materials in water courses.

912.60 - Rock and Root Removal

912.60.01 This work consists of removal and disposal of rocks and roots from the tread.

Construction

912.60.02 Rock Removal. Remove surface rocks that are larger than 2 inches at their greatest dimension, and rocks that project more than 2 inches above the surface of the trail tread, when removal can be accomplished by hand or when rocks can be pried out with a pick mattock, shovel, pry bar, or similar tool. Where the trailbed consists predominantly of rock with little or no soil present, remove loose rock in excess of 3 inches.

Shatter any protruding rocks in trail tread that are too large to be pried out with a pick and bar by using either a rock sledge or explosives. Remove the protrusion down to the level of the tread surface. Fill any resulting depressions with suitable material and compact by tamping. If rock

10/30/2014 Trail Specifications-23 removed is not needed for other items of maintenance work, scatter the rock by side-casting to the lower side of the trailway and beyond the clearing limits and distribute rock to ensure that no blockage of drainage or creation of windrow occurs. Do not dispose any waste material in water courses.

912.60.03 Root Removal. Remove exposed tree roots on or in the trail tread that are greater than 1 inch in diameter. Cut embedded roots that project more than 2 inches above the trail tread flush with the trail tread.

Scatter removed roots on the lower side of the trailway beyond the clearing limits and outside of water courses.

Fill holes caused by rock and root removal with suitable material and compact to form a smooth trail tread.

Maintain trail tread to the width as SHOWN ON THE PLANS or

DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

925 – Ditches

925.00.01 This work consists of construction and maintenance of ditches, including excavation and backfill. Construction and maintenance of ditches may be covered by one or more of the following subsections:

925.10. Side Ditch

925.20. Leadoff Ditch

925.30. Ditch Maintenance

925.00.02 General. Construct ditches at locations SHOWN ON THE PLANS or

DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

925.00.03 Excavation and Embankment. Perform excavation and embankment in accordance with Section 911.

Measurement

925.00.04 Measure the Section 925 items listed in the bid schedule according to section 906.

Payment

925.00.05 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 925 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection

906.04.

925.10. - Side Ditch

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925.10.01 This work consists of construction of side ditches, including excavation and backfill.

Construction

925.10.02 Construct side ditches as required under construction section

925.00 and/or as SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

925.20. - Leadoff Ditch

925.20.01 This work consists of construction of leadoff ditches, including excavation and backfill.

Construction

925.20.02 Construct leadoff ditches as required under construction section

925.00 and/or as SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

925.30. - Ditch Maintenance

Description

925.30.01 This work consists of maintenance of leadoff ditches, including excavation and backfill.

Maintenance

925.30.02 General. Where ditches have been plugged and the water has been diverted from the intended ditch, remove the debris causing the diversion and return the drainage to the ditch. Clean deposited material and restore ditches as SHOWN ON THE PLANS. Remove all debris from the lead-off ditches that restricts the free flow of water away from the trail.

Clean ditches to permit the free flow of water into culverts and away from the trail.

Scatter all unusable or unneeded material that is cleared from the drainage structures 3 feet or more beyond and below the trail or drainage facility and out of water courses.

Section 949 – Reserved for Restriction Devices Special Project Specifications

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Section 962 - Sawn Timber Trail Bridge

962.00.01 This work consists of furnishing, fabricating, constructing sawn timber trail bridges, including all required lumber, hardware, sills, backwalls, rail systems, curbs, decking, excavation, backfill, and approach fills as SHOWN ON THE

PLANS. Construction of sawn timber trail bridges may be covered by one or more of the following subsections:

962.10. Sawn Timber Stringer Trail Bridge

962.20. Longitudinal Nail-Laminated Trail Bridge

Materials

962.00.02 Materials. Conform to the following Sections and Subsections:

Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate 991

Material for Timber Structures 995

Furnish the following compliance certificates to the CO upon delivery of the materials to the jobsite:

(a) Verification of compliance with grading rules and species of timber and lumber. Provide certification by an agency accepted as competent by the

American Lumber Standards Committee (ALSC).

(b) Lot certification of each charge for preservative, penetration in inches, and retention in pounds per cubic foot (assay method) by a qualified independent inspection and testing agency. In addition, have the producer of the treated products provide written certification that Best Management

Practices (BMP's) in accordance with "Best Management Practices for

Treated Wood in Western Aquatic Environments," published by the

Western Wood Preservers Institute (WWPI) and Canadian Institute of

Treated Wood, were followed, including a description and appropriate documentation of the applicable BMP's used.

(c) Such other certifications as SHOWN ON THE PLANS or called for in the SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS.

Provide shop drawings in accordance with section 903 for all timber bridges 30 days in advance of fabrication when SHOWN ON THE PLANS or in the SPECIAL

PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS. Show all dimensions and fabrication details for all cut, framed, or bored timbers.

Construction

962.00.03 General. Construct sawn timber trail bridges at locations SHOWN ON

THE PLANS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

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Furnish structural lumber and timber of the required stress grade as SHOWN ON

THE PLANS.

Clear stacks of weeds, rubbish, or other objectionable material from the ground under and in the vicinity of all stored material. Place the bottom layer of material at least 8 inches above the ground level. Provide sufficient support to prevent sagging.

Open-stack untreated material to shed water. Stack material in layers on spacers

(stickers) that extend across the full width of the stack to allow for free air circulation. Align all stickers vertically and space them at regular intervals.

Close-stack treated material to shed water.

Protect material from the weather. If covered, used sheet material such as water-resistant paper or opaque polyethylene film. Do not cover with impervious membranes, such as polyethylene film, during dry weather. Slit individual wrappings full length or puncture on the lower side to permit drainage of water.

Use slings or other devices to protect corners of heavy construction timbers and banded packages of heavy construction timber

962.00.04 Excavation and Embankment. Perform excavation and embankment in accordance with Section 911.

962.00.05 Hardware. Furnish and install hardware as SHOWN ON THE PLANS

962.00.06 Workmanship. Cut and form all lumber and construction timbers so all joints will have even bearing over the entire contact surface. Do not use shims in making joints. Construct all joints to be closed. Drive nails and spikes to set the heads flush with the wood surface. Use the same end, face, and edge of the timber member for all layout dimensions. Bore all holes from mating faces.

962.00.06 Mud Sills. Construct mud sills at each end of the span in the location staked on the ground. Construct mud sills to be level, bedded evenly, and buried to the depth necessary for the bottom of the log stringers to clear the ground surface by a minimum of 6 inches.

962.00.07 Stringers. Stringers shall be size matched at bearings and shall be positioned so that knots near the edge will be in the top portion of the stringers.

Bridging between stringers shall be neatly and accurately framed and securely fastened.

962.00.08 Curbs. Construct curbs with logs or sawn timber as SHOWN ON THE

PLANS. Use lengths greater than or equal to 10 feet and splice with a 24 inch half-lap joint at a curb block location. Match diameters of logs at lap joints and trim excess to provide a smooth transition between logs.

Finish curbs smooth and free from splinters and sharp projections.

962.00.09 Rail Systems. Construct rail systems with logs or sawn timber as

SHOWN ON THE PLANS and use lengths greater than or equal to 10 feet.

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When rail systems are constructed of logs, splice them with a 6 inch half-lap joint at a post location. Notch surfaces of posts and rails 5/8 inch at connections. Match diameters of rails at lap joints and trim excess to provide a smooth transition between rails. Use timber bolts for fastening rails to posts as SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

When rail systems are constructed of sawn timber, splice them with a diagonal butt joint at a post location. Use S4S sawn timber, for all rails, posts, and top caps. Fasten each rail and top rail to each post with wood screws as SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

Finish handrails and posts smooth and free from splinters and sharp projections.

962.00.10 Approach Fills. Construct the approach fills with compacted suitable material.

Measurement

962.00.11 Measure the Section 962 items listed in the bid schedule according to section 906.

Payment

962.00.12 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 962 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection

906.04.

962.10 – Sawn Timber Stringer Trail Bridge

Description

962.10.01 This work consists of construction of a sawn timber stringer trail bridge, including excavation, embankment, backfill, curbs and/or railing system.

Construction

962.10.02 Construct a sawn timber stringer trail bridge as required under construction section 962.00 and as SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

962.20 – Longitudinal Nail-Laminated Trail Bridge

962.20.01 This work consists of construction of a longitudinal nail-laminated trail bridge, including excavation, embankment, backfill, curbs and/or railing system.

Construction

962.20.02 Construct a longitudinal nail-laminated trail bridge as required under construction section 962.00 and as SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

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Section 963 - Glulam Trail Bridge

963.00.01 Work. This work consists of furnishing, fabricating, constructing glulam trail bridges, including all required lumber, hardware, sills, backwalls, rail systems, curbs, decking, excavation, backfill, and approach fills as SHOWN ON

THE PLANS. Construction of glulam trail bridges may be covered by one or more of the following subsections:

963.10. Glulam Stringer Trail Bridge

963.20. Longitudinal Glulam Deck Panel Trail Bridge

963.00.02 Materials. Conform to the following Sections and Subsections:

Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate 991

Material for Timber Structures 995

Furnish the following compliance certificates to the CO upon delivery of the materials to the jobsite:

(a) Verification of compliance with grading rules and species of timber and lumber. Provide certification by an agency accepted as competent by the

American Lumber Standards Committee (ALSC).

(b) Lot certification of each charge for preservative, penetration in inches, and retention in pounds per cubic foot (assay method) by a qualified independent inspection and testing agency. In addition, have the producer of the treated products provide written certification that Best Management

Practices (BMP's) in accordance with "Best Management Practices for

Treated Wood in Western Aquatic Environments," published by the

Western Wood Preservers Institute (WWPI) and Canadian Institute of

Treated Wood, were followed, including a description and appropriate documentation of the applicable BMP's used.

(c) Certification from a qualified inspection and testing agency indicating that all glued laminated members are in accordance with the requirements of American National Standard, "Standard for Wood Products - Structural

Glued Laminated Timber" (ANSI A190.1) modified as SHOWN ON THE

PLANS.

(d) Such other certifications as SHOWN ON THE PLANS or called for in the SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS.

Provide shop drawings in accordance with section 903 for all timber bridges 30 days in advance of fabrication when SHOWN ON THE PLANS or in the SPECIAL

PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS. Show all dimensions and fabrication details for all cut, framed, or bored timbers.

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963.00.03 General. Construct glulam trail bridges at locations SHOWN ON THE

PLANS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

Furnish glulams and lumber of the required stress grade.

Clear stacks of weeds, rubbish, or other objectionable material from the ground under and in the vicinity of all stored material. Place the bottom layer of material at least 8 inches above the ground level. Provide sufficient support to prevent sagging.

Store and protect glued laminated timber in accordance with the recommendations for Loading and Handling, Job Site Storage, and Erection in "Recommended

Practice for Protection of Structural Glued Laminated Timber During Transit, Storage, and Erection," published by the American Institute of Timber

Construction, AITC 111.

Open-stack untreated material to shed water. Stack material in layers on spacers

(stickers) that extend across the full width of the stack to allow for free air circulation. Align all stickers vertically and space them at regular intervals.

Close-stack treated material to shed water.

Protect material from the weather.